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Liu D, Zhang C, Ogaya R, Acil N, Pugh TAM, Domene X, Zhang X, Fang Y, Yang X, Essl F, Dullinger S, Peñuelas J. World-wide impacts of climate change and nitrogen deposition on vegetation structure, composition, and functioning of shrublands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025. [PMID: 40433795 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Environmental changes and their effects are among the most pressing topics of today's ecological research. Shrublands, although widespread across the globe, remain understudied in this respect. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 81 shrubland sites subjected to experimental warming, shifts in precipitation (e.g. increased precipitation and drought), and nitrogen addition to quantify seven types of vegetation responses, including density and cover, species diversity, shrub proportion, and ecosystem functions. Our results indicated that the magnitude of responses varied depending on the vegetation metrics and treatment conditions. Specifically, aboveground biomass (AGB) was most sensitive to warming, increased precipitation, and nitrogen addition, while density was most responsive to drought treatment. Short-term treatments (1-5 yr) generally elicited stronger responses than long-term ones (> 5 yr), particularly under drought. High sensitivity to changes in climate and nitrogen addition was observed at extremely arid sites (aridity index < 0.2), and water availability strongly mediated sensitivity variation. Surprisingly, many vegetation metrics revealed no association between sensitivity variability and site water availability. Our research offers a global perspective on shrubland vegetation responses to environmental changes, highlighting the importance of water availability in sustaining shrubland biodiversity and functioning under future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Chao Zhang
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Nezha Acil
- Institute for Environmental Futures, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Space Park Leicester, 92 Corporation Road, Leicester, LE4 5SP, UK
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xavier Domene
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510090, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
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2
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Behera SBB, Sahu SC, Beuria R, Ratna SB, Pattanaik P. Monsoon rainfall trends and change point detection affecting kharif paddy ecosystems and gross primary productivity in Odisha. Sci Rep 2025; 15:17209. [PMID: 40382396 PMCID: PMC12085621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-01346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
This study uses data from 1901 to 2023 to investigate the long-term spatiotemporal variations and trends in monsoon rainfall. It also looks at how these changes may affect Kharif Paddy production in the state's agro-climatic zones from 2000 to 2022. The Pettitt test was used to identify sudden alterations in rainfall patterns, and the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used to assess rainfall trends. The findings show that most districts in Odisha have no significant change in monsoon rainfall, indicating a generally consistent pattern over the past 123 years. Only Sundergarh in the North-Western Plateau Zone showed a significant negative trend (-2.51), highlighting potential localized vulnerabilities. Change detection analysis shows the probable change years vary by districts (under agro-climatic zones) ranging from 1919 to 2009, whereas inter-seasonal rainfall variability was recorded to increase after 1980. The relationship between GPP and rainfall revealed non-linear characterises. Meanwhile, the seasonal trend from 2000 to 2022 showed a favourable increase in Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), averaging 10.88 gC/m2 per year. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the GPP of forested areas in a region or district is more responsive to rainfall fluctuations than cropped areas within Odisha's agro-climatic zones. Additionally, threshold analysis was conducted to identify the optimal range of monsoon rainfall that maximizes GPP for the studied districts across different agro-climatic zones. Understanding long-term rainfall variability is crucial for ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity, particularly in monsoon-dependent regions like Odisha, where shifting precipitation patterns can significantly affect Kharif paddy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susri B Barnana Behera
- Center for Environment and Climate, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sarat Chandra Sahu
- Center for Environment and Climate, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Roshan Beuria
- Center for Environment and Climate, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Priyambada Pattanaik
- Center for Environment and Climate, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, India
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Han L, Yu GR, Chen Z, Wang QF, Zhu XJ, Zhang WK, Wang TJ, Yan ZF, Zhang TY, Chen SP, Wang HM, Yan JH, Zhang FW, Li YN, Zhang YP, Sha LQ, Shi PL, Wu JB, Hao YB, Zhao L, Jiang SC, Zhou L, Wang F. Cascading environmental, phenological, and physiological influences on spatial variability of annual gross primary productivity in the Northern Hemisphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 976:179290. [PMID: 40199200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
Accurately assessing spatiotemporal variations in terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) is crucial for understanding the interactions between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate change. Environmental factors influence annual GPP (AGPP) either directly or indirectly through plant phenology and physiology. However, it remains unclear how environment, plant phenology, and physiology interact to influence the spatial patterns of global AGPP. In this study, we analyzed the geographic patterns and primary controls of the phenological and physiological properties of GPP using 827 site-years of eddy covariance data from 101 sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Specifically, the cascading relationships among environmental, phenological, and physiological factors that contribute to the spatial patterns of AGPP were tested. While the majority of ecosystems across different biomes displayed unimodal GPP seasonal patterns, significant geographical variations were observed in their phenological and physiological properties. The growing season length (GSL) decreased with increasing latitude (P < 0.001), while the maximum photosynthetic capacity (GPPmax) increased from 20°N to 70°N (P < 0.001). The foremost drivers of the spatial variation in the start date of the growing season (SGS), the end date of the growing season (EGS), and GPPmax were winter air temperature, summer precipitation, and spring solar radiation, respectively, which in turn influenced the spatial variation in AGPP. The cascade effects (0.95) of environmental factors on AGPP were larger than the direct effects (0.28). The cascading relationships among environmental factors, SGS, EGS, and GPPmax explained 93 % of the spatial pattern in AGPP. GPPmax exerted the strongest direct influence (0.60) on AGPP, followed by SGS (0.33). Environmental factors influenced the spatial variability of AGPP through cascading effects mediated by plant phenology and physiology. These findings not only provide fundamental parameters for model validation but also enhance our understanding of the intricate environmental and biotic controls governing the spatial pattern of AGPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Jin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; National Institute of Natural Hazards, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Jun Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-You Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hua Yan
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa-Wei Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Ying-Nian Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Li-Qing Sha
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Pei-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bing Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Bin Hao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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4
