1
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Yang Z, Li J, Xiao R, Zhang C, Ma X, Du G, Li G, Jiang L. Losses of low-germinating, slow-growing species prevent grassland composition recovery from nutrient amendment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17264. [PMID: 38556774 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment often alters the biomass and species composition of plant communities, but the extent to which these changes are reversible after the cessation of nutrient addition is not well-understood. Our 22-year experiment (15 years for nutrient addition and 7 years for recovery), conducted in an alpine meadow, showed that soil nitrogen concentration and pH recovered rapidly after cessation of nutrient addition. However, this was not accompanied by a full recovery of plant community composition. An incomplete recovery in plant diversity and a directional shift in species composition from grass dominance to forb dominance were observed 7 years after the nutrient addition ended. Strikingy, the historically dominant sedges with low germination rate and slow growth rate and nitrogen-fixing legumes with low germination rate were unable to re-establish after nutrient addition ceased. By contrast, rapid recovery of aboveground biomass was observed after nutrient cessation as the increase in forb biomass only partially compensated for the decline in grass biomass. These results indicate that anthropogenic nutrient input can have long-lasting effects on the structure, but not the soil chemistry and plant biomass, of grassland communities, and that the recovery of soil chemical properties and plant biomass does not necessarily guarantee the restoration of plant community structure. These findings have important implications for the management and recovery of grassland communities, many of which are experiencing alterations in resource input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junyong Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Dabieshan National Observation and Research Field Station of Forest Ecosystem, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Du
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoyong Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Dabieshan National Observation and Research Field Station of Forest Ecosystem, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Manninen OH, Myrsky E, Tolvanen A, Stark S. N-fertilization and disturbance exert long-lasting complex legacies on subarctic ecosystems. Oecologia 2024; 204:689-704. [PMID: 38478083 PMCID: PMC10980618 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Subarctic ecosystems are subjected to increasing nitrogen (N) enrichment and disturbances that induce particularly strong effects on plant communities when occurring in combination. There is little experimental evidence on the longevity of these effects. We applied N-fertilization (40 kg urea-N ha-1 year-1 for 4 years) and disturbance (removal of vegetation and organic soil layer on one occasion) in two plant communities in a subarctic forest-tundra ecotone in northern Finland. Within the first four years, N-fertilization and disturbance increased the share of deciduous dwarf shrubs and graminoids at the expense of evergreen dwarf shrubs. Individual treatments intensified the other's effect resulting in the strongest increase in graminoids under combined N-fertilization and disturbance. The re-analysis of the plant communities 15 years after cessation of N-fertilization showed an even higher share of graminoids. 18 years after disturbance, the total vascular plant abundance was still substantially lower and the share of graminoids higher. At the same point, the plant community composition was the same under disturbance as under combined N-fertilization and disturbance, indicating that multiple perturbations no longer reinforced the other's effect. Yet, complex interactions between N-fertilization and disturbance were still detected in the soil. We found higher organic N under disturbance and lower microbial N under combined N-fertilization and disturbance, which suggests a lower bioavailability of N sources for soil microorganisms. Our findings support that the effects of enhanced nutrients and disturbance on subarctic vegetation persist over decadal timescales. However, they also highlight the complexity of plant-soil interactions that drive subarctic ecosystem responses to multiple perturbations across varying timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi H Manninen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Pohjoisranta 4, 96100, Rovaniemi, Finland.
