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Cernusak LA, Wong SC, Stuart-Williams H, Márquez DA, Pontarin N, Farquhar GD. Unsaturation in the air spaces of leaves and its implications. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38867619 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Modern plant physiological theory stipulates that the resistance to water movement from plants to the atmosphere is overwhelmingly dominated by stomata. This conception necessitates a corollary assumption-that the air spaces in leaves must be nearly saturated with water vapour; that is, with a relative humidity that does not decline materially below unity. As this idea became progressively engrained in scientific discourse and textbooks over the last century, observations inconsistent with this corollary assumption were occasionally reported. Yet, evidence of unsaturation gained little traction, with acceptance of the prevailing framework motivated by three considerations: (1) leaf water potentials measured by either thermocouple psychrometry or the Scholander pressure chamber are largely consistent with the framework; (2) being able to assume near saturation of intercellular air spaces was transformational to leaf gas exchange analysis; and (3) there has been no obvious mechanism to explain a variable, liquid-phase resistance in the leaf mesophyll. Here, we review the evidence that refutes the assumption of universal, near saturation of air spaces in leaves. Refining the prevailing paradigm with respect to this assumption provides opportunities for identifying and developing mechanisms for increased plant productivity in the face of increasing evaporative demand imposed by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suan Chin Wong
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hilary Stuart-Williams
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Diego A Márquez
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicole Pontarin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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2
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Mukherjee S, Roy S, Corpas FJ. Aquaporins: a vital nexus in H 2O 2-gasotransmitter signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:681-693. [PMID: 38199830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved with a complex mechanism of water uptake facilitated by the activity of aquaporins under normal and challenging environments. However, we lack a clear understanding of its interactions with reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), under oxidative stress. Here, we assess the crosstalk of aquaporin function, H2O2 homeostasis, and NO-H2S signaling in plants and provide a computational prediction of cysteine-based oxidative post-translational modifications (oxiPTMs) in plant aquaporins. We propose that aquaporin activity could be regulated by three major oxiPTMs, S-nitrosation, S-sulfenylation, and persulfidation, mediated by NO, H2O2, and H2S, respectively. Therefore, aquaporins might be key players in the gasotransmitter-mediated long-distance oxidative stress signals in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council), Granada, Spain.
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3
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Ding L, Fox AR, Chaumont F. Multifaceted role and regulation of aquaporins for efficient stomatal movements. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38742465 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stomata are micropores on the leaf epidermis that allow carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake for photosynthesis at the expense of water loss through transpiration. Stomata coordinate the plant gas exchange of carbon and water with the atmosphere through their opening and closing dynamics. In the context of global climate change, it is essential to better understand the mechanism of stomatal movements under different environmental stimuli. Aquaporins (AQPs) are considered important regulators of stomatal movements by contributing to membrane diffusion of water, CO2 and hydrogen peroxide. This review compiles the most recent findings and discusses future directions to update our knowledge of the role of AQPs in stomatal movements. After highlighting the role of subsidiary cells (SCs), which contribute to the high water use efficiency of grass stomata, we explore the expression of AQP genes in guard cells and SCs. We then focus on the cellular regulation of AQP activity at the protein level in stomata. After introducing their post-translational modifications, we detail their trafficking as well as their physical interaction with various partners that regulate AQP subcellular dynamics towards and within specific regions of the cell membranes, such as microdomains and membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ana Romina Fox
