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Karelius S, Pentti J, Juhanoja E, Jula A, Koskinen S, Niiranen TJ, Stenholm S. Association of work-related psychosocial factors and day-to-day home blood pressure variation: the Finn-Home study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:337-343. [PMID: 37965725 PMCID: PMC10763707 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress, and particularly job strain, has been found to associate with ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Moreover, BP is known to vary between days. One potential over-looked factor underlying this day-to-day BP variation could be work-related psychosocial factors. Thus, we aimed to study the association between job strain, job demands, job control and day-to-day BP variation. METHODS The home BP of 754 regularly working participants (mean age 50.9 ± 4.8, women 51%) of the Finn-Home Study was measured twice in the morning and twice in the evening over seven days. Average SBP and DBP were calculated for each day. Work-related psychosocial factors were measured with survey. Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS We found a greater SBP/DBP decrease between weekdays and weekend among participants with high job strain (-1.8 [95% confidence interval, 95% CI, -2.7 to -0.8]/-1.7 [95% CI, -2.3 to -1.1] mmHg) compared to participants with low job strain (-0.7 [95% CI, -1.1 to -0.2]/-0.7 [95% CI, -1.0 to -0.4] mmHg). The participants with high job demands showed a higher BP decrease between weekdays and weekend (-1.4 [95% CI, -2.0 to -0.8]/-1.3 [95% CI, -1.6 to -0.9] mmHg) than the participants with low job demands (-0.5 [95% CI, -1.1 to 0.0]/-0.6 [95% CI, -1.0 to -0.3] mmHg). We did not find BP differences regarding job control. CONCLUSION High job strain and high job demands were associated with a greater BP reduction from weekdays to the weekend. Work-related psychosocial factors should be considered when assessing day-to-day BP variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana Karelius
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Juhanoja
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku
- Oncology Ward, Operational Division of Surgery and Cancer Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku
- Research Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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2
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Tolonen H, Reinikainen J, Zhou Z, Härkänen T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Paalanen L, Lundqvist A, Laatikainen T. Development of non-communicable disease risk factors in Finland: projections up to 2040. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1231-1238. [PMID: 35891611 PMCID: PMC10642220 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. They share the same behavioural risk factors (smoking, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and an unhealthy diet), all of which are modifiable risk factors, and biological consequences (hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, obesity and diabetes). METHODS Using data from a series of cross-sectional health examination surveys conducted among the adult population in Finland from 1997 to 2017, a projection of risk factor development (smoking, leisure time sedentary behaviour, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, overweight and obesity, and diabetes) up to the year 2040 was made. The projections were estimated using a multiple imputation method. RESULTS Smoking prevalence is estimated to continue to decline up to 2040, similar to hypertension and elevated total cholesterol. By contrast, obesity and diabetes will develop unfavourably, with an increase in prevalence. The increase in obesity is mainly due to polarisation - that is, normal-weight people remain of a normal weight, but overweight people tend to gain more weight and become obese. The observed and estimated changes for leisure time sedentary lifestyle were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Projections of risk factors for non-communicable diseases are needed to guide public health policies and programmes, decision-making and the allocation of health care resources for prevention and care. In Finland, favourable developments have been seen in many of the risk factors, but obesity and diabetes show unfavourable development. There is a need to continue regular, systematic monitoring of the development of risk factors through health examination surveys and to set national goals and programmes to tackle the existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tolonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Jaakko Reinikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Laura Paalanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Annamari Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
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3
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Evans JT, Stanesby O, Blizzard L, Jose K, Sharman MJ, Ball K, Greaves S, Palmer AJ, Cooper K, Gall SL, Cleland VJ. trips4health: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial incentivising adult public transport use for physical activity gain. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:98. [PMID: 37587424 PMCID: PMC10428598 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public transport users tend to accumulate more physical activity than non-users; however, whether physical activity is increased by financially incentivising public transport use is unknown. The trips4health study aimed to determine the impact of an incentive-based public transport intervention on physical activity. METHODS A single-blinded randomised control trial of a 16-week incentive-based intervention involved Australian adults who were infrequent bus users (≥ 18 years; used bus ≤ 2 times/week) split equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group were sent weekly motivational text messages and awarded smartcard bus credit when targets were met. The intervention group and control group received physical activity guidelines. Accelerometer-measured steps/day (primary outcome), self-reported transport-related physical activity (walking and cycling for transport) and total physical activity (min/week and MET-min/week) outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Due to the COVID pandemic, the trial was abandoned prior to target sample size achievement and completion of all assessments (N = 110). Steps/day declined in both groups, but by less in the intervention group [-557.9 steps (-7.9%) vs.-1018.3 steps/week (-13.8%)]. In the intervention group, transport-related physical activity increased [80.0 min/week (133.3%); 264.0 MET-min/week (133.3%)] while total physical activity levels saw little change [35.0 min/week (5.5%); 25.5 MET-min/week (1.0%)]. Control group transport-related physical activity decreased [-20.0 min/week (-27.6%); -41.3 MET-min/week (-17.3%)], but total physical activity increased [260.0 min/week (54.5%); 734.3 MET-min/week (37.4%)]. CONCLUSION This study found evidence that financial incentive-based intervention to increase public transport use is effective in increasing transport-related physical activity These results warrant future examination of physical activity incentives programs in a fully powered study with longer-term follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry August 14th, 2019: ACTRN12619001136190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377914&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kim Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Melanie J Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Stephen Greaves
- Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | | | - Seana L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verity J Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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4
