1
|
Kalčíková P, Přidalová M. The Influence of Somatic Maturity on Anthropometrics and Body Composition in Youth Soccer Players. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1732. [PMID: 38002823 PMCID: PMC10670197 DOI: 10.3390/children10111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this investigation was to compare players' anthropometric (AP) and body composition (BC) characteristics between distinct maturity bands (pre-PHV, circa-PHV, post-PHV) in youth elite soccer. This study considered 320 male soccer players (mean age 13.8 y). Participants were from U14 (n = 157) and U15 (n = 163) age categories. The Khamis-Roche method was applied to calculate the percentage of predicted adult height (PAH) at the time of assessment based on which the players were further divided into maturity bands (pre-PHV ≤ 87%, circa-PHV = 88-95%, post-PHV > 95%). The findings indicated that most of the players were in the circa-PHV stage at the time of investigation. Measurements included height and weight. The estimates of BC parameters were derived using bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis. These various AP and BC attributes displayed significant differences among the maturity bands (F = 139.344-7.925; p < 0.001; large effect sizes) except in body fat mass (BFM) (F = 2.998; p = 0.051; small effect size). The current somatic maturity stage of the athletes should be considered when evaluating BC results, otherwise there is a risk of misinterpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Kalčíková
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enríquez-del-Castillo LA, Ornelas-López A, De León LG, Cervantes-Hernández N, Quintana-Mendias E, Flores LA. Strength and VO 2max Changes by Exercise Training According to Maturation State in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9070938. [PMID: 35883922 PMCID: PMC9320190 DOI: 10.3390/children9070938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are widely recognized; however, biological maturation contributions are a subject that has been little studied, which is why the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a six-week training program at moderate-intensity on the muscular strength and aerobic capacity in children between nine and 13 years (13 ± 1.0 years) according to their maturation state. Twenty-six schoolchildren (15 girls) participated in a six-week physical exercise program based on aerobic/anaerobic capacity and coordination skills. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), trunk-lift, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength (both hands) were measured as response variables. Body mass index (BMI), skeletal maturity indicator (SMI), peak height velocity (PHV), age on peak height velocity (APHV) and sex were considered as covariates. The results of VO2max, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength were higher after the exercise program in the whole group (p < 0.05). The VO2max showed a greater increase in the normal-weight than in the overweight-obesity children (p = 0.001). Higher results in dominant handgrip strength were observed in girls (p = 0.003). The PHV before intervention presented a positive correlation with the dominant handgrip strength in all kids (r = 0.70, p = 0.001). As a conclusion, the six-week training program improved the physical fitness of children independent of the maturation state. Somatic maturation increases the physical abilities in schoolchildren.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pate RR, Dowda M, Dishman RK, Gorab J, Bucko A, Saunders RP. Longitudinal association of biological maturation with physical activity behaviors in girls transitioning from 5th to 7th grade. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23737. [PMID: 35213763 PMCID: PMC9253076 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This longitudinal study determined if social cognitive variables influence physical activity in girls stratified on the basis of maturity status. Methods Participants attended South Carolina public schools (Mage in 5th grade = 11.1 years) and included a cohort of 529 girls who provided physical activity data in the 5th grade and in 6th and/or 7th grade. The measure of maturity status was age at peak height velocity (APHV) estimated from maturity offset when the children were in the 5th grade. The Earlier Maturity (EM) group included girls whose APHV was one standard deviation or more below the mean APHV for the full sample. All other girls were placed in the Later Maturity (LM) group. Physical activity was assessed at each time point via accelerometry. Social‐cognitive variables were assessed at each time point by a questionnaire measuring self‐efficacy, enjoyment, competence, appearance, fitness, and social motives for physical activity. Growth curves for the total, Earlier Maturing, and Later Maturing groups assessed relationships between physical activity over time and time‐varying social cognitive variables. Results Physical activity was lower in the Earlier Maturing group and was positively associated with self‐efficacy and enjoyment motivation in the total group. These relationships were observed in the 5th grade and maintained through 7th grade. In the Later Maturing group, we observed positive relationships between physical activity and self‐efficacy, enjoyment and competence motivation. Conclusions Strategies to increase confidence, skills, and enjoyment of physical activity may only be effective for promoting activity among later maturing girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rod K Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Gorab
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Agnes Bucko
