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Marques ERMDC, Hsieh R, Lourenço SV, Nico MMS. Oral lupus erythematosus: Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD1a, CD21, CD123, and langerin expression in dendritic cells. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:368-378. [PMID: 38287771 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells participate in the pathophysiology of lupus erythematosus (LE), which are studied in systemic and cutaneous forms; however, little is known about their oral manifestations. METHODS The expressions of dendritic cell markers (including CD1a, CD21, CD123, and langerin) were investigated by immunohistochemistry technique. Sixty intraoral and lower lip LE lesions, and additional 10 control samples were collected from 2003 to 2019. They were topographically analyzed in the epithelium (EP), lamina propria (LP), epithelial junction (JUN), and deep perivascular (PV) areas. RESULTS The expression of CD1a was decreased in the EP (p = 0.003) and increased in the deep PV area (p = 0.002). Langerin immunostaining showed no significant decrease in EP (p = 0.944); however, it increased in LP (p = 0.012) and JUN (p = 0.006). CD21 was expressed in only two specimens (EP, p = 0.012; LP, p < 0.001; deep PV area, p = 0.018). CD123 expression increased in all topographies (EP, p < 0.005; LP, p < 0.001, JUN, p < 0.001; deep PV, p < 0.001). The comparison between vermilion and intraoral mucosa LE lesions suggested that sun-exposed sites showed higher expression of CD123 (EP, p = 0.024; LP, p = 0.047; JUN, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CD1a, langerin, and CD123 expressions were detected coincidently surrounding the inflammatory infiltrate in oral LE, suggesting that these cells may play an important role in immune response. Interestingly, plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed increased CD123 expression in sun-exposed site lesions, which point out a possible function in their pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Hsieh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Menta Simonsen Nico
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Calvo MJ, Navarro C, Durán P, Galan-Freyle NJ, Parra Hernández LA, Pacheco-Londoño LC, Castelanich D, Bermúdez V, Chacin M. Antioxidants in Photoaging: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2403. [PMID: 38397077 PMCID: PMC10889126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoaging (PA) is considered a silent disease affecting millions of people globally and is defined as skin damage due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun. Physiologically, the skin is in a state of renewal and synthesis of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, exposure to UVR affects the production of the ECM, and the functioning and response of skin cells to UVR begins to change, thus expressing clinical and phenotypic characteristics of PA. The primary mechanisms involved in PA are direct damage to the DNA of skin cells, increases in oxidative stress, the activation of cell signaling pathways responsible for the loss of skin integrity, and cytotoxicity. The medical and scientific community has been researching new therapeutic tools that counteract PA, considering that the damage caused by UVR exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the skin. Thus, in recent years, certain nutraceuticals and phytochemicals have been found to exhibit potential antioxidant and photoprotective effects. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to elucidate the molecular bases of PA and the latest pharmaceutical industry findings on antioxidant treatment against the progression of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Calvo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Carolina Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Nataly J. Galan-Freyle
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Luis Alberto Parra Hernández
- International Society for Non-Surgical Facial Rejuvenation (SIRF), Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (L.A.P.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Leonardo C Pacheco-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Desiree Castelanich
- International Society for Non-Surgical Facial Rejuvenation (SIRF), Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (L.A.P.H.); (D.C.)
