1
|
Moy A, Nkongolo K. Decrypting Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Copper and Nickel Toxicity in Jack Pine ( Pinus banksiana) Based on Transcriptomic Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1042. [PMID: 38611570 PMCID: PMC11013723 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of copper and nickel-afflicted sites is challenged by the different physiological effects imposed by each metal on a given plant system. Pinus banksiana is resilient against copper and nickel, providing an opportunity to build a valuable resource to investigate the responding gene expression toward each metal. The objectives of this study were to (1) extend the analysis of the Pinus banksiana transcriptome exposed to nickel and copper, (2) assess the differential gene expression in nickel-resistant compared to copper-resistant genotypes, and (3) identify mechanisms specific to each metal. The Illumina platform was used to sequence RNA that was extracted from seedlings treated with each of the metals. There were 449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between copper-resistant genotypes (RGs) and nickel-resistant genotypes (RGs) at a high stringency cut-off, indicating a distinct pattern of gene expression toward each metal. For biological processes, 19.8% of DEGs were associated with the DNA metabolic process, followed by the response to stress (13.15%) and the response to chemicals (8.59%). For metabolic function, 27.9% of DEGs were associated with nuclease activity, followed by nucleotide binding (27.64%) and kinase activity (10.16%). Overall, 21.49% of DEGs were localized to the plasma membrane, followed by the cytosol (16.26%) and chloroplast (12.43%). Annotation of the top upregulated genes in copper RG compared to nickel RG identified genes and mechanisms that were specific to copper and not to nickel. NtPDR, AtHIPP10, and YSL1 were identified as genes associated with copper resistance. Various genes related to cell wall metabolism were identified, and they included genes encoding for HCT, CslE6, MPG, and polygalacturonase. Annotation of the top downregulated genes in copper RG compared to nickel RG revealed genes and mechanisms that were specific to nickel and not copper. Various regulatory and signaling-related genes associated with the stress response were identified. They included UGT, TIFY, ACC, dirigent protein, peroxidase, and glyoxyalase I. Additional research is needed to determine the specific functions of signaling and stress response mechanisms in nickel-resistant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabwe Nkongolo
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Xu M, Zhou K, Hao S, Li L, Wang L, Zhou W, Kai G. SmEIL1 transcription factor inhibits tanshinone accumulation in response to ethylene signaling in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1356922. [PMID: 38628367 PMCID: PMC11018959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Among the bioactive compounds, lipid-soluble tanshinone is present in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinal plant species. While it is known that ethephon has the ability to inhibit the tanshinones biosynthesis in the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root, however the underlying regulatory mechanism remains obscure. In this study, using the transcriptome dataset of the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root induced by ethephon, an ethylene-responsive transcriptional factor EIN3-like 1 (SmEIL1) was identified. The SmEIL1 protein was found to be localized in the nuclei, and confirmed by the transient transformation observed in tobacco leaves. The overexpression of SmEIL1 was able to inhibit the tanshinones accumulation to a large degree, as well as down-regulate tanshinones biosynthetic genes including SmGGPPS1, SmHMGR1, SmHMGS1, SmCPS1, SmKSL1 and SmCYP76AH1. These are well recognized participants in the tanshinones biosynthesis pathway. Further investigation on the SmEIL1 was observed to inhibit the transcription of the CPS1 gene by the Dual-Luciferase (Dual-LUC) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays. The data in this work will be of value regarding the involvement of EILs in regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinones and lay the foundation for the metabolic engineering of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Dermatology department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leran Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Q, Zhang B, Liu W, Zou H. Strigolactones alleviate the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in maize (Zea mays L.). Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170626. [PMID: 38325482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are widely used across various fields, yet their uptake can potentially exert adverse effects on plant growth and development, ultimately reducing yields. While there is growing awareness of the phytotoxicity caused by nanoplastics, our understanding of effective strategies to prevent nanoplastic accumulation in plants remains limited. This study explores the role of strigolactones (SLs) in mitigating the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in Zea mays L. (maize). SLs application markedly inhibited PS-NPs accumulation in maize roots, thus enhancing the root weight, shoot weight and shoot length of maize. Physiological analysis showed that SLs application activated the activities of antioxidant defence enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, to decrease the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage and alleviate the accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- induced by PS-NPs in maize plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that SLs application induced transcriptional reprogramming by regulating the expression of genes related to MAPK, plant hormones and plant-pathogen interaction signal pathways in maize treated with PS-NPs. Notably, the expression of genes, such as ZmAUX/IAA and ZmGID1, associated with phytohormones in maize treated with PS-NPs underwent significant changes. In addition, SLs induced metabolic dynamics changes related to amino acid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, cysteine and methionine metabolism in maize treated with PS-NPs. In summary, these results strongly reveal that SLs could serve as a strategy to mitigate the accumulation and alleviate the stress of PS-NPs in maize, which appears to be a potential approach for mitigating the phytotoxicity induced by PS-NPs in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolu Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Weijuan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Huawen Zou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Ren Z, Li L, Li Y, Han Y, Liu Y, Cao H. WOX2 functions redundantly with WOX1 and WOX4 to positively regulate seed germination in Arabidopsis. Planta 2024; 259:83. [PMID: 38441675 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION WOX family gene WOX2 is highly expressed during seed development, which functions redundantly with WOX1 and WOX4 to positively regulate seed germination. WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) is a family of transcription factors in plants. They play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, but their function in seed germination is not well understood. In this report, we show that WOX1, WOX2, and WOX4 are close homologues in Arabidopsis. WOX2 has a redundant function with WOX1 and WOX4, respectively, in seed germination. WOX2 is highly expressed during seed development, from the globular embryonic stage to mature dry seeds, and its expression is decreased after germination. Loss of function single mutant wox2, and double mutants wox1 wox2 and wox2 wox4-1 show decreased germination speed. WOX2 and WOX4 are essential for hypocotyl-radicle zone elongation during germination, potentially by promoting the expression of cell wall-related genes. We also found that WOX2 and WOX4 regulate germination through the gibberellin (GA) pathway. These results suggest that WOX2 and WOX4 integrate the GA pathway and downstream cell wall-related genes during germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Huang SB, Wang X, Huang L, Gao C, Huang XY, Zhao FJ. IAR4 mutation enhances cadmium toxicity by disturbing auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:438-453. [PMID: 37721748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants, but the targets and modes of toxicity remain unclear. We isolated a Cd-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd-induced short root 2 (cdsr2), in the background of the phytochelatin synthase-defective mutant cad1-3. Both cdsr2 and cdsr2 cad1-3 displayed shorter roots and were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild type. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, IAR4 was identified as the causal gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit. cdsr2 showed decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and NADH content, but markedly increased concentrations of pyruvate and alanine in roots. Both Cd stress and IAR4 mutation decreased auxin level in the root tips, and the effect was additive. A higher growth temperature rescued the phenotypes in cdsr2. Exogenous alanine inhibited root growth and decreased auxin level in the wild type. Cadmium stress suppressed the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, hydrolysis of auxin-conjugates and auxin polar transport. Our results suggest that auxin homeostasis is a key target of Cd toxicity, which is aggravated by IAR4 mutation due to decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Decreased auxin level in cdsr2 is likely caused by increased auxin-alanine conjugation and decreased energy status in roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao Bai Huang
- School of Molecular Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - LiZhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng H, Li Y, Chen W, Yan J, Wu J, Lou H. Melatonin alleviates aluminum toxicity by regulating aluminum-responsive and nonresponsive pathways in hickory. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132274. [PMID: 37643573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant constraint on agricultural productivity worldwide. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate Al toxicity in plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we employed a combination of physiological and molecular biology techniques to examine the role of MT in mitigating Al toxicity of hickory. We found that MT decreased the contents of cell wall pectin, hemicellulose, Al, and Al-induced massive reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots of hickory. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MT may alleviate root tip Al stress by regulating Al-responsive and nonresponsive pathways. Co-expression regulatory network and dual-luciferase receptor assays revealed that transcription factors, CcC3H12 and CcAZF2, responded to MT and significantly activated the expression of two cell wall pectin-related genes, CcPME61 and CcGAE6, respectively. Further, yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays verified that CcC3H12 and CcAZF2 regulated CcPME61 and CcGAE6, respectively, by directly binding to their promoters. Overexpression of CcPME61 enhanced the Al sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that MT can improve Al tolerance of hickory via multiple pathways, which provides a new perspective for the study of the mechanism of MT in alleviating abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Deng Y, Liu Y, Mai C, Xu Y, Wu J, Zheng X, Liang C, Wang J. Arabidopsis transcription factor WRKY45 confers cadmium tolerance via activating PCS1 and PCS2 expression. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132496. [PMID: 37703737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as toxic pollutant to crops worldwide. The biosynthesis of glutathione-dependent phytochelatin (PC) plays crucial roles in the detoxification of Cd in plants. However, its regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we revealed that Arabidopsis transcription factor WRKY45 confers Cd tolerance via promoting the expression of PC synthesis-related genes PCS1 and PCS2, respectively. Firstly, we found that Cd stress induces the transcript levels of WRKY45 and its protein abundance. Accordingly, in contrast to wild type Col-0, the increased sensitivity to Cd is observed in wrky45 mutant, while overexpressing WRKY45 plants are more tolerant to Cd. Secondly, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the expression of AtPCS1 and AtPCS2 is stimulated in overexpressing WRKY45 plants, but decreased in wrky45 mutant. Thirdly, WRKY45 promotes the expression of PCS1 and PCS2, electrophoresis mobility shift assay analysis uncovered that WRKY45 directly binds to the W-box cis-element of PCS2 promoter. Lastly, the overexpression of WRKY45 in Col-0 leads to more accumulation of PCs in Arabidopsis, and the overexpression of PCS1 or PCS2 in wrky45 mutant plants rescues the phenotypes induced by Cd stress. In conclusion, our results show that AtWRKY45 positively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis via activating PCS1 and PCS2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Li
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaru Deng
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuishan Mai
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yun Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinni Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural pollution Control and Environmental Safety in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang S, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Li R, Li J. Overexpression of BoLSU1 and BoLSU2 Confers Tolerance to Sulfur Deficiency in Arabidopsis by Manipulating Glucosinolate Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13520. [PMID: 37686325 PMCID: PMC10487721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for plant growth, development and resistance to environmental stresses. Glucosinolates (GSLs), a group of sulfur rich secondary metabolites found in Brassicaceae plants, are known for their defensive properties against pathogens and herbivores. Due to their integration of a large proportion of total sulfur, their biosynthesis and degradation are closely linked to sulfur metabolism. It has been demonstrated that GSLs can be broken down to release sulfur and facilitate the production of other thio-metabolites when the plant is under stress. However, the regulation of this process is still not fully understood. In this study, we constructed two broccoli LSU (low sulfur responsive) gene overexpressing lines, 35S::BoLSU1 and 35S::BoLSU2, to detect changes in GSL metabolism after sulfur deficiency treatment. The results showed that BoLSU1 and BoLSU2 inhibit the biosynthesis of aliphatic GSLs, while also promoting their degradation and increasing the content of glutathione (GSH), leading to the reallocation of sulfur from the GSL pool to other thio-metabolites such as GSH. Furthermore, this regulation of GSL metabolism mediated by BoLSU1 and BoLSU2 is found to be dependent on myrosinases BGLU28 and BGLU30. Our study provides insight into the physiological role of LSU proteins and their regulation of sulfur metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.)
