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Loupit G, Fonayet JV, Lorensen MDBB, Franc C, De Revel G, Janfelt C, Cookson SJ. Tissue-specific stilbene accumulation is an early response to wounding/grafting as revealed by using spatial and temporal metabolomics. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3871-3886. [PMID: 37646324 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is widely used in horticulture. Shortly after grafting, callus tissues appear at the graft interface and the vascular tissues of the scion and rootstock connect. The graft interface contains a complex mix of tissues, we hypothesised that each tissue has its own metabolic response to wounding/grafting and accumulates different metabolites at different rates. We made intact and wounded cuttings and grafts of grapevine, and then measured changes in bulk flavonoid, phenolic acid and stilbenoid concentration and used metabolite imaging to study tissue-specific responses. We show that some metabolites rapidly accumulate in specific tissues after grafting, for example, stilbene monomers accumulate in necrotic tissues surrounding mature xylem vessels. Whereas other metabolites, such as complex stilbenes, accumulate in the same tissues at later stages. We also observe that other metabolites accumulate in the newly formed callus tissue and identify genotype-specific responses. In addition, exogenous resveratrol application did not modify grafting success rate, potentially suggesting that the accumulation of resveratrol at the graft interface is not linked to graft union formation. The increasing concentration of complex stilbenes often occurs in response to plant stresses (via unknown mechanisms), and potentially increases antioxidant activity and antifungal capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Loupit
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Josep V Fonayet
- Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marcus D B B Lorensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Céline Franc
- Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Gilles De Revel
- Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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2
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Wang J, Jia H, Daniel G, Gao J, Jiang X, Ma L, Yue S, Guo J, Yin Y. Insights into asynchronous changes of cell wall polymers accumulated in different cell types during conifer xylem differentiation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121076. [PMID: 37321750 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An improved understanding of the events involved in cell wall polymers deposition during xylem development could provide new scientific ways for molecular regulation and biomass utilization. Axial and radial cells are spatially heterogeneous and have highly cross-correlated developmental behavior, whereas the deposition of corresponding cell wall polymers during xylem differentiation is less studied. To clarify our hypothesis that cell wall polymers of two cell types accumulated asynchronously, we performed hierarchical visualization, including label-free in situ spectral imaging of different polymer compositions during the development of Pinus bungeana. In axial tracheids, the deposition of cellulose and glucomannan was observed on earlier stages of secondary wall thickening than that of xylan and lignin, while xylan distribution was strongly related to spatial distribution of lignin during differentiation. The content of lignin and polysaccharides increased by over 130 % and 60 % respectively when the S3 layer was formed, compared to the S2 stage. In ray cells, the deposition of crystalline cellulose, xylan, and lignin was generally lagged compared to that in corresponding axial tracheids, although the process followed a similar order. The concentration of lignin and polysaccharides in ray cells was only approximately 50 % of that in the axial tracheids during secondary wall thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Specimen Resource Center (WOODPEDIA) of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Geoffrey Daniel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Specimen Resource Center (WOODPEDIA) of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lingyu Ma
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Specimen Resource Center (WOODPEDIA) of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Specimen Resource Center (WOODPEDIA) of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Yafang Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Wood Specimen Resource Center (WOODPEDIA) of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China.
