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Cho JS, Kim MH, Jang HA, Choi H, Jeon HW, Lee H, Ko JH. Functional impacts of PtrMYB203 on phenylpropanoid pathway regulation and wood properties in hybrid poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109118. [PMID: 39270565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway is vital for plant growth and development, producing lignin and flavonoids. This study investigates PtrMYB203, a homolog of MYB repressors of proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa, as a transcriptional repressor in the phenylpropanoid pathway of hybrid poplar (Populus alba x P. glandulosa). Overexpression of PtrMYB203 (35S::PtrMYB203) in hybrid poplar detrimentally impacted plant growth and development. Histological analysis revealed irregular xylem vessel formation and decreased lignin content, corroborated by Klason lignin assays. Moreover, 35S::PtrMYB203 transgenic poplars exhibited significant decreases in anthocyanin and PA accumulations in callus tissues, even under high light conditions. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and protoplast-based transcriptional activation assay confirmed the downregulation of lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis genes. This genetic modification also alters the expression of several MYB transcription factors, essential for phenylpropanoid pathway regulation. Remarkably, saccharification efficiency in the 35S::PtrMYB203 poplar was improved by over 34% following hot water treatment alone. These findings suggest PtrMYB203 as a potential genetic target for enhancing wood properties for bioenergy production, providing valuable insights into the manipulation of metabolite pathways in woody perennials to advance wood biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-A Jang
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunmo Choi
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Woo Jeon
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Yao X, Zhang G, Zhang G, Sun Q, Liu C, Chu J, Jing Y, Niu S, Fu C, Lew TTS, Lin J, Li X. PagARGOS promotes low-lignin wood formation in poplar. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2201-2215. [PMID: 38492213 PMCID: PMC11258991 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Wood formation, which occurs mainly through secondary xylem development, is important not only for supplying raw material for the 'ligno-chemical' industry but also for driving the storage of carbon. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the promotion of xylem formation remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that overexpression of Auxin-Regulated Gene involved in Organ Size (ARGOS) in hybrid poplar 84 K (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa) enlarged organ size. In particular, PagARGOS promoted secondary growth of stems with increased xylem formation. To gain further insight into how PagARGOS regulates xylem development, we further carried out yeast two-hybrid screening and identified that the auxin transporter WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1) interacts with PagARGOS. Overexpression of PagARGOS up-regulated WAT1, activating a downstream auxin response promoting cambial cell division and xylem differentiation for wood formation. Moreover, overexpressing PagARGOS caused not only higher wood yield but also lower lignin content compared with wild-type controls. PagARGOS is therefore a potential candidate gene for engineering fast-growing and low-lignin trees with improved biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Guifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Geng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryCollege of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanping Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shihui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesCollege of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological RestorationCollege of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Bao R, Zeng C, Li K, Li M, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Wang Y, Huang D, Wang W, Chen X. MeGT2.6 increases cellulose synthesis and active gibberellin content to promote cell enlargement in cassava. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1014-1029. [PMID: 38805573 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cassava, a pivotal tropical crop, exhibits rapid growth and possesses a substantial biomass. Its stem is rich in cellulose and serves as a crucial carbohydrate storage organ. The height and strength of stems restrict the mechanised operation and propagation of cassava. In this study, the triple helix transcription factor MeGT2.6 was identified through yeast one-hybrid assay using MeCesA1pro as bait, which is critical for cellulose synthesis. Over-expression and loss-of-function lines were generated, and results revealed that MeGT2.6 could promote a significant increase in the plant height, stem diameter, cell size and thickness of SCW of cassava plant. Specifically, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeGA20ox1 and downregulated the expression level of MeGA2ox1, thereby enhancing the content of active GA3, resulting in a large cell size, high plant height and long stem diameter in cassava. Moreover, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeCesA1, which promoted the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose and produced a thick secondary cell wall. Finally, MeGT2.6 could help supply additional substrates for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose by upregulating the invertase genes (MeNINV1/6). Thus, MeGT2.6 was found to be a multiple regulator; it was involved in GA metabolism and sucrose decomposition and the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Bao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Changying Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
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Yang Y, Chaffin TA, Shao Y, Balasubramanian VK, Markillie M, Mitchell H, Rubio‐Wilhelmi MM, Ahkami AH, Blumwald E, Neal Stewart C. Novel synthetic inducible promoters controlling gene expression during water-deficit stress with green tissue specificity in transgenic poplar. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1596-1609. [PMID: 38232002 PMCID: PMC11123411 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic promoters may be designed using short cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and core promoter sequences for specific purposes. We identified novel conserved DNA motifs from the promoter sequences of leaf palisade and vascular cell type-specific expressed genes in water-deficit stressed poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba), collected through low-input RNA-seq analysis using laser capture microdissection. Hexamerized sequences of four conserved 20-base motifs were inserted into each synthetic promoter construct. Two of these synthetic promoters (Syn2 and Syn3) induced GFP in transformed poplar mesophyll protoplasts incubated in 0.5 M mannitol solution. To identify effect of length and sequence from a valuable 20 base motif, 5' and 3' regions from a basic sequence (GTTAACTTCAGGGCCTGTGG) of Syn3 were hexamerized to generate two shorter synthetic promoters, Syn3-10b-1 (5': GTTAACTTCA) and Syn3-10b-2 (3': GGGCCTGTGG). These promoters' activities were compared with Syn3 in plants. Syn3 and Syn3-10b-1 were specifically induced in transient agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in water cessation for 3 days. In stable transgenic poplar, Syn3 presented as a constitutive promoter but had the highest activity in leaves. Syn3-10b-1 had stronger induction in green tissues under water-deficit stress conditions than mock control. Therefore, a synthetic promoter containing the 5' sequence of Syn3 endowed both tissue-specificity and water-deficit inducibility in transgenic poplar, whereas the 3' sequence did not. Consequently, we have added two new synthetic promoters to the poplar engineering toolkit: Syn3-10b-1, a green tissue-specific and water-deficit stress-induced promoter, and Syn3, a green tissue-preferential constitutive promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongil Yang
