1
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Park S, Lim YJ, Kim HS, Shin HJ, Kim JS, Lee JN, Lee JH, Bae S. Phloroglucinol Enhances Anagen Signaling and Alleviates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:812-827. [PMID: 38480001 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol (PG) is one of the abundant isomeric benzenetriols in brown algae. Due to its polyphenolic structure, PG exhibits various biological activities. However, the impact of PG on anagen signaling and oxidative stress in human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PG for improving hair loss. A non-cytotoxic concentration of PG increased anagen-inductive genes and transcriptional activities of β-Catenin. Since several anagen-inductive genes are regulated by β-Catenin, further experiments were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PG upregulates anagen signaling. Various biochemical analyses revealed that PG upregulated β-Catenin signaling without affecting the expression of Wnt. In particular, PG elevated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), leading to an increase in the inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) at serine 9. Treatment with the selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, restored the increased AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling and anagen-inductive proteins induced by PG. Moreover, conditioned medium from PG-treated HDPCs promoted the proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes via the AKT signaling pathway. Subsequently, we assessed the antioxidant activities of PG. PG ameliorated the elevated oxidative stress markers and improved the decreased anagen signaling in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced HDPCs. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay also demonstrated that the antioxidant abilities of PG effectively mitigated H2O2-induced senescence. Overall, these results indicate that PG potentially enhances anagen signaling and improves oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in HDPCs. Therefore, PG can be employed as a novel therapeutic component to ameliorate hair loss symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmuk Park
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Shin
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Nam Lee
- Department of Cosmetology, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pihl C, Bendtsen KMS, Jensen HE, Andersen F, Bjerring P, Haedersdal M, Lerche CM. Oral phytochemicals as photoprotectants in UVR exposed hairless mice: A study of hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 246:112760. [PMID: 37535996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is the primary risk factor for keratinocyte carcinoma. Because of increasing incidence rates, new methods of photoprotection must be explored. Oral supplementation with photoprotective compounds presents a promising alternative. Phytochemical compounds like hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid are particularly of interest because of their antioxidant properties. Our primary outcome was to evaluate the effects of oral phytochemicals on photocarcinogenesis with time until tumour onset as the primary endpoint. A total of 125 hairless C3.Cg-Hrhr/TifBom Tac mice were randomised to receive tap water supplemented with either 100 mg/kg hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, or syringic acid, 600 mg/kg nicotinamide as a positive control, or no supplementation. The mice were irradiated with 3.5 standard erythema doses thrice weekly to induce photocarcinogenesis. Supplementation with the phytochemicals phloroglucinol and syringic acid and nicotinamide delayed tumour onset from a median of 140 days to 151 (p = 0.036), 157 days (p = 0.02), and 178 (p = 2.7·10-5), respectively. Phloroglucinol and nicotinamide supplementation reduced tumour number. Nicotinamide increased UV-induced pigmentation and reduced oedema formation, while phloroglucinol supplementation reduced epidermal thickness. These results indicate that oral supplementation with phloroglucinol and syringic acid protects against photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice, but not to the same extent as nicotinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katja M S Bendtsen
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Dept of Dermatology, Private Hospital Molholm, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; Dept of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Dept of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Pradhan B, Ki JS. Antioxidant and chemotherapeutic efficacies of seaweed-derived phlorotannins in cancer treatment: A review regarding novel anticancer drugs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2067-2091. [PMID: 36971337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The ineffectiveness of traditional cancer therapies due to drug resistance, nontargeted delivery, and chemotherapy-associated adverse side effects has shifted attention to bioactive phytochemicals. Consequently, research efforts toward screening and identification of natural compounds with anticancer properties have increased in recent years. Marine seaweed-derived bioactive compounds, such as polyphenolic compounds, have exhibited anticancer properties. Phlorotannins (PTs), a major group of seaweed-derived polyphenolic compounds, have emerged as powerful chemopreventive and chemoprotective compounds, regulating apoptotic cell death pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In this context, this review focuses on the anticancer activity of polyphenols isolated from brown algae, with a special reference to PTs. Furthermore, we highlight the antioxidant effects of PTs and discuss how they can impact cell survival and tumor development and progression. Moreover, we discussed the potential therapeutic application of PTs as anticancer agents, having molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress reduction. We have also discussed patents or patent applications that apply PTs as major components of antioxidant and antitumor products. With this review, researcher may gain new insights into the potential novel role of PTs, as well as uncover a novel cancer-prevention mechanism and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar, 752101, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, South Korea
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4