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Patel J, Khatri K, Khandwal D, Gupta NK, Choudhary B, Hapani D, Koshiya J, Syed SN, Phillips DW, Jones HD, Mishra A. Modulation of physio-biochemical and photosynthesis parameters by overexpressing SbPIP2 gene improved abiotic stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14384. [PMID: 38859697 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the potential of a plasma-membrane localized PIP2-type aquaporin protein sourced from the halophyte Salicornia brachiata to alleviate salinity and water deficit stress tolerance in a model plant through transgenic intervention. Transgenic plants overexpressing SbPIP2 gene showed improved physio-biochemical parameters like increased osmolytes (proline, total sugar, and amino acids), antioxidants (polyphenols), pigments and membrane stability under salinity and drought stresses compared to control plants [wild type (WT) and vector control (VC) plants]. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that, under water and salinity stresses, osmolytes, antioxidants and pigments were correlated with SbPIP2-overexpressing (SbPIP2-OE) plants treated with salinity and water deficit stress, suggesting their involvement in stress tolerance. As aquaporins are also involved in CO2 transport, SbPIP2-OE plants showed enhanced photosynthesis performance than wild type upon salinity and drought stresses. Photosynthetic gas exchange (net CO2 assimilation rate, PSII efficiency, ETR, and non-photochemical quenching) were significantly higher in SbPIP2-OE plants compared to control plants (wild type and vector control plants) under both unstressed and stressed conditions. The higher quantum yield for reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side [Φ( R0 )] in SbPIP2-OE plants compared to control plants under abiotic stresses indicates a continued PSI functioning, leading to retained electron transport rate, higher carbon assimilation, and less ROS-mediated injuries. In conclusion, the SbPIP2 gene functionally validated in the present study could be a potential candidate for engineering abiotic stress resilience in important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaykumar Patel
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kusum Khatri
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Deepesh Khandwal
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nirmala Kumari Gupta
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Babita Choudhary
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Divya Hapani
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Jignasha Koshiya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Saif Najam Syed
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dylan Wyn Phillips
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Dylan Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Avinash Mishra
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Yao X, Mu Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Zou S, Chen X, Lu K, Dong H. AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;4 Cooperatively Mediate H 2O 2 Transport to Regulate Plant Growth and Disease Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1018. [PMID: 38611547 PMCID: PMC11013698 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The rapid production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a hallmark of plants' successful recognition of pathogen infection and plays a crucial role in innate immune signaling. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of small molecular compounds across cell membranes. In plants, AQPs from the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family are utilized for the transport of H2O2, thereby regulating various biological processes. Plants contain two PIP families, PIP1s and PIP2s. However, the specific functions and relationships between these subfamilies in plant growth and immunity remain largely unknown. In this study, we explore the synergistic role of AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;4 in regulating plant growth and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. We found that in plant cells treated with H2O2, AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;4 act as facilitators of H2O2 across membranes and the translocation of externally applied H2O2 from the apoplast to the cytoplasm. Moreover, AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;4 collaborate to transport bacterial pathogens and flg22-induced apoplastic H2O2 into the cytoplasm, leading to increased callose deposition and enhanced defense gene expression to strengthen immunity. These findings suggest that AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;4 cooperatively mediate H2O2 transport to regulate plant growth and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanjie Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Qingdao King Agroot Crop Science, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kai Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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6
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Guo Z, Wei M, Xu C, Wang L, Li J, Liu J, Zhong Y, Chi B, Song S, Zhang L, Song L, Ma D, Zheng HL. Genome-wide identification of Avicennia marina aquaporins reveals their role in adaptation to intertidal habitats and their relevance to salt secretion and vivipary. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:832-853. [PMID: 37984066 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) regulate the transport of water and other substrates, aiding plants in adapting to stressful environments. However, the knowledge of AQPs in salt-secreting and viviparous Avicennia marina is limited. In this study, 46 AmAQPs were identified in A. marina genome, and their subcellular localisation and function in transporting H2 O2 and boron were assessed through bioinformatics analysis and yeast transformation. Through analysing their expression patterns via RNAseq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that most AmAQPs were downregulated in response to salt and tidal flooding. AmPIP (1;1, 1;7, 2;8, 2;9) and AmTIP (1;5, 1;6) as salt-tolerant candidate genes may contribute to salt secretion together