1
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Lee NY, Choi MG, Lee EJ, Koo JH. Interplay between YAP/TAZ and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression. Arch Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s12272-024-01501-5. [PMID: 38874747 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming an increasingly pressing global health challenge, with increasing mortality rates showing an upward trend. Two million deaths occur annually from cirrhosis and liver cancer together each year. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), key effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, critically regulate tissue homeostasis and disease progression in the liver. While initial studies have shown that YAP expression is normally restricted to cholangiocytes in healthy livers, the activation of YAP/TAZ is observed in other hepatic cells during chronic liver disease. The disease-driven dysregulation of YAP/TAZ appears to be a critical element in the MASLD progression, contributing to hepatocyte dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this study, we focused on the complex roles of YAP/TAZ in MASLD and explored how the YAP/TAZ dysregulation of YAP/TAZ drives steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Finally, the cell-type-specific functions of YAP/TAZ in different types of hepatic cells, such as hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, hepatic macrophages, and biliary epithelial cells are discussed, highlighting the multifaceted impact of YAP/TAZ on liver physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Myeung Gi Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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2
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Ren Z, Xu Z, Chang X, Liu J, Xiao W. STC1 competitively binding βPIX enhances melanoma progression via YAP nuclear translocation and M2 macrophage recruitment through the YAP/CCL2/VEGFA/AKT feedback loop. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107218. [PMID: 38768671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) in melanoma progression, with a focus on its impact on metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Systematic bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential influence of STC1 dysregulation on prognosis, immune cell infiltration, response to immune therapy, and cellular functions. In vitro assays were conducted to assess the proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis capabilities of A375 cells. In vivo experiments utilizing C57BL/6 J mice established a lung metastasis model using B16-F10 cells to evaluate macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization. A Transwell co-culture system was employed to explore the crosstalk between melanoma and macrophages. Molecular interactions among STC1, YAP, βPIX, and CCL2 are investigated using mass spectrometry, Co-Immunoprecipitation, Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments. STC1 was found to enhance lung metastasis by promoting the recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Mechanistically, STC1 competes with YAP for binding to βPIX within the KER domain in melanoma cells, leading to YAP activation and subsequent CCL2 upregulation. CCL2-induced M2 macrophages secrete VEGFA, which enhances tumor vascularization and increases STC1 expression via the AKT signaling pathway in melanoma cells, establishing a pro-metastatic feedback loop. Notably, STC1-induced YAP activation increases PD-L1 expression, promoting immune evasion. Silencing STC1 enhances the efficacy of PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy in mice. This research elucidates STC1's role in melanoma metastasis and its complex interactions with tumor-associated macrophages, proposing STC1 as a potential therapeutic target for countering melanoma metastasis and augmenting the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhou Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xiyue Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Wan'an Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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3
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Lu M, Zhu M, Wu Z, Liu W, Cao C, Shi J. The role of YAP/TAZ on joint and arthritis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23636. [PMID: 38752683 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common forms of arthritis with undefined etiology and pathogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which act as sensors for cellular mechanical and inflammatory cues, have been identified as crucial players in the regulation of joint homeostasis. Current studies also reveal a significant association between YAP/TAZ and the pathogenesis of OA and RA. The objective of this review is to elucidate the impact of YAP/TAZ on different joint tissues and to provide inspiration for further studying the potential therapeutic implications of YAP/TAZ on arthritis. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochran Library, and Embase, were searched for all available studies during the past two decades, with keywords "YAP," "TAZ," "OA," and "RA."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuwen Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Huang Q, Zhong X, Li J, Hu R, Yi J, Sun J, Xu Y, Zhou X. Exosomal ncRNAs: Multifunctional contributors to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116409. [PMID: 38460375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver cancer characterized by aggressive progression, unfavorable prognosis, and an increasing global health burden. Therapies that precisely target immunological checkpoints and immune cells have gained significant attention as possible therapeutics in recent years. In truth, the efficacy of immunotherapy is heavily contingent upon the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have indicated that exosomes serve as a sophisticated means of communication among biomolecules, executing an essential part in the TME of immune suppression. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can induce the activation of tumor cells and immunosuppressive immune cells that suppress the immune system, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), CD+8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and regulatory B cells (Bregs). This cell-cell crosstalk triggered by exosomal ncRNAs promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis, angiogenesis, malignant phenotype transformation, and drug resistance. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend how exosomal ncRNAs regulate tumor cells or immune cells within the TME to devise more comprehensive and productive immunotherapy programs. This study discusses the features of exosomal ncRNAs in HCC and how the activation of the exosomes redefines the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment, hence facilitating the advancement of HCC. Furthermore, we also explored the potential of exosomal ncRNAs as a viable biological target or natural vehicle for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jinyu Yi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China.
