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How Do Mexican Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Define Sexual and Reproductive Health? A Content Analysis Study. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:305-313. [PMID: 35612587 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A patient-centered approach is essential for promoting sexual health (SH) and reproductive health (RH) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The study aimed to describe and interpret Mexican rheumatoid arthritis outpatients' testimonies of their SH and RH definitions. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted on free-text comments from 219 and 223 descriptions of patients' SH and RH definitions, respectively. A comprehensive system of major themes, categories, and subcategories was structured for each definition. The representational foundations of these categories and the context of their production were analyzed. Integration of quantitative and qualitative content analysis was used to comprehend patients' definitions of SH and RH. Internal review board approved the study. RESULTS Ten major themes emerged for each definition, and their assigned frequencies differed between SH and RH definitions, and between groups of patients integrated according to age, education level, and sex. Both definitions had similar contents, expressed in the shared major themes and categories, and in managing at the same time SH- and RH-related contents within each definition. The "overall prevention-patient oriented care" major theme defined a common core for both definitions' contents. Meanwhile, a diversity of meanings was also evident particularly at the subcategory level. CONCLUSIONS In our population, SH content was distinguished by related diseases and their consequences, individual actions directed to prevention, and couple mentions. Meanwhile, RH was distinguished by a primarily biological perspective of the reproductive function, which was required at a particular life stage to concrete a family project.
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Mbengo F, Zgambo M, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Kalembo FW, Honda T, Shimpuku Y, Chen S. Systematic review protocol of the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for reducing risky sexual behaviour among youth globally. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056929. [PMID: 35568486 PMCID: PMC9109094 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention interventions focused at reducing risky sexual behaviours are an important strategy for preventing HIV infection among youth (15-24 years) who continue to be vulnerable to the disease. This systematic review aims to synthesise current global evidence on the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for reducing risky sexual behaviour among youth in the last decade. METHODS AND ANALYSIS MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ProQuest Central, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and reference lists of included studies and systematic reviews on effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for reducing risky sexual behaviour among youth will be searched for articles published from August 2011 to August 2021. Eligible studies will be longitudinal studies including randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that examined the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions among youth populations (15-24 years) with risky sexual behaviour as a primary or secondary outcome. Study selection and quality assessment will be undertaken independently by three reviewers and disagreements will be resolved through consensus. Data analysis will be undertaken using RevMan software V.5.3.3. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted to report heterogeneous data where statistical pooling is achievable. We will use I2 statistics to test for heterogeneity. Where appropriate, a funnel plot will be generated to assess publication bias. Where statistical pooling is unachievable, the findings will be reported in a narrative form, together with tables and figures to assist in data presentation if required. Reporting of the systematic review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required. Findings of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will be of interest to researchers, healthcare practitioners and policymakers. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021271774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fungai Mbengo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | - Maggie Zgambo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Fatch Welcome Kalembo
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimpuku
- Global Health Nursing, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sanmei Chen
- Global Health Nursing, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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de Brito ES, Knauth DR, Brand ÉM, Calvo KDS, Vigo Á, Pilecco FB, Machado FV, de Teixeira MA, de Almeida FM, Hentges B, Silva DL, Teixeira LB. Factors Associated with HIV and Vulnerability Contexts for Women in Brazil. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3247-3256. [PMID: 33864176 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV and vulnerability contexts for women in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The participants were 1326 women recruited by complex sampling design, divided into two groups: 640 women with HIV (WLH) and 686 women who did not have HIV (WNLH). Gross and weighted statistical analyses were performed. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for 12 variables. The main results demonstrated that WLH had lower income (p < .001) and poorer education (p = .038), and few used condoms during their first sexual intercourse (p < .001). The occurrence of HIV was higher among the black population (p < .001). Sex in exchange for money (p < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (p < .001) were more frequent among WLH than among WNLH. The age of sexual debut and age difference from the partner at first sexual intercourse (FSI) were not associated with the outcome. The high percentage of non-use of condoms during the FSI shows how vulnerable individuals are right at the beginning of their sexual lives. More effective prevention strategies can be developed by nurses in view of the contexts of vulnerability surrounding women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Silveira de Brito
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Riva Knauth
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Évelin Maria Brand
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen da Silva Calvo
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Vigo
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávia Bulegon Pilecco
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico Viana Machado
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marsam Alves de Teixeira
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Franciele Moletta de Almeida
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hentges
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lodi Silva
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barcellos Teixeira
- Department of Collective Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-110, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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An Analysis of Sex Practices and Behaviors Among African Americans in Sexually Concurrent and Sexually Exclusive Relationships. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1923-1931. [PMID: 34405391 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically, sexually concurrent relationships have been associated with increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Due to socio-structural factors, African Americans (AAs) have higher rates of STIs compared to other racial groups and are more likely to engage in sexually concurrent (SC) relationships. Current research has challenged the assumption that SC is the only risky relationship type, suggesting that both SC and sexually exclusive (SE) relationships are at equal risk of STI and HIV acquisition and that both relationship types should engage in safer sex practices. This study aimed to compare sex practices and behaviors among AA men and women in SC and SE relationships (N = 652). Results demonstrate differences in sexual practices and behaviors between SC and SE men and women. Overall, SC and SE women report condom use with male partners less frequently than SC and SE men. SC men were more likely to report substance use during sex compared to SC and SE women. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use did not differ across groups. SE men were less likely to report STI testing and diagnosis compared to SC women. Findings support the need to focus on culturally and gender-specific safer sex interventions among AAs.
