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Huang K, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhang L, Duan P, Xu R, Wang D, Liu L, Zhang G, Zhang H, Wang C, Guo N, Hao J, Luo Y, Zhu X, Li Y. Modulation of histone acetylation enables fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding. NATURE PLANTS 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01720-0. [PMID: 38831046 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid rice has achieved high grain yield and greatly contributes to food security, but the manual-labour-intensive hybrid seed production process limits fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding. For next-generation hybrid seed production, the use of small-grain male sterile lines to mechanically separate small hybrid seeds from mixed harvest is promising. However, it is difficult to find ideal grain-size genes for breeding ideal small-grain male sterile lines without penalties in the number of hybrid seeds and hybrid rice yield. Here we report that the use of small-grain alleles of the ideal grain-size gene GSE3 in male sterile lines enables fully mechanized hybrid seed production and dramatically increases hybrid seed number in three-line and two-line hybrid rice systems. The GSE3 gene encodes a histone acetyltransferase that binds histones and influences histone acetylation levels. GSE3 is recruited by the transcription factor GS2 to the promoters of their co-regulated grain-size genes and influences the histone acetylation status of their co-regulated genes. Field trials demonstrate that genome editing of GSE3 can be used to immediately improve current elite male sterile lines of hybrid rice for fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding, providing a new perspective for mechanized hybrid breeding in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Baolan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penggen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Nian Guo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Jianqin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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You J, Ye L, Wang D, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Wei M, Wu R, Liu J, He G, Zhao F, Zhang T. Mapping and candidate gene analysis of QTLs for grain shape in a rice chromosome segment substitution line Z485 and breeding of SSSLs. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:39. [PMID: 38766512 PMCID: PMC11099003 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Grain shape is one of the most important factors that affects rice yield. Cloning novel grain shape genes and analyzing their genetic mechanisms are crucial for high yield breeding. In this study, a slender grain CSSL-Z485 with 3-segments substitution in the genetic background of Nipponbare was constructed in rice. Cytological analysis showed that the longer grain length of Z485 was related to the increase in glume cell numbers, while the narrower grain width was associated with the decrease in cell width. Three grain shape-related quantitative trait locus (QTLs), including qGL12, qGW12, and qRLW12, were identified through the F2 population constructed from a cross between Nipponbare and Z485. Furthermore, four single segment substitution lines (SSSLs, S1-S4) carrying the target QTLs were dissected from Z485 by MAS. Finally, three candidate genes of qGL12 for grain length and qGW12 for grain width located in S3 were confirmed by DNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and protein structure prediction. Specifically, candidate gene 1 encodes a ubiquitin family protein, while candidate genes 2 and 3 encode zinc finger proteins. The results provide valuable germplasm resources for cloning novel grain shape genes and molecular breeding by design. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01480-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Li Ye
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Dachuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Mi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Ruhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Fangming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research InstituteAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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3
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Han Y, Hu Q, Gong N, Yan H, Khan NU, Du Y, Sun H, Zhao Q, Peng W, Li Z, Zhang Z, Li J. Natural variation in MORE GRAINS 1 regulates grain number and grain weight in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38780111 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Grain yield is determined mainly by grain number and grain weight. In this study, we identified and characterized MORE GRAINS1 (MOG1), a gene associated with grain number and grain weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.), through map-based cloning. Overexpression of MOG1 increased grain yield by 18.6%-22.3% under field conditions. We determined that MOG1, a bHLH transcription factor, interacts with OsbHLH107 and directly activates the expression of LONELY GUY (LOG), which encodes a cytokinin-activating enzyme and the cell expansion gene EXPANSIN-LIKE1 (EXPLA1), positively regulating grain number per panicle and grain weight. Natural variations in the promoter and coding regions of MOG1 between Hap-LNW and Hap-HNW alleles resulted in changes in MOG1 expression level and transcriptional activation, leading to functional differences. Haplotype analysis revealed that Hap-HNW, which results in a greater number and heavier grains, has undergone strong selection but has been poorly utilized in modern lowland rice breeding. In summary, the MOG1-OsbHLH107 complex activates LOG and EXPLA1 expression to promote cell expansion and division of young panicles through the cytokinin pathway, thereby increasing grain number and grain weight. These findings suggest that Hap-HNW could be used in strategies to breed high-yielding temperate japonica lowland rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qianfeng Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nuo Gong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanxiu Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Rice Industrial Technology Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zichao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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4
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Yang X, Lu J, Shi WJ, Chen YH, Yu JW, Chen SH, Zhao DS, Huang LC, Fan XL, Zhang CQ, Zhang L, Liu QQ, Li QF. RGA1 regulates grain size, rice quality and seed germination in the small and round grain mutant srg5. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:167. [PMID: 38438916 PMCID: PMC10910726 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating elite rice varieties with high yield and superior quality is the main goal of rice breeding programs. Key agronomic traits, including grain size and seed germination characteristics, affect the final yield and quality of rice. The RGA1 gene, which encodes the α-subunit of rice G-protein, plays an important role in regulating rice architecture, seed size and abiotic stress responses. However, whether RGA1 is involved in the regulation of rice quality and seed germination traits is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, a rice mutant small and round grain 5 (srg5), was identified in an EMS-induced rice mutant library. Systematic analysis of its major agronomic traits revealed that the srg5 mutant exhibited a semi-dwarf plant height with small and round grain and reduced panicle length. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of rice showed that the difference in rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) between the srg5 mutant and its wild-type control was small, but the appearance quality was significantly improved. Interestingly, a significant suppression of rice seed germination and shoot growth was observed in the srg5 mutant, which was mainly related to the regulation of ABA metabolism. RGA1 was identified as the candidate gene for the srg5 mutant by BSA analysis. A SNP at the splice site of the first intron disrupted the normal splicing of the RGA1 transcript precursor, resulting in a premature stop codon. Additional linkage analysis confirmed that the target gene causing the srg5 mutant phenotype was RGA1. Finally, the introduction of the RGA1 mutant allele into two indica rice varieties also resulted in small and round rice grains with less chalkiness. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that RGA1 is not only involved in the control of rice architecture and grain size, but also in the regulation of rice quality and seed germination. This study sheds new light on the biological functions of RGA1, thereby providing valuable information for future systematic analysis of the G-protein pathway and its potential application in rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu-Jian Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Wen Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sai-Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding / Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Lv Y, Yu H, Hu P, Wen Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Wu H, Zhu L, Wu K, Chai B, Liu J, Zeng D, Zhang G, Zhu L, Gao Z, Dong G, Ren D, Shen L, Zhang Q, Li Q, Guo L, Xiong G, Qian Q, Hu J. GR5 acts in the G protein pathway to regulate grain size in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100673. [PMID: 37596786 PMCID: PMC10811372 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is an important determinant of grain yield in rice. Although dozens of grain size genes have been reported, the molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain to be fully clarified. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of GR5 (GRAIN ROUND 5), which is allelic to SMOS1/SHB/RLA1/NGR5 and encodes an AP2 transcription factor. GR5 acts as a transcriptional activator and determines grain size by influencing cell proliferation and expansion. We demonstrated that GR5 physically interacts with five Gγ subunit proteins (RGG1, RGG2, DEP1, GS3, and GGC2) and acts downstream of the G protein complex. Four downstream target genes of GR5 in grain development (DEP2, DEP3, DRW1, and CyCD5;2) were revealed and their core T/CGCAC motif identified by yeast one-hybrid, EMSA, and ChIP-PCR experiments. Our results revealed that GR5 interacts with Gγ subunits and cooperatively determines grain size by regulating the expression of downstream target genes. These findings provide new insight into the genetic regulatory network of the G protein signaling pathway in the control of grain size and provide a potential target for high-yield rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Haiping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Junge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nan Jing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Kaixiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bingze Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jialong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nan Jing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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6
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Gasparis S, Miłoszewski MM. Genetic Basis of Grain Size and Weight in Rice, Wheat, and Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16921. [PMID: 38069243 PMCID: PMC10706642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is a key component of grain yield in cereals. It is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Grain size is determined via several factors in different plant development stages, beginning with early tillering, spikelet formation, and assimilates accumulation during the pre-anthesis phase, up to grain filling and maturation. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control grain size is a prerequisite for improving grain yield potential. The last decade has brought significant progress in genomic studies of grain size control. Several genes underlying grain size and weight were identified and characterized in rice, which is a model plant for cereal crops. A molecular function analysis revealed most genes are involved in different cell signaling pathways, including phytohormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and other physiological processes. Compared to rice, the genetic background of grain size in other important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley, remains largely unexplored. However, the high level of conservation of genomic structure and sequences between closely related cereal crops should facilitate the identification of functional orthologs in other species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and molecular bases of grain size and weight in wheat, barley, and rice, focusing on the latest discoveries in the field. We also present possibly the most updated list of experimentally validated genes that have a strong effect on grain size and discuss their molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
