1
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Hermans W, Geisslitz S, De Bondt Y, Langenaeken NA, Scherf KA, Courtin CM. NanoLC-MS/MS protein analysis on laser-microdissected wheat endosperm tissues: A comparison between aleurone, sub-aleurone and inner endosperm. Food Chem 2024; 437:137735. [PMID: 37924757 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat kernel proteins are not homogeneously distributed throughout the endosperm. The goal of this study was to investigate the relative differences in protein composition between the aleurone, sub-aleurone and inner endosperm. Using laser microdissection followed by nanoLC-MS/MS, an innovative method combining high spatial specificity and analytical selectivity in sample-limited situations, 780 proteins were detected and classified by function. A higher proportion of gluten proteins was detected in the sub-aleurone than inner endosperm. Composition-wise, gluten from the sub-aleurone is relatively more enriched in ω-gliadins but impoverished in LMW-GS and γ-gliadins. While a basic set of albumins and globulins was detected in all three microdissected endosperm tissues, specific proteins, like puroindoline B, displayed a gradient. This study provides indications that both histological origin and relative positioning of the tissues drive the protein distribution. Knowledge of this protein distribution offers significant opportunities for the wheat manufacturing industry. Data available via ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD038743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisse Hermans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Research unit Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabrina Geisslitz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Yamina De Bondt
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Research unit Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Niels A Langenaeken
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Research unit Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katharina A Scherf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Research unit Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Zhang S, Ghatak A, Mohammadi Bazargani M, Kramml H, Zang F, Gao S, Ramšak Ž, Gruden K, Varshney RK, Jiang D, Chaturvedi P, Weckwerth W. Cell-type proteomic and metabolomic resolution of early and late grain filling stages of wheat endosperm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:555-571. [PMID: 38050335 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional value of wheat grains, particularly their protein and metabolite composition, is a result of the grain-filling process, especially in the endosperm. Here, we employ laser microdissection (LMD) combined with shotgun proteomics and metabolomics to generate a cell type-specific proteome and metabolome inventory of developing wheat endosperm at the early (15 DAA) and late (26 DAA) grain-filling stages. We identified 1803 proteins and 41 metabolites from four different cell types (aleurone (AL), sub-aleurone (SA), starchy endosperm (SE) and endosperm transfer cells (ETCs). Differentially expressed proteins were detected, 67 in the AL, 31 in the SA, 27 in the SE and 50 in the ETCs between these two-time points. Cell-type accumulation of specific SUT and GLUT transporters, sucrose converting and starch biosynthesis enzymes correlate well with the respective sugar metabolites, suggesting sugar upload and starch accumulation via nucellar projection and ETC at 15 DAA in contrast to the later stage at 26 DAA. Changes in various protein levels between AL, SA and ETC support this metabolic switch from 15 to 26 DAA. The distinct spatial and temporal abundances of proteins and metabolites revealed a contrasting activity of nitrogen assimilation pathways, e.g. for GOGAT, GDH and glutamic acid, in the different cell types from 15 to 26 DAA, which can be correlated with specific protein accumulation in the endosperm. The integration of cell-type specific proteome and metabolome data revealed a complex metabolic interplay of the different cell types and a functional switch during grain development and grain-filling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Kramml
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fujuan Zang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Zhong Y, Chen Y, Pan M, Wang H, Sun J, Chen Y, Cai J, Zhou Q, Wang X, Jiang D. Insights into the Functional Components in Wheat Grain: Spatial Pattern, Underlying Mechanism and Cultivation Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112192. [PMID: 37299171 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a staple crop; its production must achieve both high yield and good quality due to worldwide demands for food security and better quality of life. It has been found that the grain qualities vary greatly within the different layers of wheat kernels. In this paper, the spatial distributions of protein and its components, starch, dietary fiber, and microelements are summarized in detail. The underlying mechanisms regarding the formation of protein and starch, as well as spatial distribution, are discussed from the views of substrate supply and the protein and starch synthesis capacity. The regulating effects of cultivation practices on gradients in composition are identified. Finally, breakthrough solutions for exploring the underlying mechanisms of the spatial gradients of functional components are presented. This paper will provide research perspectives for producing wheat that is both high in yield and of good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingsheng Pan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengtong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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4