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3
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Jiao Y. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the flavor of bitterness in the tip shoots of Bambusa oldhamii Munro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14853. [PMID: 37684287 PMCID: PMC10491673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The young bamboo shoot of Bambusa oldhamii (green bamboo) has a good taste and is rich in nutrition and widely used in traditional Chinese cuisines. But the shoots flavor of Bambusa oldhamii changed from deliciously sweet to a little bitter when the shoots grew from underground to aboveground. In this paper, we explored the bitterness chemicals of the green bamboo shoot when growing from underground to aboveground using transcriptome and metabolome techniques. Finally, several bitter chemicals were mined out counting for the flavor transformation, such as Solanidine, Amygdalin, Salicin, Arbutin, and others. The transcription factor family of AP2/ERF plays the main role in key bitter chemical regulation via correlation analysis. Moreover, the pathway of Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids might be the key pathway in the formation of the bitter chemicals in green bamboo shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Jiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, 325005, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Sahu SK, Liu M, Chen Y, Gui J, Fang D, Chen X, Yang T, He C, Cheng L, Yang J, Sahu DN, Li L, Wang H, Mu W, Wei J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Lisby M, Liu X, Xu X, Li L, Wang S, Liu H. Chromosome-scale genomes of commercial timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis). Sci Data 2023; 10:512. [PMID: 37537171 PMCID: PMC10400565 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood is the most important natural and endlessly renewable source of energy. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wood, many aspects of its formation have not yet been investigated. We performed chromosome-scale genome assemblies of three timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis) which exhibit different wood properties such as wood density, hardness, growth rate, and fiber cell wall thickness. The combination of 10X, stLFR, Hi-Fi sequencing and HiC data led us to assemble high-quality genomes evident by scaffold N50 length of 55.97 Mb (O. pyramidale), 22.37 Mb (M. ferrea) and 14.55 Mb (T. grandis) with >97% BUSCO completeness of the assemblies. A total of 35774, 24027, and 44813 protein-coding genes were identified in M. ferrea, T. grandis and O. pyramidale, respectively. The data generated in this study is anticipated to serve as a valuable genetic resource and will promote comparative genomic analyses, and it is of practical importance in gaining a further understanding of the wood properties in non-model woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150400, China
| | - Yewen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Chengzhong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Le Cheng
- BGI Research, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- BGI Research, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Durgesh Nandini Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Weixue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jinpu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Forestry Bureau of Ruili, Yunnan Dehong, Ruili, 678600, China
| | | | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150400, China.
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5
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Sun N, Bu Y, Wu X, Ma X, Yang H, Du L, Li X, Xiao J, Lin J, Jing Y. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network in Populus associated with xylem development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154055. [PMID: 37506405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in numerous biological processes in plants, such as regulating the gene expression. However, only a few studies have looked into their potential functions in xylem development. High-throughput sequencing of P. euramericana 'Zhonglin46' developing and mature xylem was performed in this study. Through sequencing analysis, 14,028 putative lncRNA transcripts were identified, including 4525 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Additional research revealed that in mature xylem, a total of 2320 DELs were upregulated and 2205 were downregulated compared to developing xylem. Meanwhile, there were a total of 8122 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) that were upregulated and 16,424 that were downregulated in mature xylem compared with developing xylem. The cis- and trans-target genes of DELs were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, which indicated that these DELs participate in controlling the phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthesis pathway as well as the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. Among the cis-regulated DELs, LNC_006291, LNC_006292, and LNC_006532 all participate in regulating multiple HCT gene family membranes. As targets, POPTR_001G045900v3 (CCR2) and POPTR_018G063500v3 (SUS) both have only one cis-regulatory lncRNA, referred to as LNC_000057 and LNC_006212, respectively. Moreover, LNC_004484 and two DELs named LNC_008014 and LNC_010781 were revealed to be important nodes in the co-expression network of trans-lncRNAs and mRNAs associated to the lignin biosynthesis pathway and cellulose and xylan biosynthetic pathways, respectively. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to confirme 34 pairs of lncRNA-mRNA. Taken together, these findings may help to clarify the regulatory role that lncRNAs play in xylem development and wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yufen Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaocen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Haobo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jinxing Lin
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yanping Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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6