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Ren N, Shi L, Yin J, Zhang A. The functional traits of dominant species exerts strong effects on the biomass of ephemeral plant communities under snow experiment in the arid area, Northwest China. Oecologia 2025; 207:70. [PMID: 40287878 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-025-05713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
In the mid-latitudes, snow is an important component of seasonal precipitation and one of the most important abiotic factors affecting the ecosystem. Winter snow cover may affect plant growth and community function by changing moisture, temperature, nutrient ions and soil micro-environment. Community biomass is an important index reflecting community function, but the way snow cover affects biomass is not clear. We conducted a manipulative experiment with four levels of snow depths in Gurbantunggut Desert in Central Asia, i.e. snow removal (- S), natural snow depth (CK), doubling of snow depth (+ 2Sdouble) and tripling of snow depth (+ 3Striple). We found significantly increased plant community biomass with increasing level of snow depth as a result of increased height of the dominant species Erodium oxyrhinchum. Increases in the snow depth significantly increased the community species richness, but had no significant effect on diversity indexes. The effects of snow cover on the plant community biomass were mainly resulted from soil water of snow melting. With the increase of snow cover depth, the increase of community biomass was mainly affected by the functional traits of the dominant species. This result is consistent with the "mass ratio hypothesis". The results indicate that the increase of snow cover will promote the increase of short-lived plant productivity in arid areas, and the response of productivity to snow cover is mainly realized through the change of functional traits of dominant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jinfei Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Ailin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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5
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Yu Q, Xu C, Wu H, Ke Y, Zuo X, Luo W, Ren H, Gu Q, Wang H, Ma W, Knapp AK, Collins SL, Rudgers JA, Luo Y, Hautier Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Han G, Gao Y, He N, Zhu J, Dong S, Xin X, Yu G, Smith MD, Li L, Han X. Contrasting drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands. Nature 2025; 639:114-118. [PMID: 39880953 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems1-3 with negative consequences for nature's contribution to people4-7. The extent to which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unclear. Here, using a coordinated distributed experiment that simulated four years of growing-season drought (around 66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six representative grasslands spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America-two of the Northern Hemisphere's largest grass-dominated regions. Aboveground plant production declined substantially with drought in the Eurasian grasslands and the effects accumulated over time, while the declines were less severe and more muted over time in the North American grasslands. Drought effects on species richness shifted from positive to negative in Eurasia, but from negative to positive in North America over time. The differing responses of plant production in these grasslands were accompanied by less common (subordinate) plant species declining in Eurasian grasslands but increasing in North American grasslands. Our findings demonstrate the high production sensitivity of Eurasian compared with North American grasslands to extreme drought (43.6% versus 25.2% reduction), and the key role of subordinate species in determining impacts of extreme drought on grassland productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Ke
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wentao Luo
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Gu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Yiqi Luo
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chengjie Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station; Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guodong Han
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingzhi Gao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Desert Area of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Juntao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Linghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chai H, Ma J, Zhang J, Li J, Meng B, Wang C, Pan D, Li J, Sun W, Zhou X. Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to precipitation change in a semiarid grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025; 16:1519879. [PMID: 39980482 PMCID: PMC11840572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1519879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Carbon (C) fluxes in semiarid grasslands subject to precipitation variability play a critical role in the terrestrial C cycle. However, how ecosystem C fluxes respond to variability in precipitation (both decreases and increases precipitation along a gradient) remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment in a semiarid grassland, with six precipitation treatments (precipitation decreased by 70%, 50%, and 30% [P-70%, P-50%, and P-30%], natural precipitation [P+0%], and precipitation increased by 30% and 50% [P+30% and P+50%]) to examine how variations in precipitation influence ecosystem C fluxes, specifically focusing on gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). We found that both decreased and increased precipitation significantly altered the GEP (from -26% to 14%), but only decreased precipitation significantly reduced the ER and NEE (from 1% to 31%), relative to their values during natural precipitation. This suggests that ecosystem C fluxes are more sensitive to decreased precipitation, and respond nonlinearly to the precipitation gradient. Furthermore, structural equation modeling indicated that the soil water content was the primary controlling factor driving changes in ecosystem C fluxes. Our research underscores the nonlinear response of ecosystem C fluxes to changes in precipitation within semiarid ecosystems, particularly their sensitivity to extreme drought. Considering this nonlinear response, it is crucial to improve dynamic models of the C cycle and predict ecosystem responses to precipitation variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Duofeng Pan
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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7
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Liu S, Xue L, Yang M, Liu Y, Pan Y, Han Q. Exploring the comprehensive link between climatic factors and vegetation productivity in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:2579-2595. [PMID: 39235598 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics and cumulative effects is critical for global sustainable development. However, the response of vegetation to climate and the underlying mechanisms in different climatic zones remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the response of vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) to climatic factors and the cumulative effects across various vegetation types and climatic zones, utilizing data on precipitation (Pr), temperature (Ta), and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results showed that: (1) GPP showed significant differences among the seven climatic zones, with the highest value observed in zone VII, reaching 1860.07 gC·m- 2, and the lowest in zone I, at 126.03 gC·m- 2. (2) GPP was significantly and positively correlated with temperature in climatic zones I, IV, V, and VI and with precipitation in climatic zones I, II, and IV. Additionally, a significant positive correlated was found between SPEI and GPP in climatic zones I, II, and IV. (3) Drought exerted a cumulative effect on GPP in 45.10% of the regions within China, with an average cumulative duration of 5 months. These effects persisted for 6-8 months in zones I, II, and VII, and for 2-4 months in zones III, IV and VI. Among different vegetation types, forests experienced longest cumulative effect time of 6 months, followed by grasslands (5 months), croplands (4 months), and shrublands (4 months). The cumulative time scale decreased with increasing annual SPEI. The varying responses and accumulation of GPP to drought among different vegetation types in various climatic zones underscore the complexity of vegetation-climate interactions the response and accumulation of GPP to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- SaiHua Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lianqing Xue
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Anhui, 243031, China.