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Zhi J, Zeng J, Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang G, Guo J, Wang Y, Chen M, Yang G, He G, Chen X, Chang J, Li Y. A multi-omic resource of wheat seed tissues for nutrient deposition and improvement for human health. Sci Data 2023; 10:269. [PMID: 37164961 PMCID: PMC10172328 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a globally important staple crop, wheat seeds provide us with nutrients and proteins. The trend of healthy dietary has become popular recently, emphasizing the consumption of whole-grain wheat products and the dietary benefits. However, the dynamic changes in nutritional profiles of different wheat seed regions (i.e., the embryo, endosperm and outer layers) during developmental stages and the molecular regulation have not been well studied. Here, we provide this multi-omic resource of wheat seeds and describe the generation, technical assessment and preliminary analyses. This resource includes a time-series RNA-seq dataset of the embryo, endosperm and outer layers of wheat seeds and their corresponding metabolomic dataset, covering the middle and late stages of seed development. Our RNA-seq experiments profile the expression of 63,708 genes, while the metabolomic data includes the abundance of 984 metabolites. We believe that this was the first reported transcriptome and metabolome dataset of wheat seeds that helps understand the molecular regulation of the deposition of beneficial nutrients and hence improvements for nutritional and processing quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhi
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guoli Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China.
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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5
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Zhong C, Huang J, Jiang D, Zhong Y, Wang X, Cai J, Chen W, Zhou Q. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Patterns of Whole Wheat and Pearling Fraction Flour Quality Response to Nitrogen in Two Wheat Lines with Contrasting Protein Content. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2290-2300. [PMID: 36706242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) application increases wheat yield and protein content and affects the nutritional quality of the grain. Analysis of N use efficiency revealed that N uptake efficiency is a key factor affecting protein content. Two wheat lines with significant differences in protein content were used to investigate the response of differential accumulation of metabolites to N levels and the spatial variation pattern of metabolites related to nutritional quality in wheat grains using widely targeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that amino acids, nucleic acids, and phytohormones and their derivatives and glycolytic processes are the crucial factors affecting protein content in two wheat lines. Amino acids and derivatives, lipids, and flavonoids are the main contributors to metabolite spatial variation of grains, which were interactively regulated by nitrogen and genotypes. N application significantly increased the relative accumulation of beneficial bioactive substances in the inner layer (P3 to P5), but excessive N application may inhibit this effect and lead to poor nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Yingxin Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Jian Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
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6
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Bacala R, Hatcher DW, Perreault H, Fu BX. Challenges and opportunities for proteomics and the improvement of bread wheat quality. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153743. [PMID: 35749977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat remains a critical global food source, pressured by climate change and the need to maximize yield, improve processing and nutritional quality and ensure safety. An enormous amount of research has been conducted to understand gluten protein composition and structure in relation to end-use quality, yet progress has become stagnant. This is mainly due to the need and inability to biochemically characterize the intact functional glutenin polymer in order to correlate to quality, necessitating reduction to monomeric subunits and a loss of contextual information. While some individual gluten proteins might have a positive or negative influence on gluten quality, it is the sum total of these proteins, their relative and absolute expression, their sub-cellular trafficking, the amount and size of glutenin polymers, and ratios between gluten protein classes that define viscoelasticity of gluten. The sub-cellular trafficking of gluten proteins during seed maturation is still not completely clear and there is evidence of dual pathways and therefore different destinations for proteins, either constitutively or temporally. The trafficking of proteins is also unclear in endosperm cells as they undergo programmed cell death; Golgi disappear around 12 DPA but protein filling continues at least to 25 DPA. Modulation of the timing of cellular events will invariably affect protein deposition and therefore gluten strength and function. Existing and emerging proteomics technologies such as proteoform profiling and top-down proteomics offer new tools to study gluten protein composition as a whole system and identify compositional patterns that can modify gluten structure with improved functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Bacala
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3G8, Canada; University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Dave W Hatcher
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Héléne Perreault
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Bin Xiao Fu
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3G8, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, 209 - 35 Chancellor's Circle, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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7