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Borodulin K, Anderssen S. Physical activity: associations with health and summary of guidelines. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9719. [PMID: 37441512 PMCID: PMC10335097 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of how physical activity and insufficient physical activity are associated with health outcomes has increased considerably over the past decades. Along with physical activity, the evidence on the associations between sedentary behavior and health has increased, which has resulted in the introduction of recommendations of sedentary behavior. In this article, we 1) present terminology for physical activity and sedentary behavior epidemiology, 2) show the relevant scientific evidence on associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with selected health-related outcomes and 3) introduce the global guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behavior by the World Health Organization (WHO). Health-related outcomes include cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, total mortality, glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes, adiposity, overweight, obesity, cancer, musculoskeletal and bone health, brain health, and quality of life. These health-related outcomes are reflected across age groups and some population groups, such as pregnant and postpartum women. Furthermore, we discuss physical activity levels across Nordic countries and over time. For the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, shared common physical activity guidelines were not developed. Instead, each country has created their own guidelines that are being referenced in the article, along with the global WHO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigmund Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Kaseva K, Lounassalo I, Yang X, Kukko T, Hakonen H, Kulmala J, Pahkala K, Rovio S, Hirvensalo M, Raitakari O, Tammelin TH, Salin K. Associations of active commuting to school in childhood and physical activity in adulthood. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7642. [PMID: 37169787 PMCID: PMC10175542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether active commuting to school in childhood and adolescence predicted active commuting to work and overall physical activity (PA) in adulthood. Participants from the Young Finns Study (N = 2436) were aged 9-18 years in 1980 and followed up until 2018/2020. Their commuting modes to school were assessed with a self-reported questionnaire in 1980. Adulthood PA was assessed through self-reports regarding commuting modes to work (2001-2018), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) (2001-2018), and objectively measured daily steps (2007-2018/2020). Associations between childhood commuting and adulthood PA were evaluated using regression analyses and multilevel models. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental covariates were adjusted for in the analyses. Active commuting to school in childhood contributed favourably to LTPA in 2001 (B = .38, p < .001), in 2007 (B = .35, p < .001), and in 2018 (B = .28, p < .01). Active commuting in childhood was associated with higher number of daily aerobic steps (B = 299.00, p = .03) and daily aerobic steps during weekdays in 2011 (B = 312.15, p = .03). In 2018, active commuting associated favourably with daily aerobic steps (B = 370.42, p < .01), daily aerobic steps during weekdays (B = 347.65, p = .01), daily steps during weekends (B = 628.49, p = .02), and daily aerobic steps during weekends (B = 402.69, p = .03). Covariate adjustments attenuated the associations excluding the one between active commuting and LTPA in 2007 (B = .36, p = .01) and daily steps during weekends in 2018 (B = 782.25, p = .04). Active commuting to school in childhood might be one of the PA modes that contribute to PA in adulthood and is therefore encouraged to be promoted from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kaseva
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Irinja Lounassalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomas Kukko
- School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harto Hakonen
- School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Kulmala
- School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Karjala A, Pietiläinen O, Salonsalmi A, Lahti J, Lallukka T, Rahkonen O. Changes in occupational class differences in leisure-time physical activity and the contribution of retirement. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:283-291. [PMID: 36326782 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Occupational class differences in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are well recognized. Less is known about how these differences develop as individuals age, and how retirement is associated with this change. We investigated how occupational class differences in LTPA change in a cohort over a 15-17 years follow-up. We further examined, how the transition into mandatory or disability retirement contributed to the change in LTPA levels and occupational class differences. We used the data from the Helsinki Health Study surveying the aging City of Helsinki employees. In all, 8773 individuals were included in the analyses. We evaluated LTPA levels using weekly metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours and used generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMM) to estimate the development of LTPA levels. Commuting was included in the LTPA measure. Occupational class differences in LTPA emerged and widened during the follow-up. The physical activity levels decreased in the lower occupational class and slightly increased in the higher occupational class, resulting in a difference of 4.3 MET-hours at the end of follow-up, accounting for 50 min of brisk walking per week. The occupational class differences emerged during transition into mandatory retirement and persisted after this. Transition into disability retirement temporarily widened the occupational class differences in LTPA levels, but the differences diminished during the follow-up. Research on interventions to counteract the declining LTPA is needed to discover ways to prevent the widening of occupational health disparities during aging. The transition into old-age retirement could be an optimal period for focusing these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Karjala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salonsalmi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Berry EC, Marshall HN, Mullany S, Torres SD, Schmidt J, Thomson D, Knight LSW, Hollitt GL, Qassim A, Ridge B, Schulz A, Hassall MM, Nguyen TT, Lake S, Mills RA, Agar A, Galanopoulos A, Landers J, Healey PR, Graham SL, Hewitt AW, MacGregor S, Casson RJ, Siggs OM, Craig JE. Physical Activity Is Associated With Macular Thickness: A Multi-Cohort Observational Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:11. [PMID: 36867133 PMCID: PMC9988706 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association between physical activity and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-measured rates of macular thinning in an adult population with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods The correlation between accelerometer-measured physical activity and rates of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning was measured in 735 eyes from 388 participants of the Progression Risk of Glaucoma: RElevant SNPs with Significant Association (PROGRESSA) study. The association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and cross-sectional SD-OCT macular thickness was then assessed in 8862 eyes from 6152 participants available for analysis in the UK Biobank who had SD-OCT, ophthalmic, comorbidity, and demographic data. Results Greater physical activity was associated with slower rates of macular GCIPL thinning in the PROGRESSA study (beta = 0.07 µm/y/SD; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.13; P = 0.003) after adjustment for ophthalmic, demographic and systemic predictors of macular thinning. This association persisted in subanalyses of participants characterized as glaucoma suspects (beta = 0.09 µm/y/SD; 95% CI, 0.03-0.15; P = 0.005). Participants in the upper tertile (greater than 10,524 steps/d) exhibited a 0.22-µm/y slower rate of macular GCIPL thinning than participants in the lower tertile (fewer than 6925 steps/d): -0.40 ± 0.46 µm/y versus -0.62 ± 0.55 µm/y (P = 0.003). Both time spent doing moderate/vigorous activity and mean daily active calories were positively correlated with rate of macular GCIPL thinning (moderate/vigorous activity: beta = 0.06 µm/y/SD; 95% CI, 0.01-0.105; P = 0.018; active calories: beta = 0.06 µm/y/SD; 95% CI, 0.006-0.114; P = 0.032). Analysis among 8862 eyes from the UK Biobank revealed a positive association between physical activity and cross-sectional total macular thickness (beta = 0.8 µm/SD; 95% CI, 0.47-1.14; P < 0.001). Conclusions These results highlight the potential neuroprotective benefits of exercise on the human retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella C Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Henry N Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sean Mullany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Joshua Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lachlan S W Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Georgina L Hollitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Ridge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela Schulz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark M Hassall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thi Thi Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart Lake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard A Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashish Agar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Galanopoulos
