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He K, Liu Q, Zhang J, Zhang G, Li G. Biochar Enhances the Resistance of Legumes and Soil Microbes to Extreme Short-Term Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4155. [PMID: 38140481 PMCID: PMC10748378 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Short-term drought events occur more frequently and more intensively under global climate change. Biochar amendment has been documented to ameliorate the negative effects of water deficits on plant performance. Moreover, biochar can alter the soil microbial community, soil properties and soil metabolome, resulting in changes in soil functioning. We aim to reveal the extent of biochar addition on soil nutrients and the soil microbial community structure and how this improves the tolerance of legume crops (peanuts) to short-term extreme drought. We measured plant performances under different contents of biochar, set as a gradient of 2%, 3% and 4%, after an extreme experimental drought. In addition, we investigated how soil bacteria and fungi respond to biochar additions and how the soil metabolome changes in response to biochar amendments, with combined growth experiments, high-throughput sequencing and soil omics. The results indicated that biochar increased nitrites and available phosphorus. Biochar was found to influence the soil bacterial community structure more intensively than the soil fungal community. Additionally, the fungal community showed a higher randomness under biochar addition when experiencing short-term extreme drought compared to the bacterial community. Soil bacteria may be more strongly related to soil nutrient cycling in peanut agricultural systems. Although the soil metabolome has been documented to be influenced by biochar addition independent of soil moisture, we found more differential metabolites with a higher biochar content. We suggest that biochar enhances the resistance of plants and soil microbes to short-term extreme drought by indirectly modifying soil functioning probably due to direct changes in soil moisture and soil pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang He
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China;
| | - Qiangbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Jialei Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Guanchu Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China;
| | - Guolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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2
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Ab Razak N, Gange AC, Sutton BC, Mansor A. The Invasive Plant Impatiens glandulifera Manipulates Microbial Associates of Competing Native Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1552. [PMID: 37050178 PMCID: PMC10096542 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Impatiens glandulifera or Himalayan balsam is one of the most invasive weeds across Europe and can seriously reduce native plant diversity. It often forms continuous monocultures along river banks, but the mechanisms of this arrested succession are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on balsam competitive ability with two native plant species, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. We also studied how competition with Impatiens affects colonisation by foliar endophytes and mycorrhizas of two other co-occurring native species, Urtica dioica and Cirsium arvense. Mycorrhizal colonisation reduced balsam growth when the plants were grown singly, but appeared to have little effect when balsam experienced intra- or interspecific competition. Competition with balsam together with the addition of mycorrhizas had no effect on P. lanceolata biomass, suggesting that the fungi were beneficial to the latter, enabling it to compete effectively with balsam. However, this was not so with H. lanatus. Meanwhile, competition with Impatiens reduced endophyte numbers and mycorrhizal colonisation in U. dioica and C. arvense, leading to enhanced susceptibility of these plants to insect attack. Himalayan balsam is known to degrade soil fungal populations and can also reduce foliar beneficial fungi in neighbouring plants. This allows the plant to compete effectively with itself and other native species, thereby leading to the continuous monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ab Razak
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Alan C. Gange
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK; (A.C.G.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Brian C. Sutton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK; (A.C.G.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Asyraf Mansor
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
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Thakur MP, Risch AC, van der Putten WH. Biotic responses to climate extremes in terrestrial ecosystems. iScience 2022; 25:104559. [PMID: 35784794 PMCID: PMC9240802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the incidence of climate extremes. Consequences of climate extremes on biodiversity can be highly detrimental, yet few studies also suggest beneficial effects of climate extremes on certain organisms. To obtain a general understanding of ecological responses to climate extremes, we present a review of how 16 major taxonomic/functional groups (including microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates) respond during extreme drought, precipitation, and temperature. Most taxonomic/functional groups respond negatively to extreme events, whereas groups such as mosses, legumes, trees, and vertebrate predators respond most negatively to climate extremes. We further highlight that ecological recovery after climate extremes is challenging to predict purely based on ecological responses during or immediately after climate extremes. By accounting for the characteristics of the recovering species, resource availability, and species interactions with neighboring competitors or facilitators, mutualists, and enemies, we outline a conceptual framework to better predict ecological recovery in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Switzerland