with Na+ /H+ antiporters. AmPIP2;1 and AmTIP1;5 were upregulated during tidal flooding and may be regulated by anaerobic-responsive element and ethylene-responsive element cis-elements, aiding in adaptation to tidal inundation. Additionally, we found that the loss of the seed desiccation and dormancy-related TIP3 gene, and the loss of the seed dormancy regulator DOG1 gene, or DOG1 protein lack heme-binding capacity, may be genetic factors contributing to vivipary. Our findings shed light on the role of AQPs in A. marina adaptation to intertidal environments and their relevance to salt secretion and vivipary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youhui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingjie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongna Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Zhou L, Xiang X, Ji D, Chen Q, Ma T, Wang J, Liu C. A Carbonic Anhydrase, ZmCA4, Contributes to Photosynthetic Efficiency and Modulates CO2 Signaling Gene Expression by Interacting with Aquaporin ZmPIP2;6 in Maize. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:243-258. [PMID: 37955399 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible CO2 hydration reaction that produces bicarbonate for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). This is the initial step for transmitting the CO2 signal in C4 photosynthesis. However, it remains unknown whether the maize (Zea mays L.) CA gene, ZmCA4, plays a role in the maize photosynthesis process. In our study, we found that ZmCA4 was relatively highly expressed in leaves and localized in the chloroplast and the plasma membrane of mesophyll protoplasts. Knock-out of ZmCA4 reduced CA activity, while overexpression of ZmCA4 increased rubisco activity, as well as the quantum yield and relative electron transport rate in photosystem II. Overexpression of ZmCA4 enhanced maize yield-related traits. Moreover, ZmCA4 interacted with aquaporin ZmPIP2;6 in bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The double-knock-out mutant for ZmPIP2;6 and ZmCA4 genes showed reductions in its growth, CA and PEPC activities, assimilation rate and photosystem activity. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the expression of other ZmCAs, ZmPIPs, as well as CO2 signaling pathway homologous genes, and photosynthetic-related genes was all altered in the double-knock-out mutant compared with the wild type. Altogether, our study's findings point to a critical role of ZmCA4 in determining photosynthetic capacity and modulating CO2 signaling regulation via its interaction with ZmPIP2;6, thus providing insight into the potential genetic value of ZmCA4 for maize yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xiang
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongpu Ji
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiulan Chen
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiuguang Wang
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaoxian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Ahmed J, Ismail A, Ding L, Yool AJ, Chaumont F. A new method to measure aquaporin-facilitated membrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and cations in plant suspension cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:527-539. [PMID: 37946673 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the membrane diffusion of water and small solutes, including hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and, possibly, cations, essential signalling molecules in many physiological processes. While the determination of the channel activity generally depends on heterologous expression of AQPs in Xenopus oocytes or yeast cells, we established a genetic tool to determine whether they facilitate the diffusion of H2 O2 through the plasma membrane in living plant cells. We designed genetic constructs to co-express the fluorescent H2 O2 sensor HyPer and AQPs, with expression controlled by a heat shock-inducible promoter in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. After induction of ZmPIP2;5 AQP expression, a HyPer signal was recorded when the cells were incubated with H2 O2 , suggesting that ZmPIP2;5 facilitates H2 O2 transmembrane diffusion; in contrast, the ZmPIP2;5W85A mutated protein was inactive as a water or H2 O2 channel. ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4 and AtPIP2;1 also facilitated H2 O2 diffusion. Incubation with abscisic acid and the elicitor flg22 peptide induced the intracellular H2 O2 accumulation in BY-2 cells expressing ZmPIP2;5. We also monitored cation channel activity of ZmPIP2;5 using a novel fluorescent photo-switchable Li+ sensor in BY-2 cells. BY-2 suspension cells engineered for inducible expression of AQPs as well as HyPer expression and the use of Li+ sensors constitute a powerful toolkit for evaluating the transport activity and the molecular determinants of PIPs in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahed Ahmed
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrea J Yool
- School of Biomedicine, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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9
