1
|
Pimienta MC, Koptur S. More than Moths: Flower Visitors of a Night-Blooming Plant in South Florida Pine Rocklands, USA. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2799. [PMID: 36297823 PMCID: PMC9609400 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants whose flowers open at night but remain open during the day also attract diurnal flower visitors, potentially boosting their pollination rates and providing resources that can support diverse arthropod communities. The rough-leaf velvetseed, Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae), is an evergreen shrub that thrives only in the imperiled pine rockland habitat in south Florida. Its white, tubular, and fragrant flowers open during late afternoon, exhibiting traits strongly associated with the attraction of nocturnal hawkmoths (Sphingidae). Flowers of G. scabra remain open until the following morning, becoming available to a wider array of visitors, bringing into question the expectation that sphingophilous flowers are visited mainly by hawkmoths. To evaluate whether the flowers of G. scabra are mainly visited by nocturnal hawkmoths and understand the role of this plant in the pine rockland habitat, we characterized the arthropod fauna associated with its flowers during the morning, evening, and at night. We found that most flower visitors were diurnal insects of the orders Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, although we observed other arthropod groups too. Visitation at night was dominated by two species of hawkmoths. Nectar was the main resource used by the arthropod community during this study. Legitimate visitation and nectar-robbing were the behaviors most frequently observed among the flower visitors. Our results suggest that flowers of the night-blooming G. scabra constitute an important food source for both diurnal and nocturnal arthropod fauna in the fire-dependent pine rocklands of southern Florida. Our study provides novel data to support efforts to conserve and protect pine rocklands and the plants and animals that inhabit them.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ancona JJ, Pinzón-Esquivel JP, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Palma-Silva C, Ortiz-Díaz JJ, Tun-Garrido J, Carnevali G, Raigoza NE. Multilocus Data Analysis Reveal the Diversity of Cryptic Species in the Tillandsia ionantha (Bromeliaceae: Tillansiodeae) Complex. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131706. [PMID: 35807663 PMCID: PMC9269404 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Independent evolutionary lineages or species that lack phenotypic variation as an operative criterion for their delimitation are known as cryptic species. However, these have been delimited using other data sources and analysis. The aims of this study are: (1) to evaluate the divergence of the populations of the T. ionantha complex; and (2) to delimit the species using multilocus data, phylogenetic analysis and the coalescent model. Phylogenetic analyses, genetic diversity and population structure, and isolation by distance analysis were performed. A multispecies coalescent analysis to delimit the species was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. ionantha is polyphyletic composed of eight evolutionary lineages. Haplotype distribution and genetic differentiation analysis detected strong population structure and high values of genetic differentiation among populations. The positive correlation between genetic differences with geographic distance indicate that the populations are evolving under the model of isolation by distance. The coalescent multispecies analysis performed with starBEAST supports the recognition of eight lineages as different species. Only three out of the eight species have morphological characters good enough to recognize them as different species, while five of them are cryptic species. Tillandsia scaposa and T. vanhyningii are corroborated as independent lineages, and T. ionantha var. stricta changed status to the species level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Ancona
- Departamento de Botánica-Herbario UADY, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Mérida 97315, Mexico; (J.P.P.-E.); (J.J.O.-D.); (J.T.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan P. Pinzón-Esquivel
- Departamento de Botánica-Herbario UADY, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Mérida 97315, Mexico; (J.P.P.-E.); (J.J.O.-D.); (J.T.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Sánchez
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Las Agujas, Zapopan 45200, Mexico;
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Juan J. Ortiz-Díaz
- Departamento de Botánica-Herbario UADY, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Mérida 97315, Mexico; (J.P.P.-E.); (J.J.O.-D.); (J.T.-G.)
| | - Juan Tun-Garrido
- Departamento de Botánica-Herbario UADY, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5, Mérida 97315, Mexico; (J.P.P.-E.); (J.J.O.-D.); (J.T.-G.)