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Canales J, Arenas-M A, Medina J, Vidal EA. A Revised View of the LSU Gene Family: New Functions in Plant Stress Responses and Phytohormone Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032819. [PMID: 36769138 PMCID: PMC9917515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LSUs (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) are plant-specific proteins of unknown function that were initially identified during transcriptomic studies of the sulfur deficiency response in Arabidopsis. Recent functional studies have shown that LSUs are important hubs of protein interaction networks with potential roles in plant stress responses. In particular, LSU proteins have been reported to interact with members of the brassinosteroid, jasmonate signaling, and ethylene biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that LSUs may be involved in response to plant stress through modulation of phytohormones. Furthermore, in silico analysis of the promoter regions of LSU genes in Arabidopsis has revealed the presence of cis-regulatory elements that are potentially responsive to phytohormones such as ABA, auxin, and jasmonic acid, suggesting crosstalk between LSU proteins and phytohormones. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the LSU gene family in plants and its potential role in phytohormone responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Anita Arenas-M
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena A. Vidal
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (E.A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Ma W, Guan X, Wang F, Fan Z, Gao S, Yao Y. VvMYB14 participates in melatonin-induced proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by upregulating expression of VvMYBPA1 and VvMYBPA2 in grape seeds. Hortic Res 2023; 10:uhac274. [PMID: 37533674 PMCID: PMC10390852 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrated that melatonin increases continuously in seeds, particularly seed coats, during berry ripening. Exogenous melatonin treatments significantly increased the proanthocyanidin (PA) content, partially through ethylene signaling, in seed coats. VvMYB14 expression exhibited patterns similar to melatonin accumulation over time, which was largely induced by melatonin treatment in seed coats during berry ripening. Additionally, VvMYB14 bound to the MBS element of the VvMYBPA1 promoter to activate expression. VvMYB14 overexpression largely upregulated expression of VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2 and VvLAR1 and increased the PA content in grape seed-derived calli. Similar increases in AtTT2 and AtBAN expression and PA content were found in VvMYB14-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds. It was also observed that VvMYB14 overexpression increased ethylene production and thereby induced expression of VvERF104, which bound to the ERF element of the VvMYBPA2 promoter and activated its expression. Additionally, VvERF104 suppression reduced the VvMYB14 overexpression-induced increases in expression of VvMYBPA2 and VvLAR1 and PA content. Further experiments revealed that melatonin-induced increases in the expression of VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2, VvERF104 and VvLAR1 and PA accumulation were significantly reduced in VvMYB14-suppressing grape calli and leaves. Collectively, VvMYB14 mediates melatonin-induced PA biosynthesis by directly transactivating VvMYBPA1 expression and indirectly upregulating VvMYBPA2 expression via VvERF104.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xueqiang Guan
- Shandong Academy of Grape/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zongbao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang Z, Wang HQ, Chen J, Chang JD, Zhao FJ. Molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and detoxification of trace metals and metalloids in plants. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:570-593. [PMID: 36546407 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations (e.g., Cu, Zn, Ni, Co), while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations (e.g., As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg). Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities. Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants, as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health. Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils. The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress, genotoxicity, programmed cell death, and disturbance in multiple physiological processes. Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding, complexation, vacuolar sequestration, efflux, and translocation. Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity, detoxification, and regulation, as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wawrzyńska A, Piotrowska J, Apodiakou A, Brückner F, Hoefgen R, Sirko A. The SLIM1 transcription factor affects sugar signaling during sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:7362-7379. [PMID: 36099003 PMCID: PMC9730805 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of major macronutrient metabolism needs to be tightly regulated, especially when the availability of one or more nutrients fluctuates in the environment. Both sulfur metabolism and glucose signaling are important processes throughout plant growth and development, as well as during stress responses. Still, very little is known about how these processes affect each other, although they are positively connected. Here, we showed in Arabidopsis that the crucial transcription factor of sulfur metabolism, SLIM1, is involved in glucose signaling during shortage of sulfur. The germination rate of the slim1_KO mutant was severely affected by high glucose and osmotic stress. The expression of SLIM1-dependent genes in sulfur deficiency appeared to be additionally induced by a high concentration of either mannitol or glucose, but also by sucrose, which is not only the source of glucose but another signaling molecule. Additionally, SLIM1 affects PAP1 expression during sulfur deficiency by directly binding to its promoter. The lack of PAP1 induction in such conditions leads to much lower anthocyanin production. Taken together, our results indicate that SLIM1 is involved in the glucose response by modulating sulfur metabolism and directly controlling PAP1 expression in Arabidopsis during sulfur deficiency stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Piotrowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anastasia Apodiakou