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Meyer E, Betancur-Agudelo M, Ventura BS, Dos Anjos KG, do Scarsanella JA, Vieira AS, Mendes L, Stoffel SCG, Munarini A, Soares CRFS, Lovato PE. Mycorrhizal root colonization in maize fields is more affected by soil management and climate conditions than by plant genotype. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4609-4618. [PMID: 34165624 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to characterize the arbuscular mycorrhizal association between maize genotypes and the effects of soil physical-chemical attributes on the symbiosis. A preliminary greenhouse assay evaluated five maize landraces and five conventional modern genotypes in non-sterile, low-P soil. Sixty days after sowing, we measured plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry biomass, root colonization structures, and shoot P concentration and total accumulation. In a second stage, a 2-year on-farm study evaluated how soil physical-chemical attributes in fields with three plant genotype groups affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis in a maize diversity microcenter in Southern Brazil. We collected soil and plant material in farms growing landrace, conventional modern genotypes, or genetically modified (GM) maize. There were five collection points at each group, and we measured mycorrhizal colonization, soil physicochemical attributes, and shoot phosphorus concentration. The greenhouse study showed that genotypes have different growth strategies for root production and shoot growth. No differences in mycorrhizal colonization rates occurred among landraces and modern maize genotypes in the low-P soil. The field study showed that soil and climate conditions had a more marked effect on mycorrhizal root colonization than plant genotype groups (landrace, conventional modern genotypes, or GM maize).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenilson Meyer
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
| | - Marcelo Betancur-Agudelo
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Santos Ventura
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Karina Goulart Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Juliana Amaral do Scarsanella
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - André Steiner Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Lucas Mendes
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Shantau Camargo Gomes Stoffel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Anderson Munarini
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Cláudio Roberto Fonseca Sousa Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Paulo Emílio Lovato
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Zhang H, Yu H, Zhou C, Zhao H, Qian X. Aboveground net primary productivity not CO2 exchange remain stable under three timing of extreme drought in a semi-arid steppe. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214418. [PMID: 30913282 PMCID: PMC6435166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precipitation patterns are expected to change in the semi-arid region within the next decades, with projected increasing in extreme drought events. Meanwhile, the timing of extreme drought also shows great uncertainty, suggesting that the timing of drought, especially during growing season, may subsequently impose stronger stress on ecosystem functions than drought itself. However, how the timing of extreme drought will impact on community productivity and carbon cycle is still not clear. In this study, three timing of extreme drought (a consecutive 30-day period without precipitation event) experiments were set up separately in early-, mid- and late-growing season in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia since 2013. The data, including soil water content (SWC), soil temperature (ST) chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm), ecosystem respiration (Re), gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem carbon absorption (NEE) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) were collected in growing season (from May to September) of 2016. In this study, extreme drought significantly decreased SWC during the drought treatment but not for the whole growing season. Extreme drought decreased maximum quantum efficiency of plant photosystem II (Fv/Fm) under "optimum" value (0.75~0.85) of two dominant species (Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis). While ANPP kept stable under extreme drought treatments due to the different responses of two dominant species, which brought a compensating effect in relative abundance and biomass. In addition, only early-growing season drought significantly decreased the average Re (P < 0.01) and GPP (P < 0.01) and depressed net CO2 uptake (P < 0.01) than mid- and late-growing season drought. ST and SWC influenced the changes of GPP directly and indirectly through photosynthetic ability of the dominant species by path analysis. Our results indicated that the timing of drought should be considered in carbon cycle models to accurately estimate carbon exchange and productivity of semi-arid grasslands in the context of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Foreign Languages, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoting Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Cabral C, Wollenweber B, António C, Rodrigues AM, Ravnskov S. Aphid infestation in the phyllosphere affects primary metabolic profiles in the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphosphere. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14442. [PMID: 30262837 PMCID: PMC6160425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While effects of (a)biotic stress events in the phyllosphere have been studied intensively, possible influences of stress on the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphosphere has scarcely been investigated. We hypothesised that stress challenge in the phyllosphere could alter primary metabolite profiles of the hyphosphere - the mycelial network connecting plants. Donor plants, connected to receiver plants by mycelial networks, were aphid-challenged during 84 h. Primary metabolite profiles in the hyphosphere were investigated. Gene-expression of plant defence gene PR1 was measured in one of the receiver plants during the challenge. Hexose levels in the hyphosphere increased when donor plants were aphid-challenged. This change in metabolic profile was influenced by leaf sampling from receiver plant. PR1 expression increased in donor plants 48 h after challenge, and consequently 60 h after, in receiver plants. We conclude that aphid infestation of donor plants modified primary carbon metabolism in the hyphosphere. Plant defence response in receiver plants, occurred 12 h after detection of response in the aphid-challenged donor plants. While this work is the first to reveal primary metabolic profiles of the AM hyphosphere, more work is needed to elucidate the possible role of transient changes of hexose metabolism in stress response and signalling processes in the hyphosphere of connected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Cabral