| | - Eero Myrsky
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Pohjoisranta 4, 96100, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resource Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksen Tie 3, 90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sari Stark
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Pohjoisranta 4, 96100, Rovaniemi, Finland
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3
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Eskelinen A, Jessen MT, Bahamonde HA, Bakker JD, Borer ET, Caldeira MC, Harpole WS, Jia M, Lannes LS, Nogueira C, Olde Venterink H, Peri PL, Porath-Krause AJ, Seabloom EW, Schroeder K, Tognetti PM, Yasui SLE, Virtanen R, Sullivan LL. Herbivory and nutrients shape grassland soil seed banks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3949. [PMID: 37402739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and shifts in herbivory can lead to dramatic changes in the composition and diversity of aboveground plant communities. In turn, this can alter seed banks in the soil, which are cryptic reservoirs of plant diversity. Here, we use data from seven Nutrient Network grassland sites on four continents, encompassing a range of climatic and environmental conditions, to test the joint effects of fertilization and aboveground mammalian herbivory on seed banks and on the similarity between aboveground plant communities and seed banks. We find that fertilization decreases plant species richness and diversity in seed banks, and homogenizes composition between aboveground and seed bank communities. Fertilization increases seed bank abundance especially in the presence of herbivores, while this effect is smaller in the absence of herbivores. Our findings highlight that nutrient enrichment can weaken a diversity maintaining mechanism in grasslands, and that herbivory needs to be considered when assessing nutrient enrichment effects on seed bank abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Eskelinen
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Maria-Theresa Jessen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Hector A Bahamonde
- Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National University of La Plata, Av. 60 y 119, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Meiyu Jia
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing City, 100875, China
| | - Luciola S Lannes
- Department of Biology and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Ilha Solteira, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Carla Nogueira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pablo L Peri
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INTA), Southern Patagonia National University (UNPA), CONICET, Río Gallegos, (CP 9400), Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Anita J Porath-Krause
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Katie Schroeder
- University of Minnesota, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30603, USA
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martin, 4453 C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Simone-Louise E Yasui
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauren L Sullivan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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4
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Werner CM, Tuomi M, Eskelinen A. Trait-based responses to cessation of nutrient enrichment in a tundra plant community. Oecologia 2021; 197:675-684. [PMID: 34716491 PMCID: PMC8585805 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant communities worldwide show varied responses to nutrient enrichment-including shifts in species identity, decreased diversity, and changes in functional trait composition-but the factors determining community recovery after the cessation of nutrient addition remain uncertain. We manipulated nutrient levels in a tundra community for 6 years of nutrient addition followed by 8 years of recovery. We examined how community recovery was mediated by traits related to plant resource-use strategy and plant ability to modify their environment. Overall, we observed persistent effects of fertilization on plant communities. We found that plants with fast-growing traits, including higher specific leaf area, taller stature and lower foliar C:N, were more likely to show a persistent increase in fertilized plots than control plots, maintaining significantly higher cover in fertilized plots 8 years after cessation of fertilization. Additionally, although graminoids responded most strongly to the initial fertilization treatment, forb species were more vulnerable to fertilization effects in the long-term, showing persistent decline and no recovery in 8 years. Finally, these persistent fertilization effects were accompanied by modified environmental conditions, including persistent increases in litter depth and soil phosphorous and lower soil C:N. Our results demonstrate the potential for lasting effects of nutrient enrichment in nutrient-limited systems and identify species traits related to rapid growth and nutrient-use efficiency as the main predictors of the persistence of nutrient enrichment effects. These findings highlight the usefulness of trait-based approach for understanding the persistent feedbacks of nutrient enrichment, plant dynamics, and niche construction via litter and nutrient build-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya M Werner
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromso, Norway
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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5
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Brigham LM, Bueno de Mesquita CP, Smith JG, Sartwell SA, Schmidt SK, Suding KN. Do plant-soil interactions influence how the microbial community responds to environmental change? Ecology 2021; 103:e03554. [PMID: 34622953 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Global change alters ecosystems and their functioning, and biotic interactions can either buffer or amplify such changes. We utilized a long-term nitrogen (N) addition and species removal experiment in the Front Range of Colorado, USA to determine whether a codominant forb and a codominant grass, with different effects on nutrient cycling and plant community structure, would buffer or amplify the effects of simulated N deposition on soil bacterial and fungal communities. While the plant community was strongly shaped by both the presence of dominant species and N addition, we did not find a mediating effect of the plant community on soil microbial response to N. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found a decoupling of the plant and microbial communities such that the soil microbial community shifted under N independently of directional shifts in the plant community. These findings suggest there are not strong cascading effects of N deposition across the plant-soil interface in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Brigham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
| | - Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
| | - Jane G Smith
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
| | - Samuel A Sartwell
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