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Franziska Brückner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin J, Essemine J, Xu Z, Duan J, Shan C, Mei Z, Zhu J, Cai W. Arabidopsis ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 directly regulates the expression of PG1β-like family genes in response to aluminum stress. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:4923-4940. [PMID: 35661874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genes in the subfamily PG1β (beta subunit of poly-galacturonase isoenzyme 1) have a clear effect on the biosynthesis pathway of pectin, a main component of the cell wall. However, the detailed functions of the PG1β-like gene members in Arabidopsis (AtPG1-3) have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated their functional roles in response to aluminum (Al) stress. Our results indicate that the PG1β-like gene members are indeed involved in the Al-stress response and they can modulate its accumulation in roots to achieve optimum root elongation and hence better seedling growth. We found that transcription factor EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) alters pectin metabolism and the EIN3 gene responds to Al stress to affect the pectin content in the root cell walls, leading to exacerbation of the inhibition of root growth, as reflected by the phenotypes of overexpressing lines. We determined that EIN3 can directly bind to the promoter regions of PG1-3, which act downstream of EIN3. Thus, our results show that EIN3 responds to Al stress in Arabidopsis directly through regulating the expression of PG1-3. Hence, EIN3 mediates their functions by acting as a biomarker in their molecular biosynthesis pathways, and consequently orchestrates their biological network in response to Al stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Guangzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Pazhou Dadao Rd. 17-19, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Shan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiling Mei
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uribe F, Henríquez-Valencia C, Arenas-M A, Medina J, Vidal EA, Canales J. Evolutionary and Gene Expression Analyses Reveal New Insights into the Role of LSU Gene-Family in Plant Responses to Sulfate-Deficiency. Plants 2022; 11:plants11121526. [PMID: 35736678 PMCID: PMC9229004 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LSU proteins belong to a plant-specific gene family initially characterized by their strong induction in response to sulfate (S) deficiency. In the last few years, LSUs have arisen as relevant hubs in protein–protein interaction networks, in which they play relevant roles in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Most of our knowledge on LSU genomic organization, expression and function comes from studies in Arabidopsis and tobacco, while little is known about the LSU gene repertoire and evolution of this family in land plants. In this work, a total of 270 LSU family members were identified using 134 land plant species with whole-genome sequences available. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LSU genes belong to a Spermatophyta-specific gene family, and their homologs are distributed in three major groups, two for dicotyledons and one group for monocotyledons. Protein sequence analyses showed four new motifs that further support the subgroup classification by phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of LSU genes in one representative species of each phylogenetic group (wheat, tomato and Arabidopsis) and found a conserved response to S deficiency, suggesting that these genes might play a key role in S stress responses. In summary, our results indicate that LSU genes belong to the Spermatophyta-specific gene family and their response to S deficiency is conserved in angiosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Uribe
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (F.U.); (C.H.-V.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Valencia
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (F.U.); (C.H.-V.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Anita Arenas-M
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (F.U.); (C.H.-V.); (A.A.-M.)
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena A. Vidal
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (F.U.); (C.H.-V.); (A.A.-M.)
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen H, Zhang Q, Lv W, Yu X, Zhang Z. Ethylene positively regulates Cd tolerance via reactive oxygen species scavenging and apoplastic transport barrier formation in rice. Environ Pollut 2022; 302:119063. [PMID: 35248615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene regulates plant root growth and resistance to environment stress. However, the role and mechanism of ethylene signaling in response to Cd stress in rice remains unclear. Here, we revealed that ethylene signaling plays a positive role in the resistance of rice to Cd toxicity. Blocking the ethylene signal facilitated root elongation under normal conditions, but resulted in severe oxidative damage and inhibition of root growth under Cd stress. Conversely, ethylene signal enhancement by EIN2 overexpression caused root bending, similar to the response of roots to Cd stress, and displayed higher Cd tolerance than the wildtype (WT) plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated EIN2-mediated upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and peroxidase activity under Cd stress. The synthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids were positively regulated by ethylene. Thus, the ein2 (ethylene insensitive 2) mutants displayed lower ROS scavenging capacity than the WT. Moreover, a significant increase in Cd accumulation and relatively increased apoplastic flow were observed in the root apex of the ein2 mutant compared with the WT plants. Overall, EIN2-mediated Cd resistance in rice is mediated by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and peroxidase activity to induce ROS scavenging, and apoplastic transport barrier formation reduces Cd uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yin A, Shen C, Huang Y, Fu H, Liao Q, Xin J, Huang B. Transcriptomic analyses of sweet potato in response to Cd exposure and protective effects of K on Cd-induced physiological alterations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:36824-36838. [PMID: 35064501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to understand the molecular mechanism of differential cadmium (Cd) accumulation in two cultivars of sweet potato and to clarify the effects of potassium (K) supply on Cd accumulation. Comparative transcriptomes were employed to identify key genes and pathways using a low-Cd (N88) and a high-Cd cultivar (X16) in a pot experiment. The antioxidant capacity and cell wall components of root tips were analyzed to account for the effect of K regulating Cd accumulation in N88 via a hydroponic experiment. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 29 and 20 genes were differentially expressed in N88 and X16, respectively, when comparing the control with the two Cd treatments. X16 had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2649 common up-regulated and 3173 common down-regulated than N88 in any treatment. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were assigned and enriched in different pathways. Some critical DEGs such as PDR, HMA3, COPT5, CAX3, GAUT, CCR, AUX1, CAT, SOD, GSR, and GST were identified. The DEGs were involved in pathways including heavy metal transport or detoxification, cell wall biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and glutathione metabolism. Additionally, K supply substantially decreased Cd accumulation and reactive oxygen species production and promoted the production of cellulose, pectin and lignin in the root tips when exposed to Cd. Several critical DEGs associated with heavy metal transport and cell wall biosynthesis were responsible for the difference of Cd accumulation between the two cultivars. Application of K could help decrease Cd accumulation in sweet potato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Yin