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Dermendjiev G, Schnurer M, Weiszmann J, Wilfinger S, Ott E, Gebert C, Weckwerth W, Ibl V. Tissue-Specific Proteome and Subcellular Microscopic Analyses Reveal the Effect of High Salt Concentration on Actin Cytoskeleton and Vacuolization in Aleurone Cells during Early Germination of Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179642. [PMID: 34502558 PMCID: PMC8431815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal grain germination provides the basis for crop production and requires a tissue-specific interplay between the embryo and endosperm during heterotrophic germination involving signalling, protein secretion, and nutrient uptake until autotrophic growth is possible. High salt concentrations in soil are one of the most severe constraints limiting the germination of crop plants, affecting the metabolism and redox status within the tissues of germinating seed. However, little is known about the effect of salt on seed storage protein mobilization, the endomembrane system, and protein trafficking within and between these tissues. Here, we used mass spectrometry analyses to investigate the protein dynamics of the embryo and endosperm of barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) at five different early points during germination (0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after imbibition) in germinated grains subjected to salt stress. The expression of proteins in the embryo as well as in the endosperm was temporally regulated. Seed storage proteins (SSPs), peptidases, and starch-digesting enzymes were affected by salt. Additionally, microscopic analyses revealed an altered assembly of actin bundles and morphology of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layer. Our results suggest that besides the salt-induced protein expression, intracellular trafficking and actin cytoskeleton assembly are responsible for germination delay under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Dermendjiev
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Madeleine Schnurer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Jakob Weiszmann
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Sarah Wilfinger
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Emanuel Ott
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Claudia Gebert
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wang Y, Shewry PR, Hawkesford MJ, Qi P, Wan Y. High molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 is concentrated in small protein bodies when overexpressed in wheat starchy endosperm. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Ding Y, Pan R, Shen W, Yu X, Xiong F. The relationship between characteristics of root morphology and grain filling in wheat under drought stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12015. [PMID: 34466293 PMCID: PMC8380422 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a common yield limiting factor in wheat production and has become a significant threat to global food security. Root system is the organ responsible for water uptake from soil and root growth is closely associated with yield and quality of wheat. However, the relationship between morphological and structural characteristics of root growth and caryopsis enrichment in wheat under drought stress is unclear. In this study, two wheat cultivars (YM13 and YN19) were treated with drought from flowering to caryopsis maturity stage. The changes in morphological structure of roots and characteristics of endosperm enrichment were investigated. Drought stress significantly reduced the root length, plant height, root dry weight and aboveground parts dry weight, whereas the root-shoot ratio of YM13 and YN19 increased by 17.65% and 8.33% under drought stress, respectively. The spike length, spike weight, grains number per spike and 1,000-grains weight of mature wheat also significantly declined under drought stress. Meanwhile, the cross section structure of roots was changed with the enlargement of vascular cylinder and dense distribution of xylem vessels under drought stress. Additionally, drought stress affected the substance enrichment in wheat caryopses, decreasing starch accumulation and increasing protein accumulation of endosperm. Correlation analysis suggested that the root length was closely correlated with the relative areas of amyloplast (0.51) and protein body (0.70), and drought stress increased the correlation coefficient (0.79 and 0.78, respectively). While the root dry weight had a significantly positive correlation with the plant height and aboveground parts dry weight. The results can provide theoretical basis for root architecture optimization, water-saving and high-yield cultivation and quality improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rumo Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Sheraz S, Wan Y, Venter E, Verma SK, Xiong Q, Waites J, Connorton JM, Shewry PR, Moore KL, Balk J. Subcellular dynamics studies of iron reveal how tissue-specific distribution patterns are established in developing wheat grains. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1644-1657. [PMID: 33914919 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of iron trafficking in plants is key to enhancing the nutritional quality of crops. Because it is difficult to image iron in transit, we currently have an incomplete picture of the route(s) of iron translocation in developing seeds and how the tissue-specific distribution is established. We have used a novel approach, combining iron-57 (57 Fe) isotope labelling and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), to visualize iron translocation between tissues and within cells in immature wheat grain, Triticum aestivum. This enabled us to track the main route of iron transport from maternal tissues to the embryo through the different cell types. Further evidence for this route was provided by genetically diverting iron into storage vacuoles, with confirmation provided by histological staining and transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). Almost all iron in both control and transgenic grains was found in intracellular bodies, indicating symplastic rather than apoplastic transport. Furthermore, a new type of iron body, highly enriched in 57 Fe, was observed in aleurone cells and may represent iron being delivered to phytate globoids. Correlation of the 57 Fe enrichment profiles obtained by NanoSIMS with tissue-specific gene expression provides an updated model of iron homeostasis in cereal grains with relevance for future biofortification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sheraz