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Deng J, Wu X, He W, Mu X, Nie X. Molecular mechanisms of Marine-Derived Natural Compounds as photoprotective strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109174. [PMID: 35998505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression, apoptosis, and changes in the extracellular matrix, which lead to the development of photoaging and photodamage of skin. At the molecular level, these pathological changes are mainly caused by the activation of related protein kinases and downstream transcription pathways, the increase of matrix metalloproteinase, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and the combined action of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. At present, the photostability, toxicity, and damage to marine ecosystems of most sun protection products in the market have affected their efficacy and safety. Another way is to use natural products produced by various marine species. Marine organisms have evolved a variety of molecular strategies to protect themselves from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, and their unique chemicals have attracted more and more attention in the research of photoprotection and photoaging resistance. This article provides an extensive description of the recent literature on the potential of Marine-Derived Natural Compounds (MDNCs) as photoprotective and photoprotective agents. It reviews the positive effects of MDNCs in counteracting UV-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix degradation. Some MDNCs have the potential to develop feasible solutions for related phenomena, such as photoaging and photodamage caused by UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
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5
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Li F, Yue TQ, Wang JM, Zhang HB. Externally Supplied Mannitol and Trehalose Boost Phloroglucinol Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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γ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion of Phloroglucinol: Solid State Studies and Antioxidant Activity throughout the Digestive Tract. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a powerful antioxidant compound and an active pharmaceutical ingredient used in the management of intestinal spasms. In this report, we describe the interaction of γ-cyclodextrin with phloroglucinol to readily form a solid inclusion compound with 1:1 by co-dissolution and freeze-drying. Solid-state characterisation using FT-IR, thermal analyses (TGA and DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the formation of a true inclusion compound (γ-CD·PG) in which the molecules of γ-CD are stacked into channels. This spatial arrangement is typical of γ-CD inclusion compounds, and it allows for the guest molecules to be located inside these channels. The evaluation of the antiradical potential of γ-CD·PG (against O2•− and NO•) on different steps of the digestive process (mouth, gastric and intestinal phases) led us to conclude that the inclusion of phloroglucinol promoted better antioxidant activity at the end of the digestion when compared to the free phloroglucinol.
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7
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Catarino MD, Amarante SJ, Mateus N, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Brown Algae Phlorotannins: A Marine Alternative to Break the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Network. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071478. [PMID: 34202184 PMCID: PMC8307260 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, cancer was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, making it the second global leading cause of death. The main risk factors that lead to the development of this disease include poor behavioral and dietary habits, such as tobacco use, alcohol use and lack of fruit and vegetable intake, or physical inactivity. In turn, it is well known that polyphenols are deeply implicated with the lower rates of cancer in populations that consume high levels of plant derived foods. In this field, phlorotannins have been under the spotlight in recent years since they have shown exceptional bioactive properties, with great interest for application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Among their multiple bioactive properties, phlorotannins have revealed the capacity to interfere with several biochemical mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis, which are central aspects in the pathogenesis of cancer. This versatility and ability to act either directly or indirectly at different stages and mechanisms of cancer growth make these compounds highly appealing for the development of new therapeutical strategies to address this world scourge. The present manuscript revises relevant studies focusing the effects of phlorotannins to counteract the oxidative stress-inflammation network, emphasizing their potential for application in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Sónia J. Amarante
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084
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8
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Vasilopoulou MΑ, Ioannou E, Roussis V, Chondrogianni N. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by marine natural products. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101897. [PMID: 33640701 PMCID: PMC7921624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a key player in the maintenance of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Since proteasome function declines upon aging leading to the acceleration of its progression and the manifestation of age-related pathologies, many attempts have been performed towards proteasome activation as a strategy to promote healthspan and longevity. The marine environment hosts a plethora of organisms that produce a vast array of primary and secondary metabolites, the majority of which are unique, exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activities. The fact that these biologically important compounds are also present in edible marine organisms has sparked the interest for elucidating their potential health-related applications. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-aggregation and anti-photoaging properties of various marine constituents. We further discuss representatives of marine compounds classes with regard to their potential (direct or indirect) action on UPS components that could serve as UPS modulators and exert beneficial effects on conditions such as oxidative stress, aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Α Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larisa, Greece.
