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Macêdo RL, Haubrock PJ, Rocha O. Towards effective management of the marine-origin Prymnesium parvum (Haptophyta): A growing concern in freshwater reservoirs? HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102513. [PMID: 37951608 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are highly susceptible to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are often caused by monospecific dense blooms. Effective preventive management strategies are urgently needed to avoid wide-ranging and severe impacts often resulting in costly damage to resources and unsustainable management options. In this study, we utilized SDM techniques focused on Prymnesium parvum, one of the most notorious HABs species worldwide. We first compare the climatic space occupied by P. parvum in North America, Europe and Australia. Additionally, we use MaxEnt algorithm to infer, for the first time, the potentially suitable freshwater environments in the aforementioned ranges. We also discuss the risks of invasion in reservoirs - prone habitats to persistent blooms of pests and invasive phytoplanktonic species. Our results show populations with distinctive niches suggesting ecophysiological tolerances, perhaps reflecting different strains. Our model projections revealed that the potential extent for P. parvum invasions is much broader than its current geographic distribution. The spatial configuration of reservoirs, if not sustaining dense blooms due to non-optimal conditions, favors colonization of multiple basins and ecoregions not yet occupied by P. parvum. Our models can provide valuable insights to decision-makers and monitoring programs while reducing the resources required to control the spread of P. parvum in disturbed habitats. Lastly, as impact magnitude is influenced by toxicity which in turn varies between different strains, we suggest future studies to incorporate intraspecific genetic information and fine-scale environmental variables to estimate potential distribution of P. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; CAMB, Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait
| | - Odete Rocha
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Moreno-Andrés J, Romero-Martínez L, Seoane S, Acevedo-Merino A, Moreno-Garrido I, Nebot E. Evaluation of algaecide effectiveness of five different oxidants applied on harmful phytoplankton. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131279. [PMID: 36989795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal areas similarly impact both ecosystems and human health. The translocation of phytoplankton species via maritime transport can potentially promote the growth of HABs in coastal systems. Accordingly, ballast water must be disinfected. The main goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different emerging biocides, including H2O2, peracetic acid (PAA), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and peroxydisulfate (PDS). The effectiveness of these biocides is compared with that of conventional chlorination methods. Their effects on two ichthyotoxic microalgae with worldwide distribution, i.e., Prymnesium parvum and Heterosigma akashiwo, are examined. To ensure the prolonged effectiveness of the different reagents, their concentration-response curves for 14 days are constructed and examined. The results suggest a strong but shorter effect by PMS (EC50 = 0.40-1.99 mg·L-1) and PAA (EC50 = 0.32-2.70 mg·L-1), a maintained effect by H2O2 (EC50 = 6.67-7.08 mg·L-1), and a negligible effect by PDS. H. akashiwo indicates higher resistance than P. parvum, except when H2O2 is used. Based on the growth inhibition performance and consumption of the reagents as well as a review of important aspects regarding their application, using H2O2, PAA, or PMS can be a feasible alternative to chlorine-based reagents for inhibiting the growth of harmful phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moreno-Andrés
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Leonardo Romero-Martínez
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station, PiE, UPV/EHU), Plentzia 48620, Spain
| | - Asunción Acevedo-Merino
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Nebot
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain
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Wisecaver JH, Auber RP, Pendleton AL, Watervoort NF, Fallon TR, Riedling OL, Manning SR, Moore BS, Driscoll WW. Extreme genome diversity and cryptic speciation in a harmful algal-bloom-forming eukaryote. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2246-2259.e8. [PMID: 37224809 PMCID: PMC10247466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum are a recurrent problem in many inland and estuarine waters around the world. Strains of P. parvum vary in the toxins they produce and in other physiological traits associated with harmful algal blooms, but the genetic basis for this variation is unknown. To investigate genome diversity in this morphospecies, we generated genome assemblies for 15 phylogenetically and geographically diverse strains of P. parvum, including Hi-C guided, near-chromosome-level assemblies for two strains. Comparative analysis revealed considerable DNA content variation between strains, ranging from 115 to 845 Mbp. Strains included haploids, diploids, and polyploids, but not all differences in DNA content were due to variation in genome copy number. Haploid genome size between strains of different chemotypes differed by as much as 243 Mbp. Syntenic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that UTEX 2797, a common laboratory strain from Texas, is a hybrid that retains two phylogenetically distinct haplotypes. Investigation of gene families variably present across the strains identified several functional categories associated with metabolic and genome size variation in P. parvum, including genes for the biosynthesis of toxic metabolites and proliferation of transposable elements. Together, our results indicate that P. parvum comprises multiple cryptic species. These genomes provide a robust phylogenetic and genomic framework for investigations into the eco-physiological consequences of the intra- and inter-specific genetic variation present in P. parvum and demonstrate the need for similar resources for other harmful algal-bloom-forming morphospecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Robert P Auber
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amanda L Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan F Watervoort
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Timothy R Fallon
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0204, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia L Riedling
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, MSB 250B, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0204, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0204, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William W Driscoll
- Department of Biology, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W. Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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Caron DA, Lie AAY, Buckowski T, Turner J, Frabotta K. The Effect of pH and Salinity on the Toxicity and Growth of the Golden Alga, Prymnesium parvum. Protist 2023; 174:125927. [PMID: 36565615 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bioassays using cultures of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum and the ciliate Cyclidium sp. as prey were conducted to test the effect of pH (range = 6.5 - 8.5), salinity (range = 1.50 - 7.50‰), and a combination of pH and salinity on the toxicity of P. parvum. pH had a significant effect on P. parvum toxicity. Toxicity was rapidly (within 24 hr) induced by increasing pH of the medium, or reduced by lowering pH. Conversely, lowering salinity reduced toxicity, albeit less effectively compared to pH, and P. parvum cells remained toxic at the lowest values tested (1.50‰ at pH 7.5). An additional effect between pH and salinity was also observed: low salinity combined with low pH led to not only decreased toxicity, but also resulted in lower P. parvum growth rates. Such effects of pH and salinity on P. parvum growth and toxicity provide insight into the environmental factors supporting community dominance and toxic blooms of the alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Caron
- Aquatic EcoTechnologies, LLC, Santa Cruz, CA 95065, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Alle A Y Lie
- Aquatic EcoTechnologies, LLC, Santa Cruz, CA 95065, USA
| | - Tom Buckowski
- Lake Mission Viejo Association, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| | - Jim Turner
- Lake Mission Viejo Association, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| | - Kevin Frabotta
- Lake Mission Viejo Association, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
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