- Argentine Society of Dermatology, Buenos Aires B1228, Argentina
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
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Yang YL, Zhou C, Chen Q, Shen SZ, Li JD, Wang XL, Wang PR. YAP1/Piezo1 involve in the dynamic changes of lymphatic vessels in UVR-induced photoaging progress to squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:820. [PMID: 37974224 PMCID: PMC10655279 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. The constant alterations of the lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment are essential in transforming from photoaging to cSCC. Studying the mechanism will be beneficial for new targets exploration to the early prediction of cSCC. AIMS To investigate the dynamic changes and mechanism of the lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment in transforming from photoaging to cSCC induced by ultraviolet irradiation (UVR). METHODS TIMER2.0 was used to analyze whether YAP1/VEGFC signaling pathway is involved in lymphangiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Meanwhile, lymphatic-centered immune microenvironments alterations and the related cumulative survival time were also analyzed. With the accumulated UVR, skin photoaging developed and gradually progressed into actinic keratosis and cSCC on SKH-1 hairless mice. The skin lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment was evaluated at the 0th, 8th, 12th, 16-18th, and 20-24th week of UVR. Skin phenotype was assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and skin image. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining evaluated epidermis and dermis. The structure of lymphatic vessels (LVs), blood vessels, and different types of T cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of Piezo1 whose deletion in adult lymphatics led to substantial valve degeneration, VE-cadherin that maintained the permeability of LVs, and YAP1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining as well. Besides, the drainage function of LVs was assessed by Evans Blue assay in vivo. RESULTS The lymphatic function and immune cell infiltration underwent adaptive changes under continuous UVR. TIMER2.0 analysis indicated that VEGFC genes high expressed in HNSCC. YAP1 gene expression was positive correlated with VEGFC in HNSCC. LV density increased in human cSCC. More LVs in HNSCC were beneficial to prolong the survival time. VEGFC gene overexpression was positive correlated to CD8+T cell infiltration. More CD8A+T cells and CD8B+T cell infiltration in HNSCC extended survival time. When YAP1 gene overexpression and high infiltration of endothelial cells took place simultaneously might prolong the survival time of HNSCC patients. And high infiltration of CD8+T cells prolonged the survival time as well. In animal studies, UVR-induced eight weeks (photoaging) and 16-18 weeks (precancerous) were two turning points. The density of LVs in UV-8w was the least. When photoaged skin developed into AK lesions (UV-16-18w), LV slightly exceeded healthy skin and proliferated sharply in cSCC (UV-20-24w). YAP1 expression was almost consistent with LV but rose after the photoaging stage. The drainage of cSCC mice induced by UVR was better than that of photoaged skin and worse than that of health skin. The dynamic alterations of LVs number, Piezo1 expression, and collagen might be reasons for it. The expression of Piezo1 was in the highest point after 8 weeks of UVR, then gradually descended to the platform. The total T cells increased slowly, but the infiltration of CD4+T cells increased, and CD8+T cells decreased after eight weeks of UVR. The CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells increased sharply in UV-16-18w and UV-20-24w groups. CONCLUSION The lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment underwent adaptive changes under continuous UVR via regulating YAP1/VEGFC and Piezo1. During the formation of cSCC, there are two turning points, eight weeks (photoaging) and 16-18 weeks (precancerous). YAP1, Piezo1, LVs, and immune cells constantly changed with the skin state induced by UVR. According to these changes the process of cSCC can be identified in advance and intervene timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling L Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhan Z Shen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandan D Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli L Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peiru R Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Teng Y, Huang Y, Danfeng X, Tao X, Fan Y. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Photoaging and Related Mechanisms: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2455-2464. [PMID: 36420112 PMCID: PMC9677255 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s388954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary pathogenetic factor in skin photoaging. It can disrupt cellular homeostasis by damaging DNA, inducing an inflammatory cascade, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in a variety of dermatologic conditions. The skin microbiome plays an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of healthy skin. Emerging evidence has indicated that highly diverse gut microbiome may also have an impact on the skin health, referred to as the gut-skin axis (GSA). Oral and topical probiotics through modulating the skin microbiome and gut-skin microbial interactions could serve as potential management to prevent and treat the skin photoaging by multiple pathways including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting ECM remodeling, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this review, the effects of oral and topical probiotics in skin photoaging and related mechanisms are both described systematically and comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youming Huang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Danfeng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Marionnet C, de Dormael R, Marat X, Roudot A, Gizard J, Planel E, Tornier C, Golebiewski C, Bastien P, Candau D, Bernerd F. Sunscreens with the New MCE Filter Cover the Whole UV Spectrum: Improved UVA1 Photoprotection In Vitro and in a Randomized Controlled Trial. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100070. [PMID: 35072138 PMCID: PMC8762479 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background UVA1 rays (340–400 nm) contribute to carcinogenesis, immunosuppression, hyperpigmentation, and aging. Current sunscreen formulas lack sufficient absorption in the 370–400 nm wavelengths range. Recently, a new UVA1 filter, Methoxypropylamino Cyclohexenylidene Ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) exhibiting a peak of absorption at 385 nm, was approved by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety for use in sunscreen products. These studies evaluated, in a three-dimensional skin model and in vivo, the protection afforded by state-of-the-art sunscreen formulations enriched with MCE. Trial design This study is a monocentric, double-blinded, randomized, and comparative trial. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identification number NCT04865094. Methods The efficacy of sunscreens with MCE was compared with that of reference formulas. In a three-dimensional skin model, histology, protein, and gene expression were analyzed. In the clinical trial, pigmentation was analyzed in 19 volunteers using colorimetric measurements and visual scoring. Results MCE addition in reference formulas enlarged the profile of absorption up to 400 nm; reduced UVA1-induced dermal and epidermal alterations at cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels; and decreased UVA1-induced pigmentation. Conclusions Addition of MCE absorber in sunscreen formulations leads to full coverage of UV spectrum and improved UVA1 photoprotection. The data support benefits in the long term on sun-induced consequences, especially those related to public health care issues.