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Eudri Venter
- Bioimaging facility, Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Shailender K Verma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Joshua Waites
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - James M Connorton
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Katie L Moore
- School of Materials and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Janneke Balk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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11
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Hermans W, Mutlu S, Michalski A, Langenaeken NA, Courtin CM. The Contribution of Sub-Aleurone Cells to Wheat Endosperm Protein Content and Gradient Is Dependent on Cultivar and N-Fertilization Level. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6444-6454. [PMID: 34100602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The proteins in the starchy endosperm of wheat determine wheat quality and exhibit a quantitative gradient decreasing from the outer to inner endosperm. Here, we investigate how protein-rich sub-aleurone cells contribute to the protein content and gradient by studying three cultivars, each cultivated at three levels of nitrogen (N)-fertilization. The observed increased protein content with increased N-fertilization was cultivar-dependent. Image analysis showed that the underlying protein gradient could be described by a declining biexponential curve, with protein contents up to 32.0% in the sub-aleurone. Cultivars did not differ in protein content in the center of the cheeks and only differed in the outer endosperm when N-fertilization is applied. N-Fertilization resulted in relatively higher increases in protein content in the outer compared to inner endosperm. Hence, sub-aleurone cells could affect the classification of cultivars by baking quality. Cultivar selection and N-fertilization could furthermore be promising techniques to produce protein-rich miller's bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisse Hermans
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Selime Mutlu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adam Michalski
- Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Niels A Langenaeken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Kopittke PM, Lombi E, van der Ent A, Wang P, Laird JS, Moore KL, Persson DP, Husted S. Methods to Visualize Elements in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1869-1882. [PMID: 31974126 PMCID: PMC7140966 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution of elements in plants is important for researchers across a broad range of fields, including plant molecular biology, agronomy, plant physiology, plant nutrition, and ionomics. However, it is often challenging to evaluate the applicability of the wide range of techniques available, with each having its own strengths and limitations. Here, we compare scanning/transmission electron microscopy-based energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence microscopy, particle-induced x-ray emission, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy, autoradiography, and confocal microscopy with fluorophores. For these various techniques, we compare their accessibility, their ability to analyze hydrated tissues (without sample preparation) and suitability for in vivo analyses, as well as examining their most important analytical merits, such as resolution, sensitivity, depth of analysis, and the range of elements that can be analyzed. We hope that this information will assist other researchers to select, access, and evaluate the approach that is most useful in their particular research program or application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kopittke
- University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- University of Queensland, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jamie S Laird
- University of Melbourne, School of Physics, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katie L Moore
- University of Manchester, School of Materials, Photon Science Institute, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Persson
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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13
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Protein sorting into protein bodies during barley endosperm development is putatively regulated by cytoskeleton members, MVBs and the HvSNF7s. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1864. [PMID: 32024857 PMCID: PMC7002727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal endosperm is a short-lived tissue adapted for nutrient storage, containing specialized organelles, such as protein bodies (PBs) and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), for the accumulation of storage proteins. During development, protein trafficking and storage require an extensive reorganization of the endomembrane system. Consequently, endomembrane-modifying proteins will influence the final grain quality and yield. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying endomembrane system remodeling during barley grain development. By using label-free quantitative proteomics profiling, we quantified 1,822 proteins across developing barley grains. Based on proteome annotation and a homology search, 94 proteins associated with the endomembrane system were identified that exhibited significant changes in abundance during grain development. Clustering analysis allowed characterization of three different development phases; notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. Moreover, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related proteins and their transcripts are most abundant at early and mid-development. Specifically, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and the ESCRT-III HvSNF7 proteins are associated with PBs during barley endosperm development. Together our data identified promising targets to be genetically engineered to modulate seed storage protein accumulation that have a growing role in health and nutritional issues.