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic BiologyUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Timothy A. Chaffin
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic BiologyUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic BiologyUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Meng Markillie
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Hugh Mitchell
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | | | - Amir H. Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic BiologyUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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5
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Yu C, Liu G, Qin J, Wan X, Guo A, Wei H, Chen Y, Lian B, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genomic and transcriptomic studies on flavonoid biosynthesis in Lagerstroemia indica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 38443839 PMCID: PMC10913235 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagerstroemia indica is a widely cultivated ornamental woody shrub/tree of the family Lythraceae that is used as a traditional medicinal plant in East Asia and Egypt. However, unlike other ornamental woody plants, its genome is not well-investigated, which hindered the discovery of the key genes that regulate important traits and the synthesis of bioactive compounds. RESULTS In this study, the genomic sequences of L. indica were determined using several next-generation sequencing technologies. Altogether, 324.01 Mb sequences were assembled and 98.21% (318.21 Mb) of them were placed in 24 pseudo-chromosomes. The heterozygosity, repeated sequences, and GC residues occupied 1.65%, 29.17%, and 38.64% of the genome, respectively. In addition, 28,811 protein-coding gene models, 327 miRNAs, 552 tRNAs, 214 rRNAs, and 607 snRNAs were identified. The intra- and interspecies synteny and Ks analysis revealed that L. indica exhibits a hexaploidy. The co-expression profiles of the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid (PA) and flavonoid/anthocyanin (ABGs) pathways with the R2R3 MYB genes (137 members) showed that ten R2R3 MYB genes positively regulate flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis. The colors of flowers with white, purple (PB), and deep purplish pink (DPB) petals were found to be determined by the levels of delphinidin-based (Dp) derivatives. However, the substrate specificities of LiDFR and LiOMT probably resulted in the different compositions of flavonoid/anthocyanin. In L. indica, two LiTTG1s (LiTTG1-1 and LiTTG1-2) were found to be the homologs of AtTTG1 (WD40). LiTTG1-1 was found to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis using the tobacco transient transfection assay. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the ancestor L. indica experienced genome triplication approximately 38.5 million years ago and that LiTTG1-1 represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, several genes such as LiDFR, LiOMTs, and R2R3 LiMYBs are related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and alleles responsible for flower color development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Jin Qin
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Xi Wan
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Anfang Guo
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
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Yang S, Zong W, Shi L, Li R, Ma Z, Ma S, Si J, Wu Z, Zhai J, Ma Y, Fan Z, Chen S, Huang H, Zhang D, Bao Y, Li R, Xie J. PPGR: a comprehensive perennial plant genomes and regulation database. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1588-D1596. [PMID: 37933857 PMCID: PMC10767873 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perennial woody plants hold vital ecological significance, distinguished by their unique traits. While significant progress has been made in their genomic and functional studies, a major challenge persists: the absence of a comprehensive reference platform for collection, integration and in-depth analysis of the vast amount of data. Here, we present PPGR (Resource for Perennial Plant Genomes and Regulation; https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ppgr/) to address this critical gap, by collecting, integrating, analyzing and visualizing genomic, gene regulation and functional data of perennial plants. PPGR currently includes 60 species, 847 million protein-protein/TF (transcription factor)-target interactions, 9016 transcriptome samples under various environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds. Noteworthy is the focus on genes that regulate wood production, seasonal dormancy, terpene biosynthesis and leaf senescence representing a wealth of information derived from experimental data, literature mining, public databases and genomic predictions. Furthermore, PPGR incorporates a range of multi-omics search and analysis tools to facilitate browsing and application of these extensive datasets. PPGR represents a comprehensive and high-quality resource for perennial plants, substantiated by an illustrative case study that demonstrates its capacity in unraveling gene functions and shedding light on potential regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenting Zong
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruisi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenshu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shubao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingna Si
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinglan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingke Ma
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhuojing Fan
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiming Bao
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rujiao Li