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Ibrahim NA, Daraz N, Ali ZS. Awareness of pharmacists and consumers towards protective effects of sunscreens against skin cancer. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:1363-1367. [PMID: 34266332 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211029358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the awareness level of individuals on the use of sunscreen products, and pharmacists' perception of sunscreen safety. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Participants involved included 224 female undergraduates of Ajman University (aged 18-25 years old), 234 patients visiting numerous pharmacies, and 58 pharmacists from the private sector in Dubai. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to all participants. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) version 20. Among female undergraduate students, 94.7% used sun protection, 81.1% understood what is meant by SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Value, and 70.2% used the optimal SPF (15-20). Additionally, 95.2% reported that sunscreens do not have any side effects. Out of the 234 patients who participated in the study, 86.8% used sun protection, 56.8% understood what is meant by SPF, and 43.2% used the optimal SPF. Furthermore, 93.2% stated that sunscreens do not have any side effects. Female patients were found to use sunscreens with higher SPF values (above 50) as compared to male patients (P ≤ 0.024). Patients above the age of 40 also used sunscreens with high SPF (P ≤ 0.001). As for pharmacists, they all agreed that sunscreens have a marked safety profile, with no side effects, and that the optimal SPF for use is 15-20. Most pharmacists (80%) reported that consumers are in fact aware and knowledgeable about the proper use and application of sunscreens. Optimal use of routine sunscreen is of paramount importance to prevent skin damage as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Abdalla Ibrahim
- Clinical Sciences Department, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University. Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
| | - Nada Daraz
- Clinical Sciences Department, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University. Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
| | - Zeena Sameer Ali
- Clinical Sciences Department, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University. Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
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Pilkington SM, Bulfone-Paus S, Griffiths CE, Watson RE. Inflammaging and the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1087-1095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Brand RM, Stottlemyer JM, Paglia MC, Carey CD, Falo LD. Ethanol consumption synergistically increases ultraviolet radiation induced skin damage and immune dysfunction. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:40-48. [PMID: 33213984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive UV radiation disrupts skin homeostasis by multiple mechanisms that extend beyond the simple erythema associated with sunburns including reduction of antioxidants, increased DNA damage, and impairment of skin immune responses. Recreational UV exposure frequently occurs concurrently with excessive ethanol (EtOH). Epidemiological studies suggest a harmful, dose-dependent impact of EtOH in the setting of high UV exposure, leading to increased severity of sunburns relative to those generated in the absence of EtOH. Furthermore, EtOH consumption and UV radiation have multiple overlapping effects on the skin that could account for the epidemiological association. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relationship between excessive EtOH ingestion and UV exposures on early skin damage and downstream immune dysfunction. METHODS We examined the impact of UVB on local skin damage, including inflammation, sunburned cells, apoptotic cells, melanin and antioxidant levels, DNA damage and immune dysfunction in the presence or absence of EtOH ingestion by combining standard mouse models of EtOH consumption and UVB exposure models. To confirm that the observed changes in mouse skin were relevant to human skin, we investigated the effects of EtOH on UV-induced skin damage with human skin explants. RESULTS We demonstrated that EtOH consumption and UV exposure act synergistically to increase the severity of local skin damage resulting in impaired melanin responses, reduced antioxidants, greater DNA damage, and immune dysfunction as measured by reduced contact hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The results support incorporation of the risks of combined UV exposure and excessive alcohol consumption into public health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Melissa C Paglia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
Phototherapeutic modalities induce apoptosis of keratinocytes and immune cells, impact cytokine production, downregulate the IL-23/Th17 axis, and induce regulatory T cells. As in anti-IL-17 or anti-IL-23 antibody treatment, the dual action of phototherapy on skin and the immune system is likely responsible for sustained resolution of lesions in diseases such as psoriasis. In cutaneous T cell lymphoma, phototherapy may function by causing tumor cell apoptosis and eliminating the neoplastic and inflammatory infiltrate. Further research on phototherapeutic mechanisms will help advance, optimize, and refine dermatologic treatments and may open up novel avenues for treatment strategies in dermatology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizi Yu
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit for Photodermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