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7
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Torres Rodríguez MD, Bhatnagar N, Pandey S. Overexpression of a Plant-Specific Gγ Protein, AGG3, in the Model Monocot Setaria viridis Confers Tolerance to Heat Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1243-1256. [PMID: 37572092 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The vascular plant-specific, cysteine-rich type III Gγ proteins, which are integral components of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, play crucial roles in regulating a multitude of plant processes, including those related to crop yield and responses to abiotic stresses. The presence of multiple copies of type III Gγ proteins in most plants and a propensity of the presence of specific truncated alleles in many cultivated crops present an ambiguous picture of their roles in modulating specific responses. AGG3 is a canonical type III Gγ protein of Arabidopsis, and its overexpression in additional model crops offers the opportunity to directly evaluate the effects of protein expression levels on plant phenotypes. We have shown that AGG3 overexpression in the monocot model Setaria viridis leads to an increase in seed yield. In this study, we have investigated the response of the S. viridis plants overexpressing AGG3 to heat stress (HS), one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crops worldwide. We show that a short span of HS at a crucial developmental time point has a significant effect on plant yield in the later stages. We also show that plants with higher levels of AGG3 are more tolerant to HS. This is attributed to an altered regulation of stress-responsive genes and improved modulation of the photosynthetic efficiency during the stress. Overall, our results confirm that AGG3 plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to unfavorable environmental conditions and may contribute positively to avoiding crop yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Bhatnagar
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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8
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Yadav B, Majhi A, Phagna K, Meena MK, Ram H. Negative regulators of grain yield and mineral contents in rice: potential targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:317. [PMID: 37837547 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a major global staple food crop, and improving its grain yield and nutritional quality has been a major thrust research area since last decades. Yield and nutritional quality are complex traits which are controlled by multiple signaling pathways. Sincere efforts during past decades of research have identified several key genetic and molecular regulators that governed these complex traits. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene knockout approaches has accelerated the development of improved varieties; however, finding out target gene with negative regulatory function in particular trait without giving any pleiotropic effect remains a challenge. Here, we have reviewed past and recent literature and identified important negative regulators of grain yield and mineral contents which could be potential targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout. Additionally, we have also compiled a list of microRNAs (miRNAs), which target positive regulators of grain yield, plant stress tolerance, and grain mineral contents. Knocking out these miRNAs could help to increase expression of such positive regulators and thus improve the plant trait. The knowledge presented in this review would help to further accelerate the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated trait improvement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banita Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashis Majhi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kanika Phagna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Meena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Hasthi Ram
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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9
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Long Y, Wang C, Liu C, Li H, Pu A, Dong Z, Wei X, Wan X. Molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight and their biotechnological breeding applications in maize and other cereal crops. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00265-5. [PMID: 37739122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal crops are a primary energy source for humans. Grain size and weight affect both evolutionary fitness and grain yield of cereals. Although studies on gene mining and molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight are constantly emerging in cereal crops, only a few systematic reviews on the underlying molecular mechanisms and their breeding applications are available so far. AIM OF REVIEW This review provides a general state-of-the-art overview of molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies for improving grain size and weight of cereals as well as insights for future yield-improving biotechnology-assisted breeding. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, the evolution of research on grain size and weight over the last 20 years is traced based on a bibliometric analysis of 1158 publications and the main signaling pathways and transcriptional factors involved are summarized. In addition, the roles of post-transcriptional regulation and photosynthetic product accumulation affecting grain size and weight in maize and rice are outlined. State-of-the-art strategies for discovering novel genes related to grain size and weight in maize and other cereal crops as well as advanced breeding biotechnology strategies being used for improving yield including marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, transgenic breeding, and genome editing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Huangai Li
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Aqing Pu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China.
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10
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Xiong D, Wang R, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun G, Yao S. SLG2 specifically regulates grain width through WOX11-mediated cell expansion control in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1904-1918. [PMID: 37340997 PMCID: PMC10440987 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is specified by three dimensions of length, width and thickness, and slender grain is a desirable quality trait in rice. Up to now, many grain size regulators have been identified. However, most of these molecules show influence on multi-dimensions of grain development, and only a few of them function specifically in grain width, a key factor determining grain yield and appearance quality. In this study, we identify the SLG2 (SLENDER GUY2) gene that specifically regulates grain width by affecting cell expansion in the spikelet hulls. SLG2 encodes a WD40 domain containing protein, and our biochemical analyses show that SLG2 acts as a transcription activator of its interacting WOX family protein WOX11. We demonstrate that the SLG2-associated WOX11 binds directly to the promoter of OsEXPB7, one of the downstream cell expansion genes. We show that knockout of WOX11 results in plants with a slender grain phenotype similar to the slg2 mutant. We also present that finer grains with different widths could be produced by combining SLG2 with the grain width regulator GW8. Collectively, we uncover the crucial role of SLG2 in grain width control, and provide a promising route to design rice plants with better grain shape and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunpin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruci Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yueming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shanguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Bai F, Ma H, Cai Y, Shahid MQ, Zheng Y, Lang C, Chen Z, Wu J, Liu X, Wang L. Natural allelic variation in GRAIN SIZE AND WEIGHT 3 of wild rice regulates the grain size and weight. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:502-518. [PMID: 37249047 PMCID: PMC10469372 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is important for yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although many genes involved in grain size have been isolated, few can be used in breeding due to their interactions and phenotypic effects. Here, we describe natural variation in the granule-type quantitative trait locus GRAIN SIZE AND WEIGHT 3 (GSW3) located on chromosome 3 in wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) that encodes a GTPase-regulated protein and negatively regulates grain length, grain width, and 1,000-grain weight. The insertion of a 232-bp fragment of the genomic sequence in the wild rice, a natural allelic variant gene (GSW3), increased the expression levels and reduced the grain length and width and 1,000-grain weight. Knockout of GSW3 in the wild rice inbred line Huaye 3 increased the grain length and width and 1,000-grain weight. Introducing GSW3Huaye3 into cultivated rice line KJ01 and overexpressing GSW3Huaye3 in Huaye 3 resulted in reduced grain length and width and 1,000-grain weight, and grain size and 1,000-grain weight changes were closely related to GSW3 expression levels. GSW3 regulated the grain length and width simultaneously by promoting grain glume cell division and longitudinal and transverse cell growth. GSW3 was also involved in regulating the gibberellic acid signaling pathway and negatively regulated plant growth. Furthermore, a critical SNP in the GSW3 coding region was obviously correlated with grain size variation in a core collection of cultivated rice. This SNP resulted in an amino acid substitution from Gln to Arg at position 161 in GSW3, which reduced the grain size. Our study shows that GSW3 negatively regulates the grain shape, which could explain different grain shapes in modern cultivars and wild rice. GSW3 may also be used for breeding rice varieties with improved grain shapes and higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huijin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yichang Cai
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuebin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chuan Lang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Pai Q, Wang Y, Wu X. Molecular Network for Regulation of Seed Size in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10666. [PMID: 37445843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The size of seeds is particularly important for agricultural development, as it is a key trait that determines yield. It is controlled by the coordinated development of the integument, endosperm, and embryo. Large seeds are an important way of improving the ultimate "sink strength" of crops, providing more nutrients for early plant growth and showing certain tolerance to abiotic stresses. There are several pathways for regulating plant seed size, including the HAIKU (IKU) pathway, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G (Guanosine triphosphate) protein regulatory pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, transcriptional regulators pathway, and phytohormone regulatory pathways including the auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinin (CK), Abscisic acid (ABA), and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways. This article summarizes the seed size regulatory network and prospective ways of improving yield. We expect that it will provide a valuable reference to researchers in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueman Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiaofeng Pai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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13
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Molecular bases of rice grain size and quality for optimized productivity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:314-350. [PMID: 36710151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The accomplishment of further optimization of crop productivity in grain yield and quality is a great challenge. Grain size is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality; all of these traits are typical quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Research advances have revealed several molecular and developmental pathways that govern these traits of agronomical importance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of these pathways, including those mediated by G-protein, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phytohormone, transcriptional regulators, and storage product biosynthesis and accumulation. We also generalize the excellent precedents for rice variety improvement of grain size and quality, which utilize newly developed gene editing and conventional gene pyramiding capabilities. In addition, we discuss the rational and accurate breeding strategies, with the aim of better applying molecular design to breed high-yield and superior-quality varieties.
