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Xie J, Liu J, Khashaveh A, Tang H, Liu X, Zhao D, Wang Q, Shi W, Liu T, Zhang Y. Two Structural Analogs of Kairomones are Detected by an Odorant Receptor HvarOR28 in the Coccinellid Hippodamia variegata. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39300682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
In natural environments, general plant volatiles and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) serve as critical clues for predatory natural enemies in the search for prey. The insect olfactory system plays a vital role in perceiving plant volatiles including HIPVs. In this study, we found that HIPV (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and the plant volatile geranyl acetate (GA), two structurally similar chemicals, displayed electrophysiological activities on the antennae of the ladybird Hippodamia variegata, but were only attractive to adult females in behavior. Moreover, mated female ladybirds laid a significantly higher number of eggs on TMTT-treated and GA-treated cotton leaves compared to controls. Screening of female-biased odorant receptors (ORs) from the antennal transcriptomes, performing Xenopus oocytes expression coupled with two-electrode voltage clamp recordings, suggested that HvarOR28 specifically tuned to TMTT and GA. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the amino acid residues Tyr143 and Phe81 of HvarOR28 are the key site for binding with TMTT and GA. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) assay demonstrated that HvarOR28-silenced individuals demonstrated a notable decrease in electrophysiological responses, even female adults almost lost behavioral preference for the two compounds. Thus, it could be concluded that HvarOR28 in H. variegata contributes to facilitating egg laying through the perception of TMTT and GA. These findings may help to develop new olfactory modulators based on the behaviorally active ligands of HvarOR28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxin Xie
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tinghui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Borg AN, Vuts J, Caulfield JC, Withall DM, Foulkes MJ, Birkett MA. Characterisation of aphid antixenosis in aphid-resistant ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39152728 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing presence of insecticide resistance across cereal aphid populations, new aphid management strategies, including the engineering of host resistance to aphids into commercial wheat varieties, are required. Previous studies have identified ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum accessions MDR045 and MDR049, with resistance against the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. To test the hypothesis that resistance can be accounted for by antixenosis (reduced attractiveness of host plants) via the release of repellent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we explored the response of S. avenae to MDR045 and MDR049 following S. avenae herbivory, using behaviour and electrophysiology experiments. RESULTS In four-arm olfactometry assays, alate S. avenae showed aphid density-dependent reduced preference to VOC extracts from T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. By contrast, alate S. avenae showed aphid density-dependent increased preference to extracts from aphid-susceptible hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG), using the antennae of alate S. avenae, located 24 electrophysiologically active compounds across all tested accessions. Synthetic blends created from 21 identified EAG-active compounds confirmed bioactivity of corresponding VOC extracts in four-arm olfactometry assays against alate S. avenae. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that resistance of T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049 to S. avenae can be at least partially accounted for by antixenosis through antennal perception of specific repellent VOC blends induced by S. avenae feeding behaviour. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Borg
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - David M Withall
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - M John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
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Srividya N, Kim H, Simone R, Lange BM. Chemical diversity in angiosperms - monoterpene synthases control complex reactions that provide the precursors for ecologically and commercially important monoterpenoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:28-55. [PMID: 38565299 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene synthases (MTSs) catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids, a class of specialized metabolites with particularly high chemical diversity in angiosperms. In addition to accomplishing a rate enhancement, these enzymes manage the formation and turnover of highly reactive carbocation intermediates formed from a prenyl diphosphate substrate. At each step along the reaction path, a cationic intermediate can be subject to cyclization, migration of a proton, hydride, or alkyl group, or quenching to terminate the sequence. However, enzymatic control of ligand folding, stabilization of specific intermediates, and defined quenching chemistry can maintain the specificity for forming a signature product. This review article will discuss our current understanding of how angiosperm MTSs control the reaction environment. Such knowledge allows inferences about the origin and regulation of chemical diversity, which is pertinent for appreciating the role of monoterpenoids in plant ecology but also for aiding commercial efforts that harness the accumulation of these specialized metabolites for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Hoshin Kim
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Raugei Simone
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bernd Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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Teng D, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Lv B, Sun P, Geng T, Cui H, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Engineering DMNT emission in cotton enhances direct and indirect defense against mirid bugs. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00212-1. [PMID: 38806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an important herbivore-induced plant volatile, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) is known for its defensive role against multiple insect pests, including attracting natural enemies. A terpene synthase (GhTPS14) and two cytochrome P450 (GhCYP82L1, GhCYP82L2) enzymes are involved in the de novo synthesis of DMNT in cotton. We conducted a study to test the potential of manipulating DMNT-synthesizing enzymes to enhance plant resistance to insects. OBJECTIVES To manipulate DMNT emissions in cotton and generate cotton lines with increased resistance to mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. METHODS Biosynthesis and emission of DMNT by cotton plants were altered using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression approaches. Dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS analysis were used to collect, identify and quantify volatiles. The attractiveness and suitability of cotton lines against mirid bug and its parasitoid Peristenus spretus were evaluated through various assays. RESULTS No DMNT emission was detected in knockout CAS-L1L2 line, where both GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2 were knocked out. In contrast, gene-overexpressed lines released higher amounts of DMNT when infested by A. lucorum. At the flowering stage, L114 (co-overexpressing GhCYP82L1 and GhTPS14) emitted 10-15-fold higher amounts than controls. DMNT emission in overexpressed transgenic lines could be triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Apolygus lucorum and its parasitoid were far less attracted to the double edited CAS-L1L2 plants, however, co-overexpressed line L114 significantly attracted bugs and female wasps. A high dose of DMNT, comparable to the emission of L114, significantly inhibited the growth of A. lucorum, and further resulted in higher mortalities. CONCLUSION Turning down DMNT emission attenuated the behavioral preferences of A. lucorum to cotton. Genetically modified cotton plants with elevated DMNT emission not only recruited parasitoids to enhance indirect defense, but also formed an ecological trap to kill the bugs. Therefore, manipulation of DMNT biosynthesis and emission in plants presents a promising strategy for controlling mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Geng