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bernd Wollenweber
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sabine Ravnskov
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
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Shahriari Z, Heidari B, Dadkhodaie A. Dissection of genotype × environment interactions for mucilage and seed yield in Plantago species: Application of AMMI and GGE biplot analyses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196095. [PMID: 29715274 PMCID: PMC5929508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) is an important aspect of both plant breeding and the successful introduction of new cultivars. In the present study, additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and genotype (G) main effects and genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction (GGE) biplot analyses were used to identify stable genotypes and to dissect GEI in Plantago. In total, 10 managed field trials were considered as environments to analyze GEI in thirty genotypes belonging to eight Plantago species. Genotypes were evaluated in a drought stress treatment and in normal irrigation conditions at two locations in Shiraz (Bajgah) for three years (2013-2014- 2015) and Kooshkak (Marvdasht, Fars, Iran) for two years (2014–2015). Three traits, seed yield and mucilage yield and content, were measured at each experimental site and in natural Plantago habitats. AMMI2 biplot analyses identified genotypes from several species with higher stability for seed yield and other genotypes with stable mucilage content and yield. P. lanceolata (G26), P. officinalis (G10), P. ovata (G14), P. ampleexcaulis (G11) and P. major (G4) had higher stability for seed yield. For mucilage yield, G21, G18 and G20 (P. psyllium), G1, G2 and G4 (P. major), G9 and G10 (P. officinalis) and P. lanceolata were identified as stable. G13 (P. ovata), G5 and G6 (P. major) and G30 (P. lagopus) had higher stability for mucilage content. No one genotype was found to have high levels of stability for more than one trait but some species had more than one genotype exhibiting stable trait performance. Based on trait variation, GGE biplot analysis identified two representative environments, one for seed yield and one for mucilage yield and content, with good discriminating ability. The identification of stable genotypes and representative environments should assist the breeding of new Plantago cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolfaghar Shahriari
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Heidari
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Dadkhodaie
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Molineux CJ, Gange AC, Newport DJ. Using soil microbial inoculations to enhance substrate performance on extensive green roofs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:846-856. [PMID: 28034543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Green roofs are increasing in popularity in the urban environment for their contribution to green infrastructure; but their role for biodiversity is not often a design priority. Maximising biodiversity will impact positively on ecosystem services and is therefore fundamental for achieving the greatest benefits from green roofs. Extensive green roofs are lightweight systems generally constructed with a specialised growing medium that tends to be biologically limited and as such can be a harsh habitat for plants to thrive in. Thus, this investigation aimed to enhance the soil functioning with inoculations of soil microbes to increase plant diversity, improve vegetation health/performance and maximise access to soil nutrients. Manipulations included the addition of mycorrhizal fungi and a microbial mixture ('compost tea') to green roof rootzones, composed mainly of crushed brick or crushed concrete. The study revealed that growing media type and depth play a vital role in the microbial ecology of green roofs, with complex relationships between depth and type of substrate and the type of microbial inoculant applied, with no clear pattern being observed. For bait plant measurements (heights, leaf numbers, root/shoot biomass, leaf nutrients), a compost tea may have positive effects on plant performance when grown in substrates of shallower depths (5.5cm), even one year after inoculums are applied. Results from the species richness surveys show that diversity was significantly increased with the application of an AM fungal treatment and that overall, results suggest that brick-based substrate blends are most effective for vegetation performance as are deeper depths (although this varied with time). Microbial inoculations of green roof habitats appeared to be sustainable; they need only be done once for benefits to still been seen in subsequent years where treatments are added independently (not in combination). They seem to be a novel and viable method of enhancing rooftop conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Molineux
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, Docklands Campus, 4-6 University Way, London E16 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Alan C Gange
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl J Newport
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, Docklands Campus, 4-6 University Way, London E16 2RD, United Kingdom
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