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14
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Zhong Y, Vidkjær NH, Massange-Sanchez JA, Laursen BB, Gislum R, Borg S, Jiang D, Hebelstrup KH. Changes in spatiotemporal protein and amino acid gradients in wheat caryopsis after N-topdressing. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110336. [PMID: 31928684 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grain nitrogen content displays large variations within different pearling fractions of grains because of radial gradients in the protein content. We identified how spatiotemporal mechanisms regulate this. The protein gradients emerged clearly at 19 days after anthesis, with the highest N content in aleurone and seed coat, followed by outer endosperm, whereas the lowest was in middle and inner endosperm. Laser microdissection, qRT-PCR and LC-MS were used to dissect tissue from aleurone, outer endosperm, middle endosperm, inner endosperm and transfer cells, measure gene expression and levels of free and protein-bound amino acids, respectively. The results showed that different FAA transportation pathways worked in parallel during grain filling stage while the grain protein gradient did not follow spatial expression of storage proteins. Additionally, two nitrogen (N) topdressing timings were conducted, either at the emergence of top third leaf (standard timing) or top first leaf (delayed timing), finding that delayed N topdressing enhanced both amino acids supply and protein synthesis capacity. The results provide insight into protein synthesis and amino acid transport pathways in endosperm and suggest targets for the enhancement of specialty pearled wheat with higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhong
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Nanna Hjort Vidkjær
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Julio A Massange-Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - René Gislum
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Søren Borg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China.
| | - Kim Henrik Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
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15
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Shewry PR, Wan Y, Hawkesford MJ, Tosi P. Spatial distribution of functional components in the starchy endosperm of wheat grains. J Cereal Sci 2020; 91:102869. [PMID: 32089586 PMCID: PMC7015275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The starchy endosperm of the mature wheat grain comprises three major cell types, namely sub-aleurone cells, prismatic cells and central cells, which differ in their contents of functional components: gluten proteins, starch, cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fibre) and lipids. Gradients are established during grain development but may be modified during grain maturation and are affected by plant nutrition, particularly nitrogen application, and environmental factors. Although the molecular controls of their formation are unknown, the high content of protein and low content of starch of sub-aleurone cells, compared to the other starchy endosperm cells types, may result from differences in developmental programming related to the cells having a separate origin (from anticlinal division of the aleurone cells). The gradients within the grain may be reflected in differences in the compositions of mill streams, particularly those streams enriched in the central and outer cells of the starchy endosperm, respectively, allowing the production of specialist flours for specific end uses. The mature starchy endosperm of wheat comprises three cell types. These differ in their contents of functional components. These differences are reflected in the compositions of mill streams. These differences may affect functionality. Hence innovative milling can be used to prepare flours for special uses.
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Key Words
- A, arabinose
- AX, arabinoxylan
- AXOS, arabinoxylan oligosaccharide
- DP, degree of polymerisation
- DPA, days past anthesis
- Dietary fibre
- FTIR, Fourier transform infrared
- GL, galactolipid
- Gluten proteins
- HMW, high molecular weight
- LMW, low molecular weight
- Lipids
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PL, phospholipid
- Polysaccharides
- SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry
- Starch
- Starchy endosperm
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- TDF, total dietary fibre
- WE, water-extractable
- WU, water-unextractable
- Wheat
- White flour
- X, xylose
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK.,School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Early Gate, RG6 6AR, Reading, UK
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Paola Tosi
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Early Gate, RG6 6AR, Reading, UK
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16
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Ma D, Gao H, Du C, Li L, Sun W, Liu S, Wang C, Xie Y, Kang G. Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analysis of Different Endosperm Region under Nitrogen Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174212. [PMID: 31466282 PMCID: PMC6747615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage protein distribution in wheat-grain endosperm is heterogeneous, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Two parts of the endosperm region, the innermost endosperm (IE) region and the remaining endosperm (RE) region, grown under low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN) treatments were used to perform metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. We identified 533 and 503 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with at least a two-fold expression change (p < 0.05) between IE and RE, among which 81 and 78 transcripts under LN and HN, respectively, related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and encoded transcription factors or proteins involved in post-translational modification (PTM). The significantly differentially abundant metabolites between IE and RE were mainly amino acids, N-compounds, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. More upregulated transcripts and metabolites were identified in RE than IE under HN conditions, indicating that HN activates metabolism in the endosperm periphery. In addition to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, transcription factors and protein PTMs, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, might determine the protein heterogeneous distribution between IE and RE and its response to nitrogen fertilizer supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Ma