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sun X, Hu C, Yi G, Zhang X. Identification and characterization of two P450 enzymes from Citrus sinensis involved in TMTT and DMNT biosyntheses and Asian citrus psyllid defense. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae037. [PMID: 38617747 PMCID: PMC11009467 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The homoterpenes (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) are the major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that help in defense directly by acting as repellants and indirectly by recruiting insects' natural enemies. In this study, DMNT and TMTT were confirmed to be emitted from citrus (Citrus sinensis) leaves infested with Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama; ACP), and two cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2) were newly identified and characterized. Understanding the functions of these genes in citrus defense will help plan strategies to manage huanglongbing caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and spread by ACP. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2 were significantly upregulated in citrus leaves after ACP infestation. Yeast recombinant expression and enzyme assays indicated that CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2 convert (E)-nerolidol to DMNT and (E,E)-geranyllinalool to TMTT. However, citrus calluses stably overexpressing CsCYP82L1 generated only DMNT, whereas those overexpressing CsCYP82L2 produced DMNT and TMTT. Furthermore, ACPs preferred wild-type lemon (Citrus limon) over the CsCYP82L1-overexpressing line in dual-choice feeding assays and mineral oil over TMTT or DMNT in behavioral bioassays. Finally, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that CsERF017, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, directly bound to the CCGAC motif and activated CsCYP82L1. Moreover, the transient overexpression of CsERF017 in lemon leaves upregulated CsCYP82L1 in the absence and presence of ACP infestation. These results provide novel insights into homoterpene biosynthesis in C. sinensis and demonstrate the effect of homoterpenes on ACP behavior, laying a foundation to genetically manipulate homoterpene biosynthesis for application in huanglongbing and ACP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Kansman JT, Jaramillo JL, Ali JG, Hermann SL. Chemical ecology in conservation biocontrol: new perspectives for plant protection. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1166-1177. [PMID: 37271617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Threats to food security require novel sustainable agriculture practices to manage insect pests. One strategy is conservation biological control (CBC), which relies on pest control services provided by local populations of arthropod natural enemies. Research has explored manipulative use of chemical information from plants and insects that act as attractant cues for natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and repellents of pests. In this review, we reflect on past strategies using chemical ecology in CBC, such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles and the push-pull technique, and propose future directions, including leveraging induced plant defenses in crop plants, repellent insect-based signaling, and genetically engineered crops. Further, we discuss how climate change may disrupt CBC and stress the importance of context dependency and yield outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Kansman
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Jorge L Jaramillo
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jared G Ali
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sara L Hermann
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Bin M, Peng X, Yi G, Zhang X. CsTPS21 encodes a jasmonate-responsive monoterpene synthase producing β-ocimene in citrus against Asian citrus psyllid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107887. [PMID: 37442051 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), spread by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is a widespread, devastating disease that causes significant losses in citrus production. Therefore, controlling the ACP infestation and HLB infection is very important for citrus production. The aim of our study was to identify any citrus volatile which could be used as a repellent or less attractant towards ACP, and to envisage the potential of this strategy to control HLB spread. The present study identified a terpene synthase (TPS)-encoding gene CsTPS21 in citrus plants, and this gene was predicted to encode a monoterpene synthase and had an amino acid sequence similar to β-ocimene synthase. CsTPS21 was significantly upregulated by ACP infestation and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment but downregulated by salicylic acid (SA). Further heterologous gene expression studies in yeast cells and tobacco plants indicated that the protein catalyzed the formation of β-ocimene, which acted as an ACP repellent. Detailed analysis of tobacco overexpressing CsTPS21 showed that CsTPS21 synthesizing β-ocimene regulated jasmonic acid (JA)-associated pathways by increasing the JA accumulation and inducing the JA biosynthetic gene expression to defend against insect infestation. These findings provide a basis to plan strategies to manage HLB in the field using β-ocimene and CsTPS21 as candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Bin
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Li C, Zha W, Li W, Wang J, You A. Advances in the Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Their Ecological Functions in Plant Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11561. [PMID: 37511319 PMCID: PMC10380271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolism plays an important role in the adaptation of plants to their environments, particularly by mediating bio-interactions and protecting plants from herbivores, insects, and pathogens. Terpenoids form the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, and their biosynthesis and regulation are extremely complicated. Terpenoids are key players in the interactions and defense reactions between plants, microorganisms, and animals. Terpene compounds are of great significance both to plants themselves and the ecological environment. On the one hand, while protecting plants themselves, they can also have an impact on the environment, thereby affecting the evolution of plant communities and even ecosystems. On the other hand, their economic value is gradually becoming clear in various aspects of human life; their potential is enormous, and they have broad application prospects. Therefore, research on terpenoids is crucial for plants, especially crops. This review paper is mainly focused on the following six aspects: plant terpenes (especially terpene volatiles and plant defense); their ecological functions; their biosynthesis and transport; related synthesis genes and their regulation; terpene homologues; and research and application prospects. We will provide readers with a systematic introduction to terpenoids covering the above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wenjun Zha
