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Bridgman SL, Penfold S, Field CJ, Haqq AM, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Turvey SE, Simons E, Subbarao P, Kozyrskyj AL. Pre-labor and post-labor cesarean delivery and early childhood adiposity in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:717-724. [PMID: 38302592 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Delivery by cesarean section (CS) compared to vaginal delivery has been associated with increased risk of overweight in childhood. Our study examined if the presence or absence of labor events in CS delivery altered risk of overweight in early childhood (1-5 years) compared to vaginal delivery and if this association differed according to infant sex. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 3073 mother-infant pairs from the CHILD Cohort Study in Canada. Data from birth records were used to categorize infants as having been vaginally delivered, or delivered by CS, with or without labor events. Age and sex adjusted weight-for-length (WFL) and body mass index (BMI) z scores were calculated from height and weight data from clinic visits at 1, 3 and 5 years and used to classify children as overweight. Associations between delivery mode and child overweight at each timepoint were assessed using regression models, adjusting for relevant confounding factors including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Effect modification by infant sex was tested. RESULTS One in four infants (24.6%) were born by CS delivery; 13.0% involved labor events and 11.6% did not. Infants born by CS without labor had an increased odds of being overweight at age 1 year compared to vaginally delivered infants after adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal diabetes, smoking, infant sex and birthweight-for-gestational age (aOR 1.68 [95% CI 1.05-2.67]). These effects did not persist to 3 or 5 years of age and, after stratification by sex, were only seen in boys (aOR at 1 year 2.21 [95% CI 1.26-3.88]). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Our findings add to the body of evidence that CS, in particular CS without labor events, may be a risk factor for overweight in early life, and that this association may be sex-specific. These findings could help to identify children at higher risk for developing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Bridgman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Suzanne Penfold
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Toubon G, Butel MJ, Rozé JC, Delannoy J, Ancel PY, Aires J, Charles MA. Association between gut microbiota at 3.5 years of age and body mass index at 5 years: results from two French nationwide birth cohorts. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:503-511. [PMID: 38097759 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The relationship between gut microbiota and changes in body mass index (BMI) or pediatric overweight in early life remains unclear, and information regarding the preterm population is scarce. This study aimed to investigate how the gut microbiota at 3.5 years of age is associated with (1) later BMI at 5 years, and (2) BMI z-score variations between 2 and 5 years in children from two French nationwide birth cohorts. SUBJECTS/METHODS Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to profile the gut microbiota at 3.5 years of age in preterm children (n = 143, EPIPAGE 2 cohort) and late preterm/full-term children (n = 369, ELFE cohort). The predicted abundances of metabolic functions were computed using PICRUSt2. Anthropometric measurements were collected at 2 and 5 years of age during medical examinations or retrieved from children's health records. Statistical analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regressions, random forest variable selection, and MiRKAT. RESULTS The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio at 3.5 years was positively associated with the BMI z-score at 5 years. Several genera were positively ([Eubacterium] hallii group, Fusicatenibacter, and [Eubacterium] ventriosum group) or negatively (Eggerthella, Colidextribacter, and Ruminococcaceae CAG-352) associated with the BMI z-scores at 5 years. Some genera were also associated with variations in the BMI z-scores between 2 and 5 years of age. Predicted metabolic functions, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, biotin metabolism, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, were associated with lower BMI z-scores at 5 years. The unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis pathway was associated with higher BMI z-scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the gut microbiota at 3.5 years is associated with later BMI during childhood, independent of preterm or term birth, suggesting that changes in the gut microbiota that may predispose to adult obesity begin in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Toubon
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie-José Butel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- INRAE, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Centre d'investigation clinique 1413, Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Johanne Delannoy
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Julio Aires
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France.
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.