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Suslov M, Daminova A, Egorov J. Real-Time Dynamics of Water Transport in the Roots of Intact Maize Plants in Response to Water Stress: The Role of Aquaporins and the Contribution of Different Water Transport Pathways. Cells 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38247845 PMCID: PMC10814095 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Using an original methodological and technical approach, we studied the real-time dynamics of radial water transfer in roots and transpiration rate in intact maize plants in response to water stress. It was shown that the response of maize plants to water stress, induced by 10% PEG 6000, was accompanied by changes in the intensity and redistribution of water transfer along different pathways of radial water transport in the roots. It was shown that during the first minutes of water stress impact, the intensity of transcellular and symplastic water transport in the roots decreased with a parallel short-term increase in the transpiration rate in leaves and, presumably, in apoplastic transport in roots. Further, after a decrease in transpiration rate, the intensity of transcellular and symplastic water transport was restored to approximately the initial values and was accompanied by parallel upregulation of some PIP aquaporin genes in roots and leaves, changes in aquaporin localization in root tissues, and changes in xylem sap pH. Under water stress conditions, cell-to-cell water transport in roots becomes dominant, and aquaporins contribute to the simultaneous regulation of water transport in roots and shoots under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Suslov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
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10
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Gal A, Dalal A, Anfang M, Sharma D, Binenbaum J, Muchaki P, Kumar R, Egbaria A, Duarte KE, Kelly G, de Souza WR, Sade N. Plasma membrane aquaporins regulate root hydraulic conductivity in the model plant Setaria viridis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2640-2660. [PMID: 37607257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of productivity observed in panicoid crops is in part due to their extensive root system. Recently, green foxtail (Setaria viridis) has emerged as a genetic model system for panicoid grasses. Natural accessions of S. viridis originating from different parts of the world, with differential leaf physiological behavior, have been identified. This work focused on understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms controlling root hydraulic conductivity and root-to-shoot gas exchange signaling in S. viridis. We identified 2 accessions, SHA and ZHA, with contrasting behavior at the leaf, root, and whole-plant levels. Our results indicated a role for root aquaporin (AQP) plasma membrane (PM) intrinsic proteins in the differential behavior of SHA and ZHA. Moreover, a different root hydraulic response to low levels of abscisic acid between SHA and ZHA was observed, which was associated with root AQPs. Using cell imaging, biochemical, and reverse genetic approaches, we identified PM intrinsic protein 1;6 (PIP1;6) as a possible PIP1 candidate that regulates radial root hydraulics and root-to-shoot signaling of gas exchange in S. viridis. In heterologous systems, PIP1;6 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and upon interaction with PIP2s, relocalization to the PM was observed. PIP1;6 was predominantly expressed at the root endodermis. Generation of knockout PIP1;6 plants (KO-PIP1;6) in S. viridis showed altered root hydraulic conductivity, altered gas exchange, and alteration of root transcriptional patterns. Our results indicate that PIPs are essential in regulating whole-plant water homeostasis in S. viridis. We conclude that root hydraulic conductivity and gas exchange are positively associated and are regulated by AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atara Gal
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moran Anfang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Davinder Sharma
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jenia Binenbaum
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Purity Muchaki
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karoline Estefani Duarte
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210170, Brazil
| | - Gilor Kelly
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Le-Zion 7505101, Israel
| | - Wagner Rodrigo de Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210170, Brazil
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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11
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Al-Huqail AA, Rizwan A, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Sakit Al-Haithloul HA, Alghanem SMS, Usman M, Majid N, Hamoud YA, Rizwan M, Abeed AA. Effect of exogenous application of biogenic silicon sources on growth, yield, and ionic homeostasis of maize (Zea mays L.) crops cultivated in alkaline soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140019. [PMID: 37657700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has emerged as a major threat to food security and safety around the globe. The crop production on agricultural lands is squeezing due to aridity, climate change and low quality of irrigation water. The present study investigated the effect of biogenic silicon (Si) sources including wheat straw biochar (BC-ws), cotton stick biochar (BC-cs), rice husk feedstock (RH-fs), and sugarcane bagasse (SB), on the growth of two consecutive maize (Zea mays L.) crops in alkaline calcareous soil. The application of SB increased the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2 concentration by 104, 100, 55, and 16% in maize 1 and 140, 136, 76, and 22% in maize 2 respectively. Maximum yield (g/pot) of cob, straw, and root were remained as 39.5, 110.7, and 23.6 while 39.4, 113.2, and 23.6 in maize 1 and 2 respectively with the application of SB. The concentration of phosphorus (P) in roots, shoots, and cobs was increased by 157, 173, and 78% for maize 1 while 96, 224, and 161% for maize 2 respectively over control by applying SB. The plant cationic ratios (Mg:Na, Ca:Na, K:Na) were maximum in the SB applied treatment in maize 1 and 2. The study concluded that the application of SB on the basis of soluble Si, as a biogenic source, remained the best in alleviating the salt stress and enhancing the growth of maize in rotation. The field trials will be more interesting to recommend the farmer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Rizwan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Majid