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China.
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5
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Khan F, Lin Y, Ali H, Pang L, Dunterman M, Hsu WH, Frenis K, Grant Rowe R, Wainwright DA, McCortney K, Billingham LK, Miska J, Horbinski C, Lesniak MS, Chen P. Lactate dehydrogenase A regulates tumor-macrophage symbiosis to promote glioblastoma progression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1987. [PMID: 38443336 PMCID: PMC10914854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Abundant macrophage infiltration and altered tumor metabolism are two key hallmarks of glioblastoma. By screening a cluster of metabolic small-molecule compounds, we show that inhibiting glioblastoma cell glycolysis impairs macrophage migration and lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor stiripentol emerges as the top hit. Combined profiling and functional studies demonstrate that lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-directed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activates yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcriptional co-activators in glioblastoma cells to upregulate C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL7, which recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. Reciprocally, infiltrating macrophages produce LDHA-containing extracellular vesicles to promote glioblastoma cell glycolysis, proliferation, and survival. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of LDHA-mediated tumor-macrophage symbiosis markedly suppresses tumor progression and macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma mouse models. Analysis of tumor and plasma samples of glioblastoma patients confirms that LDHA and its downstream signals are potential biomarkers correlating positively with macrophage density. Thus, LDHA-mediated tumor-macrophage symbiosis provides therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heba Ali
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lizhi Pang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Madeline Dunterman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Leah K Billingham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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6
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Liu M, Hu W, Meng X, Wang B. TEAD4: A key regulator of tumor metastasis and chemoresistance - Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189050. [PMID: 38072284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex process influenced by various factors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cell proliferation, tumor microenvironment, and cellular metabolic status, which remains a significant challenge in clinical oncology, accounting for a majority of cancer-related deaths. TEAD4, a key mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway, has been implicated in regulating these factors that are all critical in the metastatic cascade. TEAD4 drives tumor metastasis and chemoresistance, and its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in many types of cancers, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. TEAD4 promotes EMT by interacting with coactivators and activating the transcription of genes involved in mesenchymal cell characteristics and extracellular matrix remodeling. Additionally, TEAD4 enhances the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) by regulating the expression of genes associated with CSC maintenance. TEAD4 contributes to metastasis by modulating the secretion of paracrine factors and promoting heterotypic cellular communication. In this paper, we highlight the central role of TEAD4 in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance and its impact on various aspects of tumor biology. Understanding the mechanistic basis of TEAD4-mediated processes can facilitate the development of targeted therapies and combination approaches to combat cancer metastasis and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of General Practice, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaona Meng
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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7
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Thomann S, Metzler T, Tóth M, Schirmacher P, Mogler C. Immunologic landscape of human hepatic hemangiomas and epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0359. [PMID: 38206210 PMCID: PMC10786595 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The missing requirement for resection for the majority of hepatic hemangiomas (HH) and tissue scarcity for rare diseases such as hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (HEHE) complicate the characterization of the spatial immunovascular niche of these benign and malignant vascular neoplastic diseases. METHODS Two tissue cohorts containing 98 HHs and 13 HEHEs were used to study entity-specific and disease stage-specific endothelial cell (EC) phenotype and immune cell abundance. Using semiquantitative assessment, annotation-based cell classifiers, digital cell detection on whole slides, and tissue microarrays, we quantified 23 immunologic and vascular niche-associated markers and correlated this with clinicopathologic data. RESULTS Both HH and HEHE ECs were characterized by a CD31high, CD34high, FVIII-related antigenhigh expression phenotype with entity-specific expression differences of sinusoidal EC markers Stabilin1, Stabilin2, CD32, and Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptor 1 (LYVE-1). Cell detection identified an HH margin-prevailing immunologic response dominated by Myeloperoxidase+ (MPO+) macrophages, CD3+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, and B cells (CD20+, CD79A+). In HEHE, increased CD68+ and CD20+ cell demarcation of lesion margins was observed, while CD3+ and CD8+ T cells were equally detectable both marginally and intralesionally. Stage-specific pairwise correlation analysis of HH and HEHE revealed disease entity-specific immunologic infiltration patterns as seen by high CD117+ cell numbers in HH, while HEHE samples showed increased CD3+ T cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS ECs in HH and HEHE share a continuous EC expression phenotype, while the expression of sinusoidal EC markers is more highly retained in HEHE. These phenotypic differences are associated with a unique and disease-specific immunovascular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thomann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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8