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Bryant N, Engle N, Tschaplinski T, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Variable lignin structure revealed in Populus leaves. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20187-20197. [PMID: 37416906 PMCID: PMC10320358 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin has long been a trait of interest, especially in bioenergy feedstocks such as Populus. While the stem lignin of Populus is well studied, foliar lignin has received significantly less consideration. To this end, leaves from 11 field grown, natural variant Populus trichocarpa genotypes were investigated by NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS. Five of these genotypes were sufficiently irrigated, and the other six genotypes were irrigated at a reduced rate (59% of the potential evapotranspiration for the site) to induce drought treatment. Analysis by HSQC NMR revealed highly variable lignin structure among the samples, especially for the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, which ranged from 0.52-11.9. Appreciable levels of a condensed syringyl lignin structure were observed in most samples. The same genotype subjected to different treatments exhibited similar levels of condensed syringyl lignin, suggesting this was not a response to stress. A cross peak of δC/δH 74.6/5.03, consistent with the erythro form of the β-O-4 linkage, was observed in genotypes where significant syringyl units were present. Principle component analysis revealed that FTIR absorbances associated with syringyl units (830 cm-1, 1317 cm-1) greatly contributed to variability between samples. Additionally, the ratio of 830/1230 cm-1 peak intensities were reasonably correlated (p-value < 0.05) with the S/G ratio determined by NMR. Analysis by GC-MS revealed significant variability of secondary metabolites such as tremuloidin, trichocarpin, and salicortin. Additionally, salicin derivatives were found to be well correlated with NMR results, which has been previously hypothesized. These results highlight previously unexplored nuance and variability associated with foliage tissue of poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Nancy Engle
- BioEnergy Science Center & Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Timothy Tschaplinski
- BioEnergy Science Center & Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- BioEnergy Science Center & Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center & Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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7
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Derba-Maceluch M, Mitra M, Hedenström M, Liu X, Gandla ML, Barbut FR, Abreu IN, Donev EN, Urbancsok J, Moritz T, Jönsson LJ, Tsang A, Powlowski J, Master ER, Mellerowicz EJ. Xylan glucuronic acid side chains fix suberin-like aliphatic compounds to wood cell walls. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:297-312. [PMID: 36600379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wood is the most important repository of assimilated carbon in the biosphere, in the form of large polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses including glucuronoxylan, and lignin) that interactively form a composite, together with soluble extractives including phenolic and aliphatic compounds. Molecular interactions among these compounds are not fully understood. We have targeted the expression of a fungal α-glucuronidase to the wood cell wall of aspen (Populus tremula L. × tremuloides Michx.) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh), to decrease contents of the 4-O-methyl glucuronopyranose acid (mGlcA) substituent of xylan, to elucidate mGlcA's functions. The enzyme affected the content of aliphatic insoluble cell wall components having composition similar to suberin, which required mGlcA for binding to cell walls. Such suberin-like compounds have been previously identified in decayed wood, but here, we show their presence in healthy wood of both hardwood and softwood species. By contrast, γ-ester bonds between mGlcA and lignin were insensitive to cell wall-localized α-glucuronidase, supporting the intracellular formation of these bonds. These findings challenge the current view of the wood cell wall composition and reveal a novel function of mGlcA substituent of xylan in fastening of suberin-like compounds to cell wall. They also suggest an intracellular initiation of lignin-carbohydrate complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Madhusree Mitra
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Félix R Barbut
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy N Donev
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - János Urbancsok
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leif J Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Justin Powlowski
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Gong X, Qi K, Chen J, Zhao L, Xie Z, Yan X, Khanizadeh S, Zhang S, Tao S. Multi-omics analyses reveal stone cell distribution pattern in pear fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:626-642. [PMID: 36546867 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stone cells are the brachysclereid cells in pear (Pyrus) fruit, consisting almost entirely of lignified secondary cell walls. They are distributed mainly near the fruit core and spread radially in the whole fruit. However, the development of stone cells has not been comprehensively characterized, and little is known about the regulation of stone cell formation at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. In the present study, we performed phenomic analysis on the stone cells and their associated vascular bundles distributed near the fruit cores. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed a significant positive regulation of biological processes which contribute to the lignification and lignin deposition in stone cells near the fruit core, including sucrose metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. We found many metabolites generated from the phenylpropanoid pathway contributing to the cell wall formation of stone cells near the fruit core. Furthermore, we identified a key transcription factor, PbbZIP48, which was highly expressed near the fruit core and was shown to regulate lignin biosynthesis in stone cells. In conclusion, the present study provides insight into the mechanism of lignified stone cell formation near the pear fruit core at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shahrokh Khanizadeh
