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Lin L, Wu X, Deng X, Lin Z, Liu C, Zhang J, He T, Yi Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Sun W, Xu Z. Mechanisms of low cadmium accumulation in crops: A comprehensive overview from rhizosphere soil to edible parts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118054. [PMID: 38157968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal often found in soil and agricultural products. Due to its high mobility, Cd poses a significant health risk when absorbed by crops, a crucial component of the human diet. This absorption primarily occurs through roots and leaves, leading to Cd accumulation in edible parts of the plant. Our research aimed to understand the mechanisms behind the reduced Cd accumulation in certain crop cultivars through an extensive review of the literature. Crops employ various strategies to limit Cd influx from the soil, including rhizosphere microbial fixation and altering root cell metabolism. Additional mechanisms include membrane efflux, specific transport, chelation, and detoxification, facilitated by metalloproteins such as the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family, heavy metal P-type ATPases (HMA), zinc-iron permease (ZIP), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This paper synthesizes differences in Cd accumulation among plant varieties, presents methods for identifying cultivars with low Cd accumulation, and explores the unique molecular biology of Cd accumulation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive resource for managing agricultural lands with lower contamination levels and supports the development of crops engineered to accumulate minimal amounts of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xingying Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jiexiang Zhang
- GRG Metrology& Test Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510656, China
| | - Tao He
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yunqiang Yi
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Weimin Sun
- Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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2
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Nie W, Wen D. Study on the Applications and Regulatory Mechanisms of Grafting on Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2822. [PMID: 37570976 PMCID: PMC10420990 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting can overcome problems with soil sensitivity, enhance plant stress tolerance, improve product quality, and increase crop yield and value. This paper reviews the various mechanisms of vegetable grafting, the graft survival process and its influencing factors, the practical applications of grafting, and the molecular regulation of grafting in vegetables. The importance of germplasm and rootstock interactions, the mechanization of vegetable grafting, and future aspects, including intelligence and digitalization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Nie
- Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Improvement Center for Vegetables, Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Silkworm Functional Substances, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Improvement Center for Vegetables, Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
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3
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Jeynes-Cupper K, Catoni M. Long distance signalling and epigenetic changes in crop grafting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1121704. [PMID: 37021313 PMCID: PMC10067726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Humans have used grafting for more than 4000 years to improve plant production, through physically joining two different plants, which can continue to grow as a single organism. Today, grafting is becoming increasingly more popular as a technique to increase the production of herbaceous horticultural crops, where rootstocks can introduce traits such as resistance to several pathogens and/or improving the plant vigour. Research in model plants have documented how long-distance signalling mechanisms across the graft junction, together with epigenetic regulation, can produce molecular and phenotypic changes in grafted plants. Yet, most of the studied examples rely on proof-of-concept experiments or on limited specific cases. This review explores the link between research findings in model plants and crop species. We analyse studies investigating the movement of signalling molecules across the graft junction and their implications on epigenetic regulation. The improvement of genomics analyses and the increased availability of genetic resources has allowed to collect more information on potential benefits of grafting in horticultural crop models. Ultimately, further research into this topic will enhance our ability to use the grafting technique to exploit genetic and epigenetic variation in crops, as an alternative to traditional breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Catoni
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Torino, Italy
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4
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Liu Z, Wang C, Li X, Lu X, Liu M, Liu W, Wang T, Zhang X, Wang N, Gao L, Zhang W. The role of shoot-derived RNAs transported to plant root in response to abiotic stresses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111570. [PMID: 36563939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of RNA molecules are transported over long-distance between shoots and roots via phloem in higher plants. Mobile RNA signals are important for plants to tackle abiotic stresses. Shoot-derived mobile RNAs can be involved in the response to different developmental or environmental signals in the root. Some environmental conditions such as climate change, water deficit, nutrient deficiency challenge modern agriculture with more expeditious abiotic stress conditions. Root architecture determines the ability of water and nutrient uptake and further abiotic stress tolerance, and shoot tissue also determines the balance between shoot-root relationship in plant growth and adaptations. Thus, it is necessary to understand the roles of shoot-derived RNA signals and their potential function in roots upon abiotic stresses in the model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana) and agricultural crops. In this review, we summarize the so-far discovered shoot-derived mobile RNA transportation