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Wang H, Yu H, Huang T, Wang B, Xiang L. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in osteogenesis and macrophage polarization: Therapeutic implications in bone defect repair. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2528-2539. [PMID: 37554194 PMCID: PMC10404961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by diseases or surgery are a common clinical problem. Researchers are devoted to finding biological mechanisms that accelerate bone defect repair, which is a complex and continuous process controlled by many factors. As members of transcriptional costimulatory molecules, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play an important regulatory role in osteogenesis, and they affect cell function by regulating the expression of osteogenic genes in osteogenesis-related cells. Macrophages are an important group of cells whose function is regulated by YAP/TAZ. Currently, the relationship between YAP/TAZ and macrophage polarization has attracted increasing attention. In bone tissue, YAP/TAZ can realize diverse osteogenic regulation by mediating macrophage polarization. Macrophages polarize into M1 and M2 phenotypes under different stimuli. M1 macrophages dominate the inflammatory response by releasing a number of inflammatory mediators in the early phase of bone defect repair, while massive aggregation of M2 macrophages is beneficial for inflammation resolution and tissue repair, as they secrete many anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis-related cytokines. The mechanism of YAP/TAZ-mediated macrophage polarization during osteogenesis warrants further study and it is likely to be a promising strategy for bone defect repair. In this article, we review the effect of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling and macrophage polarization on bone defect repair, and highlight the regulation of macrophage polarization by YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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9
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Khan F, Lin Y, Ali H, Pang L, Dunterman M, Hsu WH, Frenis K, Rowe RG, Wainwright D, McCortney K, Billingham L, Miska J, Horbinski C, Lesniak M, Chen P. LDHA-regulated tumor-macrophage symbiosis promotes glioblastoma progression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3401154. [PMID: 37886538 PMCID: PMC10602051 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3401154/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Abundant macrophage infiltration and altered tumor metabolism are two key hallmarks of glioblastoma. By screening a cluster of metabolic small-molecule compounds, we show that inhibiting glioblastoma cell glycolysis impairs macrophage migration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor stiripentol (an FDA-approved anti-seizure drug for Dravet Syndrome) emerges as the top hit. Combined profiling and functional studies demonstrate that LDHA-directed ERK pathway activates YAP1/STAT3 transcriptional co-activators in glioblastoma cells to upregulate CCL2 and CCL7, which recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. Reciprocally, infiltrating macrophages produce LDHA-containing extracellular vesicles to promote glioblastoma cell glycolysis, proliferation, and survival. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of LDHA-mediated tumor-macrophage symbiosis markedly suppresses tumor progression and macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma mouse models. Analysis of tumor and plasma samples of glioblastoma patients confirms that LDHA and its downstream signals are potential biomarkers correlating positively with macrophage density. Thus, LDHA-mediated tumor-macrophage symbiosis provides therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiyu Lin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Heba Ali
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Lizhi Pang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | | | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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10
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Li J, Huang D, Zhao Y, Gao T, Zhuang Z, Cui Y, Zheng DY, Tang Y. Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages affecting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217400. [PMID: 37663266 PMCID: PMC10470150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the immune cell stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma. TAMs originate from monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and kupffer cells. The recruitment of monocytes to the HCC tumor microenvironment is facilitated by various factors, leading to their differentiation into TAMs with unique phenotypes. TAMs can directly activate or inhibit the nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6/signal transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1/bone morphogenetic protein, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways in tumor cells and interact with other immune cells via producing cytokines and extracellular vesicles, thus affecting carcinoma cell proliferation, invasive and migratory, angiogenesis, liver fibrosis progression, and other processes to participate in different stages of tumor progression. In recent years, TAMs have received much attention as a prospective treatment target for HCC. This review describes the origin and characteristics of TAMs and their mechanism of action in the occurrence and development of HCC to offer a theoretical foundation for further clinical research of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dailin Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Yong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatology, TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yang J, He J, Feng Y, Xiang M. Obesity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development via immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166440. [PMID: 37266440 PMCID: PMC10231659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the initiation of obesity-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with hepatic inflammation. However, the paradoxical role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of HCC is highlighted by the fact that the inflammatory HCC is accompanied by significant immune effector cells infiltration compared to non-inflammatory HCC and HCC with enhanced immune response exhibits better survival. Importantly, the cancer progression has been primarily attributed to the immunosuppression, which can also be induced by obesity. Furthermore, the increased risk of viral infection and thus viral-HCC in obese individuals supports the view that obesity contributes to HCC via immunosuppression. Here, we have reviewed the various mechanisms responsible for obesity-induced tumor immune microenvironment and immunosuppression in obesity-related HCC. We highlight that the obesity-induced immunosuppression originates from lipid disorder as well as metabolic reprogramming and propose potential therapeutic strategy for HCC based on the current success of immunotherapy.