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Guérin C, Behr M, Sait J, Mol A, El Jaziri M, Baucher M. Evidence for poplar PtaPLATZ18 in the regulation of plant growth and vascular tissues development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302536. [PMID: 38186608 PMCID: PMC10768006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant A/T-rich protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) are plant-specific transcription factors playing a role in plant development and stress response. To assess the role of PLATZs in vascular system development and wood formation in poplar, a functional study for PtaPLATZ18, whose expression was associated with the xylem, was carried out. Methods Poplar dominant repressor lines for PtaPLATZ18 were produced by overexpressing a PtaPLATZ18-SRDX fusion. The phenotype of three independent transgenic lines was evaluated at morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels and compared to the wild type. Results The PtaPLATZ18-SRDX lines showed increased plant height resulting from higher internode length. Besides, a higher secondary xylem thickness was also evidenced in these dominant repression lines as compared to the wild type suggesting an activation of cambial activity. A higher amount of lignin was evidenced within wood tissue as compared to the wild type, indicating an alteration in cell wall composition within xylem cell types. This latter phenotype was linked to an increased expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and polymerization. Discussion The phenotype observed in the PtaPLATZ18-SRDX lines argues that this transcription factor targets key regulators of plant growth and vascular tissues development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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8
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Peng X, Tong B, Lee J, Wang K, Yu X, Huang X, Wen J, Makarem M, Pang H, Hinjan S, Yan X, Yao S, Lu F, Wang B, Peng F, Ralph J, Kim SH, Sederoff RR, Li Q. Overexpression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase gene in poplar xylem led to an increase in the size of nanocellulose fibrils and improved paper properties. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120959. [PMID: 37173053 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, the major component of secondary cell walls, is the most abundant renewable long-chain polymer on earth. Nanocellulose has become a prominent nano-reinforcement agent for polymer matrices in various industries. We report the generation of transgenic hybrid poplar overexpressing the Arabidopsis gibberellin 20-oxidase1 gene driven by a xylem-specific promoter to increase gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in wood. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and sum frequency generation spectroscopic (SFG) analyses showed that cellulose in transgenic trees was less crystalline, but the crystal size was larger. The nanocellulose fibrils prepared from transgenic wood had an increased size compared to those from wild type. When such fibrils were used as a reinforcing agent in sheet paper preparation, the mechanical strength of the paper was significantly enhanced. Engineering the GA pathway can therefore affect nanocellulose properties, providing a new strategy for expanding nanocellulose applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Botong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jongcheol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jialong Wen
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mohamadamin Makarem
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hongying Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Subin Hinjan
- Bangkok Cordyceps Co., Ltd, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Baichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Photosynthesis Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ronald R Sederoff
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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9
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Chen B, Bian X, Tu M, Yu T, Jiang L, Lu Y, Chen X. Moderate Salinity Stress Increases the Seedling Biomass in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1650. [PMID: 37111872 PMCID: PMC10144440 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), an important oil crop of the world, suffers various abiotic stresses including salinity stress during the growth stage. While most of the previous studies paid attention to the adverse effects of high salinity stress on plant growth and development, as well as their underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms, less attention was paid to the effects of moderate or low salinity stress. In this study, we first tested the effects of different concentrations of NaCl solution on the seedling growth performance of two oilseed rape varieties (CH336, a semi-winter type, and Bruttor, a spring type) in pot cultures. We found that moderate salt concentrations (25 and 50 mmol L-1 NaCl) can stimulate seedling growth by a significant increase (10~20%, compared to controls) in both above- and underground biomasses, as estimated at the early flowering stage. We then performed RNA-seq analyses of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) from six-leaf-aged seedlings under control (CK), low (LS, 25 mmol L-1), and high (HS, 180 mmol L-1) salinity treatments in the two varieties. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) demonstrated that such a stimulating effect on seedling growth by low salinity stress may be caused by a more efficient capacity for photosynthesis as compensation, accompanied by a reduced energy loss for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and redirecting of energy to biomass formation. Our study provides a new perspective on the cultivation of oilseed rape in saline regions and new insights into the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in Brassica crops. The candidate genes identified in this study can serve as targets for molecular breeding selection and genetic engineering toward enhancing salt tolerance in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobo Bian
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
| | - Mengxin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunhai Lu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
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10
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Shi Q, Tian D, Wang J, Chen A, Miao Y, Chen Y, Li J, Wu X, Zheng B, Guo W, Shi X. Overexpression of miR390b promotes stem elongation and height growth in Populus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac258. [PMID: 36778185 PMCID: PMC9907050 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA390 (miR390) is involved in plant growth and development by down-regulating the expression of the downstream genes trans-acting short interfering RNA3 (TAS3) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs). There is a scarcity of research on the involvement of the miR390-TAS3-ARFs pathway in the stem development of Populus. Here, differentially expressed miRNAs during poplar stem development were screened by small RNA sequencing analysis, and a novel function of miR390b in stem development was revealed. Overexpression of miR390b (OE-miR390b) resulted in a large increase in the number of xylem fiber cells and a slight decrease in the cell length at the longitudinal axis. Overall increases in stem elongation and plant height were observed in the OE-miR390b plants. According to transcriptome sequencing results and transient co-expression analysis, TAS3.1 and TAS3.2 were identified as the target genes of miR390 in poplar and were negatively regulated by miR390 in the apex. The transcription levels of ARF3.2 and ARF4 were significantly repressed in OE-miR390b plants and strongly negatively correlated with the number of xylem fiber cells along the longitudinal axis. These findings indicate that the conserved miR390-TAS3-ARFs pathway in poplar is involved in stem elongation and plant height growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Poplar Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Poplar Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Poplar Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Poplar Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Poplar Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenwu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Castro-Camba R, Sánchez C, Vidal N, Vielba JM. Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2650. [PMID: 36235516 PMCID: PMC9571322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins have been classically related to a few key developmental processes, thus being essential for the accurate unfolding of plant genetic programs. After more than a century of research, over one hundred different gibberellins have been described. There is a continuously increasing interest in gibberellins research because of their relevant role in the so-called "Green Revolution", as well as their current and possible applications in crop improvement. The functions attributed to gibberellins have been traditionally restricted to the regulation of plant stature, seed germination, and flowering. Nonetheless, research in the last years has shown that these functions extend to many other relevant processes. In this review, the current knowledge on gibberellins homeostasis and mode of action is briefly outlined, while specific attention is focused on the many different responses in which gibberellins take part. Thus, those genes and proteins identified as being involved in the regulation of gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art perception of gibberellins molecular biology and its effects on plant development. This picture might be helpful to enhance our current understanding of gibberellins biology and provide the know-how for the development of more accurate research and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Mª Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Kim MH, Cho JS, Bae EK, Choi YI, Eom SH, Lim YJ, Lee H, Park EJ, Ko JH. PtrMYB120 functions as a positive regulator of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic pathway in a hybrid poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2409-2423. [PMID: 34100089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both anthocyanins and lignins are essential secondary metabolites in plant growth and development. Their biosynthesis is metabolically interconnected and diverges in the central metabolite 4-coumaroyl CoA of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Considerable progress has been made in understanding transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lignin and anthocyanin synthesis pathways, but the concerted regulation of these pathways is not yet fully understood. Here, we functionally characterized PtrMYB120, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor from Populus trichocarpa. Overexpression of PtrMYB120 in a hybrid poplar (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB120) was associated with increased anthocyanin (i.e., cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) accumulation and upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. However, transgenic poplars with dominant suppression of PtrMYB120 function achieved by fusing the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif to PtrMYB120 (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX) had a dramatic decrease in not only anthocyanin but also Klason lignin content with downregulation of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic genes. Indeed, 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX poplars had irregularly shaped xylem vessels with reduced S-lignin content in stems, which was proportionally related to the level of the introduced PtrMYB120-SRDX gene. Furthermore, protoplast-based transcriptional activation assay using the PtrMYB120-GR system suggested that PtrMYB120 directly regulates genes involved in both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis, including chalcone synthase and ferulate-5 hydroxylase. Interestingly, the saccharification efficiency of line #6 of 35S::PtrMYB120-SRDX poplars, which had slightly reduced lignin content with a normal growth phenotype, was dramatically enhanced (>45%) by NaOH treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that PtrMYB120 functions as a positive regulator of both anthocyanin and lignin biosynthetic pathways and can be targeted to enhance saccharification efficiency in woody perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Abio materials Co., Ltd., 7-44 Jamsil-gil, Cheonan 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Lim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bae EK, Choi H, Choi JW, Lee H, Kim SG, Ko JH, Choi YI. Efficient knockout of the phytoene desaturase gene in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with a single gRNA. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:837-849. [PMID: 34259977 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used for genome editing in several plant species; however, there are few reports on its use in trees. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to mutate a target gene in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa hybrid poplars. The hybrid poplar is routinely used in molecular biological studies due to the well-established Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. A single guide RNA (sgRNA) with reported high mutation efficiency in other popular species was designed with a protospacer adjacent motif sequence for the phytoene desaturase 1 (PagPDS1) gene. The pHSE/Cas9-PagPDS1 sgRNA vector was delivered into hybrid poplar cells using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were propagated and classified them into three groups according to their phenotypes. Among a total of 110 lines of transgenic hybrid poplars, 82 lines showed either an albino or a pale green phenotype, indicating around 74.5% phenotypic mutation efficiency of the PagPDS1 gene. The albino phenotypes were observed when the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations in both PagPDS1 alleles in the transgenic plants. There was no off-target modification of the PagPDS2 gene, which has a potential sgRNA target sequence with two mismatches. The results confirmed that the sgRNA can specifically edit PagPDS1 rather than PagPDS2, indicating that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing can effectively induce target mutations in the hybrid poplar. This technique will be useful to improve tree quality in hybrid poplars (P. alba × P. glandulosa); for example, by enhancing biomass or stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Bae
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, 16631, Korea
| | - Hyunmo Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, 672 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52817, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, 16631, Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, 16631, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deongyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, 16631, Korea.
