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Liu X, Cai YD, Chiu JC. Regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation by circadian, metabolic, and cellular signals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105616. [PMID: 38159854 PMCID: PMC10810748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates thousands of proteins and almost all cellular processes. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation is highly nutrient-sensitive since it is dependent on UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). We previously observed daily rhythmicity of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a Drosophila model that is sensitive to the timing of food consumption. We showed that the circadian clock is pivotal in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythms given its control of the feeding-fasting cycle and hence nutrient availability. Interestingly, we reported that the circadian clock also modulates daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm by regulating molecular mechanisms beyond the regulation of food consumption time. A large body of work now indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is likely a generalized cellular status effector as it responds to various cellular signals and conditions, such as ER stress, apoptosis, and infection. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation through nutrient availability, HBP enzymes, and O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. We discuss the emerging roles of circadian clocks in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm. Finally, we provide an overview of other cellular signals or conditions that impact O-GlcNAcylation. Many of these cellular pathways are themselves regulated by the clock and/or metabolism. Our review highlights the importance of maintaining optimal O-GlcNAc rhythm by restricting eating activity to the active period under physiological conditions and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets of O-GlcNAc homeostasis under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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Dumančić D, Stupin A, Kožul M, Šerić V, Kibel A, Goswami N, Brix B, Debeljak Ž, Scitovski R, Drenjančević I. Increased cerebral vascular resistance underlies preserved cerebral blood flow in response to orthostasis in humans on a high-salt diet. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:923-933. [PMID: 36598577 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow autoregulation protects brain tissue from blood pressure variations and maintains cerebral perfusion pressure by changes in vascular resistance. High salt (HS) diet impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in many vascular beds, including cerebral microcirculation, and may affect vascular resistance. The aim of present study was to determine if 7-day HS diet affected the reactivity of middle cerebral artery (MCA) to orthostatic challenge in healthy human individuals, and if autoregulatory mechanisms and sympathetic neural regulation were involved in this phenomenon.Twenty-seven persons participated in study (F:21, M:6, age range 19-24). Participants consumed 7-day low-salt (LS) diet (< 2.3 g kitchen salt/day) and afterwards 7-day HS diet (> 11.2 g kitchen salt/day). Blood and urine analysis and anthropometric measurements were performed after each diet. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability, and cerebral and systemic hemodynamic parameters were recorded simultaneously with transcranial Doppler ultrasound and The Task Force® Monitor in response to orthostatic test.Participants remained normotensive during HS diet. Following both, the LS and HS dietary protocols, mean cerebral blood flow (CBF), as well as the velocity time integral and diastolic blood pressure decreased, and cerebral pulsatility index increased after rising up. Importantly, cerebrovascular resistance significantly increased in response to orthostasis only after HS diet. Urine concentration of noradrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and sympathetic neural control was significantly decreased in HS diet.Results suggest that CBF in response to orthostatic test was preserved in HS condition due to altered vascular reactivity of MCA, with increased cerebrovascular resistance and blunted BRS and sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Dumančić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Kožul
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vatroslav Šerić
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Heart and Vascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Brix
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rudolf Scitovski
- Department of Mathematics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
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Yu J, Zhu H, Kindy MS, Taheri S. The impact of a high-sodium diet regimen on cerebrovascular morphology and cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 4:100161. [PMID: 36741272 PMCID: PMC9895990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Various lifestyle factors such as chronic hypertension and a high-sodium diet regimen are shown to impact cerebrovascular morphology and structure. Unusual cerebrovascular morphological and structural changes may contribute to cerebral hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study was to examine whether a high-sodium diet mediates cerebrovascular morphology and cerebral perfusion alterations in AD. Methods Double transgenic mice harboring Aβ precursor protein (APPswe) and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) along with wild-type controls were divided into four groups. Group A (APP/PS1) and B (controls) were both