to the root under abiotic stress conditions, e.g. drought, cold stress and nutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, we will focus on the biological relevance and the potential roles of these RNAs in root development and stress responses which will be an asset for the future breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naonao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yan M, Liu C, Yuan Z. BELL1 interacts with CRABS CLAW and INNER NO OUTER to regulate ovule and seed development in pomegranate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1066-1083. [PMID: 36477345 PMCID: PMC9922403 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) flowers are classified as bisexual flowers and functional male flowers. Functional male flowers have sterile pistils that show abnormal ovule development. In previous studies, we identified INNER NO OUTER (INO), CRABS CLAW (CRC), and BELL1 (BEL1), which were specifically expressed in bisexual and functional male flowers. However, the functions of ovule identity genes and the mechanism underlying ovule sterility in pomegranate remain unknown. Here, we found that the integument primordia formed and then ceased developing in the ovules of functional male flowers with a vertical diameter of 8.1-13.0 mm. Megaspore mother cells were observed in bisexual flowers when the vertical diameters of flowers were 10.1-13.0 mm, but not in functional male flowers. We analyzed the expression patterns of ovule-related genes in pomegranate ovule sterility and found that PgCRC mRNA was highly expressed at a critical stage of ovule development in bisexual flowers. Ectopic expression of PgCRC and PgINO was sufficient to increase seed number in transgenic lines. PgCRC partially complemented the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) crc mutant, and PgINO successfully rescued the seeds set in the Arabidopsis ino mutant. The results of yeast two-hybrid assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and genetic data analyses showed that PgCRC and PgINO directly interact with PgBEL1. Our results also showed that PgCRC and PgINO could not interact directly with MADS-box proteins and that PgBEL1 interacted with SEPALLATA proteins. We report the function of PgCRC and PgINO in ovule and seed development and show that PgCRC and PgINO interact with PgBEL1. Thus, our results provide understanding of the genetic regulatory networks underlying ovule development in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cuiyu Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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6
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Maksimov IV, Shein MY, Burkhanova GF. RNA Interference in Plant Protection from Fungal and Oomycete Infection. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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7
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Pastor-Fernández J, Sánchez-Bel P, Gamir J, Pastor V, Sanmartín N, Cerezo M, Andrés-Moreno S, Flors V. Tomato Systemin induces resistance against Plectosphaerella cucumerina in Arabidopsis through the induction of phenolic compounds and priming of tryptophan derivatives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111321. [PMID: 35696921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytocytokines are endogenous danger peptides that are actively released after a pest or pathogen attack, triggering an amplification of plant immune responses. Here, we found that Systemin, a peptide from tomato, has a substantial impact at the molecular level in Arabidopsis plants that leads to induced resistance against Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Using transcriptional and metabolomics approaches, and loss-of-function mutants to analyse the molecular mechanisms underlying induced resistance against the necrotroph, we decipher the enhanced molecular responses in Systemin-treated plants following infection. Some protein complexes involved in the response to other damage signals, including the BAK1-BIK1 protein complex and heterotrimeric G proteins, as well as MPK activation, were among the early signalling events triggered by Systemin in Arabidopsis upon infection. Non-targeted analysis of the late responses underlying Systemin-Induced Resistance1 (Sys-IR) showed that phenolic and indolic compounds were the most representative groups in the Systemin metabolic fingerprint. Lack of flavonoids resulted in the impairment of Sys-IR. On the other hand, some indolic compounds showed a priming profile and were also essential for functional Sys-IR. Evidence presented here shows that plants can sense heterologous peptides from other species as danger signals driving the participation of common protein cascades activated in the PTI and promoting enhanced resistance against necrotrophic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - J Gamir
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - V Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - N Sanmartín
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - M Cerezo
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - S Andrés-Moreno
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - V Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
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8
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Li W, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang L, Jiang J, Zhao S, Fang W, Chen F, Guan Z. Long-distance transport RNAs between rootstocks and scions and graft hybridization. PLANTA 2022; 255:96. [PMID: 35348893 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present review addresses the advances of the identification methods, functions, and transportation mechanism of long-distance transport RNAs between rootstock and scion. In addition, we highlight the cognitive processes and potential mechanisms of graft hybridization. Phloem, the main transport channel of higher plants, plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. Numerous studies have identified a large number of RNAs, including mRNAs, miRNAs, siRNAs, and lncRNAs, in the plant phloem. They can not only be transported to long distances across the grafting junction in the phloem, but also act as signal molecules to regulate the growth, development, and stress resistance of remote cells or tissues, resulting in changes in the traits of rootstocks and scions. Many mobile RNAs have been discovered, but their detection methods, functions, and long-distance transport mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In addition, grafting hybridization, a phenomenon that has been questioned before, and which has an important role in selecting for superior traits, is gradually being recognized with the emergence of new evidence and the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer between parasitic plants. In this review, we outline the species, functions, identification methods, and potential mechanisms of long-distance transport RNAs between rootstocks and scions after grafting. In addition, we summarize the process of recognition and the potential mechanisms of graft hybridization. This study aimed to emphasize the role of grafting in the study of long-distance signals and selection for superior traits and to provide ideas and clues for further research on long-distance transport RNAs and graft hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Mobile Messenger RNAs in Grafts of Salix matsudana Are Associated with Plant Rooting. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNAs exchanged between scions and rootstocks of grafted plants seriously affect their traits performance. The study goals were to identify the long-distance mRNA transmission events in grafted willows using a transcriptome analysis and to reveal the possible effects on rooting traits. The results showed that the Salix matsudana variety 9901 has better rooting ability than YJ, which reasonably improved the rooting performance of the heterologous grafts 9901 (scion)/YJ (rootstock). A transcriptome analysis showed that 2948 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were present in the rootstock of 9901/YJ grafted plants in comparison with YJ/YJ. Among them, 692 were identified as mRNAs moved from 9901 scion based on SNP analysis of two parents. They were mostly 1001–1500 bp, had 40–45% GC contents, or had expression abundance values less than 10. However, mRNAs over 4001 bp, having 50–55% GC contents, or having expression abundance values of 10–20 were preferentially transferred. Eight mRNAs subjected to long-distance trafficking were involved in the plant hormone pathways and may significantly promote the root growth of grafted plants. In summary, heterologous grafts of Salix matsudana could efficiently influence plant rooting of the mRNAs transport from scion to rootstock.
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Xu ZM, Wang JF, Li WL, Wang YF, He T, Wang FP, Lu ZY, Li QS. Nitrogen fertilizer affects rhizosphere Cd re-mobilization by mediating gene AmALM2 and AmALMT7 expression in edible amaranth roots. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126310. [PMID: 34130167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In-situ stabilization of Cd-contaminated farmland is a commonly used remediation technology. Yet, rhizosphere metabolites (e.g., organic acids) during crop cultivation may cause Cd re-mobilization and over-accumulation. Here, we identified four pivotal cytomembrane-localized genes underlying Cd accumulation difference between two contrasting edible amaranth cultivars based on root gene expression profile, studied their subcellular localization and functional characteristics, and then investigated effects of nitrogen fertilizer on their expression and rhizosphere Cd re-mobilization. Results showed that more Cd accumulated by edible amaranth was due to rhizosphere Cd mobilization by mediating high expression of AmALMT2 and AmALMT7 genes, not Cd transporters in roots. This was confirmed by heterologous expression of AmALMT2 and AmALMT7 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, since they mediated malic, fumaric, succinic, and aspartic acids efflux. Furthermore, nitrogen influencing rhizosphere acidification might be closely associated with organic acids efflux genes. Compared with N-NO3- application, N-NH4+ was massively assimilated into glutamates and oxaloacetates through up-regulating glutamine synthetase and alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolic pathways, thereby enhancing TCA cycle and organic acids efflux dominated by binary carboxylic acids via up-regulating AmALMT2 and AmALMT7 genes, which finally caused Cd re-mobilization. Therefore, N-NO3--dominated nitrogen retarded rhizosphere Cd re-mobilization via inhibiting organic acids efflux function of AmALMT2 and AmALMT7 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wan-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fo-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Yan Lu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qu-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Lyapina I, Filippova A, Kovalchuk S, Ziganshin R, Mamaeva A, Lazarev V, Latsis I, Mikhalchik E, Panasenko O, Ivanov O, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Possible role of small secreted peptides (SSPs) in immune signaling in bryophytes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:123-143. [PMID: 33713297 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize a plethora of peptide signals to regulate their immune response. Peptide ligands and their cognate receptors involved in immune signaling share common motifs among many species of vascular plants. However, the origin and evolution of immune peptides is still poorly understood. Here, we searched for genes encoding small secreted peptides in the genomes of three bryophyte lineages-mosses, liverworts and hornworts-that occupy a critical position in the study of land plant evolution. We found that bryophytes shared common predicted small secreted peptides (SSPs) with vascular plants. The number of SSPs is higher in the genomes of mosses than in both the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the hornwort Anthoceros sp. The synthetic peptide elicitors-AtPEP and StPEP-specific for vascular plants, triggered ROS production in the protonema of the moss Physcomitrella patens, suggesting the possibility of recognizing peptide ligands from angiosperms by moss receptors. Mass spectrometry analysis of the moss Physcomitrella patens, both the wild type and the Δcerk mutant secretomes, revealed peptides that specifically responded to chitosan treatment, suggesting their role in immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyapina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Filippova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustam Ziganshin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mamaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Latsis
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Mikhalchik