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece.
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece.
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece.
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9
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Pangestuti R, Shin KH, Kim SK. Anti-Photoaging and Potential Skin Health Benefits of Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:172. [PMID: 33809936 PMCID: PMC8004118 DOI: 10.3390/md19030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin health benefits of seaweeds have been known since time immemorial. They are known as potential renewable sources of bioactive metabolites that have unique structural and functional features compared to their terrestrial counterparts. In addition, to the consciousness of green, eco-friendly, and natural skincare and cosmetics products, their extracts and bioactive compounds such as fucoidan, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoxanthin, and mycosporine like amino acids (MAAs) have proven useful in the skincare and cosmetic industries. These bioactive compounds have shown potential anti-photoaging properties. Furthermore, some of these bioactive compounds have been clinically tested and currently available in the market. In this contribution, the recent studies on anti-photoaging properties of extracts and bioactive compounds derived from seaweeds were described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Pangestuti
- Director of Research and Development Division for Marine Bio Industry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), West Nusa Tenggara 83352, Indonesia;
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department. of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 11558, Korea;
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department. of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 11558, Korea;
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Piao MJ, Kim KC, Kang KA, Fernando PDSM, Herath HMUL, Hyun JW. Phloroglucinol Attenuates Ultraviolet B-Induced 8-Oxoguanine Formation in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes through Akt and Erk-Mediated Nrf2/Ogg1 Signaling Pathways. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:90-97. [PMID: 32587122 PMCID: PMC7771840 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes DNA base modifications. One of these changes leads to the generation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) due to oxidative stress. In human skin, this modification may induce sunburn, inflammation, and aging and may ultimately result in cancer. We investigated whether phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), by enhancing the expression and activity of 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1), had an effect on the capacity of UVB-exposed human HaCaT keratinocytes to repair oxidative DNA damage. Here, the effects of phloroglucinol were investigated using a luciferase activity assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, western blot analysis, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Phloroglucinol restored Ogg1 activity and decreased the formation of 8-oxoG in UVB-exposed cells. Moreover, phloroglucinol increased Ogg1 transcription and protein expression, counteracting the UVB-induced reduction in Ogg1 levels. Phloroglucinol also enhanced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as Nrf2 binding to an antioxidant response element located in the Ogg1 gene promoter. UVB exposure inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), two major enzymes involved in cell protection against oxidative stress, regulating the activity of Nrf2. Akt and Erk phosphorylation was restored by phloroglucinol in the UVB-exposed keratinocytes. These results indicated that phloroglucinol attenuated UVB-induced 8-oxoG formation in keratinocytes via an Akt/Erk-dependent, Nrf2/Ogg1-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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11
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Milanović Ž, Tošović J, Marković S, Marković Z. Comparison of the scavenging capacities of phloroglucinol and 2,4,6-trihydroxypyridine towards HO˙ radical: a computational study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43262-43272. [PMID: 35519718 PMCID: PMC9058218 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work the scavenging capacities of biologically active phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, THB–OH) and structurally similar 2,4,6-trihydroxypyridine (THP–OH) towards HO˙ were examined. This task was realized by means of density functional theory, through investigation of all favorable antioxidative pathways in two solvents of different polarity: benzene and water. It was found that in benzene both compounds conform to the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and radical adduct formation (RAF) mechanisms. In water, the mechanisms of antioxidative action of the investigated compounds are far more complex, especially those of THB–OH. This compound and HO˙ undergo all four investigated mechanisms: HAT, RAF, sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), and single electron transfer-proton transfer (SET-PT). HAT, RAF and SPLET are operative mechanisms in the case of THP–OH. Independently of solvent polarity, both investigated compounds are more reactive towards HO˙ in comparison to Trolox. Our final remark is as follows: the electron-withdrawing effect of the nitrogen is stronger than the electron-donating effect of the OH groups