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Gao Y, Yuan Y, Wen S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Jiang B, Ma S, Hu R, Fang C, Ruan X, Yuan Y, Fang X, Luo C, Meng Z, Wang X, Guo X. Dual role of ANGPTL8 in promoting tumor cell proliferation and immune escape during hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 37188659 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the tumor microenvironment is essential for hepatocarcinogenesis, but their contributions to HCC development are incompletely understood. We assessed the role of ANGPTL8, a protein secreted by HCC cells, in hepatocarcinogenesis and the mechanisms through which ANGPTL8 mediates crosstalk between HCC cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Immunohistochemical, Western blotting, RNA-Seq, and flow cytometry analyses of ANGPTL8 were performed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of ANGPTL8 in the progression of HCC. ANGPTL8 expression was positively correlated with tumor malignancy in HCC, and high ANGPTL8 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). ANGPTL8 promoted HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and ANGPTL8 KO inhibited the development of HCC in both DEN-induced and DEN-plus-CCL4-induced mouse HCC tumors. Mechanistically, the ANGPTL8-LILRB2/PIRB interaction promoted polarization of macrophages to the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype in macrophages and recruited immunosuppressive T cells. In hepatocytes, ANGPTL8-mediated stimulation of LILRB2/PIRB regulated the ROS/ERK pathway and upregulated autophagy, leading to the proliferation of HCC cells. Our data support the notion that ANGPTL8 has a dual role in promoting tumor cell proliferation and immune escape during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiu Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Yanghui Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Shinan Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuzhi Ruan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinggang Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China.
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, 442000, Shiyan, China.
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Yu W, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tian X, Miao Y, Meng F, Ma L, Zhang X, Xia J. YAP 5-methylcytosine modification increases its mRNA stability and promotes the transcription of exosome secretion-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:149-162. [PMID: 36123390 PMCID: PMC9842506 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
YAP is a transcriptional co-activator with critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, its upstream regulatory mechanism, especially how its mRNA stability is regulated, remains to be further studied. Here, we validated that YAP expression was higher in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and found that YAP m5C modification occurred in its 328-331 3' UTR region under the promotion NSUN2 and ALYREF, and increased the stability of YAP mRNA. This m5C modification also inhibited miR-582-3p binding and m6A modification in the nearby region. In addition, YAP m5C modification enhanced the exosome secretion effect, which was caused by two YAP-dependent transcription factors, Mycn and SOX10, and then stimulating the transcription of seven downstream exosome-promoting genes. Furthermore, we found that YAP m5C modification and its exosome-secretion-promoting function contributed to the malignant phenotype and AZD9291 (a third-generation EGFR-TKI) resistance of LUAD cells. Collectively, YAP is promoted by its m5C modification, and blocking YAP m5C modification will be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinjing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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Thomann S, Tóth M, Sprengel SD, Liermann J, Schirmacher P. Digital Staging of Hepatic Hemangiomas Reveals Spatial Heterogeneity in Endothelial Cell Composition and Vascular Senescence. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:531-541. [DOI: 10.1369/00221554221112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic hemangioma (HH) is the most common benign primary liver tumor; however, despite its high prevalence, a stage-specific classification of this tumor is currently missing. For a spatial stage-specific classification, a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 98 HHs and 80 hemangioma margins and 78 distant liver tissues was digitally analyzed for the expression of 16 functional and vascular niche-specific markers. For cross-correlation of histopathology and functional characteristics, computed tomography/MRI imaging data of 28 patients were analyzed. Functional and morphological analyses revealed a high level of intra- and interpatient heterogeneity, and morphological heterogeneity was observed with regard to cellularity, vascular diameter, and endothelial cell subtype composition. While regressed hemangiomas were characterized by low blood vessel density, low beta-catenin levels, and a microvascular phenotype, non-regressed HHs showed a pronounced cellular and architectural heterogeneity. Functionally, cellular senescence–associated p16 expression identified an HH subgroup with high vascular density and increased lymphatic endothelial cell content. Histological HH regions may be grouped into spatially defined morphological compartments that may reflect the current region-specific disease stage. The stage-specific classification of HHs with signs of regression and vascular senescence may allow a