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruth P Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Radnor JM, Staines J, Bevan J, Cumming SP, Kelly AL, Lloyd RS, Oliver JL. Maturity Has a Greater Association than Relative Age with Physical Performance in English Male Academy Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:171. [PMID: 34941809 PMCID: PMC8705996 DOI: 10.3390/sports9120171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to: (1) examine differences in physical performance across birth-quartiles and maturity-status, and (2) determine the relationships among relative age, maturation and physical performance in young male soccer players. The sample included 199 males aged between 8.1 and 18.9 years, from two professional soccer academies in the English Football League. Data were collected for height, weight, self-reported biological parent heights, 30 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Relative age was conveyed as a decimal, while maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height (PAH). There were no significant differences in any measure between birth quartiles, however early maturers outperformed on-time and later maturers in most performance measures. Pearson-product-moment correlations revealed that maturation was inversely associated with 30 m sprint time in U12 to U16 (r = -0.370-0.738; p < 0.05), but only positively associated with CMJ performance in U12 (r = 0.497; p < 0.05). In contrast, relative age was unrelated to sprint performance and only significantly associated with superior CMJ performance in U16. This study indicates that maturity has a greater association with sprint performance than relative age in English male academy soccer players. Practitioners should monitor and assess biological maturation in young soccer players to attempt to control for the influence on physical performance, and avoid biasing selection on absolute performance rather than identifying the most talented player.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Radnor
- Youth Physical Development Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK; (R.S.L.); (J.L.O.)
| | - Jacob Staines
- Exeter City Football Club, Exeter EX4 6PX, UK; (J.S.); (J.B.)
| | - James Bevan
- Exeter City Football Club, Exeter EX4 6PX, UK; (J.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Sean P. Cumming
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Adam L. Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK;
| | - Rhodri S. Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK; (R.S.L.); (J.L.O.)
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
| | - Jon L. Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK; (R.S.L.); (J.L.O.)
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patel TS, McGregor A, Williams K, Cumming SP, Williams S. The influence of growth and training loads on injury risk in competitive trampoline gymnasts. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2632-2641. [PMID: 34219613 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1948259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is currently limited research exploring the relationship between growth, training load and injury in gymnasts. Twenty-one national level, trampoline gymnasts recorded training load and injury for 8-weeks. Percentage of predicted adult height (%PAH) was calculated using the Khamis-Roche method and used to define growth spurt status. Training load was calculated using the session rate of perceived exertion and analysed as differential loads and as a 7-day exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA7day). There was a significant non-linear association between %PAH and the probability of injury when adjusting for either training load metric (differential load, P = 0.015; EWMA7day; P = 0.008), with the highest injury risk estimated at ~90% PAH (circa growth spurt). The probability of injury significantly increased with increases in EWMA7day training load (RR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.21- 2.91, P = 0.005) but not with differential load. No significant interaction between %PAH, training load and the probability of injury were observed. Data suggest that competitive trampoline gymnasts are at an increased risk of injury during the adolescent growth spurt or with higher weekly training loads. Coaches should be educated and encouraged to identify periods of rapid growth and monitor training load, to reduce the risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Sarika Patel
- British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Alex McGregor
- British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK
| | - Karen Williams
- British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klünder-Klünder M, Espinosa-Espindola M, Lopez-Gonzalez D, Loyo MSC, Suárez PD, Miranda-Lora AL. Skeletal Maturation in the Current Pediatric Mexican Population. Endocr Pract 2021; 26:1053-1061. [PMID: 33471706 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most commonly used methods for bone age (BA) reading were described in the Caucasian population decades ago. However, there are secular trends in skeletal maturation and different BA patterns between ethnic groups. Automated BA reading makes updating references easier and more precise than human reading. The objective of the present study was to present automated BA reference curves according to chronological age and gender in the Mexican population and compare the maturation tempo with that of other populations. METHODS The study included 923 healthy participants aged 5 to 18 years between 2017 and 2018. A hand radio-graph was analyzed using BoneXpert software to obtain the automated BA reading according to Greulich and Pyle (G&P) and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2) references. We constructed reference curves using the average difference between the BA and chronological age according to sex and age. RESULTS The G&P and TW2 automated reference curves showed that Mexican boys exhibit delays in BA during middle childhood by 0.5 to 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.9 to -0.2) years; however, they demonstrate an advanced BA of up to 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.4) years at the end of puberty. Mexican girls exhibited a delay in BA by 0.3 to 0.6 (95% CI, -0.9 to -0.1) years before puberty and an advanced BA of up to 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.2) years at the end of puberty. CONCLUSION Mexican children aged <10 years exhibited a delay in skeletal maturity, followed by an advanced BA by approximately 1 year at the end of puberty. This may affect the estimation of growth potential in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Deputy Director of Research, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Espinosa-Espindola