fed a high-sodium (4.00%), while group C (APP/PS1) and D (controls) were both fed a low-sodium (0.08% a regular chow diet) for three months. Then, changes in regional cerebral perfusion and diffusion, cerebrovascular morphology, and structure were quantified. Results A 3-month high-sodium diet causes pyknosis and deep staining in hippocampal neurons and reduced vascular density in both hippocampal and cortical areas (p <0.001) of APP/PS1. Despite vascular density changes, cerebral perfusion was not increased markedly (p = 0.3) in this group, though it was increased more in wild-type controls (p = 0.022). Conclusion A high-sodium diet regimen causes cerebrovascular morphology alteration in APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Saeid Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,USF Heart Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 30, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Anwar F, Omar Asar T, Al-Abassi FA, Kumar V, Alhayyani S. Natural sea salt in diet ameliorates better protection compared to table salt in the doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2154491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abassi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Rossitto G, Delles C. Mechanisms of sodium-mediated injury in cardiovascular disease: old play, new scripts. FEBS J 2022; 289:7260-7273. [PMID: 34355504 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong association between salt intake and cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, on the population level. The mechanisms that explain this association remain incompletely understood and appear to extend beyond blood pressure. In this review, we describe some of the 'novel' roles of Na+ in cardiovascular health and disease: energetic implications of sodium handling in the kidneys; local accumulation in tissue; fluid dynamics; and the role of the microvasculature, with particular focus on the lymphatic system. We describe the interplay between these factors that involves body composition, metabolic signatures, inflammation and composition of the extracellular and intracellular milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossitto
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Could salt intake directly affect the cerebral microvasculature in hypertension? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106632. [PMID: 35870266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess dietary salt and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are acknowledged stroke risk factors. The development of small vessel disease, similarly affecting the cerebral and renal microvasculatures, may be an important mechanistic link underlying this interaction. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate if the dietary salt intake and markers of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria) relate to transcranial Doppler (TCD) markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six hypertensive patients (57% with diabetes) underwent TCD monitoring in the middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral arteries for evaluating neurovascular coupling (NVC), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), and vasoreactivity to carbon dioxide (VRCO2). We investigated the relation between renal parameters and TCD studies using Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses. RESULTS There were no associations between dCA, VRCO2, NVC, and renal function tests. However, there was a negative association between the daily salt intake and the natural frequency during visual stimulation (r2=0.101, ß=-0.340, p=0.035), indicative of increased rigidity of the cerebral resistance vessels that react to cognitive activation. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study, we found an association between excess dietary salt consumption and CSVD in hypertensive patients. Future research is needed to evaluate whether the natural frequency could be an early, non-invasive, surrogate marker for microvascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Lansdell TA, Chambers LC, Dorrance AM. Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3449-3508. [PMID: 35766836 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Stock JM, Chelimsky G, Edwards DG, Farquhar WB. Dietary sodium and health: How much is too much for those with orthostatic disorders? Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102947. [PMID: 35131651 PMCID: PMC9296699 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High dietary salt (NaCl) increases blood pressure (BP) and can adversely impact multiple target organs including the vasculature, heart, kidneys, brain, autonomic nervous system, skin, eyes, and bone. However, patients with orthostatic disorders are told to increase their NaCl intake to help alleviate symptoms. While there is evidence to support the short-term benefits of increasing NaCl intake in these patients, there are few studies assessing the benefits and side effects of long-term high dietary NaCl. The evidence reviewed suggests that high NaCl can adversely impact multiple target organs, often independent of BP. However, few of these studies have been performed in patients with orthostatic disorders. We conclude that the recommendation to increase dietary NaCl in patients with orthostatic disorders should be done with care, keeping in mind the adverse impact on dietary NaCl in people without orthostatic disorders. Modest, rather than robust, increases in NaCl intake may be sufficient to alleviate symptoms but also minimize any long-term negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Stock
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Gisela Chelimsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America.