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Mehari TG, Fang H, Feng W, Zhang Y, Umer MJ, Han J, Ditta A, Khan MKR, Liu F, Wang K, Wang B. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of terpene synthases in Gossypium species in response to gossypol biosynthesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37270747 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed is an invaluable resource, providing protein, oil, and abundant minerals that significantly contribute to the well-being and nutritional needs of both humans and livestock. However, cottonseed also contains a toxic substance called gossypol, a secondary metabolite in Gossypium species that plays an important role in cotton plant development and self-protection. Herein, genome-wide analysis and characterization of the terpene synthase (TPS) gene family identified 304 TPS genes in Gossypium. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the gene family was grouped into six subgroups TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g. Whole-genome, segmental, and tandem duplication contributed to the evolution of TPS genes. According to the analysis of selection pressure, it was predicted that TPS genes experience predominantly negative selection, with positive selection occurring subsequently. RT-qPCR analysis in TM-1 and CRI-12 lines revealed GhTPS48 gene as the candidate gene for silencing experiments. To summarize, comprehensive genome-wide studies, RT-qPCR, and gene silencing experiments have collectively demonstrated the involvement of the TPS gene family in the biosynthesis of gossypol in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Wenxiang Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jinlei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K R Khan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Baohua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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10
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Wu C, Zhang F, Dewer Y, Zhang J, Li F. Exploration of Candidate Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis, Regulation and Recognition of the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of Halyomorpha halys. INSECTS 2023; 14:163. [PMID: 36835732 PMCID: PMC9960045 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is produced by adult males, and plays an important role in the behavioral regulation of H. halys. However, information on the molecular mechanisms underlying this pheromone's biosynthesis is limited. In this study, HhTPS1, a key candidate synthase gene in the aggregation pheromone biosynthesis pathway of H. halys, was identified. Then, through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, the candidate P450 enzyme genes in the biosynthetic downstream of this pheromone and the related candidate transcription factor in this pathway were also identified. In addition, two olfactory-related genes, HhCSP5 and HhOr85b, involved in the recognition of the aggregation pheromone of H. halys, were detected. We further identified the key amino acid sites of HhTPS1 and HhCSP5 that interact with substrates by using molecular docking analysis. This study provides basic information for further investigations into the biosynthesis pathways and recognition mechanisms of aggregation pheromones in H. halys. It also provides key candidate genes for bioengineering bioactive aggregation pheromones necessary for the development of technologies for the monitoring and control of H. halys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Phytotoxicity Research Department, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Jinping Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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In Silico Genome-Wide Mining and Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Hevea Brasiliensis. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:1185-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang G. Odorant Receptor PxylOR11 Mediates Repellency of Plutella xylostella to Aromatic Volatiles. Front Physiol 2022; 13:938555. [PMID: 35910574 PMCID: PMC9326099 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.938555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects can use plant volatiles to guide certain behaviors, such as courtship, mating, host positioning, and habitat selection. Plutella xylostella is a global agricultural pest and has always been closely studied, but relatively few studies assess the molecular mechanism of P. xylostella exposed to plant volatiles. In this study, we analyzed the role of the odorant receptor PxylOR11 when P. xylostella is exposed to plant volatiles. Our analysis of tissue expression demonstrated that PxylOR11 is expressed in the antennae and that expression levels in female moths were significantly higher than in male moths. Functional analyses using the Xenopus oocyte expression system demonstrated that PxylOR11 was tuned to three aromatic compounds: benzyl alcohol, salicylaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde. Electroantennogram analyses revealed that these three aromatic compounds can induce electrophysiological responses in the antennae of P. xylostella, and that the electroantennograms response value of female moths was significantly higher than that of male moths. Dual-choice bioassays demonstrated that the three aromatic compounds have a repellent effect on female P. xylostella. These results suggest that PxylOR11 has a role in mediating the repellent effect of aromatic volatiles on P. xylostella and can be used as a potential target to design novel olfactory regulators controlling P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu, yangliu@ippcaas; Guirong Wang,
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu, yangliu@ippcaas; Guirong Wang,
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13
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Yan Y, Li M, Zhang X, Kong W, Bendahmane M, Bao M, Fu X. Tissue-Specific Expression of the Terpene Synthase Family Genes in Rosa chinensis and Effect of Abiotic Stress Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030547. [PMID: 35328100 PMCID: PMC8950262 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose (Rosa chinensis) is one of the most famous ornamental plants worldwide, with a variety of colors and fragrances. Terpene synthases (TPSs) play critical roles in the biosynthesis of terpenes. In this work, we report a comprehensive study on the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in R. chinensis. We identified 49 TPS genes in the R. chinensis genome, and they were grouped into five subfamilies (TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-g and TPS-e/f). Phylogenetics, gene structure and conserved motif analyses indicated that the RcTPS genes possessed relatively conserved gene structures and the RcTPS proteins contained relatively conserved motifs. Multiple putative cis-acting elements involved in the stress response were identified in the promoter region of RcTPS genes, suggesting that some could be regulated by stress. The expression profile of RcTPS genes showed that they were predominantly expressed in the petals of open flowers, pistils, leaves and roots. Under osmotic and heat stresses, the expression of most RcTPS genes was upregulated. These data provide a useful foundation for deciphering the functional roles of RcTPS genes during plant growth as well as addressing the link between terpene biosynthesis and abiotic stress responses in roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mouliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (X.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Weilong Kong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (X.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Mohammed Bendahmane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Development des Plantes, Ecole Normale Supérieure Lyon, 520074 Lyon, France;