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14
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Mao Z, Di X, Xia S, Chen Q, Ma X, Chen M, Yang Z, Zhao F, Ling Y. Detecting and pyramiding target QTL for plant- and grain-related traits via chromosomal segment substitution line of rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020847. [PMID: 36589042 PMCID: PMC9800928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant height and grain length are important agronomic traits in rice, exhibiting a strong effect on plant architecture and grain quality of rice varieties. METHODS Methods: A novel rice chromosomal segment substitution line (CSSL), i.e., CSSL-Z1357, with significantly increased plant height (PH) and grain length (GL) was identified from CSSLs constructed by using Nipponbare as a receptor and a restorer line Xihui 18 as a donor. Seven agronomic traits of PH, PL, GL, GW, GPP, SPP, and TGW were phenotyped, and REML implemented in HPMIXED of SAS were used to detect the QTL for these traits. Secondary CSSLs were screened out via marker-assisted selection (MAS) to estimate the additive and epistatic effects of detected QTLs, evaluating the potential utilization of pyramiding the target QTLs for yield and quality improvement of rice varieties. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results and Discussion: CSSL-Z1357 carried nine segments from Xihui 18 with an average segment length of 4.13 Mb. The results show that the long grain of CSSL-Z1357 was caused by the increased number of surface cells and the length of the inner glume. Thirteen quantitative trait loci were identified via the F2 population of Nipponbare/CSSL-Z1357, including three each for GL (qGL-3, qGL-6, and qGL-7) and PH (qPH-1, qPH-7, and qPH-12I), among which qGL-3 increased GL by 0.23 mm with synergistic allele from CSSL-Z1357. Additionally, three single (S1 to S3), two double (D1, D2), and one triple segment (T1) substitution lines were developed in F3 via MAS. Results show that pyramiding the segments from Chr.3 (qGL-3 and qPH-3), Chr.6 (qGL-6 and qPH-6), and Chr.7 (Null and qPH-7) tended to result in better phenotype of increased GL and PH and decreased grain width, providing a potential basis for enhancing grain yield and quality in rice breeding.
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15
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Huang J, Chen Z, Lin J, Guan B, Chen J, Zhang Z, Chen F, Jiang L, Zheng J, Wang T, Chen H, Xie W, Huang S, Wang H, Huang Y, Huang R. gw2.1, a new allele of GW2, improves grain weight and grain yield in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111495. [PMID: 36240912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is an important characteristic of grain shape and a key contributing factor to the grain yield in rice. Here, we report that gw2.1, a new allele of the Grain Width and Weight 2 (GW2) gene, regulates grain size and grain weight. A single nucleotide substitution in the coding sequence (CDS) of gw2.1 resulted in the change of glutamate to lysine (E128K) in GW2.1 protein. Complementation tests and GW2 overexpression experiments demonstrated that the missense mutation in gw2.1 was responsible for the phenotype of enlarged grain size in the mutant line jf42. The large grain trait of the near-isogenic line NIL-gw2.1 was found to result from increased cell proliferation during flower development. Meanwhile, NIL-gw2.1 was shown to increase grain yield without compromising the grain quality. The GW2 protein was localized to the cell nucleus and membrane, and interacted with CHB705, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex. Finally, the F1 hybrids from crosses of NIL-gw2.1 with 7 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines exhibited large grains and desirable grain appearance. Thus, gw2.1 is a promising allele that could be applied to improve grain yield and grain appearance in rice. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: The datasets generated and/or analyzed in the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Binbin Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Quanzhou Agricultural Science Institute, Quanzhou 362212, China
| | - Zesen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liangrong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Quanzhou Agricultural Science Institute, Quanzhou 362212, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Quanzhou Agricultural Science Institute, Quanzhou 362212, China
| | - Wangyou Xie
- Quanzhou Agricultural Science Institute, Quanzhou 362212, China
| | - Senhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Houcong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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16
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Pruthi R, Chapagain S, Coronejo S, Singh L, Subudhi PK. Quantitative trait loci, candidate genes, and breeding lines to improve salt tolerance at the flowering and seedling stages in rice. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Pruthi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Sandeep Chapagain
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Sapphire Coronejo
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Lovepreet Singh
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Prasant Kumar Subudhi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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17
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Shi H, Yun P, Zhu Y, Wang L, Li P, Lou G, Xia D, Zhang Q, Xiao J, Li X, He Y, Gao G. Fine mapping of qTGW2b and qGL9, two minor QTL conferring grain size and weight in rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:68. [PMID: 37313476 PMCID: PMC10248648 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice grain size is a key determinant of both grain yield and quality. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping on grain size using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between japonica variety Beilu130 (BL130) and indica variety Jin23B (J23B). A total of twenty-two QTL related to grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain length-to-width ratio (LWR), grain thickness (GT), and thousand grain weight (TGW) were detected under two environments, and 14 of them were repeatedly detected. Two minor QTL, qTGW2b and qGL9, were validated and further delimited to regions of 631 kb and 272 kb, respectively. Parental sequence comparison of genes expressed in inflorescence in corresponding candidate regions identified frameshifts in the exons of LOC_Os02g38690 and LOC_Os02g38780, both of which encode protein phosphatase 2C-containing protein, and LOC_Os09g29930, which encodes a BIM2 protein. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the increase of cell size rather than cell number caused the differences in grain size between NILs of qTGW2b and qGL9. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of EXPA4, EXPA5, EXPA6, EXPB3, EXPB4, and EXPB7 were significantly different in both qTGW2b NILs and qGL9 NILs. Our results lay the foundation for the cloning of qTGW2b and qGL9, and provide genetic materials for the improvement of rice yield and quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01328-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Peng Yun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Guangming Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Duo Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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18
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Hu B, Chen W, Wan L, Li T, Wang H, Wang Y, Pu Z, Tu B, Yuan H, Wang Y, Ma B, Qin P, Li S. Short grain 5 controls grain length in rice by regulating cell expansion. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111412. [PMID: 35961516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grain shape is a crucial determinant of grain weight and quality and plays a vital role in rice breeding. Although many grain shape-related genes have been reported, the regulatory relationship between them has not been well characterized in rice. In this study, we report the isolation of a short-grain-length mutant called sg5 from the heavy-panicle-type hybrid rice elite restorer line 'ShuhuiR498' (R498) after ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treatment. MutMap cloning revealed that SG5 encodes a Myb-like transcription factor. A missense mutation in the first exon of SG5 was found to cause an amino acid change from leucine to proline at position 197 in the mutant SG5 protein. Gene knockout and genetic complementation experiments confirmed that the point mutation in SG5 was responsible for the sg5 mutant phenotype. SG5 is mainly expressed in young panicles and hulls. In addition, the SG5 protein is found in the nucleus and does not affect subcellular localization. Histochemical observation and gene expression analysis indicated that SG5 regulates spikelet hull development by mediating cell expansion. Moreover, the expression levels of BG1, GS2, and DEP1 were reduced in sg5 plants, and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that SG5 can bind to the BG1 gene promoter. The effect of pyramiding sg5 and GS3 suggests that sg5 and GS3 regulate grain length independently. The results of our study show that the missense mutation in sg5 is essential for the molecular function of SG5 and SG5 is involved in regulating cell expansion and expression of grain-shape-related genes to regulate grain length. This work provides new data to help study and understand the molecular function of SG5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China; Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weilan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wan