better disease course–based and cell state–based subtyping of these benign vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thomann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon David Sprengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Liermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Li W, Chang N, Li L. Heterogeneity and Function of Kupffer Cells in Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940867. [PMID: 35833135 PMCID: PMC9271789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are key regulators of liver immunity composing the principal part of hepatic macrophages even body tissue macrophages. They reside in liver sinusoids towards portal vein. The micro-environment shapes KCs unique immunosuppressive features and functions. KCs express specific surface markers that distinguish from other liver macrophages. By engulfing gut-derived foreign products and apoptotic cells without triggering excessive inflammation, KCs maintain homeostasis of liver and body. Heterogeneity of KCs has been identified in different studies. In terms of the origin, adult KCs are derived from progenitors of both embryo and adult bone marrow. Embryo-derived KCs compose the majority of KCs in healthy and maintain by self-renewal. Bone marrow monocytes replenish massively when embryo-derived KC proliferation are impaired. The phenotype of KCs is also beyond the traditional dogma of M1-M2. Functionally, KCs play central roles in pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver injury. They contribute to each pathological stage of liver disease. By initiating inflammation, regulating fibrosis, cirrhosis and tumor cell proliferation, KCs contribute to the resolution of liver injury and restoration of tissue architecture. The underlying mechanism varied by damage factors and pathology. Understanding the characteristics and functions of KCs may provide opportunities for the therapy of liver injury. Herein, we attempt to afford insights on heterogeneity and functions of KCs in liver injury using the existing findings.
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16
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Hsu SC, Lin CY, Lin YY, Collins CC, Chen CL, Kung HJ. TEAD4 as an Oncogene and a Mitochondrial Modulator. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890419. [PMID: 35602596 PMCID: PMC9117765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TEAD4 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 4) is well recognized as the DNA-anchor protein of YAP transcription complex, which is modulated by Hippo, a highly conserved pathway in Metazoa that controls organ size through regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. To acquire full transcriptional activity, TEAD4 requires co-activator, YAP (Yes-associated protein) or its homolog TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) the signaling hub that relays the extracellular stimuli to the transcription of target genes. Growing evidence suggests that TEAD4 also exerts its function in a YAP-independent manner through other signal pathways. Although TEAD4 plays an essential role in determining that differentiation fate of the blastocyst, it also promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. Upregulation of TEAD4 has been reported in several cancers, including colon cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer and serves as a valuable prognostic marker. Recent studies show that TEAD4, but not other members of the TEAD family, engages in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and cell metabolism by modulating the expression of mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded electron transport chain genes. TEAD4’s functions including oncogenic activities are tightly controlled by its subcellular localization. As a predominantly nuclear protein, its cytoplasmic translocation is triggered by several signals, such as osmotic stress, cell confluency, and arginine availability. Intriguingly, TEAD4 is also localized in mitochondria, although the translocation mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we describe the current understanding of TEAD4 as an oncogene, epigenetic regulator and mitochondrial modulator. The contributing mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Chen
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chen, ; Hsing-Jien Kung,
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chen, ; Hsing-Jien Kung,
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Fan T, Li S, Li K, Xu J, Zhao S, Li J, Zhou X, Jiang H. A Potential Prognostic Marker for Recognizing VEGF-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Magnetic Resonance Radiomics Signature. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857715. [PMID: 35444942 PMCID: PMC9013965 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of our project is to explore a noninvasive radiomics model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could recognize the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma before operation. Methods 202 patients with proven single HCC were enlisted and stochastically distributed into a training set (n = 142) and a test set (n = 60). Arterial phase, portal venous phase, balanced phase, delayed phase, and hepatobiliary phase images were used to radiomics features extraction. We retrieved 1906 radiomic features from each phase of every participant’s MRI images. The F-test was applied to choose the crucial features. A logistic regression model was adopted to generate a radiomics signature. By combining independent risk indicators from the fusion radiomics