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Xiaopeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-159-2625-8658; Fax: +86-027-8728-2010
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14
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Zhou 周绍群 S, Jander G. Molecular ecology of plant volatiles in interactions with insect herbivores. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:449-462. [PMID: 34581787 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play pivotal roles in interactions with insect herbivores. Individual VOCs can be directly toxic or deterrent, serve as signal molecules to attract natural enemies, and/or be perceived by distal plant tissues as a priming signal to prepare for expected herbivory. Environmental conditions, as well as the specific plant-insect interaction being investigated, strongly influence the observed functions of VOC blends. The complexity of plant-insect chemical communication via VOCs is further enriched by the sophisticated molecular perception mechanisms of insects, which can respond to one or more VOCs and thereby influence insect behavior in a manner that has yet to be fully elucidated. Despite numerous gaps in the current understanding of VOC-mediated plant-insect interactions, successful pest management strategies such as push-pull systems, synthetic odorant traps, and crop cultivars with modified VOC profiles have been developed to supplement chemical pesticide applications and enable more sustainable agricultural practices. Future studies in this field would benefit from examining the responses of both plants and insects in the same experiment to gain a more complete view of these interactive systems. Furthermore, a molecular evolutionary study of key genetic elements of the ecological interaction phenotypes could provide new insights into VOC-mediated plant communication with insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Zhou 周绍群
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Zhan Y, Zhao L, Zhao X, Liu J, Francis F, Liu Y. Terpene Synthase Gene OtLIS Confers Wheat Resistance to Sitobion avenae by Regulating Linalool Emission. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13734-13743. [PMID: 34779195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is a major insect pest of wheat worldwide that reduces crop yield and quality annually. Few germplasm resources with resistant genes to aphids have been identified and characterized. Here, octoploid Trititrigia, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding, was found to be repellent to S. avenae after 2 year field investigations and associated with physiological and behavioral assays. Linalool monoterpene was identified to accumulate dominantly in plants in response to S. avenae infestation. We cloned the resistance gene OtLIS by assembling the transcriptome of aphid-infested or healthy octoploid Trititrigia. Functional characterization analysis indicated that OtLIS encoded a terpene synthase and conferred resistance to S. avenae by linalool emission before and after aphid feeding. Our study suggests that the octoploid Trititrigia with the aphid-resistant gene OtLIS may have potential as a target resource for further breeding aphid-resistant wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frederic Francis
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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16
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Zhan H, Dewer Y, Zhang J, Tian J, Li D, Qu C, Yang Z, Li F, Luo C. Odorant-Binding Protein 1 Plays a Crucial Role in the Olfactory Response of Bemisia tabaci to R-Curcumene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12785-12793. [PMID: 34669397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum suffered a severe attack by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), causing damage to leaves by feeding as well as transmitting the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), while the wild tomato S. habrochaites is considerably less appealing to this insect species. It is reported that B. tabaci shows innate avoidance to R-curcumene, which is produced naturally by S. habrochaites. However, the mechanisms involved in the avoidance behavior of B. tabaci in response to this chiral compound are still unclear yet. In this study, the functional and binding characterization of odorant-binding protein 1 of B. tabaci (BtOBP1) were examined in vivo and in vitro against R-curcumene. The obtained results showed that BtOBP1 exhibits specific binding activity to R-curcumene, which acts as repellents to B. tabaci. By using a fluorescence-based binding assay, the difference of binding-affinity for R-curcumene between wild type BtOBP1 and the mutant BtOBP1 to R-curcumene was performed, which resulted in a single amino acid mutation (ASN108 > SER); moreover, BtOBP1-N108 displays significantly decreased binding affinities to R-curcumene. Most interestingly, a knock-down experiment with the BtOBP1 showed that the whitefly responses to R-curcumene are impaired. This study illustrated that BtOBP1 is a crucial protein involved in the perception and discrimination of R-curcumene. Our findings may provide an excellent chance of finding a suitable antagonist of eco-friendly features that can block the perception of chemosensory signals in insects, preventing behaviors like food-finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jinping Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Du Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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17
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Mujiono K, Tohi T, Sobhy IS, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Galis I. Herbivore-induced and constitutive volatiles are controlled by different oxylipin-dependent mechanisms in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2687-2699. [PMID: 34114241 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for plants, control mechanisms for their basal and stress-induced biosynthesis and release remain unclear. We sampled and characterized headspace and internal leaf volatile pools in rice (Oryza sativa), after a simulated herbivory treatment, which triggers an endogenous jasmonate burst. Certain volatiles, such as linalool, were strongly upregulated by simulated herbivory stress. In contrast, other volatiles, such as β-caryophyllene, were constitutively emitted and fluctuated according to time of day. Transcripts of the linalool synthase gene transiently increased 1-3 h after exposure of rice to simulated herbivory, whereas transcripts of caryophyllene synthase peaked independently at dawn. Unexpectedly, although emission and accumulation patterns of rice inducible and constitutive VOCs were substantially different, both groups of volatiles were compromised in jasmonate-deficient hebiba mutants, which lack the allene oxide cyclase (AOC) gene. This suggests that rice employs at least two distinct oxylipin-dependent mechanisms downstream of AOC to control production of constitutive and herbivore-induced volatiles. Levels of the JA precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), were correlated with constitutive volatile levels suggesting that OPDA or its derivatives could be involved in control of volatile emission in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Tilisa Tohi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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18