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Landers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul R Healey
- Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Landgraff IK, Meyer HE, Ranhoff AH, Holvik K, Talsnes O, Myrstad M. Resting heart rate, self-reported physical activity in middle age, and long-term risk of hip fracture. A NOREPOS cohort study of 367,386 men and women. Bone 2023; 167:116620. [PMID: 36427775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors for hip fractures are warranted. We aimed to study the associations between two indicators of physical fitness (resting heart rate and level of physical activity) in middle-aged individuals, and the risk of hip fractures during the subsequent three decades. Data on objectively measured resting heart rate and self-reported leisure time physical activity from a national health survey (1985-1999) was linked to a database including all hip fractures treated in Norwegian hospitals from 1994 through 2018. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for hip fractures according to categories of resting heart rate (mean of two repeated measures), and leisure time physical activity level in adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. In total, 367,386 persons (52 % women) aged 40 to 45 years were included, of whom 5482 persons sustained a hip fracture during a mean follow-up of 24.8 years. Higher resting heart rate was associated with higher hip fracture risk. Men with a resting heart rate above 80 bpm, who also reported low levels of physical activity, had a HR of 1.82 (95 % CI 1.49-2.22) for hip fracture compared to men with a resting heart rate below 70 bpm who reported high levels of physical activity. The same measure of association for women was 1.62 (95 % CI 1.28-2.06). Physical fitness measured by low resting heart rate in middle age, and a high physical activity level were associated with a lower long-term risk of hip fractures in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kalstad Landgraff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bœrum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway.
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hylen Ranhoff
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ove Talsnes
- Department of Orthopedics, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Marius Myrstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bœrum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway; Department of Medical Research, Bœrum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
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9
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Nuotio J, Niiranen T, Laitinen TT, Miller J, Sabin MA, Havulinna AS, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Salomaa V, Raitakari OT, Burgner DP, Juonala M. Use of antibiotics and risk of type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and the national FINRISK study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:284. [PMID: 36401251 PMCID: PMC9673285 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether exposure to systemic antibiotics influences the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. METHODS The study sample comprised 2209 (110 with incident diabetes) participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) aged 24-39 years in 2001. The exposure was national linked register data on purchased antibiotic courses between 1993 and 2001. Clinical examinations including BMI were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2011. Participants with prevalent diabetes in 2001 were excluded. Data on type 2 diabetes was also obtained from two national registers until 2017. Data from four population-based National FINRISK studies were used for replication (N = 24,674, 1866 with incident diabetes). RESULTS Prior antibiotic exposure (> 5 versus 0-1 antibiotic courses) was associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes in both YFS (OR 2.29; 95%CI 1.33-3.96) and FINRISK (HR 1.73; 95%CI 1.51-1.99). An increased risk for type 2 diabetes was observed in YFS (OR 1.043; 95%CI 1.013-1.074) and FINRISK (HR 1.022; 95%CI 1.016-1.029) per course. Exposure to antibiotics increased the risk of overweight/obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) after a 10-year follow-up in YFS (OR 1.043; 95%CI 1.019-1.068) and in FINRISK (OR 1.023; 95%CI 1.018-1.029) at baseline per antibiotic course. Adjustments for confounders from early life in YFS and at baseline in FINRISK, including BMI, socioeconomic status, smoking, insulin, blood pressure, and physical activity, did not appreciably alter the findings. CONCLUSION Our results show that exposure to antibiotics was associated with increased risk for future type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity and support judicious antibiotic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica Miller
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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10
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Kuvaja-Köllner V, Kankaanpää E, Laine J, Borodulin K, Mäki-Opas T, Valtonen H. Municipal resources to promote adult physical activity - a multilevel follow-up study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1213. [PMID: 35717163 PMCID: PMC9206276 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Finland, local authorities (municipalities) provide many services, including sports and physical activity facilities such as pedestrian and bicycle ways and lanes, parks, sports arenas and pools. This study aimed to determine whether local authorities can promote physical activity by allocating resources to physical activity facilities. Methods The data on municipality expenditure on physical activity and sports, number of sports associations receiving subsidies from the municipality, kilometers of ways for pedestrians and bicycles and hectares of parks in 1999 and 2010 were gathered from national registers. These data were combined using unique municipal codes with individual survey data on leisure-time physical activity (N = 3193) and commuting physical activity (N = 1394). Panel data on physical activity originated from a national health survey, the Health 2000 study, conducted in 2000–2001 and 2011–2012. We used the data of persons who answered the physical activity questions twice and had the same place of residence in both years. In the data, the individuals are nested within municipalities, and multilevel analyses could therefore be applied. The data comprised a two-wave panel and the individuals were followed over 11 years. Results The resources for physical activity varied between municipalities and years. Municipal expenditure for physical activity and total kilometers of pedestrian ways increased significantly during the 11 years, although a clear decrease was observed in individuals’ physical activity. In our models, individual characteristics including higher education level (OR 1.87) and better health status (OR 7.29) increased the odds of increasing physical activity. Female gender was associated with lower (OR 0.83) leisure-time physical activity. Living in rural areas (OR 0.37) decreased commuting physical activity, and age (OR 1.05) increased it. Women (OR 3.16) engaged in commuting physical activity more than men. Conclusions Individual-level factors were more important for physical activity than local resources. A large part of the variation in physical activity occurs between individuals, which suggests that some factors not detected in this study explain a large part of the overall variation in physical activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13617-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Kuvaja-Köllner
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Eila Kankaanpää
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Laine
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Age Institute, Finland Jämsänkatu 2, 00520, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Mäki-Opas