- Endocrinological and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Pilar Dies Suárez
- Radiology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - América Liliana Miranda-Lora
- Endocrinological and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parr J, Winwood K, Hodson-Tole E, Deconinck FJA, Parry L, Hill JP, Malina RM, Cumming SP. Predicting the timing of the peak of the pubertal growth spurt in elite male youth soccer players: evaluation of methods. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:400-408. [PMID: 32543933 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1782989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three commonly used non-invasive protocols are implemented to estimate the timing at which PHV most likely occurs. Accurate estimation of circumpubertal years can aid in managing training load of adolescent athletes. AIM Three protocols were compared against observed age at PHV: an estimate of 13.8 ± 1.0 years - generic age at PHV (from longitudinal measures); an estimate based on the maturity offset equation, predicted age at PHV ±1.0 year; a window of PHV based on 85-96% of predicted adult height at time of observation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A final sample of 23 (from 28) adolescent male participants were selected from the academy of an English Premier League club. Anthropometric measures were collected across five playing seasons; age at PHV was estimated with Super-Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR). The three protocols were compared based on measures at 13.0 years. Results and Conclusions: An age window based on predicted maturity offset did not improve estimation of PHV compared to generic age method; however, the percentage of predicted adult height window showed improvement in performance shown by the following results. Predicted age at PHV correctly assigned 15 participants (65%) as experiencing PHV, while the percentage height correctly assigned 17 participants (74%). Generic age and predicted age at PHV correctly predicted observed age at PHV for 14 participants (61%), percentage of adult height window correctly predicted 22 participants (96%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Parr
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Manchester United Football Club, Manchester, UK
| | - Keith Winwood
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Hodson-Tole
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Les Parry
- Manchester United Football Club, Manchester, UK
| | - James P Hill
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert M Malina
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Myburgh GK, Pfeifer CE, Hecht CJ. Warm-ups for Youth Athletes: Making the First 15-Minutes Count. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
Moore SA, Cumming SP, Balletta G, Ramage K, Eisenmann JC, Baxter-Jones ADG, Jackowski SA, Sherar LB. Exploring the relationship between adolescent biological maturation, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:365-383. [PMID: 32996818 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1805006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Across adolescence, there is a notable decline in physical activity in boys and girls. Maturational timing may be a risk factor for disengagement from physical activity and increased sedentary behaviours during adolescence. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to summarise literature that examined the relationship between maturational timing, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescents. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched for articles that assessed biological maturation and physical activity (including sports participation and active transportation) or sedentary behaviours in adolescents. Two reviewers conducted title, abstract, and full-text screening, reference and forward citation searches. Included articles were evaluated for quality using a standardised tool. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the findings due to the heterogeneity of the studies. RESULTS Searches yielded 78 articles (64 unique studies) that met the inclusion criteria, representing 242,316 participants (153,179 unique). Studies ranged from 30.0% (low) to 91.7% (high) in quality. An inverse relationship between maturational timing and physical activity (in 50 and 60% of studies in boys and girls, respectively) and a positive relationship between maturational timing and sedentary behaviour (in 100% and 53% of studies in boys and girls, respectively) was most commonly reported. Evidence supporting an association between maturational timing, sports participation, and active transportation was inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS While this review demonstrates some evidence for early maturational timing as a risk factor for disengagement from physical activity and increase in sedentary behaviours, the reviewed literature also demonstrates that this relationship is complex. Future research that tracks maturity-related variations in physical activity and sedentary behaviours over adolescence is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, Coquitlam, Canada