| | - Steven K Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
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6
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Nutrient effects on aquatic litter decomposition of free-floating plants are species dependent. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Cui H, Sun W, Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Song W, Ma J, Wang K, Ling X. Cascading effects of N fertilization activate biologically driven mechanisms promoting P availability in a semi‐arid grassland ecosystem. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Wenzheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jian‐Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains Ministry of Education School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Keying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xiaoli Ling
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
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8
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van Paassen JG, Britton AJ, Mitchell RJ, Street LE, Johnson D, Coupar A, Woodin SJ. Legacy effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on vegetation and carbon stocks of upland heaths. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:226-237. [PMID: 32432343 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon (C) pools and plant community composition are regulated by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Atmospheric N deposition impacts ecosystem C storage, but the direction of response varies between systems. Phosphorus limitation may constrain C storage response to N, hence P application to increase plant productivity and thus C sequestration has been suggested. We revisited a 23-yr-old field experiment where N and P had been applied to upland heath, a widespread habitat supporting large soil C stocks. At 10 yr after the last nutrient application we quantified long-term changes in vegetation composition and in soil and vegetation C and P stocks. Nitrogen addition, particularly when combined with P, strongly influenced vegetation composition, favouring grasses over Calluna vulgaris, and led to a reduction in vegetation C stocks. However, soil C stocks did not respond to nutrient treatments. We found 40% of the added P had accumulated in the soil. This study showed persistent effects of N and N + P on vegetation composition, whereas effects of P alone were small and showed recovery. We found no indication that P application could mitigate the effects of N on vegetation or increase C sequestration in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G van Paassen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Andrea J Britton
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Ruth J Mitchell
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Lorna E Street
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew Coupar
- Scottish Natural Heritage, The Links, Golspie, KW10 6UB, UK
| | - Sarah J Woodin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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9
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Mao R, Zhang XH, Song CC. Chronic nitrogen addition promotes dissolved organic carbon accumulation in a temperate freshwater wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114030. [PMID: 32004965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperate wetlands have been undergoing increased nitrogen (N) inputs in the past decades, yet its influence on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics is still elusive in these ecosystems. Here, using a field multi-level N addition (0, 6, 12, and 24 g N m-2 year-1) experiment, we investigated the changes in aboveground plant biomass, DOC production from plant litters, DOC biodegradation, and DOC concentration in surface water and soil pore water (0-15 cm depth) following 10 years of N addition in a freshwater marsh of Northeast China. We observed that, irrespective of N addition levels, N addition caused an increase in DOC production from plant litters under both non-flooded and flooded conditions. Conversely, DOC biodegradation was inhibited by N addition in both surface water and soil pore water. Because of enhanced DOC production from plant litters and declined DOC biodegradation, N addition elevated DOC concentration in surface water and soil pore water across the growing season. In addition, long-term N addition increased aboveground plant biomass, but decreased species richness. Our results suggest that long-term N enrichment promotes DOC accumulation through the contrasting effects on litter-derived DOC production and microbial decomposition of DOC in temperate wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Xin-Hou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chang-Chun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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10
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Roos RE, Birkemoe T, Asplund J, Ľuptáčik P, Raschmanová N, Alatalo JM, Olsen SL, Klanderud K. Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro‐arthropod communities. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Erik Roos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
| | - Johan Asplund
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
| | - Peter Ľuptáčik
- Institute of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice Slovakia
| | - Natália Raschmanová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice Slovakia
| | - Juha M. Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
- Environmental Science Center Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Siri Lie Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo0349Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
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11
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Britton AJ, Gibbs S, Fisher JM, Helliwell RC. Impacts of nitrogen deposition on carbon and nitrogen cycling in alpine Racomitrium heath in the UK and prospects for recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112986. [PMID: 31394340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) is a major threat to terrestrial ecosystems associated with impacts on ecosystem properties and functions including carbon (C) and nutrient stocks, soil water quality and nutrient retention. In the oceanic-alpine Racomitrium heath habitat, N deposition is associated with moss mat degradation and a shift from bryophyte to graminoid dominance. To investigate the effects of moss mat decline on C and N stocks and fluxes, we collected Racomitrium heath vegetation/soil cores from sites along a gradient of N deposition in the UK. Cores were maintained under controlled conditions and exposed to scenarios of current (8-40 kg N ha-1 y-1), reduced (8 kg N ha-1 y-1) and elevated (50 kg N ha-1 y-1) N deposition. Cores from high N deposition sites had smaller aboveground C and N stocks and, under current conditions, leached large amounts of inorganic N and had low soil water pH compared with low N deposition sites. With reduced N deposition there was evidence for rapid recovery of soil water quality in terms of reduced N leaching and small increases in pH. Under high N deposition, cores from low N deposition sites retained much of the applied N while those with a history of high N deposition leached large amounts of inorganic N. Carbon fluxes in soil water and net CO2 fluxes varied according to core source site but were not affected by the N deposition scenarios. We conclude that C and N stocks and cycling in Racomitrium heath are strongly affected by long-term exposure to N deposition but that soil water quality may improve rapidly, if N deposition rates are reduced. The legacy of N deposition impacts on moss mat cover and vegetation composition however, mean that the ecosystem remains sensitive to future pulses in N input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Britton