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3
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Peng Y, Tun HM, Ng SC, Wai HKF, Zhang X, Parks J, Field CJ, Mandhane P, Moraes TJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Brook JR, Takaro TK, Scott JA, Chan FKL, Kozyrskyj AL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of gut microbiome-associated childhood overweight and obesity. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323234. [PMID: 38436093 PMCID: PMC10913716 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is linked to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Gut microbiota may partially mediate this association and could be potential targets for intervention; however, its role is understudied. We included 1,592 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infants Longitudinal Development Cohort. Data on environmental exposure and lifestyle factors were collected prenatally and throughout the first three years. Weight outcomes were measured at one and three years of age. Stool samples collected at 3 and 12 months were analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA to profile microbial compositions and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify the metabolites. We showed that quitting smoking during pregnancy did not lower the risk of offspring being overweight. However, exclusive breastfeeding until the third month of age may alleviate these risks. We also reported that maternal smoking during pregnancy significantly increased Firmicutes abundance and diversity. We further revealed that Firmicutes diversity mediates the elevated risk of childhood overweight and obesity linked to maternal prenatal smoking. This effect possibly occurs through excessive microbial butyrate production. These findings add to the evidence that women should quit smoking before their pregnancies to prevent microbiome-mediated childhood overweight and obesity risk, and indicate the potential obesogenic role of excessive butyrate production in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hogan Kok-Fung Wai
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jaclyn Parks
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Piush Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Francis KL Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hamjane N, Mechita MB, Nourouti NG, Barakat A. Gut microbiota dysbiosis -associated obesity and its involvement in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104601. [PMID: 37690507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease caused by various factors. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and its complications has attracted increasing interest. PURPOSE This article focuses on the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis induces insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases linked to obesity, highlighting the mechanisms explaining the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-associated inflammation in the onset of these pathologies. METHODS A systematic study was carried out to understand and summarize the published results on this topic. More than 150 articles were included in this search, including different types of studies, consulted by an online search in English using various electronic search databases and predefined keywords related to the objectives of our study. RESULTS We have summarized the data from the articles consulted in this search, and we have found a major gut microbiota alteration in obesity, characterized by a specific decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria and the production of metabolites and components that lead to metabolic impairments and affect the progression of various diseases associated with obesity through distinct signaling pathways, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We have also focused on the major role of inflammation as a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic complications by explaining the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of various obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, among them type 2 diabetes and CVD, and represents a major challenge for chronic disease prevention and health. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota appears to be a promising target for the nutritional or therapeutic management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco.
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
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He P, Shen X, Guo S. Intestinal flora and linear growth in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1252035. [PMID: 38034825 PMCID: PMC10687454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1252035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human growth and development as well as the regulation of human pathophysiological processes. According to research, the gut microbiota controls the host's growth and development in areas such as nutrition, metabolism, endocrine hormones, and immune modulation. The human gut microbiota has an important role in child and adolescent growth, especially when nutritional conditions are poor. In this review, we focus on recent findings about the gut microbiota's influence on child growth, including the relationship between the gut microbiota and linear growth during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Furthermore, we also review some mechanisms by which intestinal flora influence the host's linear growth. Although the data supports a link between intestinal flora and linear development in children, our review has limitations that prohibit us from fully verifying the causal relationship between gut flora and linear development in children. Improving the gut microbiota, in conjunction with renutrition techniques, has the potential to ameliorate the growth and development impairments currently associated with chronic illness and malnutrition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Costa JA, Seabra A. Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2459. [PMID: 37685493 PMCID: PMC10487561 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition that the gut microbiota of obese children differs from lean children has grown, and some studies suggest that physical activity positively influences the gut microbiota. This systematic review explores the changes in the gut microbiota composition of obese and non-obese children and adolescents and provides an understanding of the effects of physical activity interventions in modulating their microbiota. The PRISMA protocol was used across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, twenty-four research papers were included in accordance with the chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen studies compared the gut microbiota of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and six studies explored the effect of physical activity interventions on the gut microbiota. The analysis indicated that obese gut microbiota is reduced in Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity but enriched in Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus. Interventions with physical activity seem to improve the alpha diversity and beneficial bacteria linked to body weight loss in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota of obese children exhibited a remarkably individual variation. More interventions are needed to clearly and accurately explore the relationships between child obesity, gut microbiota, and physical activity and to develop approaches to decrease the incidence of paediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