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de Munnik S, den Daas C, Ammerlaan HSM, Kok G, Raethke MS, Vervoort SCJM. Let's talk about sex: A qualitative study exploring the experiences of HIV nurses when discussing sexual risk behaviours with HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 76:55-61. [PMID: 28938103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite prevention efforts, the incidence of sexually transmitted infection among HIV-positive men who have sex with men remains high, which is indicative of unchanged sexual risk behaviour. Discussing sexual risk behaviour has been shown to help prevent sexually transmitted infections among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence whether - and how - specialised HIV nurses discuss sexual risk behaviour with HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Identifying these factors could indicate how best to improve the frequency and quality of discussions about sexual risk behaviour, thereby reducing sexual risk behaviour and sexually transmitted infections. DESIGN Qualitative study, focus groups among HIV nurses. SETTING Dutch HIV treatment centres. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample was taken of 25 out of 87 HIV nurses working in one of the 26 specialised HIV treatment centres in the Netherlands. Of the 25 HIV nurses we approached, 22 participate in our study. METHODS Three semi-structured focus group interviews were held with 22 HIV nurses from 17 hospitals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS HIV nurses agreed that discussing sexual risk behaviour is important, but barriers were experienced in relation to doing so. In accordance with the theory of planned behaviour, attitudes, perceived norms and perceived behavioural control were all found to be relevant variables. Barriers to discussing sexual risk behaviour were identified as: dealing with embarrassment, the changing professional role of an HIV nurse, time constraints, and the structure of the consultation. CONCLUSIONS To improve the frequency and quality of discussions about sexual risk behaviour with HIV-positive men who have sex with men, our data suggests it would be beneficial to support HIV nurses by developing tools and guidelines addressing what to discuss and how. Using a related topic as a conversational 'bridge' may help nurses to broach this subject with their patients. This would allow HIV nurses to discuss possible risk reduction strategies, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-negative partners, condom use, strategic positioning, or sero-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Munnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - C den Daas
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H S M Ammerlaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G Kok
- Department of Applied Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M S Raethke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S C J M Vervoort
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Intimate Partner Violence and PrEP Acceptability Among Low-Income, Young Black Women: Exploring the Mediating Role of Reproductive Coercion. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2261-2269. [PMID: 28409266 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A few studies suggest that women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are willing to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but no research has examined mediators of this relationship. The current study used path analysis to examine a phenomenon closely associated with IPV: reproductive coercion, or explicit male behaviors to promote pregnancy of a female partner without her knowledge or against her will. Birth control sabotage and pregnancy coercion-two subtypes of reproductive coercion behaviors-were examined as mediators of the relationship between IPV and PrEP acceptability among a cohort of 147 Black women 18-25 years of age recruited from community-based organizations in an urban city. IPV experiences were indirectly related to PrEP acceptability through birth control sabotage (indirect effect = 0.08; p < 0.05), but not to pregnancy coercion. Findings illustrate the importance of identifying and addressing reproductive coercion when assessing whether PrEP is clinically appropriate and a viable option to prevent HIV among women who experience IPV.