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Sheila Gibbs
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Julia M Fisher
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
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12
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Barthelemy H, Dorrepaal E, Olofsson J. Defoliation of a grass is mediated by the positive effect of dung deposition, moss removal and enhanced soil nutrient contents: results from a reindeer grazing simulation experiment. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Barthelemy
- Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Univ SE‐901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Univ SE‐901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Univ SE‐981 07 Abisko Sweden
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13
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Saucier V, Champagne E, Côté SD, Tremblay JP. Combined effects of simulated browsing, warming and nutrient addition on forage availability for migratory caribou in Nunavik, Canada. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xiao T, Yu H, Song YB, Jiang YP, Zeng B, Dong M. Nutrient enhancement of allelopathic effects of exotic invasive on native plant species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206165. [PMID: 30673697 PMCID: PMC6343864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ecosystems may suffer from both nutrient enrichment and exotic plant invasions simultaneously. Much has been known that nutrient inputs can promote growth and expansion of exotic invasive plants in wetlands, and that allelopathic effects of the exotic invasive plants can inhibit the growth of coexisting native plants, contributing to their invasion success. Thus, we hypothesized that allelopathic effects of exotics on natives in invaded ecosystems can be enhanced by nutrient enrichment. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two greenhouse hydroponic experiments. One is the monoculture experiment in which a widespread exotic invasive perennial Alternanthera philoxeroides and a native perennial Ludwigia peploides subsp. stipulacea in monoculture were subjected to five levels of nutrient supply. The other is the mixture experiment in which the two species in mixture were subjected to five levels of nutrient supply, each with and without activated carbon addition. Both A. philoxeroides and L. peploides grew better under higher level of nutrient availability in monoculture experiment. In the mixture experiment, A. philoxeroides formed less total and root biomass while L. peploides formed more in response to activated carbon addition and all of the responses had larger degree at higher level of nutrient availability, indicating A. philoxeroides had significant allelopathic effects on L. peploides and the effects was significantly enhanced by nutrient enrichment. Such results support our hypothesis and reveal a novel mechanism for exotic plant invasion in eutrophicated and invaded wetlands, i.e. nutrient enhancement of allelopathic effects of exotics on natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park Research Center for Ecological Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (BJ); (MD)
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BJ); (MD)
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15
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Street LE, Mielke N, Woodin SJ. Phosphorus Availability Determines the Response of Tundra Ecosystem Carbon Stocks to Nitrogen Enrichment. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Gratton C, Hoekman D, Dreyer J, Jackson RD. Increased duration of aquatic resource pulse alters community and ecosystem responses in a subarctic plant community. Ecology 2017; 98:2860-2872. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
- Department of Zoology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - David Hoekman
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Jamin Dreyer
- Department of Zoology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Randall D. Jackson
- Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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17
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Shi XM, Song L, Liu WY, Lu HZ, Qi JH, Li S, Chen X, Wu JF, Liu S, Wu CS. Epiphytic bryophytes as bio-indicators of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in a subtropical montane cloud forest: Response patterns, mechanism, and critical load. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:932-941. [PMID: 28784334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing trends of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition due to pollution and land-use changes are dramatically altering global biogeochemical cycles. Bryophytes, which are extremely vulnerable to N deposition, often play essential roles in these cycles by contributing to large nutrient pools in boreal and montane forest ecosystems. To interpret the sensitivity of epiphytic bryophytes for N deposition and to determine their critical load (CL) in a subtropical montane cloud forest, community-level, physiological and chemical responses of epiphytic bryophytes were tested in a 2-year field experiment of N additions. The results showed a significant decrease in the cover of the bryophyte communities at an N addition level of 7.4 kg ha-1 yr-1, which is consistent with declines in the biomass production, vitality, and net photosynthetic rate responses of two dominant bryophyte species. Given the background N deposition rate of 10.5 kg ha-1yr-1 for the study site, a CL of N deposition is therefore estimated as ca. 18 kg N ha-1 yr-1. A disordered cellular carbon (C) metabolism, including photosynthesis inhibition and ensuing chlorophyll degradation, due to the leakage of magnesium and potassium and corresponding downstream effects, along with direct toxic effects of excessive N additions is suggested as the main mechanism driving the decline of epiphytic bryophytes. Our results confirmed the process of C metabolism and the chemical stability of epiphytic bryophytes are strongly influenced by N addition levels; when coupled to the strong correlations found with the loss of bryophytes, this study provides important and timely evidence on the response mechanisms of bryophytes in an increasingly N-polluted world. In addition, this study underlines a general decline in community heterogeneity and biomass production of epiphytic bryophytes induced by increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Meng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Liang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China.