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lipińska MM, Haliński ŁP, Gołębiowski M, Kowalkowska AK. Active Compounds with Medicinal Potential Found in Maxillariinae Benth. (Orchidaceae Juss.) Representatives-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010739. [PMID: 36614181 PMCID: PMC9821772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a whole range of different health conditions, and representatives of the Neotropical subtribe Maxillariinae are not an exception. They are utilized, for instance, for their spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this work, we analyze the literature concerning the chemical composition of the plant extracts and secretions of this subtribe's representatives published between 1991 and 2022. Maxillariinae is one of the biggest taxa within the orchid family; however, to date, only 19 species have been investigated in this regard and, as we report, they produce 62 semiochemicals of medical potential. The presented review is the first summary of biologically active compounds found in Maxillariinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M. Lipińska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Foundation Polish Orchid Association, 81-825 Sopot, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz P. Haliński
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K. Kowalkowska
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Kasper K, Abreu IN, Feussner K, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Ischebeck T, Janz D, Majcherczyk A, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Feussner I, Polle A. Multi-omics analysis of xylem sap uncovers dynamic modulation of poplar defenses by ammonium and nitrate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:282-303. [PMID: 35535561 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap is the major transport route for nutrients from roots to shoots. In the present study, we investigated how variations in nitrogen (N) nutrition affected the metabolome and proteome of xylem sap and the growth of the xylem endophyte Brennaria salicis, and we also report transcriptional re-wiring of leaf defenses in poplar (Populus × canescens). We supplied poplars with high, intermediate or low concentrations of ammonium or nitrate. We identified 288 unique proteins in xylem sap. Approximately 85% of the xylem sap proteins were shared among ammonium- and nitrate-supplied plants. The number of proteins increased with increasing N supply but the major functional categories (catabolic processes, cell wall-related enzymes, defense) were unaffected. Ammonium nutrition caused higher abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates, whereas nitrate caused higher malate levels in xylem sap. Pipecolic acid and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid increased, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine decreased, with increasing N nutrition. Untargeted metabolome analyses revealed 2179 features in xylem sap, of which 863 were differentially affected by N treatments. We identified 124 metabolites, mainly from specialized metabolism of the groups of salicinoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and benzoates. Their abundances increased with decreasing N, except coumarins. Brennaria salicis growth was reduced in nutrient-supplemented xylem sap of low- and high- NO3- -fed plants compared to that of NH4+ -fed plants. The drastic changes in xylem sap composition caused massive changes in the transcriptional landscape of leaves and recruited defenses related to systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance. Our study uncovers unexpected complexity and variability of xylem composition with consequences for plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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11
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Skirycz A, Fernie AR. Past accomplishments and future challenges of the multi-omics characterization of leaf growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:473-489. [PMID: 35325227 PMCID: PMC9157134 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of omics technologies has revolutionized biology and advanced our understanding of all biological processes, including major developmental transitions in plants and animals. Here, we review the vast knowledge accumulated concerning leaf growth in terms of transcriptional regulation before turning our attention to the historically less well-characterized alterations at the protein and metabolite level. We will then discuss how the advent of biochemical methods coupled with metabolomics and proteomics can provide insight into the protein-protein and protein-metabolite interactome of the growing leaves. We finally highlight the substantial challenges in detection, spatial resolution, integration, and functional validation of the omics results, focusing on metabolomics as a prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of small-molecule regulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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12
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Dinant S, Le Hir R. Delving deeper into the link between sugar transport, sugar signaling, and vascular system development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13684. [PMID: 35396718 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development rely on the transport and use of sugars produced during photosynthesis. Sugars have a dual function as nutrients and signal molecules in the cell. Many factors maintaining sugar homeostasis and signaling are now identified, but our understanding of the mechanisms involved in coordinating intracellular and intercellular sugar translocation is still limited. We also know little about the interplay between sugar transport and signaling and the formation of the vascular system, which controls long-distance sugar translocation. Sugar signaling has been proposed to play a role; however, evidence to support this hypothesis is still limited. Here, we exploited recent transcriptomics datasets produced in aerial organs of Arabidopsis to identify genes coding for sugar transporters or signaling components expressed in the vascular cells. We identified genes belonging to sugar transport and signaling for which no information is available regarding a role in vasculature development. In addition, the transcriptomics datasets obtained from sugar-treated Arabidopsis seedlings were used to assess the sugar-responsiveness of known genes involved in vascular differentiation. Interestingly, several key regulators of vascular development were found to be regulated by either sucrose or glucose. Especially CLE41, which controls the procambial cell fate, was oppositely regulated by sucrose or glucose in these datasets. Even if more experimental data are necessary to confirm these findings, this survey supports a link between sugar transport/signaling and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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13