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Chuang Shen
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Huiling Fu
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Qiong Liao
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Junliang Xin
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| | - Baifei Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Li L, Zhang X, Wu S, Han X, Li X, Xu J. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Roots and Leaves under Cd Stress in Calotropis gigantea L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063329. [PMID: 35328749 PMCID: PMC8955323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea is often found in mining areas with heavy metal pollution. However, little is known about the physiological and molecular response mechanism of C. gigantea to Cd stress. In the present study, Cd tolerance characteristic of C. gigantea and the potential mechanisms were explored. Seed germination test results showed that C. gigantea had a certain Cd tolerance capacity. Biochemical and transcriptomic analysis indicated that the roots and leaves of C. gigantea had different responses to early Cd stress. A total of 176 and 1618 DEGs were identified in the roots and leaves of C. gigantea treated with Cd compared to the control samples, respectively. Results indicated that oxidative stress was mainly initiated in the roots of C. gigantea, whereas the leaves activated several Cd detoxification processes to cope with Cd, including the upregulation of genes involved in Cd transport (i.e., absorption, efflux, or compartmentalization), cell wall remodeling, antioxidant system, and chelation. This study provides preliminary information to understand how C. gigantea respond to Cd stress, which is useful for evaluating the potential of C. gigantea in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
| | - Lingxiong Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Shibo Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (X.H.)
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Jin C, Li Y, Wang L, Li F, Wang B, Jiang J, Zheng Z, Li H. Identification and Analysis of the EIN3/EIL Gene Family in Populus × xiaohei T. S. Hwang et Liang: Expression Profiling during Stress. Forests 2022; 13:382. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene-insensitive 3-like (EIN3/EIL) gene family, as a transcriptional activator in plants, not only plays an important role in the ethylene-signaling pathway in regulating plant growth and development but also participates in the defense against various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are few studies on the functions of EIN3/EIL genes in woody plants. Populus × xiaohei is a kind of tree species with strong drought resistance and salt-alkali tolerance and, thus, is an ideal subject for studying abiotic stress mechanisms in trees. Eight EIN3/EIL genes were cloned from Populus × xiaohei. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the PsnEIN3/EIL gene contained a highly conserved EIN3 domain, N-terminal sites rich in proline and glutamine, and other EIN3/EIL family structural characteristics. The results of a multi-species phylogenetic analysis showed that the family EIN3/EIL proteins were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). EIL3 and EIL4 belonged to groups A and B, while EIL2 and EIN3 generally belonged to group C. Analysis of tissue expression characteristics showed that PsnEIN3/EIL was expressed in different tissues and was involved in the development of stem nodes and leaves. The response analysis of the expression of PsnEIN3/EIL under abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses (salts, heavy metals, alkaline conditions, and drought) showed changes in expression, suggesting that PsnEIN3/EIL may be involved in the processes of plant hormone responses to salts, heavy metals, alkaline conditions, and drought. This study provides a foundation for further elucidation of the functions of EIN3/EIL genes in forest growth and development and abiotic stress responses.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma X, Li C, Yuan Y, Zhao M, Li J. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes LcXTH4/7/19 are involved in fruitlet abscission and are activated by LcEIL2/3 in litchi. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:1136-1146. [PMID: 34302699 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ abscission in plants requires the hydrolysis of cell wall components, mainly including celluloses, pectins, and xyloglucans. However, how the genes that encode those hydrolytic enzymes are regulated and their function in abscission remains unclear. Previously we revealed that two cellulase genes LcCEL2/8 and two polygalacturonase genes LcPG1/2 were responsible for the degradation of celluloses and pectins, respectively, during fruitlet abscission in litchi. Here, we further identified three xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (LcXTH4, LcXTH7, LcXTH19) that are also involved in this process. Nineteen LcXTHs, named LcXTH1-19, were identified in the litchi genome. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR confirmed that LcXTH4/7/19 were significantly induced at the abscission zone (AZ) during fruitlet abscission in litchi. The GUS reporter driven by each promoter of LcXTH4/7/19 was specifically expressed at the floral abscission zone of Arabidopsis, and importantly ectopic expression of LcXTH19 in Arabidopsis resulted in precocious floral organ abscission. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter analysis showed that the expression of LcXTH4/7/19 could be directly activated by two ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like (EIL) transcription factors LcEIL2/3. Collectively, we propose that LcXTH4/7/19 are involved in fruitlet abscission, and LcEIL2/3-mediated transcriptional regulation of diverse cell wall hydrolytic genes is responsible for this process in litchi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma Y, Liu K, Zhang C, Lin F, Hu W, Jiang Y, Tao X, Han Y, Han L, Liu C. Comparative root transcriptome analysis of two soybean cultivars with different cadmium sensitivities reveals the underlying tolerance mechanisms. Genome 2021; 65:1-16. [PMID: 34648728 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Soybean can provide rich protein and fat and has great economic value worldwide. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal to organisms. It can accumulate in plants and be transmitted to the human body via the food chain. Cd is a serious threat to soybean development, particularly root growth. Some soybean cultivars present tolerant symptoms under Cd stress; however, the potential mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we optimized RNA-seq to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cd-sensitive (KUAI) and Cd-tolerant (KAIYU) soybean roots and compared the DEGs between KAIYU and KUAI. A total of 1506 and 1870 DEGs were identified in the roots of KUAI and KAIYU, respectively. Through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and gene function analyses, we found that genes related to antioxidants and sequestration were responsible for Cd tolerance in KAIYU. In addition, overexpression of Glyma11g02661, which encodes a heavy metal-transporting ATPase, significantly improved Cd tolerance in transgenic hairy roots. These results provide a preliminary understanding of the tolerance mechanisms in response to Cd stress in soybean root development and are of great importance in developing Cd-resistant soybean cultivars by using the identified DEGs through genetic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kuichen Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianliang Tao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yulin Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Litao Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang GL, Zheng MM, Tan AJ, Liu YT, Feng D, Lv SM. Research on the Mechanisms of Plant Enrichment and Detoxification of Cadmium. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10060544. [PMID: 34204395 PMCID: PMC8234526 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd), as one of the major environmentally toxic pollutants, has serious impacts on the growth, development, and physiological functions of plants and animals, leading to deterioration of environmental quality and threats to human health. Research on how plants absorb and transport Cd, as well as its enrichment and detoxification mechanisms, is of great significance to the development of phytoremediation technologies for ecological and environmental management. This article summarises the research progress on the enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in plants in recent years, including the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd in plants. The role of plant roots, compartmentalisation, chelation, antioxidation, stress, and osmotic adjustment in the process of plant Cd enrichment are discussed. Finally, problems are proposed to provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the further application of phytoremediation technology in the field of heavy metal pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Ai-Juan Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Dan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (M.-M.Z.); (A.-J.T.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Shi-Ming Lv
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1376-513-6919
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Tao Q, Li J, Guo X, Luo J, Jupa R, Liang Y, Li T. Ethylene-mediated apoplastic barriers development involved in cadmium accumulation in root of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:123729. [PMID: 33264898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is an important phytohormone for plant adaptation to heavy metal stress. However, the effects of ethylene on radial apoplastic transport of Cd remain elusive. This study investigated the role of ethylene on apoplastic barriers development and consequences for Cd uptake in Sedum alfredii. In response to Cd, endogenous ethylene production in hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) roots was decreased due to the down-regulated expressions of ethylene biosynthesis genes, while the opposite result was observed in non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE). Interestingly, the ethylene emission in HE was always higher than that in NHE, regardless of Cd concentrations. Results of exogenous application of ethylene biosynthesis precursor/inhibitor indicate that ethylene with high level would delay the formation of apoplastic barriers in HE through restraining phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and gene expressions related to lignin/suberin biosynthesis. Simultaneously, correlation analyses suggest that Cd-induced apoplastic barriers formation may be also regulated by ethylene signaling. By using an apoplastic bypass tracer and scanning ion-selected electrode, we observed that the delayed deposition of apoplastic barriers significantly promoted Cd influx in roots. Taken together, high endogenous ethylene in HE postponed the formation of apoplastic barriers and thus promoted the Cd accumulation in the apoplast of roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Radek Jupa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
López-Ruiz BA, Zluhan-Martínez E, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Interplay between Hormones and Several Abiotic Stress Conditions on Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root Development. Cells 2020; 9:E2576. [PMID: 33271980 PMCID: PMC7759812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adjust their growth to withstand several environmental conditions. The root is a crucial organ for plant survival as it is responsible for water and nutrient acquisition from the soil and has high phenotypic plasticity in response to a lack or excess of them. How plants sense and transduce their external conditions to achieve development, is still a matter of investigation and hormones play fundamental roles. Hormones are small molecules essential for plant growth and their function is modulated in response to stress environmental conditions and internal cues to adjust plant development. This review was motivated by the need to explore how Arabidopsis thaliana primary root differentially sense and transduce external conditions to modify its development and how hormone-mediated pathways contribute to achieve it. To accomplish this, we discuss available data of primary root growth phenotype under several hormone loss or gain of function mutants or exogenous application of compounds that affect hormone concentration in several abiotic stress conditions. This review shows how different hormones could promote or inhibit primary root development in A. thaliana depending on their growth in several environmental conditions. Interestingly, the only hormone that always acts as a promoter of primary root development is gibberellins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anabel López-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Westermann J, Koebke E, Lentz R, Hülskamp M, Boisson-Dernier A. A Comprehensive Toolkit for Quick and Easy Visualization of Marker Proteins, Protein-Protein Interactions and Cell Morphology in Marchantia polymorpha. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:569194. [PMID: 33178238 PMCID: PMC7593560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Even though stable genomic transformation of sporelings and thalli of Marchantia polymorpha is straightforward and efficient, numerous problems can arise during critical phases of the process such as efficient spore production, poor selection capacity of antibiotics or low transformation efficiency. It is therefore also desirable to establish quick methods not relying on stable transgenics to analyze the localization, interactions and functions of proteins of interest. The introduction of foreign DNA into living cells via biolistic mechanisms has been first reported roughly 30 years ago and has been commonly exploited in established plant model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we report the fast and reliable transient biolistic transformation of Marchantia thallus epidermal cells using fluorescent protein fusions. We present a catalog of fluorescent markers which can be readily used for tagging of a variety of subcellular compartments. Moreover, we report the functionality of the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in M. polymorpha with the example of the p-body markers MpDCP1/2. Finally, we provide standard staining procedures for live cell imaging in M. polymorpha, applicable to visualize cell boundaries or cellular structures, to complement or support protein localizations and to understand how results gained by transient transformations can be embedded in cell architecture and dynamics. Taken together, we offer a set of easy and quick tools for experiments that aim at understanding subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions and thus functions of proteins of interest in the emerging early diverging land plant model M. polymorpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aurélien Boisson-Dernier
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ma X, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Wang J, Li J, Zhao M. LcEIL2/3 are involved in fruitlet abscission via activating genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling in litchi. Plant J 2020; 103:1338-1350. [PMID: 32391616 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops are subject to precocious fruit abscission, during which the phytohormone ethylene (ET) acts as a major positive regulator. However, the molecular basis of ET-induced fruit abscission remains poorly understood. Here, we show that two ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like (EIL) homologs in litchi, LcEIL2 and LcEIL3, play a role in ET-activated fruitlet abscission. LcEIL2/3 were significantly upregulated in the fruit abscission zone (AZ) during the ET-induced fruitlet abscission in litchi. The presence of LcEIL2/3 in wild-type Arabidopsis and ein3 eil1 mutants can accelerate the floral organ abscission. Moreover, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual luciferase reporter analysis illustrated that LcEIL2/3 directly interacted with the gene promoters to activate the expression of cell wall remodeling genes LcCEL2/8 and LcPG1/2, and ET biosynthetic genes LcACS1/4/7 and LcACO2/3. Furthermore, we showed that LcPG1/2 were expressed in the floral abscission zone of Arabidopsis, and constitutive expression of LcPG2 in Arabidopsis promoted the floral organ abscission. In conclusion, we propose that LcEIL2/3 are involved in ET-induced fruitlet abscission via controlling expression of genes related to ET biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling in litchi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen J, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhao FJ. Protein phosphatase 2A alleviates cadmium toxicity by modulating ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1008-1022. [PMID: 31916592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is phytotoxic and detoxified primarily via phytochelatin (PC) complexation in Arabidopsis. Here, we explore Cd toxicity responses and defence mechanisms beyond the PC pathway using forward genetics approach. We isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana Cd-hypersensitive mutant, Cd-induced short root 1 (cdsr1) in the PC synthase mutant (cad1-3) background. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, we identified PP2A-4C as the causal gene for the mutant phenotype, which encodes a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Root and shoot growth of cdsr1 cad1-3 and cdsr1 were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild-type cad1-3 and Col-0. A mutant of the PP2A scaffolding subunit 1A was also more sensitive to Cd. PP2A-4C was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus and PP2A-4C expression was downregulated by Cd in cad1-3. PP2A enzyme activity was decreased in cdsr1 and cdsr1 cad1-3 under Cd stress. The expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes ACS2 and ACS6 was upregulated by Cd more in cad1-3 and cdsr1 cad1-3 than in Col-0 and the double mutant had a higher ACS activity. cdsr1 cad1-3 and cdsr1 overproduced ethylene under Cd stress. The results suggest that PP2A containing 1A and 4C subunits alleviates Cd-induced growth inhibition by modulating ethylene production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jin J, Duan J, Shan C, Mei Z, Chen H, Feng H, Zhu J, Cai W. Ethylene insensitive3-like2 (OsEIL2) confers stress sensitivity by regulating OsBURP16, the β subunit of polygalacturonase (PG1β-like) subfamily gene in rice. Plant Sci 2020; 292:110353. [PMID: 32005373 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors EIN3 (ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3) and EILs (EIN3-Likes) play important roles in plant development and defense responses; however, their mechanism in these processes remain unclear. Here, we report that OsEIL2, an EIN3-like transcription factor from rice (Oryza sativa), plays important roles in abiotic stress and leaf senescence. OsEIL2 is a nuclear-localized protein with transactivation activity in the C-terminus (amino acids 344-583) and can be induced by NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dark, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Transgenic plants of overexpressing OsEIL2 (OsEIL2-OX) show reduced tolerance to salt and drought stress compared with the controls. While the transgenic plants of overexpressing OsEIL2-RNA interference (OsEIL2-RNAi) exhibit enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stress compared with the controls. Moreover, seedlings of OsEIL2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibit delayed leaf development and an accelerated dark-induced senescence phenotype, whereas OsEIL2-RNAi plants display the opposite phenotype. We further found that OsEIL2 functions upstream of OsBURP14 and OsBURP16. OsBURP14 and OsBURP16 are the members of the β subunit of polygalacturonase subfamilies. OsBURP16 overexpression reduced pectin content and cell adhesion and increased abiotic stress sensitivity in rice. OsEIL2 binds directly to the promoter of OsBURP14 and OsBURP16 and activates their transcript levels. We also found that OsEIL2 overexpression decreased the pectin content by increasing polygalacturonase (PG) activity. Taken together, these results revealed a new mechanism of OsEIL2 in abiotic stress responses. These findings provide new insights into plant resistance to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Chi Shan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Zhiling Mei