| | - Wen-Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China
| | - Hua-Zheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Qi
- Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Jingdong 676209, PR China
| | - Su Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jia-Fu Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Appraisal Center for Environmental Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Jingdong 676209, PR China
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18
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Koller EK, Phoenix GK. Seasonal dynamics of soil and plant nutrients at three environmentally contrasting sites along a sub-Arctic catchment sequence. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Virtanen R, Eskelinen A, Harrison S. Comparing the responses of bryophytes and short‐statured vascular plants to climate shifts and eutrophication. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FI‐90014 Oulu Finland
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e LeipzigD‐04103 Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FI‐90014 Oulu Finland
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e LeipzigD‐04103 Germany
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA95616 USA
| | - Susan Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA95616 USA
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20
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Choudhary S, Blaud A, Osborn AM, Press MC, Phoenix GK. Nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in a High Arctic tundra ecosystem from extreme atmospheric N deposition events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 554-555:303-310. [PMID: 26956177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arctic ecosystems are threatened by pollution from recently detected extreme atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition events in which up to 90% of the annual N deposition can occur in just a few days. We undertook the first assessment of the fate of N from extreme deposition in High Arctic tundra and are presenting the results from the whole ecosystem (15)N labelling experiment. In 2010, we simulated N depositions at rates of 0, 0.04, 0.4 and 1.2 g Nm(-2)yr(-1), applied as (15)NH4(15)NO3 in Svalbard (79(°)N), during the summer. Separate applications of (15)NO3(-) and (15)NH4(+) were also made to determine the importance of N form in their retention. More than 95% of the total (15)N applied was recovered after one growing season (~90% after two), demonstrating a considerable capacity of Arctic tundra to retain N from these deposition events. Important sinks for the deposited N, regardless of its application rate or form, were non-vascular plants>vascular plants>organic soil>litter>mineral soil, suggesting that non-vascular plants could be the primary component of this ecosystem to undergo measurable changes due to N enrichment from extreme deposition events. Substantial retention of N by soil microbial biomass (70% and 39% of (15)N in organic and mineral horizon, respectively) during the initial partitioning demonstrated their capacity to act as effective buffers for N leaching. Between the two N forms, vascular plants (Salix polaris) in particular showed difference in their N recovery, incorporating four times greater (15)NO3(-) than (15)NH4(+), suggesting deposition rich in nitrate will impact them more. Overall, these findings show that despite the deposition rates being extreme in statistical terms, biologically they do not exceed the capacity of tundra to sequester pollutant N during the growing season. Therefore, current and future extreme events may represent a major source of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Management School, University of Sheffield, Conduit Road, Sheffield S10 1FL, UK.
| | - Aimeric Blaud
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - A Mark Osborn
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Malcolm C Press
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
| | - Gareth K Phoenix
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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21
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The Sensitivity of Moss-Associated Nitrogen Fixation towards Repeated Nitrogen Input. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146655. [PMID: 26731691 PMCID: PMC4712137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2) fixation is a major source of available N in ecosystems that receive low amounts of atmospheric N deposition. In boreal forest and subarctic tundra, the feather moss Hylocomium splendens is colonized by N2 fixing cyanobacteria that could contribute fundamentally to increase the N pool in these ecosystems. However, N2 fixation in mosses is inhibited by N input. Although this has been shown previously, the ability of N2 fixation to grow less sensitive towards repeated, increased N inputs remains unknown. Here, we tested if N2 fixation in H. splendens can recover from increased N input depending on the N load (0, 5, 20, 80, 320 kg N ha-1 yr-1) after a period of N deprivation, and if sensitivity towards increased N input can decrease after repeated N additions. Nitrogen fixation in the moss was inhibited by the highest N addition, but was promoted by adding 5 kg N ha-1 yr-1, and increased in all treatments during a short period of N deprivation. The sensitivity of N2 fixation towards repeated N additions seem to decrease in the 20 and 80 kg N additions, but increased in the highest N addition (320 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Recovery of N in leachate samples increased with increasing N loads, suggesting low retention capabilities of mosses if N input is above 5 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity towards repeated N additions is likely to decrease if N input does not exceed a certain threshold.
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