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Cellular and Metabolite Changes in the Secondary Phloem of Chinese Fir (Cuninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) during Dormancy Release. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wood in the cold temperate zone is the product of the alternation of the growing season and the dormant period of trees, but our knowledge of the process of dormancy release in trees remains limited. Chinese fir (Cuninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) was used to investigate cellular and metabolite changes in the secondary phloem tissue during dormancy release. The sampling dates were 2 March, 28 March, and 13 April. The microsections of wood-forming tissue were prepared using the paraffin embedding technique to observe the formation of cambium cells; metabolites in secondary phloem cells were extracted using a methanol/chloroform organic solvent system. The results showed that the secondary phloem consists of phloem fibers, sieve cells and phloem parenchyma. The cells were regularly arranged in continuous tangential bands and were in the order of Phloem fiber-Sieve cell-Phloem parenchyma-Sieve cell-Phloem parenchyma-Sieve cell-Phloem parenchyma-Sieve cell-Sieve cell-Phloem parenchyma-. The Chinese fir cambium was in dormancy on 2 March and 28 March, while on 13 April, it was already in the active stage and two layers of xylem cells with several layers of phloem cells were newly formed. The width of the cambium zone increased from 18.7 ± 5.7 μm to 76.5 ± 3.0 μm and the average radial diameter of sieve cells expanded from 15.4 ± 7.5 μm to 21.5 ± 7.4 μm after dormancy release. The cambium zone width and the average radial diameter of sieve cells before and after dormancy release were significantly different (p < 0.01). The phloem parenchyma cells without resin were squeezed and deformed by the sieve cells, and the width of the phloem during the active period was 197.0 ± 8.5 μm, which was larger than that during the dormant period. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics was employed to analyze the secondary phloem of Chinese fir on 28 March and 13 April. Thirty-nine differential metabolites during dormancy release were detected. The results showed that the composition of Chinese fir metabolites was different before and after dormancy release. The relative increase in pyruvic acid and ascorbic acid contents proved that the rate of energy metabolism in Chinese fir increased substantially after dormancy release. Changes in cell development and the composition of metabolites revealed that the dormancy release of Chinese fir was at early April and the formation period of phloem tissue is earlier than xylem tissue.
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14
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liu X, Guo X, Li H, Liu D, Lu H. Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis in the Roadmap of the Xylem Development Stage in Populus tomentosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:724559. [PMID: 34804081 PMCID: PMC8600231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.724559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Xylem development plays an important role in the wood formation of plants. In this study, we found that xylem development was a rapid thickening process characterized by initially rapid increases in the number of tracheary elements and fiber cells and the thickness of the secondary walls that later plateaued. Transcriptome analysis showed that the xylan and lignin biosynthetic pathways, which are involved in the early rapid thickening of the xylem, were mainly upregulated in the second month. The expression of a total of 124 transcription factors (TFs), including 28 NAC TFs and 31 MYB TFs, peaked in 2- and 3-month-old plants compared with 1-month-old plants. Based on previous studies and the key cis-acting elements secondary wall NAC-binding elements, secondary wall MYB-responsive elements, W-box and TGTG[T/G/C], 10 TFs related to xylem development, 50 TFs with unknown function, 98 cell wall biosynthetic genes, and 47 programmed cell death (PCD) genes were used to construct a four-layer transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) with poplar NAC domain TFs to characterize the transcriptional regulation of cell wall biosynthesis and PCD in Populus tomentosa. The proteome revealed that post-transcriptional modification may be widely involved in lignification development. Overall, our results revealed that xylem development is a rapid thickening process in P. tomentosa, and expression patterns varied temporally from cell division to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiatong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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15
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Yu D, Janz D, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Chen S, Polle A. Wood Formation under Severe Drought Invokes Adjustment of the Hormonal and Transcriptional Landscape in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9899. [PMID: 34576062 PMCID: PMC8493802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental stress that exerts negative effects on plant growth. In trees, drought leads to reduced secondary growth and altered wood anatomy. The mechanisms underlying wood stress adaptation are not well understood. Here, we investigated the physiological, anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptional responses of poplar to strong drought. Drought-stressed xylem was characterized by higher vessel frequencies, smaller vessel lumina, and thicker secondary fiber cell walls. These changes were accompanied by strong increases in abscisic acid (ABA) and antagonistic changes in salicylic acid in wood. Transcriptional evidence supported ABA biosynthesis and signaling in wood. Since ABA signaling activates the fiber-thickening factor NST1, we expected upregulation of the secondary cell wall (SCW) cascade under stress. By contrast, transcription factors and biosynthesis genes for SCW formation were down-regulated, whereas a small set of cellulose synthase-like genes and a huge array of genes involved in cell wall modification were up-regulated in drought-stressed wood. Therefore, we suggest that ABA signaling monitors normal SCW biosynthesis and that drought causes a switch from normal to "stress wood" formation recruiting a dedicated set of genes for cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling. This proposition implies that drought-induced changes in cell wall properties underlie regulatory mechanisms distinct from those of normal wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dade Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (C.