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14
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Yin Y, Wang C, Xiao D, Liang Y, Wang Y. Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786328. [PMID: 34917116 PMCID: PMC8669725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex cultivation environment, and complicated procedures. By introducing exogenous DNA, genes tightly related or contributed to ideal traits-including insect, disease, and herbicide resistance-were transferred into diverse forest trees, and genetically modified (GM) trees including poplars were cultivated. It is beneficial to develop new varieties of GM trees of high quality and promote the genetic improvement of forests. However, the low transformation efficiency has hampered the cultivation of GM trees and the identification of the molecular genetic mechanism in forest trees compared to annual herbaceous plants such as Oryza sativa. In this study, we reviewed advances in transgenic technology of forest trees, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages of diverse genetic transformation methods, and their application for trait improvement. The review provides insight into the establishment and improvement of genetic transformation systems for forest tree species. Challenges and perspectives pertaining to the genetic transformation of forest trees are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Ahlawat YK, Nookaraju A, Harman-Ware AE, Doeppke C, Biswal AK, Joshi CP. Genetic Modification of KNAT7 Transcription Factor Expression Enhances Saccharification and Reduces Recalcitrance of Woody Biomass in Poplars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762067. [PMID: 34795688 PMCID: PMC8594486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise role of KNAT7 transcription factors (TFs) in regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in poplars has remained unknown, while our understanding of KNAT7 functions in other plants is continuously evolving. To study the impact of genetic modifications of homologous and heterologous KNAT7 gene expression on SCW formation in transgenic poplars, we prepared poplar KNAT7 (PtKNAT7) overexpression (PtKNAT7-OE) and antisense suppression (PtKNAT7-AS) vector constructs for the generation of transgenic poplar lines via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Since the overexpression of homologous genes can sometimes result in co-suppression, we also overexpressed Arabidopsis KNAT7 (AtKNAT7-OE) in transgenic poplars. In all these constructs, the expression of KNAT7 transgenes was driven by developing xylem (DX)-specific promoter, DX15. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, many SCW biosynthesis genes downstream of KNAT7 were highly expressed in poplar PtKNAT7-OE and AtKNAT7-OE lines. Yet, no significant increase in lignin content of woody biomass of these transgenic lines was observed. PtKNAT7-AS lines, however, showed reduced expression of many SCW biosynthesis genes downstream of KNAT7 accompanied by a reduction in lignin content of wood compared to WT controls. Syringyl to Guaiacyl lignin (S/G) ratios were significantly increased in all three KNAT7 knockdown and overexpression transgenic lines than WT controls. These transgenic lines were essentially indistinguishable from WT controls in terms of their growth phenotype. Saccharification efficiency of woody biomass was significantly increased in all transgenic lines than WT controls. Overall, our results demonstrated that developing xylem-specific alteration of KNAT7 expression affects the expression of SCW biosynthesis genes, impacting at least the lignification process and improving saccharification efficiency, hence providing one of the powerful tools for improving bioethanol production from woody biomass of bioenergy crops and trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Anne E. Harman-Ware
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Crissa Doeppke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar P. Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
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CRISPR-Knockout of CSE Gene Improves Saccharification Efficiency by Reducing Lignin Content in Hybrid Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189750. [PMID: 34575913 PMCID: PMC8466951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) has been shown to play an important role in lignin biosynthesis in plants and is, therefore, a promising target for generating improved lignocellulosic biomass crops for sustainable biofuel production. Populus spp. has two CSE genes (CSE1 and CSE2) and, thus, the hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) investigated in this study has four CSE genes. Here, we present transgenic hybrid poplars with knockouts of each CSE gene achieved by CRISPR/Cas9. To knockout the CSE genes of the hybrid poplar, we designed three single guide RNAs (sg1-sg3), and produced three different transgenic poplars with either CSE1 (CSE1-sg2), CSE2 (CSE2-sg3), or both genes (CSE1/2-sg1) mutated. CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars showed up to 29.1% reduction in lignin deposition with irregularly shaped xylem vessels. However, CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars were morphologically indistinguishable from WT and showed no significant differences in growth in a long-term living modified organism (LMO) field-test covering four seasons. Gene expression analysis revealed that many lignin biosynthetic genes were downregulated in CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars. Indeed, the CSE1-sg2 and CSE2-sg3 poplars had up to 25% higher saccharification efficiency than the WT control. Our results demonstrate that precise editing of CSE by CRISPR/Cas9 technology can improve lignocellulosic biomass without a growth penalty.
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Cho JS, Kim MH, Bae EK, Choi YI, Jeon HW, Han KH, Ko JH. Field evaluation of transgenic hybrid poplars with desirable wood properties and enhanced growth for biofuel production by bicistronic expression of PdGA20ox1 and PtrMYB3 in wood-forming tissue. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:177. [PMID: 34493336 PMCID: PMC8425128 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To create an ideotype woody bioenergy crop with desirable growth and biomass properties, we utilized the viral 2A-meidated bicistronic expression strategy to express both PtrMYB3 (MYB46 ortholog of Populus trichocarpa, a master regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis) and PdGA20ox1 (a GA20-oxidase from Pinus densiflora that produces gibberellins) in wood-forming tissue (i.e., developing xylem). RESULTS Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the gene construct DX15::PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB3 showed a significant increase in both stem fresh weight (threefold) and secondary wall thickening (1.27-fold) relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Transgenic poplars harboring the same gene construct grown in a greenhouse for 60 days had a stem fresh weight up to 2.6-fold greater than that of WT plants. In a living modified organism (LMO) field test conducted for 3 months of active growing season, the stem height and diameter growth of the transgenic poplars were 1.7- and 1.6-fold higher than those of WT plants, respectively, with minimal adverse growth defects. Although no significant changes in secondary wall thickening of the stem tissue of the transgenic poplars were observed, cellulose content was increased up to 14.4 wt% compared to WT, resulting in improved saccharification efficiency of the transgenic poplars. Moreover, enhanced woody biomass production by the transgenic poplars was further validated by re-planting in the same LMO field for additional two growing seasons. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results show considerably enhanced wood formation of our transgenic poplars, with improved wood quality for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Abio Materials Co., Ltd, Cheonan, 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 441-847, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 441-847, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Woo Jeon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, USA.