| | - Germán Carnevali
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A. C. Calle 43 #130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97215, Mexico; (G.C.); (N.E.R.)
| | - Néstor E. Raigoza
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A. C. Calle 43 #130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97215, Mexico; (G.C.); (N.E.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diniz UM, Fischer NLS, Aguiar LMS. Changing the main course: strong bat visitation to the ornithophilous mistletoe
Psittacanthus robustus
(Loranthaceae) in a Neotropical savanna. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
4
|
Chmel K, Ewome FL, Gómez GU, Klomberg Y, Mertens JEJ, Tropek R, Janeček Š. Bird pollination syndrome is the plant's adaptation to ornithophily, but nectarivorous birds are not so selective. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kryštof Chmel
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
- Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská České Budějovice Czechia
| | | | | | - Yannick Klomberg
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Jan E. J. Mertens
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
| | - Robert Tropek
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
- Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská České Budějovice Czechia
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Newman E, Govender K, Niekerk S, Johnson SD. The functional ecology of bat pollination in the African sausage tree
Kigelia africana
(Bignoniaceae). Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Newman
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Keeveshnee Govender
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Sandy Niekerk
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Steven D. Johnson
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
RAMÍREZ MARTÍNEZ ADRIANA, MONDRAGÓN CHAPARRO DEMETRIAMARTHA, RIVERA GARCÍA RAÚL. VASCULAR EPIPHYTES: THE UGLY DUCKLING OF PHENOLOGICAL STUDIES. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v26n2.83473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenology of vascular epiphytes, which represent account for about 10 % of the world’s flowering plants and perform important ecological functions, has been just partially explored. Since phenology is a key tool for the management and conservation of species, the objective of this review was to synthesize the information published so far about the phenology of vascular epiphytes, detect gaps of knowledge, and suggest future lines of investigation to understand the underlying mechanisms. We conducted an online search for articles in Google Scholar and in the ISI Web of Science database from 1800 to 2020, with different combinations of keywords. 107 studies addressing the phenology of different holo-epiphyte species were found; 88 % of the studies were performed in the Neotropic, especially in tropical and subtropical wet forests. The phenology of only ca.2% (418 spp.) of all reported epiphyte species has been explored. There is a bias toward the study of the flowering and fruiting phenology in members of the Orchidaceae (192 spp.) and Bromeliaceae (124 spp.) families. In general, the vegetative and reproductive phenology of epiphytes tends to be seasonal; however, there is a huge gap in our understanding of the proximate and ultimate factors involved. Future research should explicitly focus on studying those factors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Paggi GM, Palma-Silva C, Bered F. Pollination by hummingbirds of Vriesea gigantea (Bromeliaceae) populations in Southern Brazil. RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The pollination syndrome hypothesis usually does not successfully apply to the diversity of floral phenotypes or help predict the pollinators of most plant species. In Bromeliaceae, there is a wide range of floral visitors, making its species ideal to test for a correlation between nectar and floral traits with pollination syndrome. In this study, we analyzed the floral features, nectar production patterns, pollinators and floral visitors of Vriesea gigantea, and discussed its potential adaptive and ecological significance. We study three natural populations from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil. The species presented protogyny and herkogamy, and its anthesis occurred at different periods among different populations. Vriesea gigantea has a relatively constant rate of nectar production during the day that continues overnight but at a reduced rate. Newly opened flowers already have around 80.0 μl of nectar. Although classified as chiropterophilous, based on flower morphology and pollinator observations, our results show that hummingbirds are effective pollinators in the studied populations of V. gigantea.