| | - Mingjie Yang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ying Pan
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qiang Han
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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8
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Tian Q, Zhang X, Wang M, He J, Xu X, He L, Yi H, Wang H. Relationship Between Evolutionary Diversity and Aboveground Biomass During 150 Years of Natural Vegetation Regeneration in Temperate China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70390. [PMID: 39381193 PMCID: PMC11459093 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While the link between plant species diversity and biomass has been well-studied, the impact of evolutionary diversity on community biomass across long timescales or ongoing change remains a subject of debate. We elucidated the association between evolutionary diversity and community aboveground biomass (AGB) using an ideal experimental system with over 150-year history of natural vegetation regeneration. Higher phylogenetic diversity facilitated the sampling effect under the influence of environmental filtering, and caused an increase in AGB. Phylogenetic structure varied from aggregation to dispersion during the later period of vegetation recovery (70-150 years), which was correlated with increases in niche complementarity and increasing AGB. Woody plant evolutionary diversity was used as a key to predict the relationship between vegetation recovery and AGB, with a total explanatory power of ~84.7%. Mixed forests composed of evergreen conifers and deciduous broadleaf forests had higher carbon sequestration potential than that of pure forests, which is advantageous for increasing top-stage AGB. This research expands our knowledge of the causes and effects of biodiversity and ecosystem function dynamics over time and space, which is important for accurately predicting future climate change effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Tian
- College of Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education MinistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess PlateauChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess PlateauChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Miaoqian Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of Urban, Rural Planning and Architectural EngineeringShangluo UniversityShangluoChina
| | - Liang He
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Haijie Yi
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess PlateauChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Haojia Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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9
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Mo Q, Nawaz S, Kulyar MF, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Rahim MF, Ahmed AE, Ijaz F, Li J. Exploring the intricacies of Pasteurella multocida dynamics in high-altitude livestock and its consequences for bovine health: A personal exploration of the yak paradox. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106799. [PMID: 39025382 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pasturella multocida (P. multocida), a gram-negative bacterium, has long been a focus of interest in animal health because of its capacity to cause different infections, including hemorrhagic septicemia. Yaks, primarily found in high-altitude environments, are among the several livestock animals affected by these bacteria. Yaks are essential to the socioeconomic life of the people who depend on them since they are adapted to the cold and hypoxic conditions of highland environments. Nevertheless, these terrains exhibit a greater incidence of P. multocida despite the severe environmental complications. This predominance has been linked to the possible attenuation of the yak's immunological responses in such circumstances and the evolution of some bacterial strains to favor survival in the respiratory passages of the animals. Moreover, these particular strains threaten other cattle populations that interact with yaks, which might result in unanticipated outbreaks in areas previously thought to be low risk. Considering these findings, designing and executing preventative and control strategies suited explicitly for these distinct biological environments is imperative. Through such strategies, yaks' health will be guaranteed, and a larger bovine population will be safeguarded against unanticipated epidemics. The current review provides thorough insights that were previously dispersed among several investigations. Its distinct method of connecting the ecology of yaks with the dynamics of infection offers substantial background information for further studies and livestock management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Md F Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Rahim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Ijaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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10
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Song J, Liang Z, Li X, Wang X, Chu X, Zhao M, Zhang X, Li P, Song W, Huang W, Han G. Precipitation changes alter plant dominant species and functional groups by changing soil salinity in a coastal salt marsh. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122235. [PMID: 39159574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Specific mechanisms of precipitation change due to global climate variability on plant communities in coastal salt marsh ecosystems remain unknown. Hence, a field manipulative precipitation experiment was established in 2014 and 5 years of field surveys of vegetation from 2017 to 2021 to explore the effects of precipitation changes on plant community composition. The results showed that changes in plant community composition were driven by dominant species, and that the dominance of key species changed significantly with precipitation gradient and time, and that these changes ultimately altered plant community traits (i.e., community density, height, and species richness). Community height increased but community density decreased with more precipitation averaged five years. Furthermore, changes in precipitation altered dominant species composition and functional groups mainly by influencing soil salinity. Salinity stress caused by decreased precipitation shifted species composition from a dominance of taller perennials and grasses to dwarf annuals and forbs, while the species richness decreased. Conversely, soil desalination caused by increased precipitation increased species richness, especially increasing in the dominance of grasses and perennials. Specifically, Apocynaceae became dominance from rare while Amaranthaceae decreased in response to increased precipitation, but Poaceae was always in a position of dominance. Meanwhile, the dominance of grasses and perennials has the cumulative effect of years and their proportion increased under the increased 60% of ambient precipitation throughout the years. However, the annual forb Suaeda glauca was gradually losing its dominance or even becoming extinct over years. Our study highlights that the differences in plant salinity tolerance are key to the effects of precipitation changes on plant communities in coastal salt marsh. These findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for predicting vegetation dynamics and developing ecological management strategies to adapt to future precipitation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Xinge Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, PR China.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peiguang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Weimin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wanxin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Guangxuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China; Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, Shandong, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
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11