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Ivanov
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Long-Distance Movement of mRNAs in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060731. [PMID: 32531920 PMCID: PMC7356335 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance transport of information molecules in the vascular tissues could play an important role in regulating plant growth and enabling plants to cope with adverse environments. Various molecules, including hormones, proteins, small peptides and small RNAs have been detected in the vascular system and proved to have systemic signaling functions. Sporadic studies have shown that a number of mRNAs produced in the mature leaves leave their origin cells and move to distal tissues to exert important physiological functions. In the last 3-5 years, multiple heterograft systems have been developed to demonstrate that a large quantity of mRNAs are mobile in plants. Further comparison of the mobile mRNAs identified from these systems showed that the identities of these mRNAs are very diverse. Although species-specific mRNAs may regulate the unique physiological characteristic of the plant, mRNAs with conserved functions across multiple species are worth more effort in identifying universal physiological mechanisms existing in the plant kingdom.
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14
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Zhang H, Zhang H, Lin J. Systemin-mediated long-distance systemic defense responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1573-1582. [PMID: 32083726 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemin, a peptide plant hormone of 18 amino acids, coordinates local and systemic immune responses. The activation of the canonical systemin-mediated systemic signaling pathway involves systemin release from its precursor prosystemin, systemin binding to its membrane receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), and the transport of long-distance signaling molecules, including jasmonic acid, the prosystemin mRNA, volatile organic compounds and possibly systemin itself. Here, we review emerging evidence that the disordered structure and unconventional processing and secretion of systemin contribute to the regulation of systemin-mediated signaling during plant defense. We highlight recent advances in systemin research, which elucidated how cells integrate multiple long-distance signals into the systemic defense response. In addition, we discuss the perception of systemin by SYR1 and its mediation of downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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15
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Lu X, Liu W, Wang T, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang W. Systemic Long-Distance Signaling and Communication Between Rootstock and Scion in Grafted Vegetables. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:460. [PMID: 32431719 PMCID: PMC7214726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is widely used in fruit, vegetable, and flower propagation to improve biotic and abiotic stress resistance, yield, and quality. At present, the systemic changes caused by grafting, as well as the mechanisms and effects of long-distance signal transport between rootstock and scion have mainly been investigated in model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana). However, these aspects of grafting vary when different plant materials are grafted, so the study of model plants provides only a theoretical basis and reference for the related research of grafted vegetables. The dearth of knowledge about the transport of signaling molecules in grafted vegetables is inconsistent with the rapid development of large-scale vegetable production, highlighting the need to study the mechanisms regulating the rootstock-scion interaction and long-distance transport. The rapid development of molecular biotechnology and "omics" approaches will allow researchers to unravel the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the rootstock-scion interaction in vegetables. We summarize recent progress in the study of the physiological aspects (e.g., hormones and nutrients) of the response in grafted vegetables and focus in particular on long-distance molecular signaling (e.g., RNA and proteins). This review provides a theoretical basis for studies of the rootstock-scion interaction in grafted vegetables, as well as provide guidance for rootstock breeding and selection to meet specific demands for efficient vegetable production.
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16
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Pastor-Fernández J, Gamir J, Pastor V, Sanchez-Bel P, Sanmartín N, Cerezo M, Flors V. Arabidopsis Plants Sense Non-self Peptides to Promote Resistance Against Plectosphaerella cucumerina. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:529. [PMID: 32536929 PMCID: PMC7225342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are important regulators that participate in the modulation of almost every physiological event in plants, including defense. Recently, many of these peptides have been described as defense elicitors, termed phytocytokines, that are released upon pest or pathogen attack, triggering an amplification of plant defenses. However, little is known about peptides sensing and inducing resistance activities in heterologous plants. In the present study, exogenous peptides from solanaceous species, Systemins and HypSys, are sensed and induce resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina in the taxonomically distant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, other peptides from closer taxonomic clades have very little or no effect on plant protection. In vitro bioassays showed that the studied peptides do not have direct antifungal activities, suggesting that they protect the plant through the promotion of the plant immune system. Interestingly, tomato Systemin was able to induce resistance at very low concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM) and displays a maximum threshold being ineffective above at higher concentrations. Here, we show evidence of the possible involvement of the JA-signaling pathway in the Systemin-Induced Resistance (Sys-IR) in Arabidopsis. Additionally, Systemin treated plants display enhanced BAK1 and BIK1 gene expression following infection as well as increased production of ROS after PAMP treatment suggesting that Systemin sensitizes Arabidopsis perception to pathogens and PAMPs.