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huafeng Feng
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Wang Y, Luo L, Ma M, Zhang C, Han Y, Beeckman T, Xu G, Cai Q, Xuan W. Cadmium stress suppresses lateral root formation by interfering with the root clock. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:3182-3196. [PMID: 31369162 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A biological clock activated by oscillating signals, known as root clock, has been linked to lateral root (LR) formation and is essential for regular LR spacing along the primary root. However, it remains unclear how this internal mechanism is influenced by environmental factors known to affect the LR pattern. Here, we report that excessive cadmium (Cd) inhibits LR formation by disrupting the lateral root cap (LRC)-programmed cell death (PCD)-regulated root clock. Cd restricts the frequency of the oscillating signal rather than its amplitude. This could be attributed to the inhibition on meristematic activity by Cd, which resulted in decreased LRC cell number and LRC-PCD frequency. Genetic evidence further showed that LRC cell number is positively correlated with root resistance to Cd. Our study reveals root cap dynamics as a novel mechanism mediating root responses to Cd, providing insight into the signalling pathways of the root clock responding to environmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Long Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingsheng Cai
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Demecsová L, Tamás L. Reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in metal-stressed roots: toxicity or defence. Biometals 2019; 32:717-744. [PMID: 31541378 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presented review is a summary on the current knowledge about metal induced stress response in plants, focusing on the roles of reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in roots. The article focuses mainly on the difference between defence and toxicity symptoms of roots during metal-induced stress. Nowadays, pollution of soils by heavy metals is a rapidly growing issue, which affects agriculture and human health. In order to deal with these problems, we must first understand the basic mechanisms and responses to environmental conditions in plants growing under such conditions. Studies so far show somewhat conflicting data, interpreting the same stress responses as both symptoms of defence and toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give a report about current knowledge of heavy metal-induced stress research, and also to differentiate between toxicity and defence, and outline the challenges of research, focusing on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, auxin, and the interplay among them. There are still remaining questions on how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as auxin, can activate either symptoms of toxicity or defence, and adaptation responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huybrechts M, Cuypers A, Deckers J, Iven V, Vandionant S, Jozefczak M, Hendrix S. Cadmium and Plant Development: An Agony from Seed to Seed. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163971. [PMID: 31443183 PMCID: PMC6718997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) should receive adequate attention as Cd accumulation in crops endangers human health. When Cd is present in the soil, plants are exposed to it throughout their entire life cycle. As it is a non-essential element, no specific Cd uptake mechanisms are present. Therefore, Cd enters the plant through transporters for essential elements and consequently disturbs plant growth and development. In this review, we will focus on the effects of Cd on the most important events of a plant's life cycle covering seed germination, the vegetative phase and the reproduction phase. Within the vegetative phase, the disturbance of the cell cycle by Cd is highlighted with special emphasis on endoreduplication, DNA damage and its relation to cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss the cell wall as an important structure in retaining Cd and the ability of plants to actively modify the cell wall to increase Cd tolerance. As Cd is known to affect concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytohormones, special emphasis is put on the involvement of these compounds in plant developmental processes. Lastly, possible future research areas are put forward and a general conclusion is drawn, revealing that Cd is agonizing for all stages of plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jana Deckers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Verena Iven
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vandionant
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marijke Jozefczak
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu C, Li J, Zhu P, Yu J, Hou J, Wang C, Long D, Yu M, Zhao A. Mulberry EIL3 confers salt and drought tolerances and modulates ethylene biosynthetic gene expression. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6391. [PMID: 30809434 PMCID: PMC6385683 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene regulates plant abiotic stress responses and tolerances, and ethylene-insensitive3 (EIN3)/EIN3-like (EIL) proteins are the key components of ethylene signal transduction. Although the functions of EIN3/EIL proteins in response to abiotic stresses have been investigated in model plants, little is known in non-model plants, including mulberry (Morus L.), which is an economically important perennial woody plant. We functionally characterized a gene encoding an EIN3-like protein from mulberry, designated as MnEIL3. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of MnEIL3 could be induced in roots and shoot by salt and drought stresses. Arabidopsis overexpressing MnEIL3 exhibited an enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses. MnEIL3 overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly upregulated the transcript abundances of ethylene biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, MnEIL3 enhanced the activities of the MnACO1 and MnACS1 promoters, which respond to salt and drought stresses. Thus, MnEIL3 may play important roles in tolerance to abiotic stresses and the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China.,Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiamin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dingpei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China
| | - Maode Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|