in the molecule of THP–OH. As a consequence, THB–OH is more powerful antioxidant than THP–OH, thus implying that the presence of nitrogen decreases the scavenging capacity of the respective compound. The scavenging capacities of biologically active phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, THB–OH) and structurally similar 2,4,6-trihydroxypyridine (THP–OH) towards HO˙ were elucidated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac 12 Radoja Domanovića 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Jelena Tošović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac 12 Radoja Domanovića 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Svetlana Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac 12 Radoja Domanovića 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac Jovana Civijića bb 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
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12
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Park C, Cha HJ, Hong SH, Kim GY, Kim S, Kim HS, Kim BW, Jeon YJ, Choi YH. Protective Effect of Phloroglucinol on Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040225. [PMID: 31013932 PMCID: PMC6520966 DOI: 10.3390/md17040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol (PG) is a component of phlorotannins, which are abundant in marine brown alga species. Recent studies have shown that PG is beneficial in protecting cells from oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of PG in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes stimulated with oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2). The results showed that PG significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced growth inhibition in HaCaT cells, which was associated with increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). PG remarkably reversed H2O2-induced excessive ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Additionally, H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was related to a decrease in ATP levels, and in the presence of PG, these changes were significantly impaired. Furthermore, the increases of cytosolic release of cytochrome c and ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 by the H2O2 were markedly abolished under the condition of PG pretreatment. However, the inhibition of HO-1 function using zinc protoporphyrin, a HO-1 inhibitor, markedly attenuated these protective effects of PG against H2O2. Overall, our results suggest that PG is able to protect HaCaT keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea.
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Pangestuti R, Siahaan EA, Kim SK. Photoprotective Substances Derived from Marine Algae. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E399. [PMID: 30360482 PMCID: PMC6265938 DOI: 10.3390/md16110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae have received great attention as natural photoprotective agents due to their unique and exclusive bioactive substances which have been acquired as an adaptation to the extreme marine environment combine with a range of physical parameters. These photoprotective substances include mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Marine algal photoprotective substances exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbing, antioxidant, matrix-metalloproteinase inhibitors, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory activities. Hence, such unique bioactive substances derived from marine algae have been regarded as having potential for use in skin care, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. In this context, this contribution aims at revealing bioactive substances found in marine algae, outlines their photoprotective potential, and provides an overview of developments of blue biotechnology to obtain photoprotective substances and their prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Pangestuti
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Evi Amelia Siahaan
- Research and Development Division of Marine Bio-Industry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), West Nusa Tenggara 83552, Indonesia.
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
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14
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Echinacoside Alleviates UVB Irradiation-Mediated Skin Damage via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6851464. [PMID: 29213352 PMCID: PMC5682084 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6851464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has been known to cause skin damage, which is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Herba Cistanches, which exhibits strong antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluate the photoprotective effect of echinacoside on UVB-induced skin damage and explore the potential molecular mechanism. BALB/c mice and HaCaT cells were treated with echinacoside before UVB exposure. Histopathological examination was used to evaluate the skin damage. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis were measured as well. Western blot was used to measure the expression of related proteins. The results revealed that pretreatment of echinacoside ameliorated the skin injury; attenuated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis caused by UVB exposure; and normalized the protein levels of ATR, p53, PIAS3, hnRNP K, PARP, and XPA. To summarize, echinacoside is beneficial in the prevention of UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of the skin in vivo and in vitro.