| | - Sean P Cumming
- Sport, Health, and Exercise Research Group, Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Joey C Eisenmann
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Stefan A Jackowski
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olivares LAF, De León LG, Fragoso MI. Skeletal age prediction model from percentage of adult height in children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15768. [PMID: 32978456 PMCID: PMC7519670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal age (SA) is considered the gold standard to assess the degree of maturation and has been widely used in sports, education and public health areas; however, it requires sophisticated equipment and well-trained technicians. Therefore, it is important to develop non-invasive methods for its evaluation. The aim was to develop an equation to predict SA using the percentage of adult height. SA was measured by Tanner-Whitehouse-3 method, and the percentage of adult height was estimated by two methodologies: Tanner-Whitehouse-3 method (P-TW3) and Khamis-Roche method (P-KR) using 839 schoolchildren of both sexes. Linear regression was used for predicting SA from P-TW3; then P-TW3 was replaced in the equation for P-KR value. Bland-Altman graphs, interclass correlation coefficient and Kappa index were used as validation tests. Model showed a SA predictive capacity of 93.2% in boys and 96.8% in girls. The average differences between SA measured and SA predicted by P-TW3 was 0.0504 (± 0.664) in boys and 0.0144 (± 0.435) in girls (P = 0.229 and 0.667, respectively). When P-TW3 was replaced for P-KR value in the equation, the average differences were - 0.0532 in boys and 0.0850 in girls (P = 0.509 and 0.167 respectively). The present model, based on the percentage of adult height, showed an adequate estimation of SA in children and adolescents and it can be used in the absence of bone X-ray equipment, in healthy boys aged 9 to 15 and girls 8 to 13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia G De León
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Cultura Física, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Maria Isabel Fragoso
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry Exercise, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ehakeem A, Gregson CL, Tobias JH, Lawlor DA. Age at puberty and accelerometer-measured physical activity: Findings from two independent UK cohorts. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:391-399. [PMID: 32380867 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1707284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear if puberty timing influences future physical activity (PA). AIM To investigate the association of puberty timing with PA across adolescence and adulthood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data were from two British cohorts. Participants from an adolescent birth cohort (females = 2349, males = 1720) prospectively reported age at menarche and voice break and had PA recorded by Actigraph accelerometers at ages 14 years and 16 years. A cohort of middle-aged and older adults (40-70 years; females = 48,282; males = 36,112) recalled their age at puberty and had PA (mean acceleration; mg) measured by AxivityAX3 accelerometers. RESULTS After adjustment for age, education, smoking and BMI, per 1-year older age at menarche was associated with higher mean counts/minute at age 14 years (0.07 SD counts/minute; 95% CI = 0.04-0.11) with associations attenuated at age 16 years (0.02; -0.03-0.07). Differences in mean acceleration per older year at menarche were close to the null in women aged 40-49 years (0.02 mg; 0.01-0.03), 50-59 years (0.01; 0.00-0.02) and 60-70 years (0.01; 0.00-0.01). Age at voice break and PA associations were close to the null in both cohorts. CONCLUSION We found a positive association between puberty timing and PA in females which weakened at older ages and limited evidence of an association at any age in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ehakeem
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tanaka C, Janssen X, Pearce M, Parkinson K, Basterfield L, Adamson A, Reilly JJ. Bidirectional Associations Between Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Study in Children. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:918-926. [PMID: 30404530 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported on the associations between obesity and sedentary behavior (SB) or physical activity (PA) in children. This study examined longitudinal and bidirectional associations between adiposity and SB and PA in children. METHODS Participants were 356 children in England. PA was measured at 7 and 9 years of age using accelerometry. Outcome and exposures were time in SB and PAs and concurrent body mass index z score and fat index (FI). RESULTS Adiposity at baseline was positively associated with changes in SB (β = 0.975 for FI) and negatively associated with changes in moderate to vigorous PA (β = -0.285 for body mass index z score, β = -0.607 for FI), vigorous PA (β = -0.095 for FI), and total PA (β = -48.675 for FI), but not vice versa. The changes in SB, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA for children with overweight/obesity were significantly more adverse than those for children with healthy weight. CONCLUSIONS A high body mass index z score or high body fatness at baseline was associated with lower moderate to vigorous PA and vigorous PA after 2 years, but not vice versa, which suggests that in this cohort adiposity influenced PA and SB, but the associations between adiposity and SB or PA were not bidirectional.