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17
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Liu M, Ma F, Wu F, Jiang C, Wang Y. Expression of stilbene synthase VqSTS6 from wild Chinese Vitis quinquangularis in grapevine enhances resveratrol production and powdery mildew resistance. PLANTA 2019; 250:1997-2007. [PMID: 31531782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In grape (Vitis), stilbene phytoalexins can either be in situ synthesized or transported to the site of response during powdery mildew infection, enhancing disease resistance. Resveratrol is a phytoprotective stilbenoid compound that is synthesized by stilbene synthase (STS) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and is also known to have health benefits in the human diet. We have previously shown that transgenic Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless plants overexpressing a stilbene synthase gene, VqSTS6, from wild Chinese Vitis quinquangularis had a higher stilbenoid content, leading to an enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr). However, the biosynthesis and transportation in the plant tissue under powdery mildew infection are still unclear. Here, inhibitor and micro-grafting technologies were used to study the accumulation of resveratrol following powdery mildew infection. We observed that the levels of STS expression and stilbenoids increased in response to powdery mildew infection. Powdery mildew and inhibitor treatment on detached grape branches showed that resveratrol was in situ synthesized. Experiments with grafted plantlets showed that the abundance of stilbenoid compounds increased in the shoot during VqSTS6 overexpression in the root, while VqSTS6-Flag fusion was not tranported to the scions and only expressed in the transgenic rootstocks. Compared with wild-type Thompson Seedless plants, the non-transgenic/VqSTS6 transgenic (scion/rootstock) grafted Thompson Seedless plantlets exhibited increased resistance to powdery mildew. In addition, overexpression of VqSTS6 in roots led to increased levels of stilbenoid compounds in five other European grape varieties (V. vinifera cvs. Chardonnay, Perlette, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling and Muscat Hamburg). In conclusion, stilbenoid compounds can be either in situ synthesized or transported to the site of powdery mildew infection, and overexpression of VqSTS6 in the root promotes stilbenoids accumulation and disease resistance in European grapevine varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changyue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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18
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Xu W, Ma F, Li R, Zhou Q, Yao W, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang Y. VpSTS29/STS2 enhances fungal tolerance in grapevine through a positive feedback loop. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2979-2998. [PMID: 31309591 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of stilbene phytoalexins stimulates resistance mechanisms against the grapevine fungus Uncinula necator. However, the defensive mechanisms triggered by stilbene synthase (STS) genes, remain largely unknown. Here, we report the function and molecular mechanism of the stilbene synthase gene VpSTS29/STS2 from Vitis pseudoreticulata in the regulation of plant responses to powdery mildew. Stilbene synthesis occurred mainly in root tips and mesophyll cells of transgenic grapevines via transport through the vascular bundles. Overexpression of VpSTS29/STS2 in Vitis vinifera increased the abundance of STSs in mesophyll tissue and resulted in the accumulation of biologically active resveratrol derivatives at the invasion site. Similarly, expression of VpSTS29/STS2 in Arabidopsis increased resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum. The VpSTS29/STS2-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed increased piceid accumulation together with more local hypersensitive reactions, inhibition of mycelial growth, and a reduced incidence of pathogens. Transcriptome profiling analyses demonstrated that VpSTS29/STS2-induced defences led to reprograming of global gene expression and activation of salicylic acid (SA) signalling, thus increasing expression of WRKY-MYB transcription factors and other defence response genes. We propose a model for resveratrol-mediated coordination of defence responses in which SA participates in a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntong Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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19
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Coppola M, Di Lelio I, Romanelli A, Gualtieri L, Molisso D, Ruocco M, Avitabile C, Natale R, Cascone P, Guerrieri E, Pennacchio F, Rao R. Tomato Plants Treated with Systemin Peptide Show Enhanced Levels of Direct and Indirect Defense Associated with Increased Expression of Defense-Related Genes. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100395. [PMID: 31623335 PMCID: PMC6843623 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense peptides represent an important class of compounds active against pathogens and insects. These molecules controlling immune barriers can potentially be used as novel tools for plant protection, which mimic natural defense mechanisms against invaders. The constitutive expression in tomato plants of the precursor of the defense peptide systemin was previously demonstrated to increase tolerance against moth larvae and aphids and to hamper the colonization by phytopathogenic fungi, through the expression of a wealth of defense-related genes. In this work we studied the impact of the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants on pests to evaluate the use of the peptide as a tool for crop protection in non-transgenic approaches. By combining gene expression studies and bioassays with different pests we demonstrate that the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants enhances both direct and indirect defense barriers. Experimental plants, exposed to this peptide by foliar spotting or root uptake through hydroponic culture, impaired larval growth and development of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis, even across generations, reduced the leaf colonization by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and were more attractive towards natural herbivore antagonists. The induction of these defense responses was found to be associated with molecular and biochemical changes under control of the systemin signalling cascade. Our results indicate that the direct delivery of systemin, likely characterized by a null effect on non-target organisms, represents an interesting tool for the sustainable protection of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Coppola