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Valtonen
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Bertuol C, Oliveira SND, Tozetto AVB, Duca GFD. Leisure-time physical activities and their association with active behavior in other domains and sociodemographic aspects: a population-based study with adults residing in the Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2187-2196. [PMID: 35649008 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022276.16802021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) most practiced and their association with active behavior in other domains and the sociodemographic aspects in Brazilian adults (≥ 18 years old). It was a cross-sectional study, using data from a population-based system (Vigitel, 2017). Binary logistic regression was used. In the 29,323 LTPA practitioners (51.3% men), the five types of activities most performed were: walking (36.6%), weight training (17.7%), soccer (11.7%), jogging (8.3%), and aerobics (6.7%). The LTPA that had the greatest associations with sociodemographic variables were soccer, walking, and aerobics, all with p-value ≤ 0.01. When considering the other domains of physical activity, participants who reported doing household physical activity were more likely to walk and less likely to practice weight training, soccer and aerobics. Those who did active commuting had more of a chance to walking and less of a chance to weight train, while individuals who practiced occupational physical activity were less likely to walk and more likely to play soccer. Important differences in sociodemographic aspects and active behavior in the other domains were found according to the LTPA type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Bertuol
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Silas Nery de Oliveira
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Alexandre Vinicius Bobato Tozetto
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
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12
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Calatayud J, Morera Á, Casaña J, Del Pozo Cruz B, Andersen LL, López-Bueno R. Occupational physical activity trends from 1987 to 2017: A nationally representative sample of 160,509 Spanish adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:851-858. [PMID: 35332838 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2058418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate temporal and updated trends of OPA among Spanish adult population during the period between 1987 and 2017. METHODS We used all available rounds of the Spanish National Health Survey (160,509 adults, mean age 44.6 years [SD 16.6], 50.3% women) and multivariate regressions to determine temporal trends of high OPA from 1987 to 2017 in the general working population of Spain. RESULTS The highest OPA prevalence was observed for participants aged 31-49 years in the 2003 survey. The prevalence of high OPA was generally low, but increased slightly over time in the 18-30, 50-64, and 65-75 years old (p<0.001 for trend). In contrast, a general reduction in OPA was observed in the 16-17 years old (p<0.001 for trend). Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women. CONCLUSIONS This study reports an increase in OPA prevalence in Spain from 1987 to 2017, which is low and significant in most socio-demographic groups, but small in absolute terms. The youngest group had a marked decreased in OPA prevalence over the course of the study. Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women, but differences have become smaller in recent years. Our results may assist in the establishment of interventional strategies and future policies among specific subgroups.Highlights: There is an increase in OPA prevalence in Spain from 1987 to 2017.The youngest group had a marked decreased in OPA prevalence over the course of the study.Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women, but differences have become smaller in recent years.Frequent national surveillance of OPA to monitor long-term development of the working environment should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Álvaro Morera
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Conger SA, Toth LP, Cretsinger C, Raustorp A, Mitáš J, Inoue S, Bassett DR. Time Trends in Physical Activity Using Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from 1995 to 2017. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:288-298. [PMID: 34559725 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conflicting evidence exists on whether physical activity (PA) levels of humans have changed over the last quarter-century. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is evidence of time trends in PA, from cross-sectional studies that assessed PA at different time points using wearable devices (e.g., pedometers and accelerometers). A secondary objective was to quantify the rate of change in PA. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of English-language studies indexed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (1960-2020) using search terms (time OR temporal OR secular) AND trends AND (steps per day OR pedometer OR accelerometer OR MVPA). Subsequently, a meta-analytic approach was used to aggregate data from multiple studies and to examine specific factors (i.e., sex, age-group, sex and age-group, and PA metric). RESULTS Based on 16 peer-reviewed scientific studies conducted between 1995 and 2017, levels of ambulatory PA are trending downward in developed countries. Significant declines were seen in both males and females (P < 0.001) as well as in children (P = 0.020), adolescents (P < 0.001), and adults (P = 0.004). The average study duration was 9.4 yr (accelerometer studies, 5.3 yr; pedometer studies, 10.8 yr). For studies that assessed steps, the average change in PA was -1118 steps per day over the course of the study (P < 0.001), and adolescents had the greatest change in PA at -2278 steps per day (P < 0.001). Adolescents also had the steepest rate of change over time, expressed in steps per day per decade. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from studies conducted in eight developed nations over a 22-yr period indicates that PA levels have declined overall, especially in adolescents. This study emphasizes the need for continued research tracking time trends in PA using wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Conger
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, ID
| | - Lindsay P Toth
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Channie Cretsinger
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Anders Raustorp
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWEDEN
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - David R Bassett
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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14
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Wang J, Liu H, Chen C, Chang W, Ma Y, Zhao C, Smith SC, Han J, Yu M, Ma J, Qi J, Xing Y. Physical Activity and Factors Affecting Its Maintenance Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Not Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation in China. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 35:558-567. [PMID: 32379163 PMCID: PMC7553193 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of physical activity (PA) among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) living in Chinese communities who do not participate in cardiac rehabilitation programs and the factors contributing to patient maintenance of PA are unclear. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study, guided by the Transtheoretical Model, evaluated (1) the maintenance of PA in Chinese patients with CHD 12 months after hospital discharge and (2) the demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics associated with maintenance of PA. METHODS A total of 1162 patients completed 6 questionnaires at 12 months posthospitalization to assess their maintenance of PA, stage of change, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and health-related quality of life and sleep. RESULTS Only 40% of patients with CHD maintained regular PA 12 months after hospital discharge. Walking was their primary PA. Thirty-seven percent of patients reported no intention of having regular PA. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.69), awareness of PA's cardiac benefit (OR, 4.12), a history of regular PA before the cardiac event (OR, 6.08), history of chronic disease (OR, 1.43), mild depressive symptoms (OR, 1.40), moderate and severe depressive symptoms (OR, 0.41), smoking (OR, 0.54), and years of CHD (OR, 0.96) were related to maintenance of regular PA. Patients with CHD who maintained regular PA had better quality of life and sleep (P < .001) and fewer unplanned clinic visits (P = .001) and cardiac cause readmissions (P = .012) and reported fewer declines in PA capacity (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Walking is the most common form of PA 12 months posthospitalization among patients with CHD in China. Patient education and counseling about the cardiac benefits of PA, taking into account stage of change, are important considerations to improve maintenance of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wang