Collapse
|
13
|
Relationship Among Changes in Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index in Young Schoolchildren: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2018; 30:426-432. [PMID: 29485937 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To examine the association between sedentary time (ST) and light physical activity (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and body mass index (BMI), and to track these behaviors over a 3-year follow-up in young schoolchildren. METHODS The final sample was 64 children (female: n = 36 or 56.3%), enrolled in schools in Porto, Portugal. Height and mass of children were measured by standard methods, and BMI was then calculated. ST, LPA, and MVPA were measured by accelerometer. Changes (Δ) and relative changes (Δ%) between 2009/2010 and 2012/2013 of ST, LPA, MVPA, and BMI were computed. Multiple linear regression analyses were fit to predict Δ%ST (outcome variable), by Δ%LPA, Δ%MVPA, and Δ%BMI (exposure variables). RESULTS ST increased and LPA decreased significantly for whole sample (both Ps < .05). No statistically significant difference was found for MVPA over time. There were no differences for ΔST, ΔLPA, ΔMVPA, and ΔBMI between boys and girls. The Δ%LPA and Δ%MVPA were negatively associated with Δ%ST, whereas Δ%BMI was positively associated. Tracking coefficients varied from moderate to strong. CONCLUSIONS Time spent in ST increases due to displacement of time in LPA. This reinforces public health measures and suggests the need for interventions focusing on offsetting the decline ST and increasing MVPA during childhood.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cavalcante Neto JL, Sato TDO, Tudella E. Socio-demographic factors influences on guardians’ perception of Developmental Coordination Disorder among Brazilian schoolchildren. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Taylor SL, Curry WB, Knowles ZR, Noonan RJ, McGrane B, Fairclough SJ. Predictors of Segmented School Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children from a Northwest England Low-Income Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14050534. [PMID: 28509887 PMCID: PMC5451985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Schools have been identified as important settings for health promotion through physical activity participation, particularly as children are insufficiently active for health. The aim of this study was to investigate the child and school-level influences on children′s physical activity levels and sedentary time during school hours in a sample of children from a low-income community; Methods: One hundred and eighty-six children (110 boys) aged 9–10 years wore accelerometers for 7 days, with 169 meeting the inclusion criteria of 16 h∙day−1 for a minimum of three week days. Multilevel prediction models were constructed to identify significant predictors of sedentary time, light, and moderate to vigorous physical activity during school hour segments. Child-level predictors (sex, weight status, maturity offset, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity self-efficacy, physical activity enjoyment) and school-level predictors (number on roll, playground area, provision score) were entered into the models; Results: Maturity offset, fitness, weight status, waist circumference-to-height ratio, sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity, number of children on roll and playground area significantly predicted physical activity and sedentary time; Conclusions: Research should move towards considering context-specific physical activity and its correlates to better inform intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Taylor
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancs L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Whitney B Curry
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancs L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Zoe R Knowles
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AT, UK.
| | - Robert J Noonan
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancs L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Bronagh McGrane
- School of Arts Education & Movement, Dublin City University Institute of Education, St. Patrick's Campus, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancs L39 4QP, UK.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dishman RK, Dowda M, McIver KL, Saunders RP, Pate RR. Naturally-occurring changes in social-cognitive factors modify change in physical activity during early adolescence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172040. [PMID: 28187192 PMCID: PMC5302819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether naturally-occurring changes in children's motives and beliefs are associated with the steep decline in physical activity observed from childhood to early adolescence. METHODS Latent growth modeling was applied in longitudinal tests of social-cognitive influences, and their interactions, on physical activity in a large cohort of boys and girls evaluated annually between 5th and 7th grades. RESULTS Measurement equivalence of motives and beliefs was confirmed between boys and girls. After adjustment for gender and maturity differences, physical activity declined less in children who reported the least decreases in self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to activity and perceived parental support. Physical activity also declined less in students who persistently felt they had more parental and friend support for activity compared to those who reported the largest decrease in support from friends. After further adjustment for