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Grandi C, D’Ovidio MC. Balance between Health Risks and Benefits for Outdoor Workers Exposed to Solar Radiation: An Overview on the Role of Near Infrared Radiation Alone and in Combination with Other Solar Spectral Bands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041357. [PMID: 32093162 PMCID: PMC7068431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared or infrared A (IRA) accounts for over 40% of the solar spectrum (SS) and is able to reach subcutaneous tissue as well as the retina. Outdoor workers are occupationally exposed to solar radiation (SR), but the level of exposure may differ widely depending on the job performed, time spent outdoors, latitude, altitude, season, personal protection, etc. Until now, risk assessment and management for outdoor workers has focused on the prevention of both acute and long-term effects on the eye and the skin due to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with little consideration of the other components of the SS (a possible exception is represented by visible radiation with reference to the eye). A growing body of evidence coming from in vitro studies indicates that IRA is involved in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and may interfere with the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Moreover, it can modulate gene expression and some metabolic pathways. The biological action of IRA is only partly attributable to a thermal mechanism, should it be also involved in photochemical ones. The cellular and molecular pathways affected by IRA are partly similar and partly different with respect to those involved in the case of visible ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Consequently, the net effect of the SS is very difficult to predict at different levels of the biological organization, making more difficult the final balance of health risk and benefits (for the skin, eye, immune system, blood pressure, etc.) in a given exposure situation. Moreover, few in vivo studies and no epidemiological data are presently available in this regard. Investigating this topic may contribute to better defining the individual exposome. More practically, it is expected to bring benefits to the risk assessment and management for outdoor workers exposed to SS, contributing to: (1) better definition of the individual profiles of susceptibility, (2) more focused preventive and protective measures, (3) better implementation of the health surveillance and (4) a more effective information and training.
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Vallès X, Alonso MH, López-Caleya JF, Díez-Obrero V, Dierssen-Sotos T, Lope V, Molina-Barceló A, Chirlaque MD, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Fernández Tardón G, Castilla J, Amiano P, Capelo R, Castaño-Vinyals G, Guinó E, Molina de la Torre AJ, Moreno-Iribas C, Pérez Gómez B, Aragonés N, Llorca J, Martín V, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Moreno V. Colorectal cancer, sun exposure and dietary vitamin D and calcium intake in the MCC-Spain study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:428-434. [PMID: 30266013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association of colorectal cancer with environmental solar radiation and sun exposure behavior, considering phenotypic variables (eye color, hair color and skin phenotype), dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, and socio-demographic factors. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter population-based frequency matched case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain), with 2140 CRC cases and 3950 controls. METHODS Data were obtained through personal interviews using a structured epidemiological questionnaire that included socio-demographic data, residential history, environmental exposures, behavior, phenotypic and dietary information. An environmental-lifetime sun exposure score was constructed combining residential history and average daily solar radiation, direct and diffuse. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between different variables. A structural equation model was used to verify the associations of the conceptual model. RESULTS We found a lower risk of CRC in subjects frequently exposed to sunlight during the previous summer and skin burning due to sun exposure. No association was observed in relation to the residential solar radiation scores. Subjects with light eye or light hair colors had a lower risk of CRC that those with darker colors. Dietary calcium and vitamin D were also protective factors, but not in the multivariate model. The structural equation model analysis suggested that higher sun exposure was associated with a decreased risk of CRC, as well as dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, and these factors are correlated among themselves and with environmental solar radiation and skin phenotypes. CONCLUSION The results agree with previous observations that sun exposure, dietary vitamin D and calcium intake, and serum 25(OH)D concentration reduce the risk of CRC and indicate that these factors may be relevant for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vallès
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Henar Alonso
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco López-Caleya
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Virginia Lope
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Oncology Institute IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rocío Capelo
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud, y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Guinó
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Proulx ESC, Mashiko S, Maari C, Bolduc C, Nigen S, Sarfati M, Bissonnette R. Ultraviolet B-induced immunosuppression is not associated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand upregulation in human skin. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2018; 35:47-50. [PMID: 30230620 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shunya Mashiko
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Nigen
- Innovaderm Research Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Couteau C, Philippe A, Vibet MA, Paparis E, Coiffard L. Study of the influence of substrate and spectrophotometer characteristics on the in vitro measurement of sunscreens efficiency. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:210-217. [PMID: 29777857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
