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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Li L, Ouyang S, Jiang M, Tissue DT, Duan H. Acclimation to Warming Shapes Gas Exchange and Metabolic Responses to Heat Shock in Pinus massoniana Seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2025; 177:e70265. [PMID: 40401636 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.70265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
The sensitivity of physiological and metabolic processes in subtropical trees to temperature remains uncertain, limiting our ability to predict how subtropical forests will acclimate to future climates. In particular, our understanding of gas exchange and metabolic activity responses to warming and heat shocks is quite limited. Here, we exposed Pinus massoniana seedlings to three daytime growth temperatures (25°C, 3°C, and 35°C) for 65 days, followed by a heat shock up to 40°C, then immediately reduced to 25°C, to investigate physiological and metabolic responses. The optimal temperature of photosynthesis (ToptA) did not exhibit a significant shift with warming. Metabolism acclimated to rising growth temperature, resulting in enriched levels of key metabolites (tryptophan, indole, indoleacetate, and o-Phospho-L-serine) and key pathways (tryptophan metabolism). At 25°C, leaf dark respiration (Rd) decreased in warm-grown seedlings. At 40°C (heat shock period), warming reduced Rd, accumulated flavonoid metabolites, and upregulated tryptophan metabolism. After recovery to 25°C, higher growth temperatures decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Asat), accumulated prenol lipid metabolites, and led to enrichment in tryptophan metabolism, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. Our findings suggest that photosynthesis in P. massoniana seedlings exhibits limited thermal acclimation, while respiration and metabolism can acclimate under short-term warming. However, acclimation to warming altered both physiological and metabolic responses to heat shock and during the subsequent recovery phase in seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingkai Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Australia
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Crous KY, Middleby KB, Cheesman AW, Bouet AYM, Schiffer M, Liddell MJ, Barton CVM, Cernusak LA. Leaf warming in the canopy of mature tropical trees reduced photosynthesis due to downregulation of photosynthetic capacity and reduced stomatal conductance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 245:1421-1436. [PMID: 39644130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Tropical forests play a large role in the global carbon cycle by annually absorbing 30% of our annual carbon emissions. However, these forests have evolved under relatively stable temperature conditions and may be sensitive to current climate warming. Few experiments have investigated the effects of warming on large, mature trees to better understand how higher temperatures affect these forests in situ. We targeted four tree species (Endiandra microneura, Castanospermum australe, Cleistanthus myrianthus and Myristica globosa) of the Australian tropical rainforest and warmed leaves in the canopy by 4°C for 8 months. We measured temperature response curves of photosynthesis and respiration, and determined the critical temperatures for chloroplast function based on Chl fluorescence. Both stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were strongly reduced by 48 and 35%, respectively, with warming. While reduced stomatal conductance was likely in response to higher vapour pressure deficit, the biochemistry of photosynthesis responded to higher temperatures via reduced Vcmax25 (-28%) and Jmax25 (-29%). There was no shift of the Topt of photosynthesis. Concurrently, respiration rates at a common temperature did not change in response to warming, suggesting limited respiratory thermal acclimation. This combination of physiological responses to leaf warming in mature tropical trees may suggest a reduced carbon sink with future warming in tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kali B Middleby
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Angelina Y M Bouet
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Michele Schiffer
- Division of Research - Research Infrastructure, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
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Bruhn D. Variation in Q10 of night-time leaf respiratory CO2 efflux by factors other than measurement temperature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:1726-1728. [PMID: 39187915 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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Quan PQ, Guo PL, He J, Liu XD. Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of a migratory insect pest to global warming. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17493. [PMID: 39132714 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rising global temperatures, the mechanisms behind an organism's ability to acclimate to heat stress remain enigmatic. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, traditionally viewed as temperature-sensitive, paradoxically exhibits robust larval acclimation to heat stress. This study used the heat-acclimated strain HA39, developed through multigenerational exposure to 39°C during the larval stage, and the unacclimated strain HA27 reared at 27°C to unravel the transgenerational effects of heat acclimation and its regulatory mechanisms. Heat acclimation for larvae incurred a fitness cost in pupae when exposed to high temperature, yet a significant transgenerational effect surfaced, revealing heightened fitness benefit in pupae from HA39, even without additional heat exposure during larval recovery at 27°C. This transgenerational effect exhibited a short-term memory, diminishing after two recovery generations. Moreover, the effect correlated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and expression levels of oxidoreductase genes, representing physiological and molecular foundations of heat acclimation. Heat-acclimated larvae displayed elevated DNA methylation levels, while pupae from HA39, in recovery generations, exhibited decreased methylation indicated by the upregulation of a demethylase gene and downregulation of two methyltransferase genes at high temperatures. In summary, heat acclimation induces DNA methylation, orchestrating heat-stress memory and influencing the expression levels of oxidoreductase genes and SOD activity. Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of the migratory insect pest to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Qi Quan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan-Long Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li M, Song Z, Li Z, Qiao R, Zhang P, Ding C, Xie J, Chen Y, Guo H. Populus root exudates are associated with rhizosphere microbial communities and symbiotic patterns. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042944. [PMID: 36619999 PMCID: PMC9812961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbial communities in the plant rhizosphere are critical for nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. However, how root exudates and soil physicochemical characteristics affect microbial community composition in Populus rhizosphere is not well understood. Methods This study measured soil physiochemistry properties and root exudates in a representative forest consists of four Populus species. The composition of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities was determined by metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Results Luvangetin, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, oleuropein, strigol, chrysin, and linoleic acid were the differential root exudates extracted in the rhizosphere of four Populus species, which explained 48.40, 82.80, 48.73, and 59.64% of the variance for the dominant and key bacterial or fungal communities, respectively. Data showed that differential root exudates were the main drivers of the changes in the rhizosphere microbial communities. Nitrosospira, Microvirga, Trichoderma, Cortinarius, and Beauveria were the keystone taxa in the rhizosphere microbial communities, and are thus important for maintaining a stable Populus microbial rhizosphere. The differential root exudates had strong impact on key bacteria than dominant bacteria, key fungi, and dominant fungi. Moreover, strigol had positively effects with bacteria, whereas phenolic compounds and chrysin were negatively correlated with rhizosphere microorganisms. The assembly process of the community structure (keystone taxa and bacterial dominant taxa) was mostly determined by stochastic processes. Discussion This study showed the association of rhizosphere microorganisms (dominant and keystone taxa) with differential root exudates in the rhizosphere of Populus plants, and revealed the assembly process of the dominant and keystone taxa. It provides a theoretical basis for the identification and utilization of beneficial microorganisms in Populus rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongye Qiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingdong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hui Guo,
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Wang X, Xu C, Xiong D, Yao X, Chen T, Jiang Q, Jia L, Fan A, Chen G. Root age-related response of fine root respiration of Chinese fir seedlings to soil warming. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1177-1187. [PMID: 35043963 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The variation in fine root respiration with root age provides insight into root adaptation to climate warming, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the respiratory response of fine roots (<1 mm and 1-2 mm) of different ages (2-, 4- and 6-month old) of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)) seedlings to soil warming (4 °C above the control using cable heating). Fine roots were excised to measure the specific respiration rate at a reference temperature of 20 °C (SRR20), and root morphological and chemical traits were measured. Soil warming significantly increased SRR20 by 40% compared with the control, potentially indicating limited acclimation on a short time scale (6 months). However, soil warming increased SRR20 significantly in 2-month-old roots (by 72%) compared with 4- and 6-month-old roots, leading to a steeper decline in SRR20 with root age. This result suggests possible increased nutrient uptake efficiency in young fine roots under warmer temperatures. Soil warming significantly increased specific root length (SRL) but not root tissue nitrogen concentration (RTN). The variation in SRR20 between warming treatments, but not across root ages, was predicted by SRL and RTN individually or together. Our findings conclusively indicate that soil warming increased the respiration cost of young fine roots, which was predicted by adjusting for SRL and RTN, indicating that Chinese fir may adopt a faster fine root turnover strategy to enhance nutrient uptake and soil exploitation under warmer temperatures. Future studies should simultaneously investigate age-related root respiration and nutrient uptake in warming experiments to better understand the effects of warming on root metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chensen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Decheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Linqiao Jia
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ailian Fan
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Guangshui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan road No.8, Cangshan district, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Crous KY, Uddling J, De Kauwe MG. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in evergreen trees from boreal to tropical latitudes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:353-374. [PMID: 35007351 PMCID: PMC9994441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen species are widespread across the globe, representing two major plant functional forms in terrestrial models. We reviewed and analysed the responses of photosynthesis and respiration to warming in 101 evergreen species from boreal to tropical biomes. Summertime temperatures affected both latitudinal gas exchange rates and the degree of responsiveness to experimental warming. The decrease in net photosynthesis at 25°C (Anet25 ) was larger with warming in tropical climates than cooler ones. Respiration at 25°C (R25 ) was reduced by 14% in response to warming across species and biomes. Gymnosperms were more sensitive to greater amounts of warming than broadleaved evergreens, with Anet25 and R25 reduced c. 30-40% with > 10°C warming. While standardised rates of carboxylation (Vcmax25 ) and electron transport (Jmax25 ) adjusted to warming, the magnitude of this adjustment was not related to warming amount (range 0.6-16°C). The temperature optimum of photosynthesis (ToptA ) increased on average 0.34°C per °C warming. The combination of more constrained acclimation of photosynthesis and increasing respiration rates with warming could possibly result in a reduced carbon sink in future warmer climates. The predictable patterns of thermal acclimation across biomes provide a strong basis to improve modelling predictions of the future terrestrial carbon sink with warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y. Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
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