race, the decline in physical activity was less in those who had the largest decrease in perceived barriers and maintained a favorable perception of their neighborhood environment. Changes in enjoyment and social motives were unrelated to change in physical activity. CONCLUSION Using an objective measure of physical activity, we confirm that naturally-occurring changes in children's beliefs about barriers to physical activity and their ability to overcome them, as well as perceptions of their neighborhood environment and social support, are concurrent with age-related declines in children's physical activity. The longitudinal findings confirm these putative social-cognitive mediators as plausible, interacting targets of interventions designed to mitigate the marked decline in physical activity that occurs during the transition between elementary and middle schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rod K. Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Kerry L. McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Ruth P. Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Benítez-Porres J, Alvero-Cruz JR, Carrillo de Albornoz M, Correas-Gómez L, Barrera-Expósito J, Dorado-Guzmán M, Moore JB, Carnero EA. The Influence of 2-Year Changes in Physical Activity, Maturation, and Nutrition on Adiposity in Adolescent Youth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162395. [PMID: 27607063 PMCID: PMC5015847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore temporal patterns of physical activity (PA) and adiposity in Spanish adolescents. Eighty healthy adolescents were followed over a 2-year period (42 girls and 38 boys). A PA score was estimated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Adiposity was assessed by anthropometric measurements; body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percent (FMP) were calculated using standard equations. Sexual maturity was estimated by percentage of predicted adult stature. Dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Three assessments were performed: September 2011 (S1), 2012 (S2), and 2013 (S3). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine temporal changes in PA and FMP and sex change in maturation categories (two factor mixed-design, 2x2x3). A stepwise linear regression was conducted in order to estimate the predictors of FMP change. Significant changes for FMP were found between S1, S2, and S3 (23.41±8.24 vs. 21.89±7.82 vs. 22.05±8.06, p<0.05; respectively); a significant interaction of FMP with sex was observed (F = 4.387, p<0.05 for S2-S3), but not for maturation. PA at S2 was significantly higher than S3 (2.58±0.72 vs. 2.29±0.73, p<0.001). An interaction between PA change and sex was statically significant (F = 4.889, p<0.05 for S2-S3). A reduction in PA was observed after the S2 period without changes in adiposity. In contrast, a significant reduction in FMP was seen between S1 and S2, while PA did not significantly change. There were no significant differences for nutritional variables between S1 and S3, and nutrition was not a determinant of the changes in PA or FMP. Our results suggest that body composition changes observed during adolescence are not driven by changes in PA. Moreover, the interaction analysis suggests that PA behavior is affected by sex, but is not modified by maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Benítez-Porres
- Biodynamic and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elvis A. Carnero
- Biodynamic and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cox AE, Cole AN, Laurson K. The Moderating Role of Physical Self-Perceptions in the Relationship Between Maturity Status and Physical Self-Worth. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2016; 87:200-206. [PMID: 26932677 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1143910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the moderating role of physical self-perceptions in the relationship between physical maturity and physical self-worth (PSW). METHOD Students in Grades 5 through 8 (N = 241; 57% females; Mage = 12.30 years) completed a questionnaire assessing physical self-perceptions (i.e., perceived sport competence, conditioning, strength, and body attractiveness), PSW, and maturity status. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test interactions between maturity and physical self-perceptions predicting PSW separately for boys and girls. RESULTS For girls, maturity level and physical self-perceptions explained significant variance, F(5, 131) = 73.44, p < .001, R(2) = .74, with interactions explaining a little extra variance, ΔF = 3.42, p = .01, ΔR(2) = .03. Perceived attractiveness interacted with maturity status to predict PSW (p = .01), indicating that maturity was positively related to PSW only for girls with higher body attractiveness. Maturity status and physical self-perceptions also significantly predicted PSW in boys, F(5, 98) = 46.52, p < .001, R(2) = .70, with interactions explaining a little extra variance, ΔF = 3.16, p = .02, ΔR(2) = .04. A statistically significant interaction between perceived strength and maturity (p < .001) indicated that maturity related positively to PSW, but only for boys with higher perceived strength. CONCLUSIONS The maturity-PSW relationship differs by gender and depends partly on physical self-perceptions. This finding reinforces previous findings that illustrate the relative importance of perceived attractiveness and strength for girls and boys, respectively. PSW is an important predictor of physical activity behavior; therefore, it is critical to understand the interplay between these key antecedents.