All the methods used for the in vitro measurement of the SPF, the universal indicator of sunscreens efficiency, rely on a spectrophotometric analysis. What can vary about the experimental protocol used is mainly the substrate and the type of spectrophotometer chosen. We decided to work with polymethylmetacrylate plates that we analyzed using two spectrophotometers equipped with integrating spheres, the UV1000S and the UV2000 apparatus. Two marketed products were such tested, after spreading 2 mg/cm2 on the plates, using one apparatus after another. We applied a non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired data to the measures realized on 10 plates (as we systematically used the 2 apparatus), in order to compare the series of measures obtained with the two machines. This way, we were able to show a significant difference between the SPF values respectively obtained with the UV1000S and the UV2000 spectrophotometers. This difference could be explained by the decrease of the stray light in the case of the UV2000 apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Couteau
- Université de Nantes - Laboratoire de Pharmacie industrielle et de Cosmétologie, MMS, EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, Boite Postale 61112, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - A Philippe
- Université de Nantes - Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray, UMR CNRS 6629, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - M-A Vibet
- Université de Nantes - Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray, UMR CNRS 6629, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - E Paparis
- Université de Nantes - Laboratoire de Pharmacie industrielle et de Cosmétologie, MMS, EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, Boite Postale 61112, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - L Coiffard
- Université de Nantes - Laboratoire de Pharmacie industrielle et de Cosmétologie, MMS, EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, Boite Postale 61112, 44035 Nantes, France.
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14
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Brand RM, Wipf P, Durham A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Falo LD. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30177881 PMCID: PMC6110189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin’s natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Abhimanyu, Coussens AK. The role of UV radiation and vitamin D in the seasonality and outcomes of infectious disease. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:314-338. [PMID: 28078341 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The seasonality of infectious disease outbreaks suggests that environmental conditions have a significant effect on disease risk. One of the major environmental factors that can affect this is solar radiation, primarily acting through ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and its subsequent control of vitamin D production. Here we show how UVR and vitamin D, which are modified by latitude and season, can affect host and pathogen fitness and relate them to the outcomes of bacterial, viral and vector-borne infections. We conducted a thorough comparison of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of UVR and vitamin D on pathogen fitness and host immunity and related these to the effects observed in animal models and clinical trials to understand their independent and complementary effects on infectious disease outcome. UVR and vitamin D share common pathways of innate immune activation primarily via antimicrobial peptide production, and adaptive immune suppression. Whilst UVR can induce vitamin D-independent effects in the skin, such as the generation of photoproducts activating interferon signaling, vitamin D has a larger systemic effect due to its autocrine and paracrine modulation of cellular responses in a range of tissues. However, the seasonal patterns in infectious disease prevalence are not solely driven by variation in UVR and vitamin D levels across latitudes. Vector-borne pathogens show a strong seasonality of infection correlated to climatic conditions favoring their replication. Conversely, pathogens, such as influenza A virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1, have strong evidence to support their interaction with vitamin D. Thus, UVR has both vitamin D-dependent and independent effects on infectious diseases; these effects vary depending on the pathogen of interest and the effects can be complementary or antagonistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa. and Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa
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16
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Abstract
Preclinical infection model systems are extremely valuable tools to aid in our understanding of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) biology, disease progression, prevention, and treatments. In this context, rodent papillomaviruses and their respective infection models are useful tools but remain underutilized resources in the field of papillomavirus biology. Two rodent papillomaviruses, MnPV1, which infects the Mastomys species of multimammate rats, and MmuPV1, which infects laboratory mice, are currently the most studied rodent PVs. Both of these viruses cause malignancy in the skin and can provide attractive infection models to study the lesser understood cutaneous papillomaviruses that have been frequently associated with HPV-related skin cancers. Of these, MmuPV1 is the first reported rodent papillomavirus that can naturally infect the laboratory strain of mice. MmuPV1 is an attractive model virus to study papillomavirus pathogenesis because of the ubiquitous availability of lab mice and the fact that this mouse species is genetically modifiable. In this review, we have summarized the knowledge we have gained about PV biology from the study of rodent papillomaviruses and point out the remaining gaps that can provide new research opportunities.