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-Von-Haller Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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A metabolomic study of Gomphrena agrestis in Brazilian Cerrado suggests drought-adaptive strategies on metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12933. [PMID: 34155311 PMCID: PMC8217525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is the main factor that limits the distribution and productivity of plant species. In the Brazilian Cerrado, the vegetation is adapted to a seasonal climate with long- and short-term periods of drought. To analyze the metabolic strategies under such conditions, a metabolomic approach was used to characterize Gomphrena agrestis Mart. (Amaranthaceae) a native species that grows under natural conditions, in a rock-field area. Roots and leaves material from native specimens were sampled along different seasons of the year and LC–MS and GC–MS analyzed for multiple chemical constituents. The datasets derived from the different measurements were combined and evaluated using multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis was used to obtain an overview of the samples and identify outliers. Later, the data was analyzed with orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis to obtain valid models that could explain the metabolite variations in the different seasons. Two hundred and eighty metabolites were annotated, generating a unique database to characterize metabolic strategies used to cope with the effects of drought. The accumulation of fructans in the thickened roots is consistent with the storage of carbons during the rainy season to support the energy demand during a long period of drought. The accumulation of Abscisic acid, sugars and sugar alcohols, phenolics, and pigment in the leaves suggests physiological adaptations. To cope with long-term drought, the data suggests that tissue water status and storage of reserves are important to support plant survival and regrowth. However, during short-term drought, osmoregulation and oxidative protection seems to be essential, probably to support the maintenance of active photosynthesis.
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17
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Słupianek A, Dolzblasz A, Sokołowska K. Xylem Parenchyma-Role and Relevance in Wood Functioning in Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1247. [PMID: 34205276 PMCID: PMC8235782 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Woody plants are characterised by a highly complex vascular system, wherein the secondary xylem (wood) is responsible for the axial transport of water and various substances. Previous studies have focused on the dead conductive elements in this heterogeneous tissue. However, the living xylem parenchyma cells, which constitute a significant functional fraction of the wood tissue, have been strongly neglected in studies on tree biology. Although there has recently been increased research interest in xylem parenchyma cells, the mechanisms that operate in these cells are poorly understood. Therefore, the present review focuses on selected roles of xylem parenchyma and its relevance in wood functioning. In addition, to elucidate the importance of xylem parenchyma, we have compiled evidence supporting the hypothesis on the significance of parenchyma cells in tree functioning and identified the key unaddressed questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Słupianek
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.)
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18
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Rodrigues AM, Carrasquinho I, António C. Primary Metabolite Adjustments Associated With Pinewood Nematode Resistance in Pinus pinaster. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777681. [PMID: 34950168 PMCID: PMC8691400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of the pine wilt disease (PWD) and represents one of the major threats to conifer forests. The detection of the PWN in Portugal, associated with Pinus pinaster, increased the concern of its spread to European forests. Despite its susceptibility to PWD, genetic variability found among P. pinaster populations has been associated with heritable PWD resistance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying tree resistance constitutes a valuable resource for breeding programs toward more resilient forest plantations. This study investigated changes in anatomy, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), and primary metabolism in susceptible and resistant P. pinaster half-sib plants, after PWN inoculation. Susceptible plants showed a general shutdown of central metabolism, osmolyte accumulation, photosynthetic inhibition, and a decrease in the plant water status. The ChlF transient rise (OJIP curve) revealed the appearance of L- and K-bands, indicators of environmental stress. In contrast, resistant plants revealed a regulated defense response and were able to restrict PWN migration and cellular damage. Furthermore, the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and succinate suggested a role of these metabolites in PWD resistance and the possible activation of the GABA shunt. Altogether, these results provide new insights to the role of primary metabolism in PWD resistance and in the selection of resistant phenotypes for disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Carrasquinho
- Instituto Nacional Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Carla António,
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