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 446-701, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Anwar M, Chen L, Xiao Y, Wu J, Zeng L, Li H, Wu Q, Hu Z. Recent Advanced Metabolic and Genetic Engineering of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9544. [PMID: 34502463 PMCID: PMC8431357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factors (TFs) are evolving as critical role in the regulation of the phenylpropanoid and tanshinones biosynthetic pathway. MYB TFs relate to a very important gene family, which are involved in the regulation of primary and secondary metabolisms, terpenoids, bioactive compounds, plant defense against various stresses and cell morphology. R2R3 MYB TFs contained a conserved N-terminal domain, but the domain at C-terminal sorts them different regarding their structures and functions. MYB TFs suppressors generally possess particular repressive motifs, such as pdLNLD/ELxiG/S and TLLLFR, which contribute to their suppression role through a diversity of complex regulatory mechanisms. A novel flower specific "NF/YWSV/MEDF/LW" conserved motif has a great potential to understand the mechanisms of flower development. In the current review, we summarize recent advanced progress of MYB TFs on transcription regulation, posttranscriptional, microRNA, conserved motif and propose directions to future prospective research. We further suggest there should be more focus on the investigation for the role of MYB TFs in microalgae, which has great potential for heterologous protein expression system for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yibo Xiao
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (L.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (Q.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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Hori C, Takata N, Lam PY, Tobimatsu Y, Nagano S, Mortimer JC, Cullen D. Identifying transcription factors that reduce wood recalcitrance and improve enzymatic degradation of xylem cell wall in Populus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22043. [PMID: 33328495 PMCID: PMC7744511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an efficient deconstruction step of woody biomass for biorefinery has been drawing considerable attention since its xylem cell walls display highly recalcitrance nature. Here, we explored transcriptional factors (TFs) that reduce wood recalcitrance and improve saccharification efficiency in Populus species. First, 33 TF genes up-regulated during poplar wood formation were selected as potential regulators of xylem cell wall structure. The transgenic hybrid aspens (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) overexpressing each selected TF gene were screened for in vitro enzymatic saccharification. Of these, four transgenic seedlings overexpressing previously uncharacterized TF genes increased total glucan hydrolysis on average compared to control. The best performing lines overexpressing Pt × tERF123 and Pt × tZHD14 were further grown to form mature xylem in the greenhouse. Notably, the xylem cell walls exhibited significantly increased total xylan hydrolysis as well as initial hydrolysis rates of glucan. The increased saccharification of Pt × tERF123-overexpressing lines could reflect the improved balance of cell wall components, i.e., high cellulose and low xylan and lignin content, which could be caused by upregulation of cellulose synthase genes upon the expression of Pt × tERF123. Overall, we successfully identified Pt × tERF123 and Pt × tZHD14 as effective targets for reducing cell wall recalcitrance and improving the enzymatic degradation of woody plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hori
- Research Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Naoki Takata
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Pui Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nagano
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dan Cullen
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
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Kim MH, Cho JS, Park EJ, Lee H, Choi YI, Bae EK, Han KH, Ko JH. Overexpression of a Poplar RING-H2 Zinc Finger, Ptxerico, Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance via Reduced Water Loss and Ion Leakage in Populus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9454. [PMID: 33322558 PMCID: PMC7764267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major environmental problems in the growth of crops and woody perennials, but it is getting worse due to the global climate crisis. XERICO, a RING (Really Interesting New Gene) zinc-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been shown to be a positive regulator of drought tolerance in plants through the control of abscisic acid (ABA) homeostasis. We characterized a poplar (Populus trichocarpa) RING protein family and identified the closest homolog of XERICO called PtXERICO. Expression of PtXERICO is induced by both salt and drought stress, and by ABA treatment in poplars. Overexpression of PtXERICO in Arabidopsis confers salt and ABA hypersensitivity in young seedlings, and enhances drought tolerance by decreasing transpirational water loss. Consistently, transgenic hybrid poplars overexpressing PtXERICO demonstrate enhanced drought tolerance with reduced transpirational water loss and ion leakage. Subsequent upregulation of genes involved in the ABA homeostasis and drought response was confirmed in both transgenic Arabidopsis and poplars. Taken together, our results suggest that PtXERICO will serve as a focal point to improve drought tolerance of woody perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (M.-H.K.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (M.-H.K.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (E.-J.P.); (H.L.); (Y.-I.C.); (E.-K.B.)
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (E.-J.P.); (H.L.); (Y.-I.C.); (E.-K.B.)
| | - Young-Im Choi
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (E.-J.P.); (H.L.); (Y.-I.C.); (E.-K.B.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (E.-J.P.); (H.L.); (Y.-I.C.); (E.-K.B.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (M.-H.K.); (J.-S.C.)