- Jianhui Wang, MSN PhD Candidate, School of Nursing Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, and Director, Nurse Administration Department, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China. Huaping Liu, PhD, RN, FAAN President, School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Changxiang Chen, MSN, RN President, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China. Wenhong Chang, BN, RN Manager, Cath Lab, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China. Yi Ma, PhD, MD Director, Cardiovascular Department, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China. Caijie Zhao, MSN, RN Secondary Prevention Research Assistant, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China. Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD Professor of Medicine/Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Jing Han, MSN, RN Manager, Cardiac Unit, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China. Miao Yu, BN MSN Candidate, Nursing, Nursing and Rehabilitation College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China. Jiahui Ma, BN MSN Candidate, Nursing, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China. Jing Qi, BN, RN Director, Nurse Administration Department, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, China. Yan Xing, MSN, RN Manager of Cardiovascular Unit, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, China
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15
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Tiainen K, Raitanen J, Strandberg T, Koskinen S, Stenholm S. Type 2 Diabetes as a Predictor of Muscle Strength Decline over 11 years among Men and Women Aged 55 Years and Older. Gerontology 2021; 68:635-643. [PMID: 34818235 DOI: 10.1159/000518268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term associations between type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and muscle strength are obscure in older adults. The aim of this study was to examine type 2 diabetes as a predictor of handgrip strength decline during an 11-year follow-up among men and women aged 55 years. METHODS We used Finnish population-based Health 2000 Survey and its follow-up measurements in 2011. The study population consisted of 1,200 individuals, aged 55-86 years at baseline. Baseline fasting glucose level or use of diabetes medication was used to categorize the participants into diabetes (≥7.0 mmol/L), prediabetes (≥6.1 mmol/L but <7.0 mmol/L), and nondiabetes (<6.1 mmol/L) groups. Handgrip strength was measured at baseline and during 11-year follow-up. RESULTS Mean handgrip strength at baseline did not differ between diabetes groups in men or women. Among men during the 11-year follow-up, decline in muscle strength was significantly greater among diabetes group (-131.5 Newtons [N], 95% confidence interval (CI) -182.7 to -80.4) than nondiabetes group (-98.9 N, 95% CI -139.5 to -58.3) after adjusting for age, education, lifestyle factors, chronic conditions, and diabetes status at follow-up. Among women, muscle strength decline did not differ between diabetes, prediabetes, or nondiabetes groups after adjusting for all potential covariates, the results being -45.0 N (95% CI -73.2 to -16.7), -29.4 N (95% CI -59.7 to 0.9), and -42.3 N (95% CI -70.5 to -14.1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The presence of type 2 diabetes was associated with greater muscle strength decline among older men but not among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Tiainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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16
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Raatikainen I, Mäntyselkä P, Heinonen A, Vanhala M, Kautiainen H, Koponen H, Korniloff K. Does baseline leisure-time physical activity level predict future depressive symptoms or physical activity among depressive patients? Findings from a Finnish five-year cohort study. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:356-361. [PMID: 33380252 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1862296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate whether baseline leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with future recovery from depression among patients with a depression diagnosis and whether baseline LTPA is associated with total physical activity after five years of follow-up. METHODS A total of 258 patients aged ≥35 years with clinically confirmed depression at baseline participated. The study was conducted between 2008 and 2016 in municipalities within the Central Finland Hospital District. Depressive symptoms (DS) were determined with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with a cutoff score ≥10, and depression diagnoses were confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured and blood samples for glucose and lipid determinations were drawn at baseline. LTPA, physical activity, and other social and clinical factors were captured by standard self-administered questionnaires at baseline and the five-year follow-up point. RESULTS Of the 258 patients, 76 (29%) had DS at follow-up. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for future DS was 1.43 (confidence interval [CI] 0.69-2.95) for participants with moderate LTPA and 0.92 (CI 0.42-2.00) for participants with high LTPA, compared with low LTPA at baseline. Higher baseline LTPA levels were associated with higher total physical activity in the future (β=0.14 [95% CI: 0.02-0.26] for linearity = 0.024). CONCLUSION Baseline LTPA did not affect the five-year prognosis of depression among depressed patients in a Finnish adult population. Because the baseline LTPA level predicted the future total physical activity, it could be included as a part of the overall health management and treatment of depression in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Raatikainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Assistive Technology Centre, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mauno Vanhala
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Koponen
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Korniloff
- School of Health and Social Studies, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Mikk M, Ringmets I, Pärna K. Leisure Time Physical Activity and Associated Factors among Adults in Estonia 2000-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063132. [PMID: 33803621 PMCID: PMC8002975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to implement evidence-based strategies, there is a need to assess (1) time trend in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and (2) the relationship between trend of LTPA and trend of potential explanatory factors in Estonia from 2000 to 2018. Data from 25−64-year-old adults (n = 16,903) were drawn from cross-sectional surveys of Health Behavior among Estonian Adult Population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate annual percentage changes (APCs) and to identify whether there was a significant change in trends of LTPA. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of LTPA with socioeconomic, health-related and health-behavioral factors. Prevalence of LTPA increased from 26.2% to 44.1% among men and from 28.0% to 40.6% among women from 2000 to 2018 (p < 0.001). Average APC for men was 3.4% (95% CI 2.6−4.3) and for women 2.4% (95% CI 1.4−3.4). Adjusted logistic regression model showed that LTPA was statistically significantly associated with higher education and income, economic inactivity, at-least-good self-rated health (SRH) and non-smoking. Interaction of SRH with study year was significant indicating that the association of at-least-good SRH changed over time (p = 0.016). Health promotion activities should be addressed in particular to adults with lower levels of LTPA, paying attention to the factors associated with LTPA.