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Donata Molisso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Roberto Natale
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Rosa Rao
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2539204
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20
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Jatoi GH, Lihua G, Xiufen Y, Gadhi MA, Keerio AU, Abdulle YA, Qiu D. A Novel Protein Elicitor PeBL2, from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, Induces Systemic Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Tobacco Plant. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:208-218. [PMID: 31244567 PMCID: PMC6586191 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2018.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we reported a novel secreted protein elicitor PeBL2 from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, which can induce hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were performed for identification of protein elicitor. The 471 bp PeBL2 gene produces a 17.22 kDa protein with 156 amino acids containing an 84-residue signal peptide. Consistent with endogenous protein, the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli induced the typical hypersensitive response (HR) and necrosis in tobacco leaves. Additionally, PeBL2 also triggered early defensive response of generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2 -) and systemic resistance against of B. cinerea. Our findings shed new light on a novel strategy for biocontrol using B. laterosporus A60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain Jatoi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
- Department of Plant Pathology Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh,
Pakistan
| | - Guo Lihua
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
| | - Yang Xiufen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
| | - Muswar Ali Gadhi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
| | - Azhar Uddin Keerio
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
| | - Yusuf Ali Abdulle
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081,
China
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21
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Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Resistance to Herbivores in Tomato Plants with Reduced Jasmonic Acid Production. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi favor plant growth by improving nutrient acquisition, but also by increasing their resistance against abiotic and biotic stressors, including herbivory. Mechanisms of AM fungal mediated increased resistance include a direct effect of AM fungi on plant vigor, but also a manipulation of the hormonal cascades, such as the systemic activation of jasmonic acid (JA) dependent defenses. However, how AM fungal inoculation and variation in the endogenous JA production interact to produce increased resistance against insect herbivores remains to be further elucidated. To address this question, three genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum L., a JA-biosynthesis deficient mutant, a JA over-accumulating mutant, and their wild-type were either inoculated with AM fungi or left un-inoculated. Plant growth-related traits and resistance against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) caterpillars, a major crop pest, were measured. Overall, we found that deficiency in JA production reduced plant development and were the least resistant against S. littoralis. Moreover, AM fungi increased plant resistance against S. littoralis, but such beneficial effect was more pronounced in JA-deficient plant than on JA over-accumulating plants. These results highlight that AM fungi-driven increased plant resistance is negatively affected by the ability of plants to produce JA and that AM fungi complement JA-mediated endogenous plant defenses in this system.
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22
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Liu L, Chen X. Intercellular and systemic trafficking of RNAs in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:869-878. [PMID: 30390090 PMCID: PMC7155933 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved dynamic and complex networks of cell-to-cell communication to coordinate and adapt their growth and development to a variety of environmental changes. In addition to small molecules, such as metabolites and phytohormones, macromolecules such as proteins and RNAs also act as signalling agents in plants. As information molecules, RNAs can move locally between cells through plasmodesmata, and over long distances through phloem. Non-cell-autonomous RNAs may act as mobile signals to regulate plant development, nutrient allocation, gene silencing, antiviral defence, stress responses and many other physiological processes in plants. Recent work has shed light on mobile RNAs and, in some cases, uncovered their roles in intercellular and systemic signalling networks. This review summarizes the current knowledge of local and systemic RNA movement, and discusses the potential regulatory mechanisms and biological significance of RNA trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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