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Liu W, Huang X, Liu X, Wang L, Chen Z, Ortega D, Chen L, Sun J, Hatsukami TS, Yuan C, Li H, Yang J. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cerebrovascular health: a multimodal imaging study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4555-4563. [PMID: 34146142 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary sodium and potassium intake are associated with stroke, but the potential mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to study the association between sodium and potassium intake and subclinical cerebrovascular health in hypertensive older males using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS A total of 189 hypertensive male subjects without previous cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease were included. Daily urinary sodium and potassium excretion were estimated from a fasting spot urine sample using a formula approach. A dedicated cerebrovascular health imaging protocol including vessel wall imaging, angiography, arterial spin labeling imaging and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging was performed to study intracranial atherosclerosis, vascular rarefaction (defined as fewer discernible vessels on angiography), brain perfusion and small vessel disease, respectively. RESULTS The mean age was 64.9 (± 7.2) years. The average daily urinary and potassium excretion was 4.7 (± 1.4) g/L and 2.1 (± 0.5) g/L, respectively. Increased urinary sodium excretion was associated with decreased cerebral blood flow and elevated urinary potassium excretion was associated with reduced prevalence of intracranial plaque. The associations remained significant after adjusting for covariates, even including blood pressure control. Quadratic regression analysis indicated a marginally significant U-shaped association between urinary sodium intake and white matter hyperintensity, which lost significance in fully adjusted models. No significant association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with other cerebrovascular health measures was noted. CONCLUSION We concluded that in hypertensive older males without overt cardiovascular disease, increased sodium intake and reduced potassium intake are associated with impaired subclinical cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262# Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262# Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhensen Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dakota Ortega
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas S Hatsukami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chun Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haige Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121# Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262# Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Migdal KU, Robinson AT, Watso JC, Babcock MC, Lennon SL, Martens CR, Serrador JM, Farquhar WB. Ten days of high dietary sodium does not impair cerebral blood flow regulation in healthy adults. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102826. [PMID: 34058717 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High dietary sodium impairs cerebral blood flow regulation in rodents and is associated with increased stroke risk in humans. However, the effects of multiple days of high dietary sodium on cerebral blood flow regulation in humans is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether ten days of high dietary sodium impairs cerebral blood flow regulation. Ten participants (3F/7M; age: 30 ± 10 years; blood pressure (BP): 113 ± 8/62 ± 9 mmHg) participated in this randomized, cross-over design study. Participants were placed on 10-day diets that included either low- (1000 mg/d), medium- (2300 mg/d) or high- (7000 mg/d) sodium separated by ≥four weeks. Urinary sodium excretion, beat-to-beat BP (finger photoplethysmography), middle cerebral artery velocity (transcranial Doppler), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (capnography) was measured. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation during a ten-minute baseline was calculated and cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by determining the percent change in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity to hypercapnia (8% CO2, 21% oxygen, balance nitrogen) and hypocapnia (via mild hyperventilation). Urinary sodium excretion increased in a stepwise manner (ANOVA P = 0.001) from the low, to medium, to high condition. There were no differences in dynamic cerebral autoregulation between conditions. While there was a trend for a difference during cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia (ANOVA P = 0.06), this trend was abolished when calculating cerebrovascular conductance (ANOVA: P = 0.28). There were no differences in cerebrovascular reactivity (ANOVA P = 0.57) or conductance (ANOVA: P = 0.73) during hypocapnia. These data suggest that ten days of a high sodium diet does not impair cerebral blood flow regulation in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila U Migdal
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America; School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Joseph C Watso
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Matthew C Babcock
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Shannon L Lennon
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Jorge M Serrador
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America.