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangkai Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigang Pu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Fang Y, Du Q, Yang Q, Jiang J, Hou X, Yang Z, Zhao D, Li X, Xie X. Identification, characterization, and expression profiling of the putative U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family in Sorghum bicolor. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:942302. [PMID: 36187972 PMCID: PMC9520534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The U-box family is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase families in plants. The U-box family has been characterized in several species. However, genome-wide gene identification and expression profiling of the U-box family in response to abiotic stress in Sorghum bicolor remain unclear. In this study, we broadly identified 68 U-box genes in the sorghum genome, including 2 CHIP genes, and 1 typical UFD2 (Ub fusion degradation 2) gene. The U-box gene family was divided into eight subclasses based on homology and conserved domain characteristics. Evolutionary analysis identified 14, 66, and 82 U-box collinear gene pairs in sorghum compared with arabidopsis, rice, and maize, respectively, and a unique tandem repeat pair (SbPUB26/SbPUB27) is present in the sorghum genome. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that U-box proteins were mainly related to ubiquitination and modification, and various stress responses. Comprehensive analysis of promoters, expression profiling, and gene co-regulation networks also revealed that many sorghum U-box genes may be correlated with multiple stress responses. In summary, our results showed that sorghum contains 68 U-box genes, which may be involved in multiple abiotic stress responses. The findings will support future gene functional studies related to ubiquitination in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiaoli Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zaifu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Mountain Plant Resources Protection and Germplasm Innovation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Conservation Technology Application Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Conservation Technology Application Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xie,
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20
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Ye Y, Wang S, Ren Y, Yang H, Guo J, Jiang H, Zhu X, Li W, Tao L, Zhan Y, Wu Y, Fu X, Wu K, Liu B. Low grain weight, a new allele of BRITTLE CULM12, affects grain size through regulating GW7 expression in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:997624. [PMID: 36176686 PMCID: PMC9513473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is a major determinant in rice yield, which is tightly associated with grain size. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that control this trait remain unclear. Here, we report a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, low grain weight (lgw), which shows that reduced grain length is caused by decreased cell elongation and proliferation. Map-based cloning revealed that all mutant phenotypes resulted from a nine-base pair (bp) deletion in LGW, which encodes the kinesin-like protein BRITTLE CULM12 (BC12). Protein sequence alignment analysis revealed that the mutation site was located at the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of LGW/BC12, resulting in the lgw protein not being located in the nucleus. LGW is preferentially expressed in both culms and roots, as well as in the early developing panicles. Overexpression of LGW increased the grain length, indicating that LGW is a positive regulator for regulating grain length. In addition, LGW/BC12 is directly bound to the promoter of GW7 and activates its expression. Elevating the GW7 expression levels in lgw plants rescued the small grain size phenotype. We conclude that LGW regulates grain development by directly binding to the GW7 promoter and activating its expression. Our findings revealed that LGW plays an important role in regulating grain size, and manipulation of this gene provides a new strategy for regulating grain weight in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shuoxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Junyao Guo
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hongrui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Liangzhi Tao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Zhan
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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21
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GLW7.1, a Strong Functional Allele of Ghd7, Enhances Grain Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158715. [PMID: 35955848 PMCID: PMC9369204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain size is a key determinant of both grain weight and grain quality. Here, we report the map-based cloning of a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL), GLW7.1 (Grain Length, Width and Weight 7.1), which encodes the CCT motif family protein, GHD7. The QTL is located in a 53 kb deletion fragment in the cultivar Jin23B, compared with the cultivar CR071. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and expression analysis revealed that GLW7.1 promotes the transcription of several cell division and expansion genes, further resulting in a larger cell size and increased cell number, and finally enhancing the grain size as well as grain weight. GLW7.1 could also increase endogenous GA content by up-regulating the expression of GA biosynthesis genes. Yeast two-hybrid assays and split firefly luciferase complementation assays revealed the interactions of GHD7 with seven grain-size-related proteins and the rice DELLA protein SLR1. Haplotype analysis and transcription activation assay revealed the effect of six amino acid substitutions on GHD7 activation activity. Additionally, the NIL with GLW7.1 showed reduced chalkiness and improved cooking and eating quality. These findings provide a new insight into the role of Ghd7 and confirm the great potential of the GLW7.1 allele in simultaneously improving grain yield and quality.
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22
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Kumar J, Kumar A, Sen Gupta D, Kumar S, DePauw RM. Reverse genetic approaches for breeding nutrient-rich and climate-resilient cereal and food legume crops. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:473-496. [PMID: 35249099 PMCID: PMC9178024 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, advancements in genomics tools and techniques have led to the discovery of many genes. Most of these genes still need to be characterized for their associated function and therefore, such genes remain underutilized for breeding the next generation of improved crop varieties. The recent developments in different reverse genetic approaches have made it possible to identify the function of genes controlling nutritional, biochemical, and metabolic traits imparting drought, heat, cold, salinity tolerance as well as diseases and insect-pests. This article focuses on reviewing the current status and prospects of using reverse genetic approaches to breed nutrient-rich and climate resilient cereal and food legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, 118 Strathcona Rd SW, Calgary, AB, T3H 1P3, Canada
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23
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Li T, Li Q, Wang J, Yang Z, Tang Y, Su Y, Zhang J, Qiu X, Pu X, Pan Z, Zhang H, Liang J, Liu Z, Li J, Yan W, Yu M, Long H, Wei Y, Deng G. High-resolution detection of quantitative trait loci for seven important yield-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a high-density SLAF-seq genetic map. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:37. [PMID: 35562674 PMCID: PMC9107147 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yield-related traits including thousand grain weight (TGW), grain number per spike (GNS), grain width (GW), grain length (GL), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), and spikelet number per spike (SNS) are greatly associated with grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with them, 193 recombinant inbred lines derived from two elite winter wheat varieties Chuanmai42 and Chuanmai39 were employed to perform QTL mapping in six/eight environments. RESULTS A total of 30 QTLs on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6D, 7A, 7B and 7D were identified. Among them, six major QTLs QTgw.cib-6A.1, QTgw.cib-6A.2, QGw.cib-6A, QGl.cib-3A, QGl.cib-6A, and QSl.cib-2D explaining 5.96-23.75% of the phenotypic variance were detected in multi-environments and showed strong and stable effects on corresponding traits. Three QTL clusters on chromosomes 2D and 6A containing 10 QTLs were also detected, which showed significant pleiotropic effects on multiple traits. Additionally, three Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers linked with five of these major QTLs were developed. Candidate genes of QTgw.cib-6A.1/QGl.cib-6A and QGl.cib-3A were analyzed based on the spatiotemporal expression patterns, gene annotation, and orthologous search. CONCLUSIONS Six major QTLs for TGW, GL, GW and SL were detected. Three KASP markers linked with five of these major QTLs were developed. These QTLs and KASP markers will be useful for elucidating the genetic architecture of grain yield and developing new wheat varieties with high and stable yield in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Su
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Juanyu Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xvebing Qiu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Pu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhifen Pan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zehou Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Maoqun Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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24
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Avsar B. Effective Strategies for Heterologous Expression of Plant Heterotrimeric
G-protein γ Subunits without Gβ Subunit Partners. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:429-439. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220203094448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In plants, heterotrimeric G-protein (Gγ) subunits are diverse, and they have
structural plasticity to provide functional selectivity to the heterotrimer. Although the Gβ and Gγ
subunits dimerize to function in the signaling pathway, the interaction mechanism of various Gγ
subunits with the Gβ subunit partners is still elusive.
Objective:
To better understand the interaction mechanism, one approach is to separate the subunits
for the re-assembly in vitro. Hence, developing a reliable method for achieving the efficient
production and purification of these proteins has become necessary.