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17
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Chen Q, Li R, Zhao X, Liang B, Ma S, Li Z, Zhu H. Prevention of ultraviolet radiation‑induced immunosuppression by sunscreen in Candida albicans‑induced delayed‑type hypersensitivity. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:202-8. [PMID: 27175551 PMCID: PMC4918595 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced immunosuppression leading to skin cancer has received increased attention in previous years. The present study aimed to investigate the immunoprotection offered by Anthelios sunscreen in a mouse model of Candida albicans-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Anthelios sunscreen was applied to the skin on the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice treated with a sub-erythema dose of solar-simulated radiation. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was induced by immunization with Candida albicans. Changes in the skin thickness of the foot pads were measured, and immunosuppression rates were also evaluated. The expression levels of CD207, CD80 and CD86 in the Langerhans cells were semi-quantitatively detected using Western blotting and immunohistochemical assays. The delayed-type hypersensitivity mouse model was successfully established. The minimal erythema doses of UVA and UVB exposure to the mice were 2,000 and 145 mJ/cm2, respectively. The immunosuppression rates in the sunscreen group and non-sunscreen group were 24.39 and 65.85%, respectively (P<0.01). The results of the Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of CD207 (P<0.01), CD80 (P<0.05) and CD86 (P<0.01) were higher in the sunscreen group, compared with those in the non-sunscreen group. UV exposure reduced Candida albicans antigen-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Anthelios sunscreen was found to protect the skin from immunosuppression through the activation of epidermal Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Runxiang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Haikou City People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Bihua Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyin Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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18
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Grigalavicius M, Moan J, Dahlback A, Juzeniene A. Daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variations in solar ultraviolet A and B radiation in relation to vitamin D production and risk for skin cancer. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:e23-8. [PMID: 26547141 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation varies with latitude, time of day, and season. Both spectral UV composition and ambient UV dose lead to different health outcomes at different latitudes. Finding the optimal time for sun exposure, whereby the positive effects of UV exposure (vitamin D) are facilitated and the negative effects (skin cancer, photoimmunosuppression) avoided are the most important consideration in modern skin cancer prevention programs. OBJECTIVES This paper focuses on the latitude dependency of UVB, UVA, vitamin D production, and skin cancer risk in Caucasians. METHODS Biologically effective UVB (280-315 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm) doses were calculated using radiative transfer models with appropriate climatologic data for selected locations. Incidences of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cutaneous melanoma (CM) were retrieved from cancer registries and published articles. RESULTS Annual doses of UVA radiation decrease much less with increasing latitude than annual doses of UVB. Incidences of CM also decrease less steeply with increasing latitude than incidences of SCC. As SCC is caused mainly by UVB, these observations support the assumption that UVA plays an important role in the development of CM. The variations in UVA (relevant to CM) and UVB (relevant to vitamin D production) over 1 day differ: the UVB : UVA ratio is maximal at noon. CONCLUSIONS The best way to obtain a given dose of vitamin D with minimal carcinogenic risk is through a non-burning exposure in the middle of the day, rather than in the afternoon or morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Grigalavicius
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Moan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Dahlback
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Zhang X, Xie YL, Yu XT, Su ZQ, Yuan J, Li YC, Su ZR, Zhan JYX, Lai XP. Protective Effect of Super-Critical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extract from Flowers and Buds of Chrysanthemum indicum Linnén Against Ultraviolet-Induced Photo-Aging in Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:437-48. [PMID: 25849065 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation to human skin causes photo-aging, including increases in skin thickness and wrinkle formation and reduction in skin elasticity. UV radiation induces damage to skin mainly by superfluous reactive oxygen species and chronic low-grade inflammation, which eventually up-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, the super-critical carbon dioxide extract from flowers and buds of Chrysanthemum indicum Linnén (CISCFE), which has been reported to possess free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, was investigated for its photo-protective effect by topical application on the skin of mice. Moreover, CISCFE effectively suppressed the UV-induced increase in skin thickness and wrinkle grading in a dose-dependent manner, which was correlated with the inhibition of loss of collagen fiber content and epidermal thickening. Furthermore, we observed that CISCFE could obviously decrease UV-induced skin inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α), alleviate the abnormal changes of anti-oxidative indicators (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and down-regulate the levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3. The