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Park J, Kim DY, Hwang GS, Han IO. Repeated sleep deprivation decreases the flux into hexosamine biosynthetic pathway/O-GlcNAc cycling and aggravates Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in adult zebrafish. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:257. [PMID: 37946213 PMCID: PMC10634120 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated chronic and repeated sleep deprivation (RSD)-induced neuronal changes in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway/O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (HBP/O-GlcNAc) cycling of glucose metabolism and further explored the role of altered O-GlcNAc cycling in promoting neurodegeneration using an adult zebrafish model. RSD-triggered degenerative changes in the brain led to impairment of memory, neuroinflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. Metabolite profiling of RSD zebrafish brain revealed a significant decrease in glucose, indicating a potential association between RSD-induced neurodegeneration and dysregulated glucose metabolism. While RSD had no impact on overall O-GlcNAcylation levels in the hippocampus region, changes were observed in two O-GlcNAcylation-regulating enzymes, specifically, a decrease in O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and an increase in O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Glucosamine (GlcN) treatment induced an increase in O-GlcNAcylation and recovery of the OGT level that was decreased in the RSD group. In addition, GlcN reversed cognitive impairment by RSD. GlcN reduced neuroinflammation and attenuated Aβ accumulation induced by RSD. Repeated treatment of zebrafish with diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), an inhibitor of HBP metabolism, resulted in cognitive dysfunction, neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation, similar to the effects of RSD. The pathological changes induced by DON were restored to normal upon treatment with GlcN. Both the SD and DON-treated groups exhibited a common decrease in glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid compared to the control group. Overexpression of OGT in zebrafish brain rescued RSD-induced neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. RSD induced a decrease in O-GlcNAcylation of amyloid precursor protein and increase in β-secretase activity, which were reversed by GlcN treatment. Based on the collective findings, we propose that dysregulation of HBP and O-GlcNAc cycling in brain plays a crucial role in RSD-mediated progression of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Targeting of this pathway may, therefore, offer an effective regulatory approach for treatment of sleep-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, 100 Inha Ro, Nam-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
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2
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Lu Y, Xiao Y, Tu Y, Dai W, Xie Y. Propofol-induced sleep ameliorates cognition impairment in sleep-deprived rats. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:181-190. [PMID: 35314924 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propofol has been shown to clear sleep debt in rats after sleep deprivation (SD). We examined whether or not propofol-assisted sleep can restore cognitive function in SD rats and explored the possible mechanisms. METHODS A sleep deprivation model was established by housing 9 to 12 week-old rats to a multiplatform water tank for 96 h. Model rats were then intraperitoneally injected with different concentrations of propofol or 10% fat emulsion (vehicle control). All treatment groups were examined for spatial learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze (MWM). After euthanasia, morphological changes in the hippocampus, hippocampal neurons, and mitochondria were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Serum and hippocampal levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and hippocampal concentrations of ATP and Cyt-c were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to assess hippocampal expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS Results showed that escape latencies in MWM training trials were significantly shorter and target crossings in the memory probe trial significantly greater in propofol-treated SD model rats compared to vehicle-treated SD rats. Propofol also reduced the number of apoptotic bodies in the hippocampal CA1 region. Sleep deprivation reduced IL-1β and ATP in hippocampus while increasing TNF-α and Cyt-c, and propofol treatment reversed all these changes. There was no significant difference in Bcl-2 expression between propofol- and vehicle-treated SD rats, but pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were significantly reduced by propofol in SD rats. CONCLUSIONS Propofol-assisted sleep restored cognitive function in SD rats possibly by attenuating mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, no.6 shuang-yong road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, no.6 shuang-yong road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Youbing Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixin Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, no.6 shuang-yong road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, no.6 shuang-yong road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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3
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Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Chen L, Shen Z, Chen B, Wang H, Chen Y, Xuan W, Zhuang Z, Zheng X, Geng Y, Dong G, Guan J, Lin Y, Wu R. Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging Detects Hippocampal Proteostasis Disturbance Induced by Sleep Deprivation at 7.0 T MRI. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3597-3607. [PMID: 36469930 PMCID: PMC9785040 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation leads to hippocampal injury. Proteostasis disturbance is an important mechanism linking sleep deprivation and hippocampal injury. However, identifying noninvasive imaging biomarkers for hippocampal proteostasis disturbance remains challenging. Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging is a chemical exchange saturation transfer technique based on the amide protons in proteins and peptides. We aimed to explore the ability of APTw imaging in detecting sleep deprivation-induced hippocampal proteostasis disturbance and its biological significance, as well as its biological basis. In vitro, the feasibility of APTw imaging in detecting changes of the protein state was evaluated, demonstrating that APTw imaging can detect alterations in the protein concentration, conformation, and aggregation state. In vivo, the hippocampal APTw signal declined with increased sleep deprivation time and was significantly lower in sleep-deprived rats than that in normal rats. This signal was positively correlated with the number of surviving neurons counted in Nissl staining and negatively correlated with the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 evaluated in immunohistochemistry. Differentially expressed proteins in proteostasis network pathways were identified in the hippocampi of normal rats and sleep-deprived rats via mass spectrometry proteomics analysis, providing the biological basis for the change of the hippocampal APTw signal in sleep-deprived rats. These findings demonstrate that APTw imaging can detect hippocampal proteostasis disturbance induced by sleep deprivation and reflect the extent of neuronal injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Center