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Xiao G, Zhang M, Peng X, Jiang G. Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:128-141. [PMID: 33817305 PMCID: PMC7968537 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current research aims to examine whether protocatechuic acid (PCA) can be used as a therapeutic agent for the development of cerebral aneurysm (CA) and to elucidate the mechanisms behind this. We assessed the effects of PCA at 50 and 100 mg/kg on the activation of signaling pathways for tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α/nuclear factor (NF)-κB/nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf-2) on progression and development in an elastase-induced CA model, accompanied by a high-salt diet to induce hypertension. The expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins (IL)-8, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed by ELISA, western blot, and reverse transcriptase quantative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and translocation of Nrf-2 were also determined. The group treated with PCA demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the aneurysmal size in rats compared to the CA-induced group. We found that PCA treatment suppressed the invasion of macrophage and activation of TNF-α/NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. We found that PCA treatment exerts protective effects by suppressing the development and progression of CA through the inhibition of inflammatory responses in macrophages via TNF-α/NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways, thus demonstrating that PCA can act as a treatment for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi 7 Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi 7 Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi 7 Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, People’s Republic of China
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Lobov GI, Ivanova GT. Regulation of Arterial Tone in Rats
Fed a Long-Term High-Salt Diet. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Kozina N, Mihaljević Z, Lončar MB, Mihalj M, Mišir M, Radmilović MD, Justić H, Gajović S, Šešelja K, Bazina I, Horvatić A, Matić A, Bijelić N, Rođak E, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. Impact of High Salt Diet on Cerebral Vascular Function and Stroke in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N Knockout and WT (C57BL/6N) Control Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205188. [PMID: 31635131 PMCID: PMC6829871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt (HS) dietary intake leads to impaired vascular endothelium-dependent responses to various physiological stimuli, some of which are mediated by arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. Transgenic Tff3−/− gene knockout mice (Tff3−/−/C57BL/6N) have changes in lipid metabolism which may affect vascular function and outcomes of stroke. We aimed to study the effects of one week of HS diet (4% NaCl) on vascular function and stroke induced by transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery in Tff3−/− and wild type (WT/C57BL/6N) mice. Flow-induced dilation (FID) of carotid artery was reduced in WT-HS mice, but not affected in Tff3−/−-HS mice. Nitric oxide (NO) mediated FID. NO production was decreased with HS diet. On the contrary, acetylcholine-induced dilation was significantly decreased in Tff3−/− mice on both diets and WT-HS mice. HS intake and Tff3 gene depletion affected the structural components of the vessels. Proteomic analysis revealed a significant effect of Tff3 gene deficiency on HS diet-induced changes in neuronal structural proteins and acute innate immune response proteins’ expression and Tff3 depletion, but HS diet did not increase the stroke volume, which is related to proteome modification and upregulation of genes involved mainly in cellular antioxidative defense. In conclusion, Tff3 depletion seems to partially impair vascular function and worsen the outcomes of stroke, which is moderately affected by HS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Kozina
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mirela Baus Lončar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine; Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Dept of Dermatology and Venerology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mihael Mišir
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Neurology Clinic, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Marina Dobrivojević Radmilović
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia, Šalata 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Helena Justić
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia, Šalata 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Srećko Gajović
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia, Šalata 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kate Šešelja
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine; Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Iva Bazina
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine; Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Proteomics laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55 HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anita Matić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Bijelić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Histology and Embriology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Edi Rođak
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Histology and Embriology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Institute and Dept of Physiology and Immunology, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Excess sodium from dietary salt (NaCl) is linked to elevations in blood pressure (BP). However, salt sensitivity of BP varies widely between individuals and there are data suggesting that salt adversely affects target organs, irrespective of BP. RECENT FINDINGS High dietary salt has been shown to adversely affect the vasculature, heart, kidneys, skin, brain, and bone. Common mediators of the target organ dysfunction include heightened inflammation and oxidative stress. These physiological alterations may contribute to disease development over time. Despite the adverse effects of salt on BP and several organ systems, there is controversy surrounding lower salt intakes and cardiovascular outcomes. Our goal here is to review the physiology contributing to BP-independent effects of salt and address the controversy around lower salt intakes and cardiovascular outcomes. We will also address the importance of background diet in modulating the effects of dietary salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Robinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 South College Avenue, 201M, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 South College Avenue, 201M, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 South College Avenue, 201M, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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