Collapse
|
8
|
Aguilar-Rodríguez PA, Tschapka M, García-Franco JG, Krömer T, MacSwiney G MC. Bromeliads going batty: pollinator partitioning among sympatric chiropterophilous Bromeliaceae. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz014. [PMID: 31186827 PMCID: PMC6537948 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators can be a limited resource and natural selection should favour differences in phenotypic characteristics to reduce competition among plants. Bats are important pollinators of many Neotropical plants, including the Bromeliaceae; however, the pre-pollination mechanisms for isolation among sympatric bat-pollinated bromeliads are unknown. Here, we studied the mechanisms for reproductive segregation between Pitcairnia recurvata, Pseudalcantarea viridiflora, Werauhia noctiflorens and W. nutans. The study was conducted at Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, in Veracruz, Mexico We carried out ex situ and in situ manual pollination treatments to determine the breeding system by assessing fruiting and seedling success and sampled bat visitors using mist-nets and infrared cameras. We determined the nocturnal nectar production pattern, estimating the energetic content of this reward. All four bromeliads are self-compatible, but only P. recurvata appears to require pollinators, because the physical separation between anthers and stigma prevents self-pollination, it is xenogamous and presents a strictly nocturnal anthesis. The bats Anoura geoffroyi, Glossophaga soricina and Hylonycteris underwoodi are probable pollinators of three of the studied bromeliads. We did not record any animal visiting the fourth species. The flowering season of each species is staggered throughout the year, with minimal overlap, and the floral morphology segregates the locations on the body of the bat where the pollen is deposited. The most abundant nectar per flower is provided by P. viridiflora, but P. recurvata offers the best reward per hectare, considering the density of flowering plants. Staggered flowering, different pollen deposition sites on the body of the pollinator and differences in the reward offered may have evolved to reduce the competitive costs of sharing pollinators while providing a constant supply of food to maintain a stable nectarivorous bat community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Adrián Aguilar-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos, Col. Centro, C.P. Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Apartado, Panamá, Republica de Panamáa
| | - José G García-Franco
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, C.P. Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Thorsten Krömer
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos, Col. Centro, C.P. Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - M Cristina MacSwiney G
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos, Col. Centro, C.P. Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Göttlinger T, Schwerdtfeger M, Tiedge K, Lohaus G. What Do Nectarivorous Bats Like? Nectar Composition in Bromeliaceae With Special Emphasis on Bat-Pollinated Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:205. [PMID: 30847001 PMCID: PMC6393375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is the most important reward for pollinators and an integral component of the pollination syndrome. Nectar research has mainly focused on sugars or amino acids, whereas more comprehensive studies on the nectar composition of closely related plant species with different pollination types are rather limited. Nectar composition as well as concentrations of sugars, amino acids, inorganic ions, and organic acids were analyzed for 147 species of Bromeliaceae. This plant family shows a high diversity in terms of floral morphology, flowering time, and predominant pollination types (trochilophilous, trochilophilous/entomophilous, psychophilous, sphingophilous, chiropterophilous). Based on the analyses, we examined the relationship between nectar traits and pollination type in this family. Nectar of all analyzed species contained high amounts of sugars with different proportions of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The total concentrations of amino acids, inorganic cations, and anions, or organic acids were much lower. The analyses revealed that the sugar composition, the concentrations of inorganic cations and anions as well as the concentration of malate in nectar of bat-pollinated species differed significantly from nectar of species with other pollination types. Flowers of bat-pollinated species contained a higher volume of nectar, which results in a total of about 25-fold higher amounts of sugar in bat-pollinated species than in insect-pollinated species. This difference was even higher for amino acids, inorganic anions and cations, and organic acids (between 50 and 100-fold). In general, bat-pollinated plant species invest large amounts of organic and inorganic compounds for their pollinators. Furthermore, statistical analyses reveal that the characteristics of nectar in Bromeliaceae are more strongly determined by the pollinator type rather than by taxonomic groups or phylogenetic relations. However, a considerable part of the variance cannot be explained by either of the variables, which means that additional factors must be responsible for the differences in the nectar composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Göttlinger
- Molecular Plant Science and Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Schwerdtfeger
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kira Tiedge