for Core Facilities, Shantou University
Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department
of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Wentao Xuan
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Xinhui Zheng
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Laboratory
of Molecular Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious
Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Geng Dong
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Informatics Research
Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515000, China
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4
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Filchenko I, Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Brain damage in sleep-disordered breathing: the role of glia (clinical aspects). Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:32-37. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212203132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Filchenko I, Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Brain damage in sleep-disordered breathing: the role of glia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:15-22. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212201115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Maeda T, Oniki K, Miike T. Sleep education in primary school prevents future school refusal behavior. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:1036-1042. [PMID: 31325196 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders, along with extreme difficulty in awakening, are one of the main causes of school refusal. The accumulation of chronic sleep deprivation accompanied by a late-night lifestyle is considered the basic inciting factor. METHODS From 2007, we initiated a sleep education program (Min-Iku) in Fukui, Japan, with the aim of improving pupil lifestyle and preventing future school refusal. All grade 1-6 Miyake-primary school (M-PS) pupils participated in this program and gave their informed consent. The Min-Iku included (i) implementation of a "daily life rhythm survey" by recording the sleep-wake rhythm in a table for 14 days; (ii) evaluation of the sleep table according to the classifications A-D; (iii) interviews of stage D children and their guardians; (iv) lectures on the importance of daily life rhythms for parents and teachers; and (v) 45 min classwork for all participating pupils. RESULTS In 2007, 10% of M-PS graduates developed school refusal behavior after entering Kaminaka junior high school (K-JHS). The incidence of school refusal, however, decreased each year after the implementation of the Min-Iku program and finally reached 0 by 2012. The sleep onset time of pupils improved each year, with the most common sleep time reaching 9:30 p.m. on both weekdays and holidays. With an earlier sleep time, the night-time sleep duration was significantly extended (P < 0.001 vs 2007 data). CONCLUSION The Min-Iku program for primary school pupils successfully achieved a more routine night-time sleep pattern and a regular life rhythm, which prevented school refusal during the subsequent JHS years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Miike
- Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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7
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Bordone MP, Salman MM, Titus HE, Amini E, Andersen JV, Chakraborti B, Diuba AV, Dubouskaya TG, Ehrke E, Espindola de Freitas A, Braga de Freitas G, Gonçalves RA, Gupta D, Gupta R, Ha SR, Hemming IA, Jaggar M, Jakobsen E, Kumari P, Lakkappa N, Marsh APL, Mitlöhner J, Ogawa Y, Paidi RK, Ribeiro FC, Salamian A, Saleem S, Sharma S, Silva JM, Singh S, Sulakhiya K, Tefera TW, Vafadari B, Yadav A, Yamazaki R, Seidenbecher CI. The energetic brain - A review from students to students. J Neurochem 2019; 151:139-165. [PMID: 31318452 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia-neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic ('housekeeping') cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non-neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Paula Bordone
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley E Titus
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Artem V Diuba
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatsiana G Dubouskaya
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Eric Ehrke
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andiara Espindola de Freitas
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richa Gupta
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sharon R Ha
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabel A Hemming
- Brain Growth and Disease Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Minal Jaggar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Punita Kumari
- Defense Institute of Physiology and allied sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS college of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Mitlöhner
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ahmad Salamian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suraiya Saleem
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sorabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joana M Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Shripriya Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Tesfaye Wolde Tefera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Behnam Vafadari
- Institute of environmental medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Reiji Yamazaki