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Tenofovir Inhibits Wound Healing of Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts from the Upper and Lower Human Female Reproductive Tract. Sci Rep 2017; 8:45725. [PMID: 28368028 PMCID: PMC5377941 DOI: 10.1038/srep45725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the epithelium in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is hypothesized to increase HIV infection risk by interfering with barrier protection and facilitating HIV-target cell recruitment. Here we determined whether Tenofovir (TFV), used vaginally in HIV prevention trials, and Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), an improved prodrug of TFV, interfere with wound healing in the human FRT. TFV treatment of primary epithelial cells and fibroblasts from the endometrium (EM), endocervix (CX) and ectocervix (ECX) significantly delayed wound closure. Reestablishment of tight junctions was compromised in EM and CX epithelial cells even after wound closure occurred. In contrast, TAF had no inhibitory effect on wound closure or tight junction formation following injury. TAF accumulated inside genital epithelial cells as TFV-DP, the active drug form. At elevated levels of TAF treatment to match TFV intracellular TFV-DP concentrations, both equally impaired barrier function, while wound closure was more sensitive to TFV. Furthermore, TFV but not TAF increased elafin and MIP3a secretion following injury, molecules known to be chemotactic for HIV-target cells. Our results highlight the need of evaluating antiretroviral effects on genital wound healing in future clinical trials. A possible link between delayed wound healing and increased risk of HIV acquisition deserves further investigation.
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Brawner BM, Jemmott LS, Wingood G, Reason J, Daly B, Brooks K, Lanier Y. Feelings Matter: Depression Severity and Emotion Regulation in HIV/STI Risk-Related Sexual Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2017; 26:1635-1645. [PMID: 35979202 PMCID: PMC9380447 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-017-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention models may not address psychological complexities among adolescents with mental illnesses. This study examined contextual factors related to HIV/STI risk among heterosexually active Black adolescents with mental illnesses to inform the development of targeted HIV/STI prevention strategies. Black adolescent males and females (aged 14-17) were recruited from outpatient mental health programs in Philadelphia, PA to complete a computer-assisted personalized interview on sociodemographics, sexual behaviors, and emotion regulation (N = 53). Two sample t-tests, Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and regression modeling were used to examine differences in the study measures by gender and relationship status. Reports of sexual partner concurrency were high-both while already in a sexual relationship (67.3%) and multiple sexual partners in the same day (42.3%). Boys reported significantly more risk behaviors than girls. Sadness dysregulation predicted currently being in a relationship, older age at first oral sex, fewer vaginal sexual partners and fewer unprotected oral sexual encounters. Coping difficulties predicted a greater number of vaginal and oral sexual partners, and a lower age at first vaginal sex. Increasing depression severity was related to older age at first vaginal sex, fewer vaginal sexual partners and fewer unprotected oral sexual encounters in the past 3 months. This formative work suggests that coping mechanisms should be addressed in HIV/STI prevention research through the inclusion of activities targeted toward emotion regulation and decreasing sexual risk behaviors. Psycho-education and skills building may mitigate the psychopathology that contributes to HIV/STI risk in the target demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M Brawner
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd., 4th Floor, Room 419, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217
| | | | - Gina Wingood
- Public Health Promotion Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Janaiya Reason
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bridget Daly
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kiahana Brooks
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA
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Brawner BM, Fannin EF, Reason JL, Weissinger G. Addressing Unmet Sexual Health Needs among Black Adolescents with Mental Illnesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:75-91. [PMID: 29119132 DOI: 10.1353/bsr.2016.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in HIV epidemiologic and prevention research, adolescents with mental illnesses remain a historically underserved group with respect to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention resources. Black adolescents with mental illnesses in particular are a relatively underserved, hidden population in the field of sexual health. Strategies and guidelines are needed to account for underlying psychopathology among Black adolescents with mental illnesses in ways that current models have yet to address. In this paper, we propose several actionable mechanisms to better integrate HIV/STI and mental health related services and activities for sexual health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M Brawner
- Assistant Professor of Nursing, Center for Health Equity Research, Center for Global Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 419, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ehriel F Fannin
- Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Predoctoral Fellow (T32NR007100), Center for Health Equity Research, Center for Global Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
| | - Janaiya L Reason
- Research Coordinator, Center for Health Equity Research, Center for Global Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
| | - Guy Weissinger
- BSN-to-PhD Hillman Scholar, Center for Health Equity Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
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