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7
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Hao SR, Zhou YY, Zhang X, Jiang HY. Gut microbiome profiles may be related to atypical antipsychotic associated overweight in Asian children with psychiatric disorder: a preliminary study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1124846. [PMID: 37207186 PMCID: PMC10189138 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Atypical antipsychotics (APs) modify the gut microbiome, and weight gain in response to AP could be mediated by the gut microbiome. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the changes in the gut bacterial microbiome in AP-exposed children with obesity. Methods To rule out the confounder of AP indication, the gut bacterial microbiome was compared between healthy controls (Con) and AP-exposed individuals with overweight (APO) or normal weight (APN). Fifty-seven AP-treated outpatients (21 APO and 36 APN) and 25 Con were included in this cross-sectional microbiota study. Results AP users, regardless of body mass index, exhibited decreased microbial richness and diversity and a distinct metagenomic composition compared to the Con. Although no differences in the microbiota structure were observed between APO and APN groups, the APO group was characterised by a higher abundance of Megamonas and Lachnospira. Additionally, the differences in the microbial functions were observed between APO and APN groups. Conclusions The gut bacterial microbiota of APO children revealed taxonomic and functional differences compared to Con and APN. Further studies are needed to verify these findings and to explore the temporal and causal relationships between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-rui Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-yue Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-yin Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-yin Jiang, ;
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Thompson MS, Hui Yan T, Saari N, Sarbini SR. A review: Resistant starch, a promising prebiotic for obesity and weight management. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Liang Y, Deng MG, Jian Q, Zhang M, Chen S. The causal impact of childhood obesity on bone mineral density and fracture in adulthood: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:945125. [PMID: 36185695 PMCID: PMC9515586 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.945125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have indicated the associations between obesity with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture but yield inconsistent results. The impact of childhood obesity on bone health in adulthood is even less clear. The present study adopted the Mendelian randomization methods to determine whether the genetically predicted childhood obesity was causally associated with BMD and the risk of fracture. Genetic variants were extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify childhood obesity loci [IEU open GWAS project: childhood obesity (ID: ieu-a-1096)] and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables to investigate causality. We used two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal relationships between childhood obesity on BMD and fracture subtypes based on SNPs from European samples. To avoid bias, Cochran's Q test and leave-one-out variant analysis were performed. The MR analysis shows strong evidence that childhood obesity is causally associated with eBMD (OR 1.068, 95% CI 1.043–1.095, P < 0.001) and a weak decreased risk of leg fracture (OR 0.9990, 95% CI 0.9981–0.9999, P =0.033) based on the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. After adjusting for diabetes and adult obesity, the results of eBMD remained the same. The MR analysis revealed sufficient evidence to indicate childhood obesity was causally associated with increased BMD and decreased risk of leg fracture in adults. Childhood obesity could be taken into consideration when assessing eBMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Qinghong Jian
- Da Ping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Chen
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M A, J E, N F, Closa-Monasterolo R, Selma-Royo M, V L. Reply – Letter to the editor “Comment on Gut microbiota is associated with metabolic health in children with obesity”. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2408-2409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tur JA, Martinez JA. Guide and advances on childhood obesity determinants: Setting the research agenda. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13379. [PMID: 34734659 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity demands global solutions. Low birth weight and small for gestational age were associated with childhood obesity. Available data do not support prenatal exposure to antibiotics as risk factor for childhood obesity, and posology must be assessed. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants shows associations with childhood obesity. Gut microbiota composition influences obesity onset in childhood. Despite the unquestionable role of Mediterranean diet on healthy weight, there are only incomplete indications of metabolic benefits in childhood weight after following Mediterranean diet. Negative association between total dairy consumption and childhood obesity has been found, but inverse causality could not be discarded. Ultra-processed food intake is an adverse determinant of childhood obesity. Physical inactivity and sedentarism are critical risk factors of children adiposity; hence, built environment and environmental features will be determinants of childhood obesity. A consistent metabolic pattern of childhood obesity was observed; metabolomics research is needed to assess the role of specific molecules concerning childhood obesity. Epigenetic experiences support association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and miRNAs. Therefore, recent childhood obesity rates cannot only be explained by genetic predisposition and changes in lifestyle habits. It implies gene-environment interactions. It will be the next research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep A Tur
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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