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils (Soil CRC), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Hydrology and Water Recourses, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - AmanyH A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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12
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Li Q, Li M, Ma H, Xue M, Chen T, Ding X, Zhang S, Xiao J. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Sodium Bicarbonate Responsiveness of Glycine max. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1520. [PMID: 37892202 PMCID: PMC10605096 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate stress caused by NaHCO3 is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide. However, little attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to sodium bicarbonate stress. To understand phosphorylation events in signaling pathways triggered by sodium bicarbonate stress, TMT-labeling-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were performed on soybean leaf and root tissues under 50 mM NaHCO3 treatment. In the present study, a total of 7856 phosphopeptides were identified from cultivated soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.), representing 3468 phosphoprotein groups, in which 2427 phosphoprotein groups were newly identified. These phosphoprotein groups contained 6326 unique high-probability phosphosites (UHPs), of which 77.2% were newly identified, increasing the current soybean phosphosite database size by 43.4%. Among the phosphopeptides found in this study, we determined 67 phosphopeptides (representing 63 phosphoprotein groups) from leaf tissue and 554 phosphopeptides (representing 487 phosphoprotein groups) from root tissue that showed significant changes in phosphorylation levels under sodium bicarbonate stress (fold change >1.2 or <0.83, respectively; p < 0.05). Localization prediction showed that most phosphoproteins localized in the nucleus for both leaf and root tissues. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed quite different enriched functional terms between leaf and root tissues, and more pathways were enriched in the root tissue than in the leaf tissue. Moreover, a total of 53 different protein kinases and 7 protein phosphatases were identified from the differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPs). A protein kinase/phosphatase interactor analysis showed that the interacting proteins were mainly involved in/with transporters/membrane trafficking, transcriptional level regulation, protein level regulation, signaling/stress response, and miscellaneous functions. The results presented in this study reveal insights into the function of post-translational modification in plant responses to sodium bicarbonate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Minglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huiying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Man Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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13
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Byrt CS, Zhang RY, Magrath I, Chan KX, De Rosa A, McGaughey S. Exploring aquaporin functions during changes in leaf water potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213454. [PMID: 37615024 PMCID: PMC10442719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of optimal leaf tissue humidity is important for plant productivity and food security. Leaf humidity is influenced by soil and atmospheric water availability, by transpiration and by the coordination of water flux across cell membranes throughout the plant. Flux of water and solutes across plant cell membranes is influenced by the function of aquaporin proteins. Plants have numerous aquaporin proteins required for a multitude of physiological roles in various plant tissues and the membrane flux contribution of each aquaporin can be regulated by changes in protein abundance, gating, localisation, post-translational modifications, protein:protein interactions and aquaporin stoichiometry. Resolving which aquaporins are candidates for influencing leaf humidity and determining how their regulation impacts changes in leaf cell solute flux and leaf cavity humidity is challenging. This challenge involves resolving the dynamics of the cell membrane aquaporin abundance, aquaporin sub-cellular localisation and location-specific post-translational regulation of aquaporins in membranes of leaf cells during plant responses to changes in water availability and determining the influence of cell signalling on aquaporin permeability to a range of relevant solutes, as well as determining aquaporin influence on cell signalling. Here we review recent developments, current challenges and suggest open opportunities for assessing the role of aquaporins in leaf substomatal cavity humidity regulation.