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Jiang Q, Wang Z. Sensitivity of gross primary production to precipitation and the driving factors in China's agricultural ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174938. [PMID: 39047829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Recent climate warming has significantly affected the sensitivity of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) to precipitation within China's agricultural ecosystems. Nonetheless, the spatial and temporal nonlinear evolution patterns of GPP-precipitation sensitivity under climate change, as well as the underlying drivers and long-term trends of this sensitivity, are not well understood. This study employs correlation analysis to quantify the sensitivity between GPP and precipitation in China's agricultural ecosystems, and utilizes nonlinear detection algorithms to examine the long-term changes in this sensitivity. Advanced machine learning techniques and frameworks are subsequently applied to analyze the driving factors of GPP-precipitation sensitivity in China's agricultural ecosystems. The findings reveal that approximately 49.00 % of the analyzed pixels exhibit a significant positive correlation between GPP and precipitation. Nonlinear change analysis indicates spatial heterogeneity in GPP-precipitation sensitivity across China's agricultural ecosystems, with patterns showing initial increases followed by decreases accounting for 25.12 %, and patterns of initial decreases followed by increases at 13.27 %. Machine learning analysis identifies temperature, soil moisture, and crop water footprint as the primary factors influencing GPP-precipitation sensitivity in agricultural ecosystems. This study is the first to introduce crop water footprint as a significant factor in the analysis of GPP-precipitation sensitivity. It not only offers new insights into the temporal nonlinear changes and driving factors of GPP-precipitation sensitivity but also underscores the importance of enhancing agricultural water efficiency to maintain agricultural ecosystem health and ensure food security under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhu Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Luchen Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiuxiang Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zilong Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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12
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Yu T, Yan R, Xin X, Zhang X, Yin G. Simulation of the nutritional requirements and energy balance of adult cows in a northern temperate grassland. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1414096. [PMID: 38962709 PMCID: PMC11220270 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1414096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The forage-livestock balance is an important component of natural grassland management, and realizing a balance between the nutrient energy demand of domestic animals and the energy supply of grasslands is the core challenge in forage-livestock management. This study was performed at the Xieertala Ranch in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia. Using the GRAZPLAN and GrazFeed models, we examined the forage-livestock energy balance during different grazing periods and physiological stages of livestock growth under natural grazing conditions. Data on pasture conditions, climatic factors, supplemental feeding, and livestock characteristics, were used to analyze the metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm), and total metabolizable energy intake (MEItotal) of grazing livestock. The results showed that the energy balance between forage and animals differed for adult cows at different physiological stages. In the early lactation period, although the MEItotal was greater than MEm, it did not meet the requirement for ME. MEItotal was greater than ME during mid-lactation, but there was still an energy imbalance in the early and late lactation periods. In the late lactation period, MEItotal could meet ME requirements from April-September. Adult gestational lactating cows with or without calves were unable to meet their ME requirement, especially in the dry period, even though MEItotal was greater than MEm. Adult cows at different physiological stages exhibited differences in daily forage intake and rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) metabolism, and the forage intake by nonpregnant cows decreased as follows: early lactation > mid-lactation > late lactation, pregnant cows' lactation > dry period. For the degradation, digestion and synthesis of rumen MCP, early-lactation cows were similar to those in the mid-lactation group, but both were higher than those in the late-lactation group, while pregnant cows had greater degradation, digestion, and synthesis of MCP in the lactation period relative to the dry period. For lactating cows, especially those with calves, grazing energy requirements, methane emission metabolism and heat production were highest in August, with increased energy expenditure in winter. Overall, grazing energy, methane emissions and heat production by dry cows were low. In the context of global climate change and grassland degradation, managers must adopt different strategies according to the physiological stages of livestock to ensure a forage-livestock balance and the sustainable utilization and development of grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruirui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Hulun Buir Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hailar, China
| | - Guomei Yin
- Grassland Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
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13
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Sperdouli I, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydın T, Bayçu G, Moustakas M. Mechanistic Insights on Salicylic Acid-Induced Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Basil Plants under Non-Stress or Mild Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5728. [PMID: 38891916 PMCID: PMC11171592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) functions were investigated in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants sprayed with 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) under non-stress (NS) or mild drought-stress (MiDS) conditions. Under MiDS, SA-sprayed leaves retained significantly higher (+36%) chlorophyll content compared to NS, SA-sprayed leaves. PSII efficiency in SA-sprayed leaves under NS conditions, evaluated at both low light (LL, 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and high light (HL, 900 μmol photons m-2 s-1), increased significantly with a parallel significant decrease in the excitation pressure at PSII (1-qL) and the excess excitation energy (EXC). This enhancement of PSII efficiency under NS conditions was induced by the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) that reduced singlet oxygen (1O2) production, as indicated by the reduced quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO). Under MiDS, the thylakoid structure of water-sprayed leaves appeared slightly dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to NS conditions. In contrast, the thylakoid structure of SA-sprayed leaves did not change under MiDS, while PSII functionality was retained, similar to NS plants at HL. This was due to the photoprotective heat dissipation by NPQ, which was sufficient to retain the same percentage of open PSII reaction centers (qp), as in NS conditions and HL. We suggest that the redox status of the plastoquinone pool (qp) under MiDS and HL initiated the acclimation response to MiDS in SA-sprayed leaves, which retained the same electron transport rate (ETR) with control plants. Foliar spray of SA could be considered as a method to improve PSII efficiency in basil plants under NS conditions, at both LL and HL, while under MiDS and HL conditions, basil plants could retain PSII efficiency similar to control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tuğba Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Wu Y, Li F, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li H, Zhou B, Shen B, Hou L, Xu D, Ding L, Chen S, Liu X, Peng J. Spatial and temporal patterns of above- and below- ground biomass over the Tibet Plateau grasslands and their sensitivity to climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170900. [PMID: 38354804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The sensitivity of grassland above- (AGB, gC m-2) and below-ground biomass (BGB, gC m-2) to climate has been shown to be significant on the Tibetan Plateau, however, the spatial patterns and sensitivity of biomass with altitudinal change needs to be quantitated. In this study, large data sets of AGB and BGB during the peak growth season, and the corresponding geographical and climate conditions in the grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau between 2001 and 2020 were analyzed, and modelled using a Cubist regression trees algorithm. The mean values for AGB and BGB were 61.3 and 1304.3 gC m-2, respectively, for the whole region over the two decades. There was a significant change in spatial AGB of 64.8 % on the Plateau (P < 0.05, with areas where AGB increased being twice as large as areas where AGB decreased), while BGB did not change significantly in majority the of the region (≥ 90.1 %, P > 0.05). In general, the areas where AGB showed positive partial correlations with precipitation were larger than the areas where AGB had positive correlations with temperature (P < 0.05). However, these trends varied depending on the climatic conditions: in the wetter regions, temperature had a greater effect on the size of the areas with positive AGB responses than precipitation (P < 0.05), while precipitation had a greater effect on the size of areas with positive BGB changes than temperature (P < 0.05). In the drier areas, however, precipitation affected the AGB response significantly compared to temperature (P < 0.05), while temperature influenced the BGB response greater than precipitation (P < 0.05). The response and sensitivity of grassland biomass to temperature and precipitation varied according to the altitude of the Plateau: the response and sensitivity were stronger and more sensitive at medium altitudes, and weak at the higher or lower altitudes. Likely, this phenomenon was resulted from the natural selection of plants to maintain the efficient use of resources during un-favourable and stressed conditions for maximum plant development and growth. These findings will help assess the ecological consequences of global climate change for the grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau, particularly in those regions with highly variable altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fu Li
- Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Remote Sensing Center of China, No. 8A Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China
| | - YiLiang Liu
- National Remote Sensing Center of China, No. 8A Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Han Li
- National Remote Sensing Center of China, No. 8A Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Bingrong Zhou
- Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Beibei Shen
- Aerospace Science and Industry (Beijing) Spatial Information Application Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jinbang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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15
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Liu J, Wennberg PO. An emergent constraint on the thermal sensitivity of photosynthesis and greenness in the high latitude northern forests. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6189. [PMID: 38485968 PMCID: PMC11319809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the general consensus that the warming over the high latitudes northern forests (HLNF) has led to enhanced photosynthetic activity and contributed to the greening trend, isolating the impact of temperature increase on photosynthesis and greenness has been difficult due to the concurring influence of the CO2 fertilization effect. Here, using an ensemble of simulations from biogeochemical models that have contributed to the Trends in Net Land Atmosphere Carbon Exchange project (TRENDY), we identify an emergent relationship between the simulation of the climate-driven temporal changes in both gross primary productivity (GPP) and greenness (Leaf Area Index, LAI) and the model's spatial sensitivity of these quantities to growing-season (GS) temperature. Combined with spatially-resolved observations of LAI and GPP, we estimate that GS-LAI and GS-GPP increase by 17.0 ± 2.4% and 24.0 ± 3.0% per degree of warming, respectively. The observationally-derived sensitivities of LAI and GPP to temperature are about 40% and 71% higher, respectively, than the mean of the ensemble of simulations from TRENDY, primarily due to the model underestimation of the sensitivity of light use efficiency to temperature. We estimate that the regional mean GS-GPP increased 28.2 ± 5.1% between 1983-1986 and 2013-2016, much larger than the 5.8 ± 1.4% increase from the CO2 fertilization effect implied by Wenzel et al. This suggests that warming, not CO2 fertilization, is primarily responsible for the observed dramatic changes in the HLNF biosphere over the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
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Jing H, Xiong X, Jiang F, Pu X, Ma W, Li D, Liu Z, Wang Z. Climate change filtered out resource-acquisitive plants in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:403-413. [PMID: 37606847 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems, changing community composition and ecosystem functions. However, we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies (different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits, including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy) would change in response to climate change, and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity. Here, using long-term (1982-2017) observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness (SR) and functional richness (FRic) for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies. Specifically, based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum (leaf carbon concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf phosphorus concentration, and specific leaf area), we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive, medium, and resource-conservative species. We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies. We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate, which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species. However, community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change. Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Jing
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xingshuo Xiong
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xucai Pu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhong Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Zhongling Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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17
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Zhou Y, Chang S, Huang X, Wang W, Hou F, Wang Y, Nan Z. Assembly of typical steppe community and functional groups along the precipitation gradient from 1985 to 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167545. [PMID: 37793455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term observations have shown that structure and function of grasslands have changed due to climate change over the past decades. However, little is known about how grasslands respond to climate change along the precipitation gradient, and potential mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we utilize a long-term experiment in typical steppe to explore universal and differential mechanisms of community and functional groups assembly along the precipitation gradient. Our results indicated that the sensitivity of community and functional groups assembly to climate change was related to local precipitation. The strength of the positive effects of climate change on aboveground biomass, species richness, and their relationship of community decreased modestly with local precipitation. The mechanism behind this was the change in plant community composition of the precipitation-induced, annuals that was more responsive to climate change decreased as increased local precipitation. Furthermore, current and past climate both drove community and functional group assembly, and the role of past climate diminished with increasing local precipitation. Among them, climate fluctuation, average climate and current climate were the most critical climate indicators affecting community and functional groups assembly in low, medium and high precipitation sites, respectively. In conclusion, climatic change do not always exert identical effects on grasslands along the precipitation gradient. This could be critical importance for improving our ability to predict future changes in grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Zhang A, Yin J, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhou X, Guo H. Plants alter their aboveground and belowground biomass allocation and affect community-level resistance in response to snow cover change in Central Asia, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166059. [PMID: 37543343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
It is important to elucidate the changing distribution pattern of net primary productivity (NPP) to mechanistically understand the changes in aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions. In water-scarce desert environments, snow provides a crucial supply of water for plant development and the spread of herbaceous species. Yet uncertainty persists regarding how herbaceous plants' NPP allocation responds to variation in snow cover. The goal of this study was to investigate how variation in snow cover in a temperate desert influenced the NPP allocation dynamics of herbaceous species and their resistance to environmental change in terms aboveground and belowground productivity. In the Gurbantunggut Desert, wintertime snow cover depth was adjusted in plots by applying four treatments: snow removal (-S), ambient snow, double snow (+S), and triple snow (+2S). We examined their species richness, aboveground NPP (ANPP), belowground NPP (BNPP), and the resistance of ANPP and BNPP. We found that species diversity of the aboveground community increased significantly with increasing snow cover and decreased significantly Pielou evenness in plots. This resulted in greater ANPP with increasing snow cover; meanwhile, BNPP first increased and then decreased with increasing snow cover. However, this productivity in different soil layers responded differently to changed snow cover. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, productivity first rose and then declined, while it declined linearly in both the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, whereas in the 30-40 cm soil layer it showed an increasing trend. Belowground resistance would increase given that greater snow cover improved the BNPP in deeper soil and maintained the resource provisioning for plant growth, thus improving overall belowground stability. These results can serve as a promising research foundation for future work on how the functioning of desert ecosystems becomes altered due to changes in plant community expansion and, in particular, changes in snow cover driven by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jinfei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Ruzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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Qiqige B, Wei B, Wei Y, Liu M, Bi Y, Xu R, Liu N, Yang G, Zhang Y. Climate, not grazing, influences soil microbial diversity through changes in vegetation and abiotic factors on geographical patterns in the Eurasian steppe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238077. [PMID: 37745991 PMCID: PMC10511900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing has a significant impact on the biodiversity of nature grassland ecosystems, which is mainly regulated by climate factors. Soil microbes are essential components of biogeochemical cycles. However, the coupling effects of grazing with MAT (mean annual temperature) and MAP (mean annual precipitation) on soil microbial communities remain inconsistent. Our study considered the various climates in four grasslands as natural temperature and precipitation gradients combined with grazing intensity (GI). We collected and analyzed vegetation and soil physiochemical properties from four grasslands. Our results showed that climate factors (CF) changed β diversity of soil bacteria and fungi while grazing intensity and their interaction merely affected fungi β diversity. Furthermore, climate factors and grazing intensity impacted changes in vegetation and soil physiochemical properties, with their interaction leading to changes in EC and MBC. Our analysis revealed that climate factors contributed 13.1% to bacteria community variation while grazing intensity contributed 3.01% to fungi community variation. Piecewise SEM analysis demonstrated that MAT and MAP were essential predictors of bacteria β diversity, which was significantly affected by vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen. At the same time, MAP was an essential factor of fungi β diversity and was mainly affected by soil nitrogen. Our study indicated that bacteria and fungi β diversity was affected by different environmental processes and can adapt to specific grazing intensities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bademu Qiqige
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Wei
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yixian Bi
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Gaowen Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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20
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Sperdouli I, Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M. Hormesis Responses of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana under Water Deficit Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119573. [PMID: 37298524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since drought stress is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the molecular mechanisms of photosynthetic responses to water deficit stress is, therefore, fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis, we evaluated the responses of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (cv Columbia-0) at the onset of water deficit stress (OnWDS) and under mild water deficit stress (MiWDS) and moderate water deficit stress (MoWDS). Moreover, we tried to illuminate the underlying mechanisms in the differential response of PSII in young and mature leaves to water deficit stress in the model plant A. thaliana. Water deficit stress induced a hormetic dose response of PSII function in both leaf types. A U-shaped biphasic response curve of the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) in A. thaliana young and mature leaves was observed, with an inhibition at MiWDS that was followed by an increase in ΦPSII at MoWDS. Young leaves exhibited lower oxidative stress, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and higher levels of anthocyanin content compared to mature leaves under both MiWDS (+16%) and MoWDS (+20%). The higher ΦPSII of young leaves resulted in a decreased quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), under both MiWDS (-13%) and MoWDS (-19%), compared to mature leaves. Since ΦNO represents singlet-excited oxygen (1O2) generation, this decrease resulted in lower excess excitation energy at PSII, in young leaves under both MiWDS (-10%) and MoWDS (-23%), compared to mature leaves. The hormetic response of PSII function in both young and mature leaves is suggested to be triggered, under MiWDS, by the intensified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is considered to be beneficial for activating stress defense responses. This stress defense response that was induced at MiWDS triggered an acclimation response in A. thaliana young leaves and provided tolerance to PSII when water deficit stress became more severe (MoWDS). We concluded that the hormesis responses of PSII in A. thaliana under water deficit stress are regulated by the leaf developmental stage that modulates anthocyanin accumulation in a stress-dependent dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, GR-14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhao X, Feng Y, Xu K, Cao M, Hu S, Yang Q, Liu X, Ma Q, Hu T, Kelly M, Guo Q, Su Y. Canopy structure: An intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:179-187. [PMID: 38932927 PMCID: PMC11197697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands are one of the largest coupled human-nature terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, and severe anthropogenic-induced grassland ecosystem function declines have been reported recently. Understanding factors influencing grassland ecosystem functions is critical for making sustainable management policies. Canopy structure is an important factor influencing plant growth through mediating within-canopy microclimate (e.g., light, water, and wind), and it is found coordinating tightly with plant species diversity to influence forest ecosystem functions. However, the role of canopy structure in regulating grassland ecosystem functions along with plant species diversity has been rarely investigated. Here, we investigated this problem by collecting field data from 170 field plots distributed along an over 2000 km transect across the northern agro-pastoral ecotone of China. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and resilience, two indicators of grassland ecosystem functions, were measured from field data and satellite remote sensing data. Terrestrial laser scanning data were collected to measure canopy structure (represented by mean height and canopy cover). Our results showed that plant species diversity was positively correlated to canopy structural traits, and negatively correlated to human activity intensity. Canopy structure was a significant indicator for ANPP and resilience, but their correlations were inconsistent under different human activity intensity levels. Compared to plant species diversity, canopy structural traits were better indicators for grassland ecosystem functions, especially for ANPP. Through structure equation modeling analyses, we found that plant species diversity did not have a direct influence on ANPP under human disturbances. Instead, it had a strong indirect effect on ANPP by altering canopy structural traits. As to resilience, plant species diversity had both a direct positive contribution and an indirect contribution through mediating canopy cover. This study highlights that canopy structure is an important intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances, which should be included in future grassland monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhao Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, China National Intellectual Property Administration, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
| | - Mengqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maggi Kelly