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Tong Y, Hu T, Tu L, Chen K, Liu T, Su P, Song Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Gao W. Functional characterization and substrate promiscuity of sesquiterpene synthases from Tripterygium wilfordii. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:949-958. [PMID: 34237366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic terpenes, commonly found in plants, are of high physiological importance and commercial value, and their diversity was controlled by different terpene synthases. During the screen of sesquiterpene synthases from Tripterygium wilfordii, we observed that Ses-TwTPS1-1 and Ses-TwTPS2 promiscuously accepted GPP, FPP, and GGPP to produce corresponding terpene alcohols (linalool/nerolidol/geranyllinalool). The Ses-TwTPS1-2, Ses-TwTPS3, and Ses-TwTPS4 also showed unusual substrate promiscuity by catalyzing GGPP or GPP in addition to FPP as substrate. Furthermore, key residues for the generation of diterpene product, (E, E)-geranyllinalool, were screened depending on mutagenesis studies. The functional analysis of Ses-TwTPS1-1:V199I and Ses-TwTPS1-2:I199V showed that Val in 199 site assisted the produce of diterpene product geranyllinalool by enzyme mutation studies, which indicated that subtle differences away from the active site could alter the product outcome. Moreover, an engineered sesquiterpene high-yielding yeast that produced 162 mg/L nerolidol in shake flask conditions was constructed to quickly identify the function of sesquiterpene synthases in vivo and develop potential applications in microbial fermentation. Our functional characterization of acyclic sesquiterpene synthases will give some insights into the substrate promiscuity of diverse acyclic terpene synthases and provide key residues for expanding the product portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Kang Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Tiezheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ping Su
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yadi Song
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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19
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Liang D, Li W, Yan X, Caiyin Q, Zhao G, Qiao J. Molecular and Functional Evolution of the Spermatophyte Sesquiterpene Synthases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126348. [PMID: 34198531 PMCID: PMC8232007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes are important defense and signal molecules for plants to adapt to the environment, cope with stress, and communicate with the outside world, and their evolutionary history is closely related to physiological functions. In this study, the information of plant sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) with identified functions were collected and sorted to form a dataset containing about 500 members. The phylogeny of spermatophyte functional STSs was constructed based on the structural comparative analysis to reveal the sequence–structure–function relationships. We propose the evolutionary history of plant sesquiterpene skeletons, from chain structure to small rings, followed by large rings for the first time and put forward a more detailed function-driven hypothesis. Then, the evolutionary origins and history of spermatophyte STSs are also discussed. In addition, three newly identified STSs CaSTS2, CaSTS3, and CaSTS4 were analyzed in this functional evolutionary system, and their germacrene D products were consistent with the functional prediction. This demonstrates an application of the structure-based phylogeny in predicting STS function. This work will help us to understand evolutionary patterns and dynamics of plant sesquiterpenes and STSs and screen or design STSs with specific product profiles as functional elements for synthetic biology application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (D.L.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.C.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (D.L.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.C.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (D.L.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.C.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (D.L.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.C.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (D.L.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.C.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (D.L.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.C.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-8740-2107
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20
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Wang Q, Liu JT, Zhang YJ, Chen JL, Li XC, Liang P, Gao XW, Zhou JJ, Gu SH. Coordinative mediation of the response to alarm pheromones by three odorant binding proteins in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 130:103528. [PMID: 33482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play an essential role for insect chemosensation in insect peripheral nervous systems of antennae. Each antennal sensilla contains more than one OBP at high concentrations but the interactions and cooperation between co-localized OBPs are rarely reported. In present study, we cloned, expressed and purified eight OBPs of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. The effects of knocking down the expression of these OBP genes by RNAi on the electrophysiological and behavioural responses of M. persicae to the aphid alarm pheromone, (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) were investigated. The results showed that the aphids could still be repelled by EβF when the expression of each of three OBP genes was individually knocked down. However, the simultaneous knockdown of MperOBP3/7/9 expression significantly reduced the electrophysiological response and the repellent behaviours of M. persicae to EβF than the single OBP gene knockdown (P < 0.05). Rather than a normal saturation binding curve of individual OBP, the binding curve of MperOBP3/7/9 is bell-shaped with a higher affinity for the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (1-NPN). The competitive binding assays confirmed that MperOBP3, MperOBP7, MperOBP9 and MperOBP3/7/9 mixture exhibited a stronger binding affinity for EβF, than for sex pheromones and plant volatiles with a dissociation constant of 2.5 μM, 1.1 μM, 3.9 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. The competitive binding curve of MperOBP3/7/9 mixture to EβF is shallow without bottom plateau, suggesting a conformational change and a rapid dissociation after the displacement of all 1-NPN (in vivo after the saturation binding of all OBPs by EβF). The interaction between OBPs and formation of a heterogeneous unit may facilitate the delivery EβF to the OR at electrophysiological and behavioural levels during insect odorant signal transduction thus mediate M. persicae response to the alarm pheromone EβF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ju-Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Chun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Li W, Wang L, Zhou F, Li C, Ma W, Chen H, Wang G, Pickett JA, Zhou JJ, Lin Y. Overexpression of the homoterpene synthase gene, OsCYP92C21, increases emissions of volatiles mediating tritrophic interactions in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:948-963. [PMID: 33099790 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence homoterpenes can be used to attract pest natural enemies. However, the biosynthetic pathway of homoterpenes is still unknown in rice, and the practical application of such indirect defence systems suffers from inherent limitations due to their low emissions from plants. Here, we demonstrated that the protein OsCYP92C21 is responsible for homoterpene biosynthesis in rice. We also revealed that the ability of rice to produce homoterpenes is dependent on the subcellular precursor pools. By increasing the precursor pools through specifically subcellular targeting expression, genetic transformation and genetic introgression, we significantly enhanced homoterpene biosynthesis in rice. The final introgressed GM rice plants exhibited higher homoterpene emissions than the wild type rice and the highest homoterpene emission reported so far for such GM plants even without the induction of herbivore attack. As a result, these GM rice