signature and clinico-radiological features, we developed a multivariable logistic regression model that could predict the VEGF status preoperatively through calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Results The entire group comprised 108 VEGF-positive individuals and 94 VEGF-negative patients. AUCs of 0.892 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.839 - 0.945) in the training dataset and 0.800 (95% CI: 0.682 - 0.918) in the test dataset were achieved by utilizing radiomics features from two phase images (8 features from the portal venous phase and 5 features from the hepatobiliary phase). Furthermore, the nomogram relying on a combined model that included the clinical factors α-fetoprotein (AFP), irregular tumor margin, and the fusion radiomics signature performed well in both the training (AUC = 0.936, 95% CI: 0.898-0.974) and test (AUC = 0.836, 95% CI: 0.728-0.944) datasets. Conclusions The combined model acquired from two phase (portal venous and hepatobiliary phase) pictures of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI could be considered as a credible prognostic marker for the level of VEGF in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jingxu Xu
- Department of Research Collaboration, Research and Development (R&D) Center, Beijing Deepwise & League of Doctor of Philosophy (PHD) Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- Department of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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18
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Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities for New Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073778. [PMID: 35409139 PMCID: PMC8998420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of liver cancer is constantly rising, with increasing incidence and mortality in Europe and the USA in recent decades. Among the different subtypes of liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly diagnosed liver cancer. Besides advances in diagnosis and promising results of pre-clinical studies, HCC remains a highly lethal disease. In many cases, HCC is an effect of chronic liver inflammation, which leads to the formation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of immune and stromal cells. The TME of HCC patients is a challenge for therapies, as it is involved in metastasis and the development of resistance. However, given that the TME is an intricate system of immune and stromal cells interacting with cancer cells, new immune-based therapies are being developed to target the TME of HCC. Therefore, understanding the complexity of the TME in HCC will provide new possibilities to design novel and more effective immunotherapeutics and combinatorial therapies to overcome resistance to treatment. In this review, we describe the role of inflammation during the development and progression of HCC by focusing on TME. We also describe the most recent therapeutic advances for HCC and possible combinatorial treatment options.
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Xu Y, Zeng H, Jin K, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Chang Y, Xu J. Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages expressing interlukin-10 conferred poor prognosis and therapeutic vulnerability in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003416. [PMID: 35338085 PMCID: PMC8961180 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) secreting IL-10 could be a specific functional cell subset with distinct polarization state and suppressive role in antitumor immune response. Here, we assessed the associations of clinical outcome, therapeutic responses and molecular features with IL-10+TAMs infiltration, and potential impact of IL-10+TAMs on the immune contexture in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods In this retrospective study, 128 patients and 391 patients with MIBC from Zhongshan hospital (ZS cohort) and The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort were included respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify various immune cell infiltration in the ZS cohort. Single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to examine the functional status of IL-10+TAMs and its correlation with other immune cells. Survival analyses and assessment of the adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) benefit analyses were also performed. Results High IL-10+TAMs infiltration was associated with inferior prognosis in terms of overall survival and recurrence-free survival, but superior chemotherapeutic response in MIBC. IL-10+TAMs with suppressive features were associated with immunoevasive tumor microenviroment characterized by exhausted CD8+ T cells, immature NK cells and increased immune checkpoint expression. Additionally, high IL-10+TAMs infiltration showed a strong linkage with basal-featured subtype and augmented EGF signaling. Conclusions Immunosuppresive IL-10+TAMs contributed to an evasive contexture with incapacitated immune effector cells and increased immune checkpoint expression, therefore, predicting unfavorable clinical outcomes despite better ACT responsiveness. IL-10+TAMs might provide guidance for customized selection of EGFR-targeted therapy, FGFR3-targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy. The potential of immunosuppressive IL-10+TAMs as a therapeutic target is worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaifeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaopei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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