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21
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Bae SY, Kim MH, Cho JS, Park EJ, Lee H, Kim JH, Ko JH. Overexpression of Populus transcription factor PtrTALE12 increases axillary shoot development by regulating WUSCHEL expression. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1232-1246. [PMID: 32420604 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The TALE (Three Amino acid Loop Extension) transcription factor family has been shown to control meristem formation and organogenesis in plants. To understand the functional roles of the TALE family in woody perennials, each of the TALE members of Populus trichocarpa was overexpressed in Arabidopsis as a proxy. Among them, the overexpression of PtrTALE12 (i.e., 35S::PtrTALE12) resulted in a dramatic increase of axillary shoot development with early flowering. Interestingly, expression of WUSCHEL (WUS), a central regulator of both apical and axillary meristem formation, was significantly increased in the 35S::PtrTALE12 Arabidopsis plants. Conversely, WUS expression was downregulated in 35S::PtrTALE12-SRDX (short transcriptional repressor domain) plants. Further analysis found that PtrTALE12, expressed preferentially in meristem tissues, directly regulates WUS expression in transient activation assays using Arabidopsis leaf protoplast. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that PtrTALE12 interacts with SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM); however, the interaction does not affect the WUS expression. In addition, expression of both CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) genes was suppressed accordingly for early flowering 35S::PtrTALE12 Arabidopsis. Indeed, transgenic poplars overexpressing PtrTALE12 as well as Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtBLH11, a close homolog of PtrTALE12, phenocopied the 35S::PtrTALE12 Arabidopsis (i.e., increased axillary shoot development). Taken together, our results suggest that PtrTALE12 functions as a positive regulator of axillary shoot formation in both Arabidopsis and poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Bae
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Cho
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Division of Forest Biotechnology, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Kalluri UC, Yang X, Wullschleger SD. Plant Biosystems Design for a Carbon-Neutral Bioeconomy. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2020; 2020:7914051. [PMID: 37849896 PMCID: PMC10521676 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7914051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our society faces multiple daunting challenges including finding sustainable solutions towards climate change mitigation; efficient production of food, biofuels, and biomaterials; maximizing land-use efficiency; and enabling a sustainable bioeconomy. Plants can provide environmentally and economically sustainable solutions to these challenges due to their inherent capabilities for photosynthetic capture of atmospheric CO2, allocation of carbon to various organs and partitioning into various chemical forms, including contributions to total soil carbon. In order to enhance crop productivity and optimize chemistry simultaneously in the above- and belowground plant tissues, transformative biosystems design strategies are needed. Concerted research efforts will be required for accelerating the development of plant cultivars, genotypes, or varieties that are cooptimized in the contexts of biomass-derived fuels and/or materials aboveground and enhanced carbon sequestration belowground. Here, we briefly discuss significant knowledge gaps in our process understanding and the potential of synthetic biology in enabling advancements along the fundamental to applied research arc. Ultimately, a convergence of perspectives from academic, industrial, government, and consumer sectors will be needed to realize the potential merits of plant biosystems design for a carbon neutral bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Stan D. Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
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Liu N, Cheng F. Association mapping for yield traits in Paeonia rockii based on SSR markers within transcription factors of comparative transcriptome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:245. [PMID: 32487017 PMCID: PMC7265254 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allelic variation underlying the quantitative traits in plants is caused by the extremely complex regulation process. Tree peony originated in China is a peculiar ornamental, medicinal and oil woody plant. Paeonia rockii, one of tree peony species, is a precious emerging woody oil crop. However, in this valuable plant, the study of functional loci associated with yield traits has rarely been identified. Therefore, to explore the genetic architecture of 24 yield quantitative traits, the association mapping was first reported in 420 unrelated cultivated P. rockii individuals based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMLRS). RESULTS The developed 58 pairs of polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers from 959 candidate transcription factors (TFs) associated with yield were used for genotyping the 420 P. rockii accessions. We observed a high level of genetic diversity (polymorphic information content, PIC = 0.514) and low linkage disequilibrium (LD) between EST-SSRs. Moreover, four subpopulations in the association population were revealed by STRUCTURE analyses. Further, single-marker association analysis identified 141 significant associations, involving 17 quantitative traits and 41 EST-SSRs. These loci were mainly from AP2, TCP, MYB, HSF, bHLH, GATA, and B3 gene families and showed a small proportion of the phenotypic variance (3.79 to 37.45%). CONCLUSIONS Our results summarize a valuable collection of functional loci associated with yield traits in P. rockii, and provide a precious resource that reveals allelic variation underlying quantitative traits in Paeonia and other woody oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Peony International Institute, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangyun Cheng
- Peony International Institute, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Meneses M, García-Rojas M, Muñoz-Espinoza C, Carrasco-Valenzuela T, Defilippi B, González-Agüero M, Meneses C, Infante R, Hinrichsen P. Transcriptomic study of pedicels from GA 3-treated table grape genotypes with different susceptibility to berry drop reveals responses elicited in cell wall yield, primary growth and phenylpropanoids synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:66. [PMID: 32041534 PMCID: PMC7011282 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins (GA3) are the most sprayed growth regulator for table grape production worldwide, increasing berry size of seedless varieties through pericarp cell expansion. However, these treatments also exacerbate berry drop, which has a detrimental effect on the postharvest quality of commercialized clusters. Several studies have suggested that pedicel stiffening caused by GA3 would have a role in this disorder. Nevertheless, transcriptional and phenotypic information regarding pedicel responses to GA3 is minimal. RESULTS Characterization of responses to GA3 treatments using the lines L23 and Thompson Seedless showed that the former was up to six times more susceptible to berry drop than the latter. GA3 also increased the diameter and dry matter percentage of the pedicel on both genotypes. Induction of lignin biosynthesis-related genes by GA3 has been reported, so the quantity of this polymer was measured. The acetyl bromide method detected a decreased concentration of lignin 7 days after GA3 treatment, due to a higher cell wall yield of the isolated fractions of GA3-treated pedicel samples which caused a dilution effect. Thus, an initial enrichment of primary cell wall components in response to GA3 was suggested, particularly in the L23 background. A transcriptomic profiling was performed to identify which genes were associated with these phenotypic changes. This analysis identified 1281 and 1787 genes differentially upregulated by GA3 in L23 and cv. Thompson Seedless, respectively. Concomitantly, 1202 and 1317 downregulated genes were detected in L23 and cv. Thompson Seedless (FDR < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis of upregulated genes showed enrichment in pathways including phenylpropanoids, cell wall metabolism, xylem development, photosynthesis and the cell cycle at 7 days post GA3 application. Twelve genes were characterized by qPCR and striking differences were observed between genotypes, mainly in genes related to cell wall synthesis. CONCLUSIONS High levels of berry drop are related to an early strong response of primary cell wall synthesis in the pedicel promoted by GA3 treatment. Genetic backgrounds can produce similar phenotypic responses to GA3, although there is considerable variation in the regulation of genes in terms of which are expressed, and the extent of transcript levels achieved within the same time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Meneses
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel García-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Carrasco-Valenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Defilippi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Infante
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Hinrichsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile.