plants demonstrated strong attractiveness to the parasitic wasp Cotesia chilonis. This study discovered the homoterpene biosynthesis pathway in rice, and lays the foundation for the utilisation of plant indirect defence mechanism in the "push-pull" strategy of integrated pest management through increasing precursor pools in the subcellular compartments and overexpressing homoterpene synthase by genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingnan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Chen C, Chen H, Huang S, Jiang T, Wang C, Tao Z, He C, Tang Q, Li P. Volatile DMNT directly protects plants against Plutella xylostella by disrupting the peritrophic matrix barrier in insect midgut. eLife 2021; 10:63938. [PMID: 33599614 PMCID: PMC7924945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pests negatively affect crop quality and yield; identifying new methods to protect crops against insects therefore has important agricultural applications. Our analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants showed that overexpression of pentacyclic triterpene synthase 1, encoding the key biosynthetic enzyme for the natural plant product (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), led to a significant resistance against a major insect pest, Plutella xylostella. DMNT treatment severely damaged the peritrophic matrix (PM), a physical barrier isolating food and pathogens from the midgut wall cells. DMNT repressed the expression of PxMucin in midgut cells, and knocking down PxMucin resulted in PM rupture and P. xylostella death. A 16S RNA survey revealed that DMNT significantly disrupted midgut microbiota populations and that midgut microbes were essential for DMNT-induced killing. Therefore, we propose that the midgut microbiota assists DMNT in killing P. xylostella. These findings may provide a novel approach for plant protection against P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen He
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, the School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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23
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Liu D, Li W, An X, Ghasemzadeh S, Huang X, Chen J, Kou J, Sun P, Zhang Y. Engineering Nicotiana tabacum for the de novo biosynthesis of DMNT to regulate orientation behavior of the parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:502-509. [PMID: 32816401 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), one of the homoterpenes, is thought to contribute to plant indirect defense against insect herbivores. DMNT-enriched plants have great application potential to regulate insect behavior in the 'push & pull' strategy of pest management. However, de novo biosynthesis of DMNT in plants without a homoterpene metabolic pathway in their wild type is still not achieved, and the role of DMNT played in these plants and their interacted insects remains unclear. RESULTS Cytochrome P450s and terpene synthases involved in homoterpenes biosynthesis in cotton plants were employed to generate DMNT-releasing tobacco plants. Single GhTPS14 transgenic Nicotiana tabacum only emitted (E)-nerolidol, the precursor of DMNT. Transgenic tobaccos expressing single GhCYP82Ls were unable to produce DMNT or TMTT, while DMNT was detected when exogenous (E)-nerolidol was added. Compared to wild-type plants, only co-expression of GhCYP82Ls and GhTPS14 in transgenic tobaccos triggered the constitutive release of single-component DMNT. Furthermore, DMNT-emitting transgenic tobacco plants, whether infested with Helicoverpa armigera larvae or not, significantly incited orientation behavior of parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator. CONCLUSION Wild type N. tabacum plants have no DMNT metabolic pathway. DMNT could be de novo biosynthesized via co-expression of GhCYP82Ls and GhTPS14. What is more, the parasitoid wasp M. mediator could be recruited by DMNT-releasing transgenic tobaccos, especially by H. armigera-infested transgenic tobaccos, suggesting the potential roles of engineered N. tabacum in regulating the behavioral preference of M. mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Somayyeh Ghasemzadeh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Li F, Dewer Y, Li D, Qu C, Luo C. Functional and evolutionary characterization of chemosensory protein CSP2 in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:378-388. [PMID: 32741104 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are thought to play essential roles in insect chemical communication, but their exact physiological functions remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the functions of the CSP2 gene in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci using protein expression and the binding affinity spectrum of CSP2 to different types of odor molecules. Moreover, the evolutionary characteristics of the CSP2 gene were studied. The data obtained using binding assay showed that the CSP2 protein can bind to a broad range of plant volatiles including the homoterpene (E)-3,8-dimethyl-1,4,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and its analogs. In addition, using a behavioral experimental approach we identified that DMNT can repel the selection and oviposition of B. tabaci. Furthermore, protein structure modeling, molecular docking analyses and a functional mutation experiment were carried out resulting in the final identification of key amino acid residue Y11, which displayed important roles in the binding of CSP2 to DMNT. The results also showed that Y11 is located in the pocket region where CSP2 has a pi-alkyl interaction with DMNT. Meanwhile, comparative and evolutionary analyses indicated that CSP2 shared a high sequence similarity with CSPs of other insect family members such as Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha including aphids, whiteflies and planthoppers. CONCLUSION These results suggested that CSP2 likely contributes to mediating responses of B. tabaci to plant volatiles, which may play a pivotal role in its feeding and oviposition preferences. Moreover, these findings could provide key information for exploring efficiency monitoring and integrated pest management strategies of B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Sabahia Plant Protection Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Du Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Agasicles hygrophila attack increases nerolidol synthase gene expression in Alternanthera philoxeroides, facilitating host finding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16994. [PMID: 33046727 PMCID: PMC7552398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects use plant volatile compounds to find their host plants for feeding and egg deposition. The monophagous beetle Agasicles hygrophila uses a volatile (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonanetriene (DMNT) to recognize its host plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. Alternanthera philoxeroides releases DMNT in response to A. hygrophila attack and nerolidol synthase (NES) is a key enzyme in DMNT biosynthesis; however, the effect of A. hygrophila on NES expression remains unclear. In this study, the A. philoxeroides transcriptome was sequenced and six putative NES genes belonging to the terpene synthase-g family were characterized. The expression of these NES genes was assayed at different times following A. hygrophila contact, feeding or mechanical wounding. Results showed that A. hygrophila contact and feeding induced NES expression more rapidly and more intensely than mechanical wounding alone. This may account for a large release of DMNT following A. hygrophila feeding in a previous study and subsequently facilitate A. hygrophila to find host plants. Our research provides a powerful genetic platform for studying invasive plants and lays the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between A. philoxeroides and its specialist A. hygrophila.