Method:
In this study, Gγ1 and Gγ2 proteins from Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana were
successfully identified, cloned, expressed in bacteria, and purified as recombinant proteins with the
fusion tags. Highly expressed recombinant Gγ subunits in E. coli were digested by proteases, which
were also produced in the presented study.
Results:
Preliminary structural characterization studies without the Gβ partners showed that Gγ1
proteins have disordered structures with coiled-coil, α-helix extensions, and loops, whereas the Gγ2
protein has a more dominant β-sheet and turns structure. Finally, computational analyses performed
on Gγ genes have laid the foundation of new targets for biotechnological purposes.
Conclusion:
The proposed optimized expression and purification protocol can contribute to
investigations on the Gβγ binding mechanism in plant G-protein signaling. The investigations on
selective binding are critical to shed light on the role(s) of different plant Gγ subunit types in
biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihter Avsar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Zhao Y, Shi Y, Jiang G, Wu Y, Ma M, Zhang X, Liang X, Zhou JM. Rice extra-large G proteins play pivotal roles in controlling disease resistance and yield-related traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:607-617. [PMID: 35090194 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To better explore the potential of rice extra-large G (XLG) proteins in future breeding, we characterised the function of OsXLG1, OsXLG2 and OsXLG3 in disease resistance. Loss-of-function Osxlg2 and Osxlg3 mutants showed reduced resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas Osxlg1 mutants were specifically compromised in resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Consistent with their effects on rice blast resistance, mutations in OsXLG2 and OsXLG3 caused greater defects than did mutations in OsXLG1 for chitin-induced defence responses. All three OsXLGs interacted with components of a surface immune receptor complex composed of OsCERK1, OsRLCK176 and OsRLCK185. Further characterisation of yield-related traits showed that the Osxlg3 mutants displayed reduced plant height, panicle length and 1000grain weight, whereas Osxlg1 mutants exhibited increased plant height, panicle length and 1000-grain weight. Together the study shows the differential contributions of the three OsXLG proteins to disease resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens, their yield-related traits and provides insights for future improvement of rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guanghuai Jiang
- Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Miaomiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Li P, Chen YH, Lu J, Zhang CQ, Liu QQ, Li QF. Genes and Their Molecular Functions Determining Seed Structure, Components, and Quality of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35303197 PMCID: PMC8933604 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and rice trade worldwide, the demand for high-quality rice is increasing. Therefore, breeding high quality rice is critical to meet the market demand. However, progress in improving rice grain quality lags far behind that of rice yield. This might be because of the complexity of rice grain quality research, and the lack of consensus definition and evaluation standards for high quality rice. In general, the main components of rice grain quality are milling quality (MQ), appearance quality (AQ), eating and cooking quality (ECQ), and nutritional quality (NQ). Importantly, all these quality traits are determined directly or indirectly by the structure and composition of the rice seeds. Structurally, rice seeds mainly comprise the spikelet hull, seed coat, aleurone layer, embryo, and endosperm. Among them, the size of spikelet hull is the key determinant of rice grain size, which usually affects rice AQ, MQ, and ECQ. The endosperm, mainly composed of starch and protein, is the major edible part of the rice seed. Therefore, the content, constitution, and physicochemical properties of starch and protein are crucial for multiple rice grain quality traits. Moreover, the other substances, such as lipids, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, included in different parts of the rice seed, also contribute significantly to rice grain quality, especially the NQ. Rice seed growth and development are precisely controlled by many genes; therefore, cloning and dissecting these quality-related genes will enhance our knowledge of rice grain quality and will assist with the breeding of high quality rice. This review focuses on summarizing the recent progress on cloning key genes and their functions in regulating rice seed structure and composition, and their corresponding contributions to rice grain quality. This information will facilitate and advance future high quality rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Liang W, Hu F, Qi W, Zhao C, Chen T, Wang C, Lv Y, Zhang Y. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of GS3 Near-Isogenic Lines During Panicle Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:857143. [PMID: 35299956 PMCID: PMC8921255 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.857143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panicle architecture is an important agronomic trait in rice that affects rice yields and quality. The GRAIN SIZE 3 (GS3) locus has been identified as a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting grain length and weight. The current understanding of the function of the GS3 gene, especially concerning the regulatory mechanism of panicle development, is still in its infancy. In this study, we generated GS3 near-isogenic lines (NILs) by successive crossing and backcrossing of TD70 (large grain) with Kasalath (small grain), using Kasalath as the recurrent parent. To identify potential transcription dynamic changes in rice panicle formation and grain shape, we deeply analyzed transcriptional profiles for the NILs (NIL-GS3 and NIL-gs3) at three different panicle developmental stages (S, M, and L). A total of 887, 1,768, and 1,478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at stages S, M, and L, respectively. We also found 542 differential expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Co-expression analysis further revealed significant clusters associated with different development periods in NIL-gs3 lines. Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed G-protein signaling and hormones pathway were successively activated at the M and L stages of NIL-gs3, which indicated activation of the G-protein signaling pathway might trigger the down-streaming hormone signaling transduction. we found that other hormones such ABA, Auxin, CK were significantly enriched in the L stage in the NIL-gs3. We highlighted the synergistic interplay of G-protein and multiple hormones signaling pathways and their essential roles in regulating rice panicle formation and the grain shape. Our study provides an invaluable resource for further molecular mechanistic studies that affect rice grain size and provide new insight for directed selection by marker-assisted backcross breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfang Zhao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanda Lv, ; Yadong Zhang,
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Agrobiology, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanda Lv, ; Yadong Zhang,
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OsGGC2, Gγ Subunit of Heterotrimeric G Protein, Regulates Plant Height by Functionally Overlapping with DEP1 in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030422. [PMID: 35161403 PMCID: PMC8839887 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant heterotrimeric G proteins have been shown to regulate the size of various organs. There are three types of Gγ subunits in plants: type A, consisting of a canonical Gγ domain; type B, possessing a plant-specific domain at the N-terminus of the Gγ domain; and type C, possessing a plant-specific domain at the C-terminal of the Gγ domain. There is one type A, one type B, and three type C of the five γ-subunits in the rice genome. In type C Gγ subunits, GS3, which controls grain size; DEP1, which controls plant height and panicle branching; and their homolog OsGGC2, which affects grain size, have been reported; however, the function of each gene, their interactions, and molecular mechanisms for the control of plant height have not yet been clarified. In this study, we generated loss-of-function mutants of DEP1 and OsGGC2, which have high homology and similar expression, and investigated their phenotypes. Since both dep1 and osggc2 mutants were dwarfed and the double mutants showed a synergistic phenotype, we concluded that both DEP1 and OsGGC2 are positive regulators of plant height and that their functions are redundant.
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Simultaneous Improvement of Grain Yield and Quality through Manipulating Two Type C G Protein Gamma Subunits in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031463. [PMID: 35163383 PMCID: PMC8835848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in diverse organisms that mediates intracellular responses to external stimuli. In rice, the G proteins are involved in the regulation of multiple important agronomic traits. In this paper, we present our finding that two type C G protein gamma subunits, DEP1 and GS3, antagonistically regulated grain yield and grain quality. The DEP1 gene editing we conducted, significantly increased the grain number per panicle but had a negative impact on taste value, texture properties, and chalkiness-related traits. The GS3 gene editing decreased grain number per panicle but significantly increased grain length. In addition, the GS3 gene-edited plants showed improved taste value, appearance, texture properties, and Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) profiles. To combine the advantages of both gs3 and dep1, we conducted a molecular design breeding at the GS3 locus of a “super rice” variety, SN265, which has a truncated dep1 allele with erect panicle architecture, high-yield performance, and which is of mediocre eating quality. The elongated grain size of the sn265/gs3 gene-edited plants further increased the grain yield. More importantly, the texture properties and RVA profiles were significantly improved, and the taste quality was enhanced. Beyond showcasing the combined function of dep1 and gs3, this paper presents a strategy for the simultaneous improvement of rice grain yield and quality through manipulating two type C G protein gamma subunits in rice.