- Molecular Plant Science and Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gertrud Lohaus
- Molecular Plant Science and Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hervías-Parejo S, Traveset A. Pollination effectiveness of opportunistic Galápagos birds compared to that of insects: From fruit set to seedling emergence. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1142-1153. [PMID: 30035803 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Relying on floral traits to assess pollination systems has been shown to underestimate the ecological service that novel mutualisms can provide. Although vertebrates with opportunistic food habits are common on islands, usually feeding upon flowers of entomophilous species (ES), little is known about how effective they are as pollinators. In a previous study, we had reported that native insectivorous and frugivorous Galápagos birds commonly visit ES flowers, without assessing whether they act as pollinators. Here we investigate this by focusing on three typically ES (Cryptocarpus pyriformis, Waltheria ovata, Cordia lutea) and one mostly ornithophilous species (OS), Opuntia echios. METHODS The quantitative component (QNC: the product of floral visit frequency and number of flowers contacted) and qualitative components (QLC: fruit and seed set, fruit length, and mass and proportion of seedling emergence) of pollination effectiveness of birds was compared with that of insects. KEY RESULTS Birds were not quantitatively important pollinators compared to insects. However, selective exclusion experiments in the four plant species revealed that all qualitative components of fitness improved when both birds and insects visited the flowers. Our study is the first to confirm pollination effectiveness of ES by native opportunistic birds. CONCLUSIONS The Galápagos pollination systems are probably more generalized than previous data suggested and, given that ES dominate the flora of this archipelago, we argue that, contrary to expectation, birds might have an important role in maintaining the reproductive success and diversity of plant communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hervías-Parejo
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Global Change Research Group, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Anna Traveset
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Global Change Research Group, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dafni A, Vereecken NJ. Pollination biology from micro-morphological adaptations to community ecology of plant-pollinator interactions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:3-8. [PMID: 26768999 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dafni
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel.
| | - N J Vereecken
- Agroecology & Pollination Group, Landscape Ecology & Plant Production Systems, Interfaculty School of Bioengineering, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Queiroz JA, Quirino ZGM, Machado IC. Floral traits driving reproductive isolation of two co-flowering taxa that share vertebrate pollinators. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv127. [PMID: 26558704 PMCID: PMC4676799 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Floral attributes evolve in response to frequent and efficient pollinators, which are potentially important drivers of floral diversification and reproductive isolation. In this context, we asked, how do flowers evolve in a bat-hummingbird pollination system? Hence, we investigated the pollination ecology of two co-flowering Ipomoea taxa (I. marcellia and I. aff. marcellia) pollinated by bats and hummingbirds, and factors favouring reproductive isolation and pollinator sharing in these plants. To identify the most important drivers of reproductive isolation, we compared the flowers of the two Ipomoea taxa in terms of morphometry, anthesis and nectar production. Pollinator services were assessed using frequency of visits, fruit set and the number of seeds per fruit after visits. The studied Ipomoea taxa differed in corolla size and width, beginning and duration of anthesis, and nectar attributes. However, they shared the same diurnal and nocturnal visitors. The hummingbird Heliomaster squamosus was more frequent in I. marcellia (1.90 visits h(-1)) than in I. aff. marcellia (0.57 visits h(-1)), whereas glossophagine bats showed similar visit rates in both taxa (I. marcellia: 0.57 visits h(-1) and I. aff. marcellia: 0.64 visits h(-1)). Bat pollination was more efficient in I. aff. marcellia, whereas pollination by hummingbirds was more efficient in I. marcellia. Differences in floral attributes between Ipomoea taxa, especially related to the anthesis period, length of floral parts and floral arrangement in the inflorescence, favour reproductive isolation from congeners through differential pollen placement on pollinators. This bat-hummingbird pollination system seems to be advantageous in the study area, where the availability of pollinators and floral resources changes considerably throughout the year, mainly as a result of rainfall seasonality. This interaction is beneficial for both sides, as it maximizes the number of potential pollen vectors for plants and resource availability for pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50372-970 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Zelma G M Quirino
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, CCAE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50372-970 Recife, PE, Brazil Departamento de Botânica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50372-970 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|