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26
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Li H, Wang Z, Han K, Guo M, Zou Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Hua H. Cloning and functional identification of a Chilo suppressalis-inducible promoter of rice gene, OsHPL2. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3177-3187. [PMID: 32336018 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoters play a key role in driving insect-resistant genes during breeding of transgenic plants. In current transgenic procedures for breeding rice resistance to striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker, SSB), the constitutive promoter is used to drive the insect-resistant gene. To reduce the burden of constitutive promoters on plant growth, isolation and identification of insect-inducible promoters are particularly important. However, few promoters are induced specifically by insect feeding. RESULTS We found rice hydroperoxide lyase gene (OsHPL2) (LOC_Os02g12680) was upregulated after feeding by SSB. We subsequently cloned the promoter of OsHPL2 and analysed its expression pattern using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Histochemical assays and quantitative analyses of GUS activity confirmed that P HPL2 :GUS was activated by SSB, but did not respond to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) infestation, mechanical wounding or phytohormone treatments. A series of 5' truncated assays were conducted and three positive regulatory regions (-1452 to -1213, -903 to -624, and -376 to -176) induced by SSB infestation were identified. P2R123-min 35S and P2TR2-min 35S promoters linked with cry1C of transgenic plants showed the highest levels of Cry1C protein expression and SSB larval mortality. CONCLUSION We identified an SSB-inducible promoter and three positive internal regions. Transgenic rice plants with the OsHPL2 promoter and its positive regions driving cry1C exhibited the expected larvicidal effect on SSB. Our study is the first report of an SSB-inducible promoter that could be used as a potential resource for breeding insect-resistant transgenic crops. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehong Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjian Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Zou
- College of Life Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Hung KY, McElfresh JS, Zou Y, Wayadande A, Gerry AC. Identification of Volatiles From Plants Infested With Honeydew-Producing Insects, and Attraction of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) to These Volatiles. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:667-676. [PMID: 31837224 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
House flies (Musca domestica L.) are mechanical vectors of food-borne pathogens including Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella spp., resulting in increased risk of diarrheal disease in areas where flies are abundant. Movement of house flies into food crops may be increased by the presence of honeydew-producing insects feeding on these crops. Using gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), volatile odors that elicited house fly antennal response were identified from naval orange (Osbeck) (Sapindales: Rutaceae) and Marsh grapefruit (Macfad.) (Sapindales: Rutaceae) leaves infested with whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and from whole faba (L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) bean plants infested with aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Volatiles identified included benzaldehyde, butyl hexanoate, β-caryophyllene, Δ3-carene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, myrcene, limonene, linalool, and naphthalene. This was followed by semifield bioassays of volatile blends and individual volatiles to determine house fly attraction to these volatiles. Although fly capture rates in the semifield setting were low, benzaldehyde and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were consistently attractive to house flies as individual compounds and as components of volatile blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Y Hung
- Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Indio, CA
| | - J Steven McElfresh
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Astri Wayadande
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Alec C Gerry
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA
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Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:288-298. [PMID: 31953705 PMCID: PMC7142049 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae), is one of the most important food legumes grown on the African continent, as it provides an affordable source of dietary protein. Yields of cowpea are significantly reduced through damage by legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), caterpillars to flowers, tender leaves and pods. Semiochemical-based strategies are considered as environmentally benign and affordable for pest management, particularly on smallholder farms. In this study, we investigated the importance of cowpea flower volatiles as host location cues for egg-laying M. vitrata, and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as M. vitrata repellents and natural enemy (Apanteles taragamae and Phanerotoma syleptae parasitoid) attractants. In oviposition choice assays, M. vitrata laid more eggs on flowering cowpea plants than non-flowering plants. Coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (GC-EAG) analysis using the antennae of female M. vitrata and an extract of flower volatiles collected by dynamic headspace collection revealed the presence of five EAG-active components that were identified by coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, a vinylbenzaldehyde isomer and (E)-cinnamaldehyde. A synthetic blend of the identified compounds, prepared using 3-vinylbenzaldehyde, induced M. vitrata to lay as many eggs on non-flowering cowpea as on flowering plants. The moths also preferred laying eggs on intact plants compared to M. vitrata-infested plants. As the emission of EAG-active floral compounds was determined to be lower in the headspace of infested cowpea flowers, the role of HIPVs emitted by M. vitrata-damaged leaves was also investigated. Of the compounds induced by larval damage, (E)-DMNT, indole, n-hexyl acetate, 1-octen-3-ol and linalool were shown by GC-EAG to possess electrophysiological activity. A synthetic blend of the EAG-active compounds, using racemic 1-octen-3-ol and linalool, significantly reduced egg numbers on flowering cowpea. Larval and egg parasitoids, i.e. A. taragamae and Ph. syleptae, respectively, of M. vitrata both preferred the Y-tube olfactometer arm treated with synthetic (E)-DMNT, whereas preference for racemic linalool and (E)-nerolidol was dose-dependent in A. taragamae. Our results provide the platform for the development of future semiochemical-based pest management strategies against M. vitrata on smallholder farms in West Africa.