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Hu J, Huang L, Chen G, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang S, Liu J, Hu Q, Hu F, Wang W, Ding Y. The Elite Alleles of OsSPL4 Regulate Grain Size and Increase Grain Yield in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 34727228 PMCID: PMC8563897 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight and grain number, the two important yield traits, are mainly determined by grain size and panicle architecture in rice. Herein, we report the identification and functional analysis of OsSPL4 in panicle and grain development of rice. Using CRISPR/Cas9 system, two elite alleles of OsSPL4 were obtained, which exhibited an increasing number of grains per panicle and grain size, resulting in increase of rice yield. Cytological analysis showed that OsSPL4 could regulate spikelet development by promoting cell division. The results of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR validations also demonstrated that several MADS-box and cell-cycle genes were up-regulated in the mutation lines. Co-expression network revealed that many yield-related genes were involved in the regulation network of OsSPL4. In addition, OsSPL4 could be cleaved by the osa-miR156 in vivo, and the OsmiR156-OsSPL4 module might regulate the grain size in rice. Further analysis indicated that the large-grain allele of OsSPL4 in indica rice might introgress from aus varieties under artificial selection. Taken together, our findings suggested that OsSPL4 could be as a key regulator of grain size by acting on cell division control and provided a strategy for panicle architecture and grain size modification for yield improvement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yesheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- BGI-Baoshan, Baoshan, 678004, Yunnan, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shilai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fengyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Maruta N, Trusov Y, Jones AM, Botella JR. Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11841. [PMID: 34769272 PMCID: PMC8584482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, transduce signals from a diverse range of extracellular stimuli, resulting in the regulation of numerous cellular and physiological functions in Eukaryotes. According to the classic G protein paradigm established in animal models, the bound guanine nucleotide on a Gα subunit, either guanosine diphosphate (GDP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) determines the inactive or active mode, respectively. In plants, there are two types of Gα subunits: canonical Gα subunits structurally similar to their animal counterparts and unconventional extra-large Gα subunits (XLGs) containing a C-terminal domain homologous to the canonical Gα along with an extended N-terminal domain. Both Gα and XLG subunits interact with Gβγ dimers and regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) protein. Plant G proteins are implicated directly or indirectly in developmental processes, stress responses, and innate immunity. It is established that despite the substantial overall similarity between plant and animal Gα subunits, they convey signalling differently including the mechanism by which they are activated. This review emphasizes the unique characteristics of plant Gα subunits and speculates on their unique signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Maruta
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (N.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuri Trusov
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (N.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Departments of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (N.M.); (Y.T.)
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32
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Duan P, Li Y. Size matters: G protein signaling is crucial for grain size control in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1618-1620. [PMID: 34411726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Penggen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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33
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Matres JM, Hilscher J, Datta A, Armario-Nájera V, Baysal C, He W, Huang X, Zhu C, Valizadeh-Kamran R, Trijatmiko KR, Capell T, Christou P, Stoger E, Slamet-Loedin IH. Genome editing in cereal crops: an overview. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:461-498. [PMID: 34263445 PMCID: PMC8316241 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-editing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for crop improvement with superior precision and speed. This review presents an analysis of the current state of genome editing in the major cereal crops- rice, maize, wheat and barley. Genome editing has been used to achieve important agronomic and quality traits in cereals. These include adaptive traits to mitigate the effects of climate change, tolerance to biotic stresses, higher yields, more optimal plant architecture, improved grain quality and nutritional content, and safer products. Not all traits can be achieved through genome editing, and several technical and regulatory challenges need to be overcome for the technology to realize its full potential. Genome editing, however, has already revolutionized cereal crop improvement and is poised to shape future agricultural practices in conjunction with other breeding innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerlie Mhay Matres
- Genetic Design and Validation Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
| | - Julia Hilscher
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Akash Datta
- Genetic Design and Validation Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
| | - Victoria Armario-Nájera
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Can Baysal
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Wenshu He
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rana Valizadeh-Kamran
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kurniawan R Trijatmiko
- Genetic Design and Validation Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Inez H Slamet-Loedin
- Genetic Design and Validation Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
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Huang X, Hilscher J, Stoger E, Christou P, Zhu C. Modification of cereal plant architecture by genome editing to improve yields. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:953-978. [PMID: 33559722 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We summarize recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement. Plant architecture is defined as the three-dimensional organization of the entire plant. Shoot architecture refers to the structure and organization of the aboveground components of a plant, reflecting the developmental patterning of stems, branches, leaves and inflorescences/flowers. Root system architecture is essentially determined by four major shape parameters-growth, branching, surface area and angle. Interest in plant architecture has arisen from the profound impact of many architectural traits on agronomic performance, and the genetic and hormonal regulation of these traits which makes them sensitive to both selective breeding and agronomic practices. This is particularly important in staple crops, and a large body of literature has, therefore, accumulated on the control of architectural phenotypes in cereals, particularly rice due to its twin role as one of the world's most important food crops as well as a model organism in plant biology and biotechnology. These studies have revealed many of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of tiller/axillary branching, stem height, leaf and flower development, root architecture and the grain characteristics that ultimately help to determine yield. The advent of genome editing has made it possible, for the first time, to introduce precise mutations into cereal crops to optimize their architecture and close in on the concept of the ideotype. In this review, we consider recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Hilscher
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Liu C, Hu J, Fan W, Zhu P, Cao B, Zheng S, Xia Z, Zhu Y, Zhao A. Heterotrimeric G-protein γ subunits regulate ABA signaling in response to drought through interacting with PP2Cs and SnRK2s in mulberry (Morus alba L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:210-221. [PMID: 33639589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ABA signaling plays a central role in regulating plants respond to drought. Although much progress has been made in understanding the functions of ABA signaling in drought response, very little information is available regarding woody plants. In this study, the components of ABA signaling pathway were identified in mulberry which has excellent adaptation to drought, including three PYLs, two PP2Cs, two SnRK2s, four ABFs, and an ABA responsive gene MaRD29B. The gene expression of ABA signaling components exhibited significant response to ABA and drought, and their roles in drought response were revealed using a transient transformation system in mulberry seedlings. We discovered the ABA signaling components, MaABI1/2 and MaSnRK2.1/2.4, could directly interact with G-protein γ subunits, MaGγ1 and MaGγ2, which indicated that G-protein γ subunits may mediate the signal crosstalk between G-proteins and ABA signaling. Transient activation assay in tobacco and RNAi silencing assay in mulberry further demonstrated that MaGγ1 and MaGγ2 regulated drought response by enhancing ABA signaling. This study expands the repertoire of ABA signaling controlling drought responses in plants and provides the direct evidence about the crosstalk between ABA signaling and G-proteins for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Boning Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Sha Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Yingxue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China.