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Zhu Z, Wang H, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Qiao S, Tan S. Optimality principles explaining divergent responses of alpine vegetation to environmental change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:126-142. [PMID: 36176241 PMCID: PMC10092415 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in vegetation greenness over much of the world reflect increasing CO2 globally and warming in cold areas. However, the strength of the response to both CO2 and warming in those areas appears to be declining for unclear reasons, contributing to large uncertainties in predicting how vegetation will respond to future global changes. Here, we investigated the changes of satellite-observed peak season absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Fmax ) on the Tibetan Plateau between 1982 and 2016. Although climate trends are similar across the Plateau, we identified robust divergent responses (a greening of 0.31 ± 0.14% year-1 in drier regions and a browning of 0.12 ± 0.08% year-1 in wetter regions). Using an eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) concept of plant acclimation/adaptation, we propose a parsimonious modelling framework that quantitatively explains these changes in terms of water and energy limitations. Our model captured the variations in Fmax with a correlation coefficient (r) of .76 and a root mean squared error of .12 and predicted the divergent trends of greening (0.32 ± 0.19% year-1 ) and browning (0.07 ± 0.06% year-1 ). We also predicted the observed reduced sensitivities of Fmax to precipitation and temperature. The model allows us to explain these changes: Enhanced growing season cumulative radiation has opposite effects on water use and energy uptake. Increased precipitation has an overwhelmingly positive effect in drier regions, whereas warming reduces Fmax in wetter regions by increasing the cost of building and maintaining leaf area. Rising CO2 stimulates vegetation growth by enhancing water-use efficiency, but its effect on photosynthesis saturates. The large decrease in the sensitivity of vegetation to climate reflects a shift from water to energy limitation. Our study demonstrates the potential of EEO approaches to reveal the mechanisms underlying recent trends in vegetation greenness and provides further insight into the response of alpine ecosystems to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES)University of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shengchao Qiao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shen Tan
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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23
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Melatonin in Micro-Tom Tomato: Improved Drought Tolerance via the Regulation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Membrane Stability, Osmoprotectants, and Root System. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111922. [PMID: 36431057 PMCID: PMC9696799 DOI: 10.3390/life12111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variations caused by global climate change significantly affect plant yield and productivity. Because water scarcity is one of the most significant risks to agriculture's future, improving the performance of plants to cope with water stress is critical. Our research scrutinized the impact of melatonin application on the photosynthetic machinery, photosynthetic physiology, root system, osmoprotectant accumulation, and oxidative stress in tomato plants during drought. The results showed that melatonin-treated tomato plants had remarkably higher water levels, gas exchange activities, root system morphological parameters (average diameter, root activity, root forks, projected area, root crossings, root volume, root surface area, root length, root tips, and root numbers), osmoprotectant (proline, trehalose, fructose, sucrose, and GB) accumulation, and transcript levels of the photosynthetic genes SlPsb28, SlPetF, SlPsbP, SlPsbQ, SlPetE, and SlPsbW. In addition, melatonin effectively maintained the plants' photosynthetic physiology. Moreover, melatonin treatment maintained the soluble protein content and antioxidant capacity during drought. Melatonin application also resulted in membrane stability, evidenced by less electrolyte leakage and lower H2O2, MDA, and O2- levels in the drought-stress environment. Additionally, melatonin application enhanced the antioxidant defense enzymes and antioxidant-stress-resistance-related gene (SlCAT1, SlAPX, SlGR, SlDHAR, SlPOD, and SOD) transcript levels in plants. These outcomes imply that the impacts of melatonin treatment on improving drought resistance could be ascribed to the mitigation of photosynthetic function inhibition, the enhancement of the water status, and the alleviation of oxidative stress in tomato plants. Our study findings reveal new and incredible aspects of the response of melatonin-treated tomato plants to drought stress and provide a list of candidate targets for increasing plant tolerance to the drought-stress environment.
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Zeng X, Hu Z, Chen A, Yuan W, Hou G, Han D, Liang M, Di K, Cao R, Luo D. The global decline in the sensitivity of vegetation productivity to precipitation from 2001 to 2018. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6823-6833. [PMID: 36054066 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of vegetation productivity to precipitation (Sppt ) is a key metric for understanding the variations in vegetation productivity under changing precipitation and predicting future changes in ecosystem functions. However, a comprehensive assessment of Sppt over all the global land is lacking. Here, we investigated spatial patterns and temporal changes of Sppt across the global land from 2001 to 2018 with multiple streams of satellite observations. We found consistent spatial patterns of Sppt with different satellite products: Sppt was highest in dry regions while low in humid regions. Grassland and shrubland showed the highest Sppt , and evergreen needle-leaf forest and wetland showed the lowest. Temporally, Sppt showed a generally declining trend over the past two decades (p < .05), yet with clear spatial heterogeneities. The decline in Sppt was especially noticeable in North America and Europe, likely due to the increase in precipitation. In central Russia and Australia, however, Sppt showed an increasing trend. Biome-wise, most ecosystem types exhibited significant decrease in Sppt , while grassland, evergreen broadleaf forest, and mixed forest showed slight increases or non-significant changes in Sppt . Our finding of the overall decline in Sppt implies a potential stabilization mechanism for ecosystem productivity under climate change. However, the revealed Sppt increase for some regions and ecosystem types, in particular global grasslands, suggests that grasslands might be increasingly vulnerable to climatic variability with continuing global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong, China
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Guolong Hou
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daorui Han
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqi Liang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Di
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruochen Cao
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengnan Luo
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Moustakas M, Dobrikova A, Sperdouli I, Hanć A, Adamakis IDS, Moustaka J, Apostolova E. A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11232. [PMID: 36232535 PMCID: PMC9569477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of Salvia sclarea plants to excess Zn for 8 days resulted in increased Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations, but decreased Mg, in the aboveground tissues. The significant increase in the aboveground tissues of Mn, which is vital in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), contributed to the higher efficiency of the OEC, and together with the increased Fe, which has a fundamental role as a component of the enzymes involved in the electron transport process, resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR). The decreased Mg content in the aboveground tissues contributed to decreased chlorophyll content that reduced excess absorption of sunlight and operated to improve PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), decreasing excess energy at PSII and lowering the degree of photoinhibition, as judged from the increased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The molecular mechanism by which Zn-treated leaves displayed an improved PSII photochemistry was the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) and, mainly, the increased efficiency of the reaction centers (Fv'/Fm') that enhanced ETR. Elemental bioimaging of Zn and Ca by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) revealed their co-localization in the mid-leaf veins. The high Zn concentration was located in the mid-leaf-vein area, while mesophyll cells accumulated small amounts of Zn, thus resembling a spatiotemporal heterogenous response and suggesting an adaptive strategy. These findings contribute to our understanding of how exposure to excess Zn triggered a hormetic response of PSII photochemistry. Exposure of aromatic and medicinal plants to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate the deficiency of Fe and Zn, which are essential