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Honghuan Gao
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenyang Du
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wan Sun
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sujun Liu
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guozhang Kang
- Agronomy College/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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17
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Wan Y, Hassall K, Jiang D, Shewry PR, Hawkesford MJ. Gradients of Gluten Proteins and Free Amino Acids along the Longitudinal Axis of the Developing Caryopsis of Bread Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8706-8714. [PMID: 31310118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gradients in the contents and compositions of gluten proteins and free amino acids and the expression levels of gluten protein genes in developing wheat caryopses were determined by dividing the caryopsis into three longitudinal sections, namely, proximal (En1), middle (En2), and distal (En3) to embryo. The total gluten protein content was lower in En1 than in En2 and En3, with decreasing proportions of HMW-GS, LMW GS, and α/β- and γ-gliadins and increasing proportions of ω-gliadins. These differences were associated with the abundances of gluten protein transcripts. Gradients in the proportions of the gluten protein polymers which affect dough processing quality also occurred, but not in total free amino acids. Microscopy showed that the lower gluten protein content in En1 may have resulted, at least in part, from the presence of modified cells in the dorsal part of En1, but the reasons for the differences in composition are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shi
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Yan Wang
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Kirsty Hassall
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Malcolm J Hawkesford
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
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18
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Gyngard F, Steinhauser ML. Biological explorations with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2019; 34:1534-1545. [PMID: 34054180 PMCID: PMC8158666 DOI: 10.1039/c9ja00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of biological processes at the single cell or subcellular level is critical in order to better understand heterogenous cell populations. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) enables multiplexed, quantitative imaging of the elemental composition of a sample surface at high resolution (< 50 nm). Through measurement of two different isotopic variants of any given element, NanoSIMS provides nanoscale isotope ratio measurements. When coupled with stable isotope tracer methods, the measurement of isotope ratios functionally illuminates biochemical pathways at suborganelle resolution. In this review, we describe the practical application of NanoSIMS to study biological processes in organisms ranging from microbes to humans, highlighting experimental applications that have provided insight that is largely unattainable by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gyngard
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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19
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Fanari M, Forteschi M, Sanna M, Zinellu M, Porcu MC, Pretti L. Comparison of enzymatic and precipitation treatments for gluten-free craft beers production. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Kumari N, Grimbs A, D'Souza RN, Verma SK, Corno M, Kuhnert N, Ullrich MS. Origin and varietal based proteomic and peptidomic fingerprinting of Theobroma cacao in non-fermented and fermented cocoa beans. Food Res Int 2018; 111:137-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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21
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Savill GP, Michalski A, Powers SJ, Wan Y, Tosi P, Buchner P, Hawkesford MJ. Temperature and nitrogen supply interact to determine protein distribution gradients in the wheat grain endosperm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3117-3126. [PMID: 29660003 PMCID: PMC5972578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gradients exist in the distribution of storage proteins in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm and determine the milling properties and protein recovery rate of the grain. A novel image analysis technique was developed to quantify both the gradients in protein concentration, and the size distribution of protein bodies within the endosperm of wheat plants grown under two different (20 or 28 °C) post-anthesis temperatures, and supplied with a nutrient solution with either high or low nitrogen content. Under all treatment combinations, protein concentration was greater in the endosperm cells closest to the aleurone layer and decreased towards the centre of the two lobes of the grain, i.e. a negative gradient. This was accompanied by a decrease in size of protein bodies from the outer to the inner endosperm layers in all but one of the treatments. Elevated post-anthesis temperature had the effect of increasing the magnitude of the negative gradients in both protein concentration and protein body size, whilst limiting nitrogen supply decreased the gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Savill