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Zhang D, Zhang M, Liang J. RGB1 Regulates Grain Development and Starch Accumulation Through Its Effect on OsYUC11-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:585174. [PMID: 33868323 PMCID: PMC8045708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.585174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RGB1, a subunit of heterotrimeric G protein, plays important roles in regulating grain size and weight of rice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying controlling grain filling process by G protein are still largely unclear. In the present study, we show that RGB1 controls not only the grain size but also the grain filling process. Knock-down of RGB1 significantly delayed grain development and reduced starch accumulation and grain weight, which was closely related to the delayed and the lower expression of genes encoding sucrose metabolism and starch biosynthesis related enzymes during grain filling stage. Suppression of RGB1 expression also resulted in the lower auxin content in grains, which was correlated with the lower expression of OsNF-YB1 and OsYUC11 during grain filling stage. Further biochemical evidence showed that OsYUC11 expression was under control of OsNF-YB1 by its interaction with promoter of OsYUC11. Taken together, we propose that RGB1 controls rice grain development and grain filling process by changing auxin homeostasis in endosperm cells. OsNF-YB1, which acts as a key downstream effector of RGB1, interacts directly with the promoter of OsYUC11 and stimulates the OsYUC11 expression, thereby regulating auxin biosynthesis and starch accumulation and grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Ofoe R. Signal transduction by plant heterotrimeric G-protein. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:3-10. [PMID: 32803877 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are complexes that regulate important signalling pathways essential for growth and development in both plants and animals. Although plant cells are composed of the core components (Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits) found in animal G-proteins, the complexities of the architecture, function and signalling mechanisms of those in animals are dissimilar to those identified in some plants. Current studies on plant G-proteins have improved knowledge of the essential physiological and agronomic properties, which when harnessed, could potentially impact global food security. Extensive studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties in diverse plant species will be imperative in improving our current understanding of G-protein signalling pathways involved in plant growth and development. The advancement of G-protein signalling networks in distinct plant species could significantly aid in better crop development. This review summarizes current progress, novel discoveries and future prospects for this area in potential crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ofoe
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- West African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Tao Y, Miao J, Wang J, Li W, Xu Y, Wang F, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Fan F, Xu M, Zhou Y, Liang G, Yang J. RGG1, Involved in the Cytokinin Regulatory Pathway, Controls Grain Size in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:76. [PMID: 33169285 PMCID: PMC7652983 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins (G proteins) and cytokinin play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, little is known about the mechanism by which they coordinate the regulation of grain size in rice. We functionally characterized one gene, RGG1, encoding a type-A Gγ subunit. Strong GUS staining was detected in young panicles and spikelets, suggesting a role for this gene in modulating panicle-related trait development. Overexpression of RGG1 in Nipponbare (NIP) and Wuyunjing 30 (WYJ30) significantly decreased plant height, panicle length and grain length by regulating cell division. However, rgg1 mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system exhibited no obvious phenotypic differences, which may be due to the extremely low expression level of this gene in vivo. The transcriptomes of young panicles of NIP, the NIP-rgg1-2 mutant and the NIP-OE2 overexpression line were sequenced, and the results showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the cytokinin biosynthetic pathway. We confirmed this result by measuring the endogenous cytokinin levels and found that cytokinin content was lower in the overexpression lines. Additionally, increased expression of RGG1 decreased sensitivity to low concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). Our results reveal a novel G protein-cytokinin module controlling grain size in rice and will be beneficial for understanding the mechanisms by which G proteins regulate grain size and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Tao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangquan Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Jiang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangjun Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengbin Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Lan J, Lin Q, Zhou C, Ren Y, Liu X, Miao R, Jing R, Mou C, Nguyen T, Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Guo X, Liu S, Jiang L, Wan J. Small grain and semi-dwarf 3, a WRKY transcription factor, negatively regulates plant height and grain size by stabilizing SLR1 expression in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:429-450. [PMID: 32808190 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OsWRKY36 represses plant height and grain size by inhibiting gibberellin signaling. Plant height and grain size are important agronomic traits affecting yield in cereals, including rice. Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that promote plant growth and developmental processions such as stem elongation and grain size. WRKYs are transcription factors that regulate stress tolerance and plant development including height and grain size. However, the relationship between GA signaling and WRKY genes is still poorly understood. Here, we characterized a small grain and semi-dwarf 3 (sgsd3) mutant in rice cv. Hwayoung (WT). A T-DNA insertion in the 5'-UTR of OsWRKY36 induced overexpression of OsWRKY36 in the sgsd3 mutant, likely leading to the mutant phenotype. This was confirmed by the finding that overexpression of OsWRKY36 caused a similar small grain and semi-dwarf phenotype to the sgsd3 mutant whereas knock down and knock out caused larger grain phenotypes. The sgsd3 mutant was also hyposensitive to GA and accumulated higher mRNA and protein levels of SLR1 (a GA signaling DELLA-like inhibitor) compared with the WT. Further assays showed that OsWRKY36 enhanced SLR1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. In addition, we found that OsWRKY36 can protect SLR1 from GA-mediated degradation. We thus identified a new GA signaling repressor OsWRKY36 that represses GA signaling through stabilizing the expression of SLR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yakun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changling Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Thanhliem Nguyen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Quynhon University, Quynhon, Binhdinh, 590000, Vietnam
| | - Xingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Chang S, Chen Y, Jia S, Li Y, Liu K, Lin Z, Wang H, Chu Z, Liu J, Xi C, Zhao H, Han S, Wang Y. Auxin apical dominance governed by the OsAsp1-OsTIF1 complex determines distinctive rice caryopses development on different branches. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009157. [PMID: 33108367 PMCID: PMC7647119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa), caryopses located on proximal secondary branches (CSBs) have smaller grain size and poorer grain filling than those located on apical primary branches (CPBs), greatly limiting grain yield. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for developmental differences between CPBs and CSBs remains elusive. In this transcriptome-wide expression study, we identified the gene Aspartic Protease 1 (OsAsp1), which reaches an earlier and higher transcriptional peak in CPBs than in CSBs after pollination. Disruption of OsAsp1 expression in the heterozygous T-DNA line asp1-1+/–eliminated developmental differences between CPBs and CSBs. OsAsp1 negatively regulated the transcriptional inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis, OsTAA1 transcriptional inhibition factor 1 (OsTIF1), to preserve indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) apical dominance in CPBs and CSBs. IAA also facilitated OsTIF1 translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the nucleus by releasing the interaction of OsTIF1 with OsAsp1 to regulate caryopses IAA levels via a feedback loop. IAA promoted transcription of OsAsp1 through MADS29 to maintain an OsAsp1 differential between CPBs and CSBs during pollination. Together, these findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the distributed auxin differential between CPBs and CSBs to regulate distinct caryopses development in different rice branches and potential targets for engineering yield improvement in crops. Rice is a major food crop and an important model plant. Compared with caryopses on apical primary branches (CPBs) of rice, those located on proximal secondary branches (CSBs) display smaller grains and poor grain filling, which greatly limit rice yield potential fulfilment, especially among ‘super’ rice cultivars. In this study, we demonstrated that high indole-3-acetic (IAA) levels upregulated Aspartic Protease 1 (OsAsp1) transcription via MADS29 post-pollination to produce higher OsAsp1 levels in CPBs than in CSBs. OsAsp1 then interacted with OsTAA1 transcriptional inhibition factor 1 (OsTIF1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to dispel OsTIF1 transcriptional inhibition of OsTAA1, causing IAA content to peak in CPBs at 5 days after fertilisation (DAF). IAA facilitated OsTIF1 translocation from the ER to the nucleus by reducing its interaction with OsAsp1 as feedback regulation of IAA levels in caryopses. Thus, differential auxin levels between CPBs and CSBs are determined by the OsAsp1-OsTIF1 complex, and are essential for the distinct development of CPBs and CSBs, providing potential targets for engineering yield improvement in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Shenghua Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Yihao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Zhouhua Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Hanmeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Zhilin Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability of the People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Qinghai Normal University, Qinghai, China
- * E-mail: (SH); (YW)
| | - Yingdian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability of the People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Qinghai Normal University, Qinghai, China
- * E-mail: (SH); (YW)
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41
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Paul MJ, Watson A, Griffiths CA. Linking fundamental science to crop improvement through understanding source and sink traits and their integration for yield enhancement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2270-2280. [PMID: 31665486 PMCID: PMC7134924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding processes in sources and sinks that contribute to crop yields has taken years of painstaking research. For crop yield improvement, processes need to be understood as standalone mechanisms in addition to how these mechanisms perform at the crop level; currently there is often a chasm between the two. Fundamental mechanisms need to be considered in the context of crop ideotypes and the agricultural environment which is often more water limited than carbon limited. Different approaches for improvement should be considered, namely is there genetic variation? Or if not, could genetic modification, genome editing, or alternative approaches be utilized? Currently, there are few examples where genetic modification has improved intrinsic yield in the field for commercial application in a major crop. Genome editing, particularly of negative yield regulators as a first step, is providing new opportunities. Here we highlight key mechanisms in source and sink, arguing that for large yield increases integration of key processes is likely to produce the biggest successes within the framework of crop ideotypes with optimized phenology. We highlight a plethora of recent papers that show breakthroughs in fundamental science and the promise of the trehalose 6-phosphate signalling pathway, which regulates carbohydrate allocation which is key for many crop traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Amy Watson