Collapse
|
19
|
Luz LGO, Cumming SP, Duarte JP, Valente-dos-Santos J, Almeida MJ, Machado-Rodrigues A, Padez C, Carmo BCM, Santos R, Seabra A, Coelho-E-Silva MJ. Independent and Combined Effects of Sex and Biological Maturation on Motor Coordination and Performance in Prepubertal Children. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 122:610-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512516637733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences and maturation-associated variation in fitness and motor coordination were examined in children aged 8–9 years ( n = 128, 67 girls). Assessments included stature and body mass, two-component body composition, percentage of predicted adult stature (as an index of biological maturation), and motor performance and coordination (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder). Compared to girls, boys were less advanced in maturation status, possessed larger fat mass, demonstrated superior performances in six tests of fitness, and obtained one superior score on the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. After controlling for somatic maturation, sex differences persisted in the two multivariate domains: motor performance and motor coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rute Santos
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gammon C, Pfeiffer KA, Kazanis A, Ling J, Robbins LB. Cardiorespiratory fitness in urban adolescent girls: associations with race and pubertal status. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:29-34. [PMID: 26942487 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1154594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness affords health benefits to youth. Among females, weight-relative fitness declines during puberty and is lower among African American (AA) than Caucasian girls. Data indicate racial differences in pubertal timing and tempo, yet the interactive influence of puberty and race on fitness, and the role of physical activity (PA) in these associations have not been examined. Thus, independent and interactive associations of race and pubertal development with fitness in adolescent girls, controlling for PA were examined. Girls in grades 5-8 (n = 1011; Caucasian = 25.2%, AA = 52.3%, Other Race group = 22.5%) completed the Pubertal Development Scale (pubertal stage assessment) and Fitnessgram® Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test (cardiorespiratory fitness assessment). PA was assessed by accelerometry. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine associations among race, pubertal stage and fitness, controlling for vigorous PA, AA, and pubertally advanced girls demonstrated lower fitness than Caucasian and less mature counterparts. Puberty and race remained significantly associated with fitness after controlling for vigorous PA. The interaction effect of race and puberty on fitness was non-significant. The pubertal influence on fitness is observed among AA adolescents. Associations between fitness and race/puberty appear to be independent of each other and vigorous PA. Pubertally advanced AA girls represent a priority group for fitness interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gammon
- a Department of Kinesiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Karin A Pfeiffer
- a Department of Kinesiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Anamaria Kazanis
- b College of Nursing , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,c School of Health Sciences , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
| | - Jiying Ling
- b College of Nursing , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- b College of Nursing , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Sharp SJ, Dunn V, Goodyer I, Ekelund U, Brage S. Magnitude and determinants of change in objectively-measured physical activity, sedentary time and sleep duration from ages 15 to 17.5y in UK adolescents: the ROOTS study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:61. [PMID: 25971606 PMCID: PMC4437669 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-reported physical activity (PA) and sleep duration (SLP) change markedly throughout adolescence. We sought to quantify changes in objectively-measured PA, sedentary time (ST) and SLP through adolescence, and to investigate baseline body composition and baseline activity levels as determinants of change. Methods Individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing was used to estimate PA energy expenditure (PAEE), SLP, daily ST and time in light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in 144 adolescents (50 % boys) of mean age 15.1(±0.3)y at baseline and 17.5(±0.3)y at follow-up. Changes in PA (ΔPA), ST (ΔST) and SLP (ΔSLP) were calculated as follow-up minus baseline values. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at baseline and follow-up, as was fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) by a pooled estimation method including bio-impedance. Comparison of baseline and follow-up activity was made by mixed-model ANOVA. Linear regression adjusted for baseline demographics, total and weekend hours of monitor wear time and the seasons of activity measurements, was used to investigate baseline body composition as determinants of ΔPA, ΔST and ΔSLP. A further model adjusted for baseline of the outcome assessed baseline activity as a predictor of behaviour change, and investigated associations for baseline body composition independent of the baseline level of the outcome. Results From baseline to follow-up levels of MPA and VPA declined (p ≤ 0.039). The annual decline in MVPA was equivalent to -4.5 and -3.0 min/d in boys and girls, respectively. Baseline FMI, FFMI and WC were positively associated with ΔLPA and negatively associated with ΔST in boys when adjusted for baseline of the outcome (p ≤ 0.037 for all). SLP increased from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.004) but ΔSLP was not associated with baseline body composition (p ≥ 0.13). For all variables, higher baseline levels were associated with greater declines over time (p ≤ 0.003). Conclusions Levels of higher-intensity PA decline from mid-to-late adolescence, whereas the duration of sleep increases. Changes in LPA and ST may be associated with baseline body composition, but the baseline level of the outcome is consistently the strongest predictor of changes in adolescent activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Kirsten Corder