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Teshome DT, Zharare GE, Naidoo S. The Threat of the Combined Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors in Forestry Under a Changing Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:601009. [PMID: 33329666 PMCID: PMC7733969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results in major economic losses in agriculture and forestry every year. Climate change aggravates the adverse effects of combined stresses and increases such losses. Trees suffer even more from the recurrence of biotic and abiotic stress combinations owing to their long lifecycle. Despite the effort to study the damage from individual stress factors, less attention has been given to the effect of the complex interactions between multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we assess the importance, impact, and mitigation strategies of climate change driven interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses in forestry. The ecological and economic importance of biotic and abiotic stresses under different combinations is highlighted by their contribution to the decline of the global forest area through their direct and indirect roles in forest loss and to the decline of biodiversity resulting from local extinction of endangered species of trees, emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds, and reduction in the productivity and quality of forest products and services. The abiotic stress factors such as high temperature and drought increase forest disease and insect pest outbreaks, decrease the growth of trees, and cause tree mortality. Reports of massive tree mortality events caused by "hotter droughts" are increasing all over the world, affecting several genera of trees including some of the most important genera in plantation forests, such as Pine, Poplar, and Eucalyptus. While the biotic stress factors such as insect pests, pathogens, and parasitic plants have been reported to be associated with many of these mortality events, a considerable number of the reports have not taken into account the contribution of such biotic factors. The available mitigation strategies also tend to undermine the interactive effect under combined stresses. Thus, this discussion centers on mitigation strategies based on research and innovation, which build on models previously used to curb individual stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demissew Tesfaye Teshome
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Sanushka Naidoo,
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Behr M, Guerriero G, Grima-Pettenati J, Baucher M. A Molecular Blueprint of Lignin Repression. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:1052-1064. [PMID: 31371222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although lignin is essential to ensure the correct growth and development of land plants, it may be an obstacle to the production of lignocellulosics-based biofuels, and reduces the nutritional quality of crops used for human consumption or livestock feed. The need to tailor the lignocellulosic biomass for more efficient biofuel production or for improved plant digestibility has fostered considerable advances in our understanding of the lignin biosynthetic pathway and its regulation. Most of the described regulators are transcriptional activators of lignin biosynthesis, but considerably less attention has been devoted to the repressors of this pathway. We provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular factors that negatively impact on the lignification process at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Behr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III (UPS), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
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Liu N, Cheng F, Zhong Y, Guo X. Comparative transcriptome and coexpression network analysis of carpel quantitative variation in Paeonia rockii. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:683. [PMID: 31464595 PMCID: PMC6716868 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative variation of floral organs in plants is caused by an extremely complex process of transcriptional regulation. Despite progress in model plants, the molecular mechanisms of quantitative variation remain unknown in woody flower plants. The Paeonia rockii originated in China is a precious woody plant with ornamental, medicinal and oil properties. There is a wide variation in the number of carpel in P. rockii, but the molecular mechanism of the variation has rarely been studied. Then a comparative transcriptome was performed among two cultivars of P. rockii with different development patterns of carpel in this study. RESULTS Through the next-generation and single-molecule long-read sequencing (NGS and SMLRS), 66,563 unigenes and 28,155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in P. rockii. Then clustering pattern and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that 15 candidate genes were likely involved in the carpel quantitative variation, including floral organ development, transcriptional regulatory and enzyme-like factors. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) from the MYB, WD, RING1 and LRR gene families suggested the important roles in the management of the upstream genes. Among them, PsMYB114-like, PsMYB12 and PsMYB61-like from the MYB gene family were probably the main characters that regulated the carpel quantitative variation. Further, a hypothetical model for the regulation pattern of carpel quantitative variation was proposed in which the candidate genes function synergistically the quantitative variation process. CONCLUSIONS We present the high-quality sequencing products in P. rockii. Our results summarize a valuable collective of gene expression profiles characterizing the carpel quantitative variation. The DEGs are candidate for functional analyses of genes regulating the carpel quantitative variation in tree peonies, which provide a precious resource that reveals the molecular mechanism of carpel quantitative variation in other woody flower crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Peony International Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangyun Cheng
- Peony International Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Peony International Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Peony International Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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