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
| | - Adam Michalski
- Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stephen J Powers
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
| | - Paola Tosi
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Earley, Reading, UK
| | - Peter Buchner
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
| | - Malcolm J Hawkesford
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
- Correspondence:
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22
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Roustan V, Roustan PJ, Weidinger M, Reipert S, Kapusi E, Shabrangy A, Stoger E, Weckwerth W, Ibl V. Microscopic and Proteomic Analysis of Dissected Developing Barley Endosperm Layers Reveals the Starchy Endosperm as Prominent Storage Tissue for ER-Derived Hordeins Alongside the Accumulation of Barley Protein Disulfide Isomerase (HvPDIL1-1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1248. [PMID: 30250475 PMCID: PMC6139375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the major food sources for humans and forage sources for animal livestock. The average grain protein content (GPC) of barley ranges between 8 and 12%. Barley hordeins (i.e., prolamins) account for more than 50% of GPC in mature seeds and are important for both grain and flour quality. Barley endosperm is structured into three distinct cell layers: the starchy endosperm, which acts essentially as storage tissue for starch; the subaleurone, which is characterized by a high accumulation of seed storage proteins (SSPs); and the aleurone, which has a prominent role during seed germination. Prolamins accumulate in distinct, ER-derived protein bodies (PBs) and their trafficking route is spatio-temporally regulated. The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been shown to be involved in PB formation. Here, we unravel the spatio-temporal proteome regulation in barley aleurone, subaleurone, and starchy endosperm for the optimization of end-product quality in barley. We used laser microdissection (LMD) for subsequent nanoLC-MS/MS proteomic analyses in two experiments: in Experiment One, we investigated the proteomes of dissected barley endosperm layers at 12 and at ≥20 days after pollination (DAP). We found a set of 10 proteins that were present in all tissues at both time points. Among these proteins, the relative protein abundance of D-hordein, B3-hordein and HvPDIL1-1 significantly increased in starchy endosperm between 12 and ≥20 DAP, identifying the starchy endosperm as putative major storage tissue. In Experiment Two, we specifically compared the starchy endosperm proteome at 6, 12, and ≥20 DAP. Whereas the relative protein abundance of D-hordein and B3-hordein increased between 6 and ≥20 DAP, HvPDIL1-1 increased between 6 and 12 DAP, but remained constant at ≥20 DAP. Microscopic observations showed that these relative protein abundance alterations were accompanied by additional localization of hordeins at the periphery of starch granules and a partial re-localization of HvPDIL1-1 from PBs to the periphery of starch granules. Our data indicate a spatio-temporal regulation of hordeins and HvPDIL1-1. These results are discussed in relation to the putative role of HvPDIL1-1 in end-product quality in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre-Jean Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Siegfried Reipert
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Kapusi
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azita Shabrangy
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Verena Ibl
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23
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Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has become an increasingly utilized tool in biologically relevant studies. Of these, high lateral resolution methodologies using the NanoSIMS 50/50L have been especially powerful within many biological fields over the past decade. Here, the authors provide a review of this technology, sample preparation and analysis considerations, examples of recent biological studies, data analyses, and current outlooks. Specifically, the authors offer an overview of SIMS and development of the NanoSIMS. The authors describe the major experimental factors that should be considered prior to NanoSIMS analysis and then provide information on best practices for data analysis and image generation, which includes an in-depth discussion of appropriate colormaps. Additionally, the authors provide an open-source method for data representation that allows simultaneous visualization of secondary electron and ion information within a single image. Finally, the authors present a perspective on the future of this technology and where they think it will have the greatest impact in near future.
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NanoSIMS chemical imaging combined with correlative microscopy for biological sample analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:130-135. [PMID: 27506876 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano-scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) is one of the most powerful in situ elemental and isotopic analysis techniques available to biologists. The combination of stable isotope probing with NanoSIMS (nanoSIP) has opened up new avenues for biological studies over the past decade. However, due to limitations inherent with any analytical methodology, additional information from correlative techniques is usually required to address real biological questions. Here we review recent developments in correlative analysis applied to complex biological systems: first, high-resolution tracking of molecules (e.g. peptides, lipids) by correlation with electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; second, identification of a specific microbial taxon with fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantification of its metabolic capacities; and, third, molecular specific imaging with new probes.
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