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Kolehmainen L, Havulinna S, Ngandu T, Strandberg T, Levälahti E, Lehtisalo J, Antikainen R, Hietikko E, Peltonen M, Pölönen A, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Laatikainen T, Rauramaa R, Kivipelto M, Kulmala J. Earlier life leisure-time physical activity in relation to age-related frailty syndrome. Age Ageing 2021; 50:161-168. [PMID: 32808971 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND frailty syndrome is common amongst older people. Low physical activity is part of frailty, but long-term prospective studies investigating leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the life course as a predictor of frailty are still warranted. The aim of this study is to investigate whether earlier life LTPA predicts frailty in older age. METHODS the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) included older adults (aged 60-77 years) from the general population who were at increased risk of cognitive decline. Frailty was assessed for 1,137 participants at a baseline visit using a modified version of Fried's phenotype, including five criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness and low physical activity. Self-reported data on earlier life LTPA were available from previous population-based studies (average follow-up time 13.6 years). A binomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between earlier life LTPA and pre-frailty/frailty in older age. RESULTS the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 0.8% and 27.3%, respectively. In the analyses, pre-frail and frail groups were combined. People who had been physically very active (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23-0.60) or moderately active (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.65) earlier in life had lower odds of becoming pre-frail/frail than individuals who had been sedentary. CONCLUSIONS frailty was rare in this relatively healthy study population, but almost a third of the participants were pre-frail. Earlier life LTPA was associated with lower levels of pre-frailty/frailty. The results highlight the importance of physical activity when aiming to promote healthy old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kolehmainen
- Ageing, Disability and Functioning Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Havulinna
- Ageing, Disability and Functioning Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Levälahti
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu City Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Hietikko
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu City Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Peltonen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenni Kulmala
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health Care and Social Work, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
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19
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Sagelv EH, Ekelund U, Hopstock LA, Aars NA, Fimland MS, Jacobsen BK, Løvsletten O, Wilsgaard T, Morseth B. Do declines in occupational physical activity contribute to population gains in body mass index? Tromsø Study 1974-2016. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106874. [PMID: 33277383 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether occupational physical activity changes predict future body mass index (BMI) changes. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study included adult participants attending ≥3 consecutive Tromsø Study surveys (examinations 1, 2 and 3) from 1974 to 2016 (N=11 308). If a participant attended >3 surveys, the three most recent surveys were included. Occupational physical activity change (assessed by the Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale) was computed from the first to the second examination, categorised into persistently inactive (n=3692), persistently active (n=5560), active to inactive (n=741) and inactive to active (n=1315). BMI change was calculated from the second to the third examination (height being fixed at the second examination) and regressed on preceding occupational physical activity changes using analysis of covariance adjusted for sex, birth year, smoking, education and BMI at examination 2. RESULTS Overall, BMI increased by 0.84 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.89). Following adjustments as described previously, we observed no differences in BMI increase between the occupational physical activity change groups (Persistently Inactive: 0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87; Persistently Active: 0.87 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.92; Active to Inactive: 0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.94; Inactive to Active: 0.91 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.01; p=0.25). CONCLUSION We observed no prospective association between occupational physical activity changes and subsequent BMI changes. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that occupational physical activity declines contributed to population BMI gains over the past decades. Public health initiatives aimed at weight gain prevention may have greater success if focusing on other aspects than occupational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvard H Sagelv
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laila A Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - Nils Abel Aars
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Bjarne Koster Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - Ola Løvsletten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - Bente Morseth
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
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20
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Wennman H, Härkänen T, Hagströmer M, Jousilahti P, Laatikainen T, Mäki-Opas T, Männistö S, Tolonen H, Valkeinen H, Borodulin K. Change and determinants of total and context specific sitting in adults: A 7-year longitudinal study. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:596-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Morseth B, Hopstock LA. Time trends in physical activity in the Tromsø study: An update. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231581. [PMID: 32287319 PMCID: PMC7156055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the health benefits of physical activity are well documented, a large proportion of the population fails to meet current guidelines for physical activity. In order to develop evidence-based public health policies, surveillance of physical activity prevalence and trends is essential. The main aim of this study was to present updated data on physical activity trends in a Norwegian general population over the last decades. Data were collected from 40 690 individuals (50% men) aged ≥20 years participating in at least one of six surveys of the population-based Tromsø Study between 1979 and 2016. Age-standardized prevalences and trends in leisure-time and occupational physical activity were obtained from three questionnaires used in the different surveys. We observed an increase in the proportion engaging in exercise in leisure-time between 1994–95 and 2001 (p <0.001). Based on a different questionnaire, the age-standardized prevalence of engagement in exercise in leisure-time increased significantly from 16% in 2001 to 23% in 2007–08, and further to 28% in 2015–16 (p <0.001). The proportion who reported exercising approximately every day increased from 19% in 2007–08 to 28% in 2015–16 (p <0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of sedentary occupational activity increased from 53% in 2007–08 to 57% in 2015–16 (p <0.001), which extends the gradual increase from 36% in 1979-80.The present study extends previous findings from the Tromsø Study by demonstrating an increase in the proportion exercising regularly over the last three decades. This increase may partially counteract the gradual increase in the proportion with sedentary occupational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Morseth
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Wennman H, Jerome GJ, Simonsick EM, Sainio P, Valkeinen H, Borodulin K, Stenholm S. Adiposity Markers as Predictors of 11-Year Decline in Maximal Walking Speed in Late Midlife. J Appl Gerontol 2020; 40:1110-1115. [PMID: 32167399 PMCID: PMC8299779 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820911542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is linked to poorer physical functioning in older adults, but impact of excess adiposity on loss of functional capacity in late midlife is unclear. This study examined associations between adiposity markers and 11-year change in maximal walking speed, a sensitive indicator of physical functioning, among adults aged 55 to 69 years. Method: Maximal walking speed over 6.1 m was assessed in 2000 and 2011 among Finnish men (n = 409) and women (n = 498) from the prospective Health 2000 Survey. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were assessed in 2000. Generalized estimating equation models estimated changes in maximal walking speed by BMI and waist circumference, stratified by sex. Results: BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 was associated with accelerated decline in maximal walking speed particularly in women. Associations with waist circumference were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Late midlife obesity may speed up the decline in functional capacity as measured by maximal walking speed, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Wennman