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Pickett JA, Midega CAO, Pittchar J, Khan ZR. Removing constraints to sustainable food production: new ways to exploit secondary metabolism from companion planting and GM. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2346-2352. [PMID: 31166075 PMCID: PMC6771526 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The entire process of agricultural and horticultural food production is unsustainable as practiced by current highly intensive industrial systems. Energy consumption is particularly intensive for cultivation, and for fertilizer production and its incorporation into soil. Provision of nitrogen contributes a major source of the greenhouse gas, N2 O. All losses due to pests, diseases and weeds are of food for which the carbon footprint has already been committed and so crop protection becomes an even greater concern. The rapidly increasing global need for food and the aggravation of associated problems by the effects of climate change create a need for new and sustainable crop protection. The overall requirement for sustainability is to remove seasonal inputs, and consequently all crop protection will need to be delivered via the seed or other planting material. Although genetic modification (GM) has transformed the prospects of sustainable crop protection, considerably more development is essential for the realisation of the full potential of GM and thereby consumer acceptability. Secondary plant metabolism offers wider and perhaps more robust new crop protection via GM and can be accomplished without associated yield loss because of the low level of photosynthate diverted for plant defence by secondary metabolism. Toxic mechanisms can continue to be targeted but exploiting non-toxic regulatory and signalling mechanisms should be the ultimate objective. There are many problems facing these proposals, both technical and social, and these are discussed but it is certainly not possible to stay where we are in terms of sustainability. The evidence for success is mounting and the technical opportunities from secondary plant metabolism are discussed here. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- School of ChemistryUniversity of CardiffCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles AO Midega
- Push‐pull IPM Technology, Plant Health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Jimmy Pittchar
- Push‐pull IPM Technology, Plant Health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Zeyaur R Khan
- Push‐pull IPM Technology, Plant Health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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Li F, Wu C, Dewer Y, Li D, Qu C, Luo C. Changes in Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiles in Platanus acerifolia Leaves in Response to Feeding Damage Caused by Corythucha ciliata. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143465. [PMID: 31311085 PMCID: PMC6678411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) is a highly invasive pest insect that feeds on sycamore trees (Platanus spp.) worldwide. The interaction between Platanus species and this insect pest has not yet been studied at the molecular level. Therefore, a recent study was conducted to compare the gene expression and metabolite profiles of Platanus acerifolia leaves in response to C. ciliata feeding damage after 24 and 48 h. We employed high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA- seq) to identify a total of 2,828 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after C. ciliata feeding. In addition, 303 unigenes were found to be up-regulated at both time points. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that monoterpenoid biosynthesis, the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and alpha- linolenic acid metabolism were the most prominent pathways among the DEGs. Further analysis of the metabolite profiles showed that nine metabolites were significantly different before and after C. ciliata damage. In addition, we analyzed DEGs detected in the P. acerifolia and C. ciliata interaction using Mapman. The terpene synthase gene family was also identified. We suggest that the results obtained from DEGs and metabolite analysis can provide important information for the identification of genes involved in the P. acerifolia–C. ciliata interaction, which might be necessary for controlling C. ciliata efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Sabahia Plant Protection Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria 21616, Egypt
| | - Du Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Fancelli M, Borges M, Laumann RA, Pickett JA, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Attractiveness of Host Plant Volatile Extracts to the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is Reduced by Terpenoids from the Non-Host Cashew. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:397-405. [PMID: 29500752 PMCID: PMC5899996 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri is a vector of the bacterial causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB = Citrus greening), a severe disease affecting citrus crops. As there is no known control for HLB, manipulating insect behaviour through deployment of semiochemicals offers a promising opportunity for protecting citrus crops. The behavioural responses of D. citri to plant volatiles, and the identity of these plant volatiles were investigated. Volatiles were collected from host plants Murraya paniculata, Citrus sinensis, C. reshni, C. limettioides, Poncirus trifoliata, and from non-host plants Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale. In behavioural assays, female D. citri spent more time in the arms containing volatiles from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. When D. citri was exposed to volatiles collected from A. occidentale, they preferred the control arm. Volatiles emitted from the other studied plants did not influence the foraging behaviour of D. citri. Chemical analyses of volatile extracts from C. sinensis, M. paniculata, and A. occidentale revealed the presence of the terpenoids (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7–triene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) in higher amounts in A. occidentale. In further behavioural bioassays, female D. citri spent less time in arms containing a synthetic blend of DMNT and TMTT compared to the control arms. Female D. citri also spent less time in arms containing the synthetic blend in combination with volatile extracts from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. Results suggest that higher release of the two terpenoids by A. occidentale make this species unattractive to D. citri, and that the terpenoids could be used in reducing colonisation of citrus plants and therefore HLB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Fancelli
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, PO Box 007, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Borges
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Raul A Laumann
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
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Liu D, Huang X, Jing W, An X, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Identification and functional analysis of two P450 enzymes of Gossypium hirsutum involved in DMNT and TMTT biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:581-590. [PMID: 28710782 PMCID: PMC5787835 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The homoterpenes (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) are major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that can attract predatory or parasitic arthropods to protect injured plants from herbivore attack. In this study, DMNT and TMTT were confirmed to be emitted from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants infested with chewing caterpillars or sucking bugs. Two CYP genes (GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2) involved in homoterpene biosynthesis in G. hirsutum were newly identified and characterized. Yeast recombinant expression and enzyme assays indicated that the two GhCYP82Ls are both responsible for the conversion of (E)-nerolidol to DMNT and (E,E)-geranyllinalool to TMTT. The two heterologously expressed proteins without cytochrome P450 reductase fail to convert the substrates to homoterpenes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis suggested that the two GhCYP82L genes were significantly up-regulated in leaves and stems of G. hirsutum after herbivore attack. Subsequently, electroantennogram recordings showed that electroantennal responses of Microplitis mediator and Peristenus spretus to DMNT and TMTT were both dose dependent. Laboratory behavioural bioassays showed that females of both wasp species responded positively to DMNT and males and females of M. mediator could be attracted by TMTT. The results provide a better understanding of homoterpene biosynthesis in G. hirsutum and of the potential influence of homoterpenes on the behaviour of natural enemies, which lay a foundation to study genetically modified homoterpene biosynthesis and its possible application in agricultural pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weixia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandongChina
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingjiang Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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