results indicated that CISCFE was a novel photo-protective agent from natural resources against UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Liang Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ting Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Qing Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Janis Ya-Xian Zhan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Kammeyer A, Luiten R. Oxidation events and skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 21:16-29. [PMID: 25653189 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The rate of skin aging, or that of tissue in general, is determined by a variable predominance of tissue degeneration over tissue regeneration. This review discusses the role of oxidative events of tissue degeneration and aging in general, and for the skin in particular. The mechanisms involved in intrinsic and extrinsic (photo-) aging are described. Since photoaging is recognized as an important extrinsic aging factor, we put special emphasize on the effects of UV exposure on aging, and its variable influence according to global location and skin type. We here summarise direct photochemical effects of UV on DNA, RNA, proteins and vitamin D, the factors contributing to UV-induced immunosuppression, which may delay aging, the nature and origin of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as indirect contributors for aging, and the consequences of oxidative events for extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, such as that of collagen. We conclude that conflicting data on studies investigating the validity of the free radical damage theory of aging may reflect variations in the level of ROS induction which is difficult to quantify in vivo, and the lack of targeting of experimental ROS to the relevant cellular compartment. Also mitohormesis, an adaptive response, may arise in vivo to moderate ROS levels, further complicating interpretation of in vivo results. We here describes how skin aging is mediated both directly and indirectly by oxidative degeneration.This review indicates that skin aging events are initiated and often propagated by oxidation events, despite recently recognized adaptive responses to oxidative stress.
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21
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Lucas RM, Norval M, Neale RE, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Takizawa Y, van der Leun JC. The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:53-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ozone depletion, climate and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
- The Australian National University
- Canberra 2601
- Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute
| | - M. Norval
- Biomedical Sciences
- University of Edinburgh Medical School
- Edinburgh EH8 9AG
- UK
| | - R. E. Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Brisbane 4029
- Australia
| | - A. R. Young
- King's College London (KCL)
- St John's Institute of Dermatology
- London SE1 9RT
- UK
| | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology
- Leiden University Medical Centre
- NL-2300 RC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
- Akita Prefecture
- Japan
- National Institute for Minamata Diseases
- Kumamoto Prefecture
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22
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Stiefel C, Schwack W. Photoprotection in changing times - UV filter efficacy and safety, sensitization processes and regulatory aspects. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:2-30. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stiefel
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - W. Schwack
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
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23
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Gichuhi S, Ohnuma SI, Sagoo MS, Burton MJ. Pathophysiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Exp Eye Res 2014; 129:172-82. [PMID: 25447808 PMCID: PMC4726664 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is strongly associated with solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV). Africa has the highest incidence rates in the world. Most lesions occur at the limbus within the interpalpebral fissure particularly the nasal sector. The nasal limbus receives the highest intensity of sunlight. Limbal epithelial crypts are concentrated nasally and contain niches of limbal epithelial stem cells in the basal layer. It is possible that these are the progenitor cells in OSSN. OSSN arises in the basal epithelial cells spreading towards the surface which resembles the movement of corneo-limbal stem cell progeny before it later invades through the basement membrane below. UV radiation damages DNA producing pyrimidine dimers in the DNA chain. Specific CC → TT base pair dimer transformations of the p53 tumour-suppressor gene occur in OSSN allowing cells with damaged DNA past the G1-S cell cycle checkpoint. UV radiation also causes local and systemic photoimmunosuppression and reactivates latent viruses such as HPV. The E7 proteins of HPV promote proliferation of infected epithelial cells via the retinoblastoma gene while E6 proteins prevent the p53 tumour suppressor gene from effecting cell-cycle arrest of DNA-damaged and infected cells. Immunosuppression from UV radiation, HIV and vitamin A deficiency impairs tumour immune surveillance allowing survival of aberrant cells. Tumour growth and metastases are enhanced by; telomerase reactivation which increases the number of cell divisions a cell can undergo; vascular endothelial growth factor for angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that destroy the intercellular matrix between cells. Despite these potential triggers, the disease is usually unilateral. It is unclear how HPV reaches the conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gichuhi
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK; St. Bartholomew's Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK.