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15
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Catarino MD, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Fucaceae: A Source of Bioactive Phlorotannins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1327. [PMID: 28635652 PMCID: PMC5486148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucaceae is the most dominant algae family along the intertidal areas of the Northern Hemisphere shorelines, being part of human customs for centuries with applications as a food source either for humans or animals, in agriculture and as remedies in folk medicine. These macroalgae are endowed with several phytochemicals of great industrial interest from which phlorotannins, a class of marine-exclusive polyphenols, have gathered much attention during the last few years due to their numerous possible therapeutic properties. These compounds are very abundant in brown seaweeds such as Fucaceae and have been demonstrated to possess numerous health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or enhancement of intracellular antioxidant defenses, antidiabetic properties through their acarbose-like activity, stimulation of adipocytes glucose uptake and protection of β-pancreatic cells against high-glucose oxidative stress; anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of several pro-inflammatory mediators; antitumor properties by activation of apoptosis on cancerous cells and metastasis inhibition, among others. These multiple health properties render phlorotannins great potential for application in numerous therapeutical approaches. This review addresses the major contribution of phlototannins for the biological effects that have been described for seaweeds from Fucaceae. In addition, the bioavailability of this group of phenolic compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D Catarino
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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16
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Im AR, Nam KW, Hyun JW, Chae S. Phloroglucinol Reduces Photodamage in Hairless Mice via Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Through MAPK Pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 92:173-9. [PMID: 26537624 DOI: 10.1111/php.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the photoprotective activity of phloroglucinol on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced deleterious effects in hairless mice in vivo. To assess the photoprotective effect of phloroglucinol, phloroglucinol-treated HR-1 hairless male mice were exposed to UVB irradiation. The inhibitory activity of phloroglucinol on wrinkle formation was determined by analysis of skin replicas, epidermal thickness based on histological examination and collagen damage. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. UVB induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β, IL-6) and IL-8 (IL-8). The protective effects of phloroglucinol on UVB-induced skin photoaging were examined by measuring protein levels of MMPs and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The results of these experiments suggest that phloroglucinol has a significant beneficial effect on the barrier function of the skin. In hairless mice, signs of photoaging and photodamage, including coarse wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness and elastic fiber degeneration, were reduced in severity by phloroglucinol application. The phloroglucinol-treated group showed remarkably decreased mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines in comparison with those of the UVB-induced group. Oral administration of phloroglucinol attenuated phosphorylation of MAP kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Im
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soon Chun Hyang University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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17
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Lišková J, Douglas TE, Beranová J, Skwarczyńska A, Božič M, Samal SK, Modrzejewska Z, Gorgieva S, Kokol V, Bačáková L. Chitosan hydrogels enriched with polyphenols: Antibacterial activity, cell adhesion and growth and mineralization. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Phloroglucinol enhances the repair of UVB radiation-induced DNA damage via promotion of the nucleotide excision repair system in vitro and in vivo. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 28:131-8. [PMID: 25766644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to solar UVB radiation can lead to the formation of DNA lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is critical for the repair of CPDs induced by UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of phloroglucinol to protect against the formation of UVB-induced CPDs in vitro and in vivo. Exposure to UVB radiation increased the number of CPDs in both HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin; however, these increases were reduced by treatment with phloroglucinol. Expression levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1), which are essential components of the NER pathway, were reduced following UVB exposure, although phloroglucinol treatment recovered these levels in both HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin. Phloroglucinol also inhibited UVB-induced reductions in binding of the transcription factors specificity protein 1 to the XPC promoter. These results demonstrate that phloroglucinol can protect cells against UVB-induced DNA damage by inducing NER.
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Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Kang KA, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Phloroglucinol inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced oxidative stress in the mouse skin. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:928-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Chiou YS, Wu JC, Huang Q, Shahidi F, Wang YJ, Ho CT, Pan MH. Metabolic and colonic microbiota transformation may enhance the bioactivities of dietary polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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