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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DiNuzzo M, Walls AB, Öz G, Seaquist ER, Waagepetersen HS, Bak LK, Nedergaard M, Schousboe A. State-Dependent Changes in Brain Glycogen Metabolism. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 23:269-309. [PMID: 31667812 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27480-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of glycogen structure, concentration, polydispersity and turnover is critical to qualify the role of glycogen in the brain. These molecular and metabolic features are under the control of neuronal activity through the interdependent action of neuromodulatory tone, ionic homeostasis and availability of metabolic substrates, all variables that concur to define the state of the system. In this chapter, we briefly describe how glycogen responds to selected behavioral, nutritional, environmental, hormonal, developmental and pathological conditions. We argue that interpreting glycogen metabolism through the lens of brain state is an effective approach to establish the relevance of energetics in connecting molecular and cellular neurophysiology to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne B Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Coggan JS, Calì C, Keller D, Agus M, Boges D, Abdellah M, Kare K, Lehväslaiho H, Eilemann S, Jolivet RB, Hadwiger M, Markram H, Schürmann F, Magistretti PJ. A Process for Digitizing and Simulating Biologically Realistic Oligocellular Networks Demonstrated for the Neuro-Glio-Vascular Ensemble. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:664. [PMID: 30319342 PMCID: PMC6171468 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One will not understand the brain without an integrated exploration of structure and function, these attributes being two sides of the same coin: together they form the currency of biological computation. Accordingly, biologically realistic models require the re-creation of the architecture of the cellular components in which biochemical reactions are contained. We describe here a process of reconstructing a functional oligocellular assembly that is responsible for energy supply management in the brain and creating a computational model of the associated biochemical and biophysical processes. The reactions that underwrite thought are both constrained by and take advantage of brain morphologies pertaining to neurons, astrocytes and the blood vessels that deliver oxygen, glucose and other nutrients. Each component of this neuro-glio-vasculature ensemble (NGV) carries-out delegated tasks, as the dynamics of this system provide for each cell-type its own energy requirements while including mechanisms that allow cooperative energy transfers. Our process for recreating the ultrastructure of cellular components and modeling the reactions that describe energy flow uses an amalgam of state-of the-art techniques, including digital reconstructions of electron micrographs, advanced data analysis tools, computational simulations and in silico visualization software. While we demonstrate this process with the NGV, it is equally well adapted to any cellular system for integrating multimodal cellular data in a coherent framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Coggan
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Calì
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Agus
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,CRS4, Center of Research and Advanced Studies in Sardinia, Visual Computing, Pula, Italy
| | - Daniya Boges
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kalpana Kare
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heikki Lehväslaiho
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,CSC - IT Center for Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Eilemann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Blaise Jolivet
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,The European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Hadwiger
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schürmann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Coggan JS, Keller D, Calì C, Lehväslaiho H, Markram H, Schürmann F, Magistretti PJ. Norepinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis in astrocytes to fuel neurons with lactate. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006392. [PMID: 30161133 PMCID: PMC6160207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of rapid energy supply to the brain, especially to accommodate the heightened metabolic activity of excited states, is not well-understood. We explored the role of glycogen as a fuel source for neuromodulation using the noradrenergic stimulation of glia in a computational model of the neural-glial-vasculature ensemble (NGV). The detection of norepinephrine (NE) by the astrocyte and the coupled cAMP signal are rapid and largely insensitive to the distance of the locus coeruleus projection release sites from the glia, implying a diminished impact for volume transmission in high affinity receptor transduction systems. Glucosyl-conjugated units liberated from glial glycogen by NE-elicited cAMP second messenger transduction winds sequentially through the glycolytic cascade, generating robust increases in NADH and ATP before pyruvate is finally transformed into lactate. This astrocytic lactate is rapidly exported by monocarboxylate transporters to the associated neuron, demonstrating that the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle activated by glycogenolysis is a likely fuel source for neuromodulation and enhanced neural activity. Altogether, the energy supply for both astrocytes and neurons can be supplied rapidly by glycogenolysis upon neuromodulatory stimulus. Although efficient compared to computers, the human brain utilizes energy at 10-fold the rate of other organs by mass. How the brain is supplied with sufficient on-demand energy to support its activity in the absence of neuronal storage capacity remains unknown. Neurons are not capable of meeting their own energy requirements, instead energy supply in the brain is managed by an oligocellular cartel composed of neurons, glia and the local vasculature (NGV), wherein glia can provide the ergogenic metabolite lactate to the neuron in a process called the astrocyte-to-neuron shuttle (ANLS). The only means of energy storage in the brain is glycogen, a polymerized form of glucose that is localized largely to astrocytes, but its exact role and conditions of use are not clear. In this computational model we show that neuromodulatory stimulation by norepinephrine induces astrocytes to recover glucosyl subunits from glycogen for use in a glycolytic process that favors the production of lactate. The ATP and NADH produced support metabolism in the astrocyte while the lactate is exported to feed the neuron. Thus, rapid energy demands by both neurons and glia in a stimulated brain can be met by glycogen mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Coggan
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (JSC); (PJM)
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Calì
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heikki Lehväslaiho
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schürmann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (JSC); (PJM)
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