| | - Matthew J Burton
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
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24
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Abstract
Living on a sun-drenched planet has necessitated adaption to and protection from the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly skin cancer. However, convincing epidemiological and recent empirical evidence also supports a protective effect of UV against a range of diseases including multiple sclerosis, asthma and cardiovascular disease. Despite years of research attention into the biological effects of sunlight exposure, we are still far from being able to fully answer the question: How much sunlight is enough? This is probably because the answer is dependent on many complex and interacting variables. Many talented researchers are focused on exploring whether UV-induced vitamin D explains some of these effects. This perspectives article proposes an alternative hypothesis, namely that targeting UV-induced immune suppression by affecting the activation of regulatory cells and molecules will be of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
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25
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Troche JR, Ferrucci LM, Cartmel B, Leffell DJ, Bale AE, Mayne ST. Systemic glucocorticoid use and early-onset basal cell carcinoma. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:625-7. [PMID: 24958637 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramon Troche
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Leah M Ferrucci
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Brenda Cartmel
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - David J Leffell
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Departments of Dermatology and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Allen E Bale
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT.
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26
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Cyclooxygenases: mediators of UV-induced skin cancer and potential targets for prevention. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2497-2502. [PMID: 24804836 PMCID: PMC4165774 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), are among the most common human malignancies. Current methods for their prevention include avoidance of natural and artificial sources of UV radiation, photoprotective clothing and sunscreens. However, these methods have proven to be inadequate in stemming the rise in skin cancer incidence over the past several years. There is accumulating evidence that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme involved in prostaglandin synthesis, may be involved in the pathogenesis of NMSC. In preclinical studies, animals genetically deficient in the COX-2 enzyme or that have been treated with pharmacological inhibitors of COX-2 develop significantly fewer tumors when subjected to a UV-induced skin carcinogenesis protocol than control mice. Several epidemiological studies in humans support the concept that this enzyme is intimately involved in UV-induced skin cancer development, and UV radiation is known to augment COX-2 expression in human skin. Recent studies suggest that drugs that block COX-2 expression may prevent the development of NMSCs. Thus, pharmacologic agents that inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 may be effective chemopreventive agents for NMSCs.
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27
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Park JE, Pyun HB, Woo SW, Jeong JH, Hwang JK. The protective effect of Kaempferia parviflora extract on UVB-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 30:237-45. [PMID: 24313661 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through c-Jun and c-Fos activation. These signaling cascades induce the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, resulting in photoaging. METHODS This study evaluated the preventive effect of the ethanol extract of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker (black ginger) on UVB-induced photoaging in vivo. To investigate the antiphotoaging effect of K. parviflora extract (KPE), UVB-irradiated hairless mice administered oral doses of KPE (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 13 weeks. RESULTS In comparison to the UVB control group, KPE significantly prevented wrinkle formation and the loss of collagen fibers with increased type I, III, and VII collagen genes (COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL7A1). The decrease in wrinkle formation was associated with a significant reduction in the UVB-induced expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 via the suppression of c-Jun and c-Fos activity. KPE also increased the expression of catalase, which acts as an antioxidant enzyme in skin. In addition, expression of inflammatory mediators, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was significantly reduced by KPE treatment. CONCLUSION The results show that oral administration of KPE significantly prevents UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice, suggesting its potential as a natural antiphotoaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Pilkington SM, Gibbs NK, Friedmann PS, Rhodes LE. Nutritional abrogation of photoimmunosuppression: in vivo investigations. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 30:112-27. [PMID: 24283330 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a major public health concern, and the primary aetiological factor in the majority of skin cancers is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. UVR not only induces potentially mutagenic DNA damage but also suppresses cell-mediated immunity (CMI), allowing cancerous cells to escape destruction and progress to tumours. A considerable proportion of an individual's annual sun exposure is obtained outside the vacation period when topical and physical measures for photoprotection are irregularly used. Certain nutrients could provide an adjunctive protective role, and evidence is accruing from experimental studies to support their use in abrogation of photoimmunosuppression. Moreover, developments in clinical research methods to evaluate impact of solar-simulated radiation on cutaneous CMI allow the immune protective potential of nutritional agents to be examined in humans in vivo. This article summarises the mediation of CMI and its suppression by UVR, evaluates the methodology for quantitative assessment in vivo, reviews the human studies reported on nutritional abrogation of photoimmunosuppression including recent randomized controlled trials and discusses the mechanisms of photoprotection by the nutrients. This includes, in addition to antioxidants, novel studies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and nicotinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Pilkington
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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