micronutrients for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter (ELGO-Demeter), 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Qian R, Hao Y, Li L, Zheng Z, Wen F, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhao T, Tang Z, Du J, Xue K. Joint control of seasonal timing and plant function types on drought responses of soil respiration in a semiarid grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974418. [PMID: 36046587 PMCID: PMC9421296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, droughts are the most widespread climate factor impacting carbon (C) cycling. However, as the second-largest terrestrial C flux, the responses of soil respiration (Rs) to extreme droughts co-regulated by seasonal timing and PFT (plant functional type) are still not well understood. Here, a manipulative extreme-duration drought experiment (consecutive 30 days without rainfall) was designed to address the importance of drought timing (early-, mid-, or late growing season) for Rs and its components (heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra)) under three PFT treatments (two graminoids, two shrubs, and their combination). The results suggested that regardless of PFT, the mid-drought had the greatest negative effects while early-drought overall had little effect on Rh and its dominated Rs. However, PFT treatments had significant effects on Rh and Rs in response to the late drought, which was PFT-dependence: reduction in shrubs and combination but not in graminoids. Path analysis suggested that the decrease in Rs and Rh under droughts was through low soil water content induced reduction in MBC and GPP. These findings demonstrate that responses of Rs to droughts depend on seasonal timing and communities. Future droughts with different seasonal timing and induced shifts in plant structure would bring large uncertainty in predicting C dynamics under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqi Wen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Tang
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xu M, Zhao Z, Zhou H, Ma L, Liu X. Plant Allometric Growth Enhanced by the Change in Soil Stoichiometric Characteristics With Depth in an Alpine Meadow Under Climate Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860980. [PMID: 35615124 PMCID: PMC9125202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global warming have warmed the climate of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) leading to changes in plant growth and soil nutrients in the alpine meadows. However, few studies have addressed the effects of warming on plant allometric growth and soil stoichiometry in these meadows on a long-term scale. Therefore, the effects of soil stoichiometry on plant allometric growth remain unclear under long-term warming in the alpine meadows. This study adopted infrared radiators to conduct an 8-year warming experiment in a permafrost region on the QTP starting in 2010, and surveyed growth indices of the plant community during the growing season. Soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) in an alpine meadow were measured. We initially learned that the aboveground part of the alpine meadow vegetation in the warming treatment changed from an isometric to an allometric growth pattern while the allometric growth pattern of the belowground part was further strengthened. Second, the contents of soil C, N, and P decreased at the 0-20 cm depth and increased at the 20-30 cm depth in warming. The ratios of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P showed increasing trends at different soil depths with artificial warming, and their amplitudes increased with soil depths. Warming promoted the migration of soil stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P to deep soil. Finally, the correlations of plant growth with soil stoichiometric characteristics were weakened by warming, demonstrating that the downward migration of soil stoichiometric characteristics to deep soil in warming had effects on the growth of vegetation in the alpine meadow. It concludes that the change in soil stoichiometric characteristics with soil depths promotes plant allometric growth in the alpine meadow under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhou Xu
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
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Liu D, Chang PHS, Power SA, Bell JNB, Manning P. Changes in plant species abundance alter the multifunctionality and functional space of heathland ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1238-1249. [PMID: 34346089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though it is well established that species composition affects ecosystem function, the way in which species combine to control overall ecosystem functioning is still debated. In experimental mesocosms, we planted three functionally distinct dry-heath species in varying proportions and measured multiple ecosystem properties related to nutrient cycling and carbon storage (hereafter functions). Overall ecosystem functioning was described as the main axes of variation in ecosystem functioning (functional space) and the proportion of ecosystem functions at high levels; for example, fast carbon and nutrient cycling (cluster-based multifunctionality). The first functional space axis, related to nitrogen availability, was driven by plant species abundance, particularly that of legumes, which strongly affected many individual functions. The second, related to total plant biomass and woodiness, was mostly driven by the abundance of dwarf shrubs. Similarly, cluster-based multifunctionality was related to the initial abundance of all species, but particularly the legume. Interactions between species also affected ecosystem multifunctionality, but these effects were smaller in magnitude. These results indicate that species interactions could play a secondary role to species abundance and identity in driving the overall ecosystem functioning of heathlands, but also that axes of variation in functional space are clearly linked to plant functional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Catalonia, E-08193, Spain
| | - Pi-Hui S Chang
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Research Division III, Taiwan Research Institute on Water Resources and Agriculture (TRIWRA), 19F, No. 27-8, Section 2, Zhongzheng East Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Sally A Power
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John N B Bell
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Peter Manning
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, D-60325, Germany
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Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of the weather conditions, due to global climate change, greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, but also plant survival. Since water shortage is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the capability of crop species to grow with limited water is therefore fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, we evaluated the responses of wild tomato accession Solanum pennellii LA0716, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Μ82, the introgression line IL12-4 (from cv. M82 Χ LA0716), and the Greek tomato cultivars cv. Santorini and cv. Zakinthos, to moderate drought stress (MoDS) and severe drought stress (SDS), in order to identify the minimum irrigation level for efficient photosynthetic performance. Agronomic traits (plant height, number of leaves and root/shoot biomass), relative water content (RWC), and lipid peroxidation, were also measured. Under almost 50% deficit irrigation, S. pennellii exhibited an enhanced photosynthetic function by displaying a hormetic response of electron transport rate (ETR), due to an increased fraction of open reaction centers, it is suggested to be activated by the low increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A low increase of ROS is regarded to be beneficial by stimulating defense responses and also triggering a more oxidized redox state of quinone A (QA), corresponding in S. pennellii under 50% deficit irrigation, to the lowest stomatal opening, resulting in reduction of water loss. Solanumpennellii was the most tolerant to drought, as it was expected, and could manage to have an adequate photochemical function with almost 30% water regime of well-watered plants. With 50% deficit irrigation, cv. Μ82 and cv. Santorini did not show any difference in photochemical efficiency to control plants and are recommended to be cultivated under deficit irrigation as an effective strategy to enhance agricultural sustainability under a global climate change. We conclude that instead of the previously used Fv/Fm ratio, the redox state of QA, as it can be estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1 - qL, is a better indicator to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency and select drought tolerant cultivars under deficit irrigation.
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