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Kate Westgate
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Charlotte L Ridgway
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Valerie Dunn
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Soren Brage
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lätt E, Mäestu J, Rääsk T, Purge P, Jürimäe T, Jürimäe J. Maturity-Related Differences in Moderate, Vigorous, and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in 10–14-Year-Old Boys. Percept Mot Skills 2015; 120:659-70. [DOI: 10.2466/10.pms.120v13x0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate differences in physical activity (PA) levels between early, average, and late maturing boys and the effect of chronological age, body mass index, and fat mass. PA was measured by accelerometry in 10–14-yr.-old boys ( N = 265) during seven consecutive days. Biological maturation groups (early, average, and late) were created. Average and late maturing boys had significantly higher moderate PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA compared to early maturing boys. Late maturers also had higher vigorous PA compared to early maturers. Differences in moderate PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA remained significant after controlling for chronological age; however, after controlling for Body Mass Index or fat mass the differences were no longer significant. Mean differences in PA between early, average, and late maturing boys are not independent of Body Mass Index or fat mass. Vigorous PA differences between maturity groups were not independent of chronological age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Lätt
- Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu
| | - Triin Rääsk
- Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu
| | - Priit Purge
- Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu
| | - Toivo Jürimäe
- Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tanaka C, Reilly JJ, Huang WY. Longitudinal changes in objectively measured sedentary behaviour and their relationship with adiposity in children and adolescents: systematic review and evidence appraisal. Obes Rev 2014; 15:791-803. [PMID: 24899125 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to determine longitudinal changes in objectively measured overall sedentary behaviour, and to examine their associations with adiposity in children and adolescents. A search for longitudinal studies was performed using several electronic databases. Of 161 potentially eligible papers, 10 for change in sedentary behaviour and 3 for longitudinal associations with change in adiposity were included. Weighted mean increase in daily sedentary behaviour per year was 5.7% for boys and 5.8% for girls. Only one paper included preschool children, and it showed a decrease in sedentary behaviour. Nine studies were from Western countries. Null associations were reported between sedentary behaviour and adiposity in two studies, the other found that increases in sedentary behaviour were associated with increases in adiposity, but only in those with body mass index above the 50th percentile. There was consistent evidence that sedentary behaviour increases with age in school-age children and adolescents, by approximately 30 min extra daily sedentary behaviour per year. There was little evidence on the influence of changes in sedentary behaviour on changes in adiposity. There is a need for more longitudinal research, for more evidence from outside the Western world, and for more studies that examine 'dose-response' associations between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tanaka
- Division of Integrated Sciences, J. F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan; Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Butte NF, Gregorich SE, Tschann JM, Penilla C, Pasch LA, De Groat CL, Flores E, Deardorff J, Greenspan LC, Martinez SM. Longitudinal effects of parental, child and neighborhood factors on moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in Latino children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:108. [PMID: 25186810 PMCID: PMC4174285 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moderate-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) confers beneficial effects on child musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular fitness, and psychosocial well-being; in contrast, sedentary time (%SED) is emerging as a risk factor for health. This study aimed to identify parental, child and neighborhood factors influencing longitudinal assessments of body mass index (BMI) and activity patterns among Latino children, and to estimate lagged and cross-lagged effects between child BMI, %MVPA and %SED. Methods A longitudinal design with assessments at baseline, 1 and 2 years follow-up (FU) was used to evaluate the effects of maternal and paternal factors (BMI, age, education level, acculturation, household income and household size), child factors (gender, age, BMI, pubertal status) and neighborhood factors (disorder, victimization) on child BMI, %MVPA and %SED, expressed as a percent of awake time, in 282 Latino children ages 8–10 y and their parents. This study was restricted to families with a mother and biological father or father figure in the child’s life. Results Across time, total daily accelerometer counts (p = 0.04) and steps decreased (p = 0.0001), %SED increased (p = 0.0001), and %MVPA decreased (p = 0.02). Moderate lagged effects or tracking was seen for %MVPA and %SED (p = 0.001). %MVPA varied by gender (5.5% higher in boys than girls, p = 0.0001); child age (−0.4% per year, p = 0.03), and child BMI in boys only (−0.22%, p = 0.0002). Negative effects of paternal age, maternal education and maternal changes in BMI on %MVPA also were seen. %SED increased with child age (2.5% higher per year, p = 0.0001). Positive effects of paternal acculturation, maternal change in BMI, paternal age, and negative effects of household size on %SED were observed. A cross-lagged positive effect of BMI at FU1 on %SED at FU2 was observed for boys and girls (p = 0.03). Neighborhood disorder and victimization were not significant predictors of child BMI, %MVPA or %SED. Conclusion The major child determinants of physical activity (age, gender and BMI) and minor parental influences (maternal BMI and education, paternal age and acculturation) should be considered in designing interventions to promote %MVPA and reduce %SED among Latino children as they approach adolescence.
Collapse
|