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14
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He R, Su H, Wang X, Ren Z, Zhang K, Feng T, Zhang M, Li Z, Li L, Zhuang J, Gong Z, Zhou Y, Duan L. Coronatine promotes maize water uptake by directly binding to the aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 and enhancing its activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:703-720. [PMID: 36511119 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water uptake is crucial for crop growth and development and drought stress tolerance. The water channel aquaporins (AQP) play important roles in plant water uptake. Here, we discovered that a jasmonic acid analog, coronatine (COR), enhanced maize (Zea mays) root water uptake capacity under artificial water deficiency conditions. COR treatment induced the expression of the AQP gene Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;5 (ZmPIP2;5). In vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that COR also directly acts on ZmPIP2;5 to improve water uptake in maize and Xenopus oocytes. The leaf water potential and hydraulic conductivity of roots growing under hyperosmotic conditions were higher in ZmPIP2;5-overexpression lines and lower in the zmpip2;5 knockout mutant, compared to wild-type plants. Based on a comparison between ZmPIP2;5 and other PIP2s, we predicted that COR may bind to the functional site in loop E of ZmPIP2;5. We confirmed this prediction by surface plasmon resonance technology and a microscale thermophoresis assay, and showed that deleting the binding motif greatly reduced COR binding. We identified the N241 residue as the COR-specific binding site, which may activate the channel of the AQP tetramer and increase water transport activity, which may facilitate water uptake under hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiqing Su
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Legong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junhong Zhuang
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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15
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Verslues PE, Bailey-Serres J, Brodersen C, Buckley TN, Conti L, Christmann A, Dinneny JR, Grill E, Hayes S, Heckman RW, Hsu PK, Juenger TE, Mas P, Munnik T, Nelissen H, Sack L, Schroeder JI, Testerink C, Tyerman SD, Umezawa T, Wigge PA. Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:67-108. [PMID: 36018271 PMCID: PMC9806664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Christmann
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Center Excellence, Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 6708 PB, Japan
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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16
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Paluch-Lubawa E, Prosicka B, Polcyn W. Expression patterns of maize PIP aquaporins in middle or upper leaves correlate with their different physiological responses to drought and mycorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056992. [PMID: 36589078 PMCID: PMC9798212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on maize leaf expression of six plasma membrane aquaporin isoforms from PIP1 and PIP2 subfamilies under severe drought development and recovery. The novelty of our study is the finding that leaf-specific mycorrhizal regulation of aquaporins is dependent on the position of the leaf on the shoot and changes in parallel with the rate of photosynthesis and the stomatal response to drought. The transcripts were isolated from the upper third (L3) or ear (L5) leaf, which differed greatly in physiological response to stress within each symbiotic variant. Aquaporins expression in upper L3 leaves appeared to be largely not sensitive to drought, regardless of symbiotic status. In contrast, L5 leaf of non-mycorrhizal plants, showed strong down-regulation of all PIPs. Mycorrhiza, however, protected L5 leaf from such limitation, which under maximal stress was manifested by 6-fold and circa 4-fold higher transcripts level for PIP1s and PIP2s, respectively. Distinct expression patterns of L3 and L5 leaves corresponded to differences in key parameters of leaf homeostasis - stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates, and accumulation of ABA and SA as phytohormonal indicators of drought stress. In result symbiotic plants showed faster restoration of photosynthetic capability, regardless of leaf position, which we recognize as the hallmark of better stress tolerance. In summary, arbuscular mycorrhiza alleviates short-term drought effects on maize by preventing the down-regulation of plasma membrane aquaporins within middle leaves, thereby affecting stomatal conductance.
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