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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Cui Y, Jiang N, Xu Z, Xu Q. Heterotrimeric G protein are involved in the regulation of multiple agronomic traits and stress tolerance in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:90. [PMID: 32111163 PMCID: PMC7048073 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterotrimeric G protein complex, consisting of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, are conserved signal transduction mechanism in eukaryotes. Recent molecular researches had demonstrated that G protein signaling participates in the regulation of yield related traits. However, the effects of G protein genes on yield components and stress tolerance are not well characterized. RESULTS In this study, we generated heterotrimeric G protein mutants in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) gene-editing technology. The effects of heterotrimeric G proteins on the regulation of yield components and stress tolerance were investigated. The mutants of gs3 and dep1 generated preferable agronomic traits compared to the wild-type, whereas the mutants of rga1 showed an extreme dwarf phenotype, which led to a dramatic decrease in grain production. The mutants showed improved stress tolerance, especially under salinity treatment. We found four putative extra-large G proteins (PXLG)1-4 that also participate in the regulation of yield components and stress tolerance. A yeast two hybrid showed that the RGB1 might interact with PXLG2 but not with PXLG1, PXLG3 or PXLG4. CONCLUSION These findings will not only improve our understanding of the repertoire of heterotrimeric G proteins in rice but also contribute to the application of heterotrimeric G proteins in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Shenyang Research and Development Service Center of Modern Agriculture, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
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Wu L, Cui Y, Xu Z, Xu Q. Identification of Multiple Grain Shape-Related Loci in Rice Using Bulked Segregant Analysis With High-Throughput Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32308659 PMCID: PMC7145986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Grain shape (GS) is an important agronomic trait that can improve rice breeding for optimal appearance quality, and it varies highly between indica and japonica subspecies. In this study, we conducted a genome sequencing of a series of recombination inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between japonica variety Shennong265 (SN265) and indica variety R99, and we successfully detected seven loci associated with GS. Subsequent analysis showed that a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) corresponded to the qSW5/GW5. To identify a main-effect locus, we conducted bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in two F2 populations. A 0.8-Mb region on chromosome 9 was identified as the candidate region of GS. There are 101 predicted genes in this region, and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms/insertions and deletions (SNPs/INDELs) caused frameshift. We found that a 637-bp stretch in exon 5 of the DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) locus in SN265 was replaced by a 12-bp sequence. The two types of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited plants confirmed that DEP1 affected GS, and both Gγ and Cys-rich domains participated in this regulatory mechanism. These findings improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism of GS in rice and provide an effective and rapid strategy for the identification of main-effect loci of target traits.
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44
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Maruta N, Trusov Y, Chakravorty D, Urano D, Assmann SM, Botella JR. Nucleotide exchange-dependent and nucleotide exchange-independent functions of plant heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/606/eaav9526. [PMID: 31690635 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are versatile, guanine nucleotide-dependent, molecular on-off switches. In animals and fungi, the exchange of GDP for GTP on Gα controls G protein activation and is crucial for normal cellular responses to diverse extracellular signals. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has a single canonical Gα subunit, AtGPA1. We found that, in planta, the constitutively active, GTP-bound AtGPA1(Q222L) mutant and the nucleotide-free AtGPA1(S52C) mutant interacted with Gβγ1 and Gβγ2 dimers with similar affinities, suggesting that G protein heterotrimer formation occurred independently of nucleotide exchange. In contrast, AtGPA1(Q222L) had a greater affinity than that of AtGPA1(S52C) for Gβγ3, suggesting that the GTP-bound conformation of AtGPA1(Q222L) is distinct and tightly associated with Gβγ3. Functional analysis of transgenic lines expressing either AtGPA1(S52C) or AtGPA1(Q222L) in the gpa1-null mutant background revealed various mutant phenotypes that were complemented by either AtGPA1(S52C) or AtGPA1(Q222L). We conclude that, in addition to the canonical GDP-GTP exchange-dependent mechanism, plant G proteins can function independently of nucleotide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Maruta
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuri Trusov
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Chakravorty
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jose R Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. .,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Swain DM, Sahoo RK, Chandan RK, Ghosh S, Kumar R, Jha G, Tuteja N. Concurrent overexpression of rice G-protein β and γ subunits provide enhanced tolerance to sheath blight disease and abiotic stress in rice. PLANTA 2019; 250:1505-1520. [PMID: 31332521 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our study demonstrates that simultaneous overexpression of RGB1 and RGG1 genes provides multiple stress tolerance in rice by inducing stress responsive genes and better management of ROS scavenging/photosynthetic machineries. The heterotrimeric G-proteins act as signalling molecules and modulate various cellular responses including stress tolerance in eukaryotes. The gamma (γ) subunit of rice G-protein (RGG1) was earlier reported to promote salinity stress tolerance in rice. In the present study, we report that a rice gene-encoding beta (β) subunit of G-protein (RGB1) gets upregulated during both biotic (upon a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani infection) and drought stresses. Marker-free transgenic IR64 rice lines that simultaneously overexpress both RGB1 and RGG1 genes under CaMV35S promoter were raised. The overexpressing (OE) lines showed enhanced tolerance to R. solani infection and salinity/drought stresses. Several defense marker genes including OsMPK3 were significantly upregulated in the R. solani-infected OE lines. We also found the antioxidant machineries to be upregulated during salinity as well as drought stress in the OE lines. Overall, the present study provides evidence that concurrent overexpression of G-protein subunits (RGG1 and RGB1) impart multiple (both biotic and abiotic) stress tolerance in rice which could be due to the enhanced expression of stress-marker genes and better management of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging/photosynthetic machinery. The current study suggests an improved approach for simultaneous improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in rice which remains a major challenge for its sustainable cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Madhab Swain
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Chandan
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujrat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Li X, Shi S, Tao Q, Tao Y, Miao J, Peng X, Li C, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Liang G. OsGASR9 positively regulates grain size and yield in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:17-27. [PMID: 31300138 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific gibberellic acid (GA)-stimulated transcript gene family is critical for plant growth and development. There are 10 family members in rice (Oryza sativa), known as OsGASRs. However, few have been functionally characterized. Here, we investigated the function of OsGASR9 in rice. OsGASR9 transcripts were detected in various tissues, with the lowest and highest levels in leaves and panicles, respectively. Greater mRNA levels accumulated in young, compared with in old, panicles and spikelets. OsGASR9 localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. Transgenic RNA interference-derived lines in the Zhonghua 11 background exhibited reduced plant height, grain size and yield compared with the wild-type. The two osgasr9 mutants in the Nipponbare background showed similar phenotypes. Conversely, the overexpression of OsGASR9 in the two backgrounds increased plant height and grain size. A significantly increased grain yield per plant was also observed in the overexpression lines having a Nipponbare background. Furthermore, by measuring the GA-induced lengths of the second leaf sheaths and α-amylase activity levels of seeds, we concluded that OsGASR9 is a positive regulator of responses to GA in rice. Thus, OsGASR9 may regulate plant height, grain size and yield through the GA pathway and could have an application value in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangyue Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Quandan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yajun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiuron Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Xu R, Li N, Li Y. Control of grain size by G protein signaling in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:533-540. [PMID: 30597738 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes by sensing and transducing various signals. G protein signaling in plants is quite different from that in animals, and the mechanisms of plant G protein signaling are still largely unknown. Several recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of G protein signaling in rice grain size and yield control. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the function of G proteins in rice grain size control and discuss the potential genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Abstract
The size of seeds affects not only evolutionary fitness but also grain yield of crops. Understanding the mechanisms controlling seed size has become an important research field in plant science. Seed size is determined by the integrated signals of maternal and zygotic tissues, which control the coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. Recent advances have identified several signaling pathways that control seed size through maternal tissues, including or involving the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G-protein signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, phytohormone perception and homeostasis, and some transcriptional regulators. Meanwhile, growth of the zygotic tissues is regulated in part by the HAIKU (IKU) pathway and phytohormones. This review provides a general overview of current findings in seed size control and discusses the emerging molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks found to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering and Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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