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Päivi Sainio
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Valkeinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Age Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- University of Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Finland
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23
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Assemi B, Zahnow R, Zapata-Diomedi B, Hickman M, Corcoran J. Transport-related walking among young adults: when and why? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 32070313 PMCID: PMC7029445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing smartphones' technology allows for the objective measurement of a person's movements at a fine-grained level of geographic and temporal detail, and in doing so, it mitigates the issues associated with self-report biases and lack of spatial details. This study proposes and evaluates the advantages of using a smartphone app for collecting accurate, fine-grained, and objective data on people's transport-related walking. METHODS A sample of 142 participants (mostly young adults) was recruited in a large Australian university, for whom the app recorded all their travel activities over two weekdays during August-September 2014. We identified eight main activity nodes which operate as transport-related walking generators. We explored the participants' transport-related walking patterns around and between these activity nodes through the use of di-graphs to better understand patterns of incidental physical activity and opportunities for intervention to increase incidental walking. RESULTS We found that the educational node - in other samples may be represented by the workplace - is as important as the residential node for generating walking trips. We also found that the likelihood of transport-related walking trips is larger during the daytime, whereas at night time walking trips tend to be longer. We also showed that patterns of transport-related walking relate to the presence of 'chaining' trips in the afternoon period. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show how the proposed data collection and analytic approach can inform urban design to enhance walkability at locations that are likely to generate walking trips. This study's insights can help to shape public education and awareness campaigns that aim to encourage walking trips throughout the day by suggesting locations and times of the day when engaging in these forms of exercise is easiest and least intrusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Assemi
- School of Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Renee Zahnow
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- School of Global, Urban & Social Studies, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Hickman
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Corcoran
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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24
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Gender differences in related influential factors of regular exercise behavior among people in Taiwan in 2007: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228191. [PMID: 32004330 PMCID: PMC6993962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to explore the exercise behavior of the Taiwanese population during leisure time and to examine the gender differences in related influential factors. Methods The Leisure Time and Sport Questionnaire (LTSQ) conducted by the Academia Sinica in 2007 was used for analysis. Participants were drawn from the Taiwanese population aged over 18 years old. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the association between the frequency of exercise and related factors in all the participants, male, and female participants, respectively. Results In the total 2,147 participants, 47.8% reported they regularly exercised, 34.1% irregularly exercised, and 18.1% never exercised. There were no significant gender differences in the frequency of exercise, but a significant gender difference was found in the types of exercise most often practiced. Participants in one of following conditions, over 65 and under 40 years old, living in the city, having higher education levels, having a spouse or partner, enjoying exercise, feeling worthwhile to spend money on exercise, and not having to take care of others, were more likely to be engaged in regular exercise in the total population. The “enjoyment” in exercise was a significant influential factor for both sexes. Women were more likely to exercise regularly if they were aged 40–64 years old compared with those over 65 years old, have lower self-rated health scores, felt it was more worthwhile to spend money on exercise and did not have to care for another, whereas men who have higher education level and did not feel a lack of time were more likely to exercise regularly. Conclusions There are gender differences in regular exercise behavior during leisure time and related influential factors among Taiwanese adults. The findings of the present study can be used when designing gender-specific health promotion programs.
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25
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Sperlich S, Beller J, Epping J, Tetzlaff J, Geyer S. Trends in self-rated health among the elderly population in Germany from 1995 to 2015 - the influence of temporal change in leisure time physical activity. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 31992257 PMCID: PMC6988275 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Against the backdrop of rising statutory retirement age in Germany, we analyzed time trends in self-rated health (SRH) among the elderly population between 50 and 70 years of age and explored the mediating role of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on the relationship between time period and self-rated health (SRH). METHODS We used longitudinal survey data (n = 23,161) from a national panel study (GSOEP) to analyze time trends in SRH and regular LTPA (at least once a week) by means of Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) analysis for logistic regression. The Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was applied for decomposing trend effects into direct and indirect parts via LTPA. In addition to odds ratios (OR), we illustrated the results by means of predicted probabilities and average partial effects (APE). RESULTS Over time, the predicted probabilities of good SRH and regular LTPA increased while those of poor SRH decreased. After adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) 53.4% of the trend in good SRH in women (OR = 1.34 / APE = 6.8%-points) could be attributed to the rise in regular LTPA. In men, the remaining smaller effect (OR = 1.13 / APE = 2.7%) could be fully assigned to temporal changes in regular LTPA. With respect to poor health we found a suppression effect of LTPA in the adjusted model, indicating that without improvements in regular LTPA over time an increase in poor SRH would have occurred. CONCLUSIONS The increase of regular LTPA accounted for improved SRH from 1995 to 2015 among the elderly, indicating that promoting LTPA might be a key factor to raise healthy working life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sperlich
- Hannover Medical School, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Beller
- Hannover Medical School, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jelena Epping
- Hannover Medical School, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Tetzlaff
- Hannover Medical School, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Geyer
- Hannover Medical School, Medical Sociology Unit, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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26
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Vaara JP, Santtila M, Vasankari T, Fogelholm M, Mäntysaari M, Pihlainen K, Vaara E, Kyröläinen H. Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:716-724. [PMID: 31872487 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical fitness is strongly related to health and may offer valuable information about public health. We investigated trends in physical fitness, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and anthropometry of young healthy adult Finnish men in representative population-based samples between 2003 and 2015. METHODS Three independent cross-sectional samples of 18- to 35-year-old Finnish men were assessed in 2003 (n = 889), 2008 (n = 803), and 2015 (n = 690). Cardiorespiratory (VO2 max) and muscular fitness (1-minute sit-ups and push-ups), body mass, and height were measured. Self-reported LTPA was assessed. RESULTS After adjusting for age, education, and smoking, cardiorespiratory fitness was higher in 2003 (mean: 43.5, 95%CI: 42.9-44.1 mL/kg/min) compared to 2008 (41.3, 95%CI: 40.7-41.9 mL/kg/min) and 2015 (40.6, 95%CI: 40.0-41.2 mL/kg/min) (P < .001), whereas no difference was observed between 2008 and 2015. The lowest values in muscular fitness were observed in 2003, while no clear trends were further noticed. The adjusted BMI was higher in 2008 (25.1, 95%CI: 24.9-25.4) and 2015 (25.3, 95%CI: 25.3, 95%CI: 25.0-25.6) compared to 2003 (24.5, 95%CI: 24.3-24.8) (P < .005). In 2015, a higher proportion of individuals exercised at least four times per week compared to 2003 and 2008 (P < .05). CONCLUSION The decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness that took place between 2003 and 2008 plateaued after 2008. The plateau is in accordance with the previously observed trend of 5-10 years younger Finnish men. Moreover, muscular fitness was for the most part higher in 2008 and 2015 compared to 2003. Efforts directed to promote regular physical activity and improve physical fitness are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani P Vaara
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Santtila
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Mäntysaari
- Aeromedical Centre, Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Pihlainen
- Training Division of Defence Command, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Vaara
- JAMK, University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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27
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Karelius S, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Lindroos AS, Jousilahti P, Heinonen OJ, Stenholm S, Niiranen TJ. The relation of work-related factors with ambulatory blood pressure and nocturnal blood pressure dipping among aging workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:563-570. [PMID: 31893291 PMCID: PMC7260250 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Individuals with reduced nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to persons with normal BP dipping. Although the relation of work-related factors and BP has been studied extensively, very little is known of the association between work-related factors and 24-h BP patterns in aging workers. We examined the cross-sectional relation of work-related risk factors, including occupational status, work-time mode, job demands and job control, with ambulatory BP in aging workers, focusing on nocturnal BP dipping. Methods 208 workers (mean age 62 ± 3 years; 75% women) from two Finnish population-based cohort studies underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. Work-related factors were inquired using a questionnaire. Nocturnal BP dipping was calculated as [1 − (asleep BP/awake BP)] × 100. Results Shift workers demonstrated a higher nocturnal diastolic BP dipping than regular day workers (19% vs. 17%, p = 0.03) and had a significantly higher systolic awake BP than regular day workers (136.5 mmHg vs. 132.5 mmHg, p = 0.03). Participants with high job demands demonstrated a smaller nocturnal systolic BP dipping than participants with low job demands (14% vs. 16%, p = 0.04). We did not observe significant differences in nocturnal systolic or diastolic BP dipping between groups categorized by occupational status or job control. Conclusions Although shift workers have a higher daytime BP than regular daytime workers, they exhibit greater nighttime BP dipping. Participants with high job demand had smaller nighttime BP dipping than participants with low job demand. Job control or occupation did not affect the 24-h ambulatory BP profile of aging workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana Karelius
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika S Lindroos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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28
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Macek P, Terek-Derszniak M, Zak M, Biskup M, Ciepiela P, Krol H, Smok-Kalwat J, Gozdz S. WHO recommendations on physical activity versus compliance rate within a specific urban population as assessed through IPAQ survey: a cross-sectional cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028334. [PMID: 31189681 PMCID: PMC6576125 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to address the following three key areas, that is, (1) evaluate overall level of physical activity in the residents of a mid-sized, Central-European city, (2) compliance level with WHO's recommendations on physical activity in leisure time and (3) actual impact of select socioeconomic factors on the physical activity level within the study population. METHODS Assessment of the source data collected for 4619 participants (1532 men and 3087 women, aged 45-65 years; mean age 56.41±5.31 years) was completed. Three levels of physical activity, and compliance level with pertinent WHO recommendations was evaluated, based on International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form). Multilevel logistic regression models of socioeconomic factors associated with moderate-level, high-level physical activity, and WHO recommendations were developed. RESULTS Data analyses revealed that 6.19% of the study participants (n=286) engaged in low-level physical activity, 48.86%-in moderate-level activity, while high-level activity was reported in 44.94% of them. Compliance with pertinent WHO recommendations was higher in men aged 44-55 years, boasting upper-level education, living without a partner and in the persons with a net income over €1140 per household. CONCLUSIONS Overall level of physical activity in the residents of a mid-sized, Central-European city was established as moderate. Pertinent WHO recommendations on physical activity were met by 4.2% of the subjects only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Macek
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Marek Zak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Biskup
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Halina Krol
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Stanislaw Gozdz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Clinic of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
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29
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Kim Y, Wijndaele K, Sharp SJ, Strain T, Pearce M, White T, Wareham N, Brage S. Specific physical activities, sedentary behaviours and sleep as long-term predictors of accelerometer-measured physical activity in 91,648 adults: a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:41. [PMID: 31064403 PMCID: PMC6503547 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for the prospective relationships between specific physical activities (PA), sedentary behaviours (SB) and sleep on subsequent total PA levels is scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine prospective associations of self-reported PA, SB and sleep, and changes in these with subsequent accelerometer-measured PA. METHODS A sub-sample of 91,648 UK Biobank participants reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), lifestyle activities, TV viewing, computer use and sleep through screen-based questionnaires at baseline (2006-2010), and provided valid accelerometry data (dominant wrist-worn for 7 days between 2013 and 2015). A further sub-sample of 7709 participants repeated the screen-based questionnaires between 2012 and 2013. RESULTS In both women (n = 51,545) and men (n = 40,103), positive associations were observed between all self-reported measures of PA at baseline (MVPA, lifestyle/job-related activities, active transporting modes) and accelerometer-measured PA levels at follow-up (median 5.7 years); an exception was 'walking/standing at work' in women. Sedentary time at work, TV viewing and computer use were inversely associated with PA at follow-up. Sleeping either more or less than 7 h/day at baseline was associated with lower PA at follow-up (except for ≤6 h/day in men). In the repeat self-report sub-sample (median 4.3 years), relatively higher physical activity at follow-up was observed in those who maintained or achieved favourable levels of MVPA, walking for pleasure, strenuous sports, other exercises, heavy DIY (in women), heavy physical work, and walking/standing at work (in women), sedentary time at work, getting about methods (in women), commuting methods (in women), TV viewing, computer use or sleep. CONCLUSIONS Initial levels of PA, SB and sleep, and changes in these variables were generally associated with subsequent accelerometer-measured PA in the expected directions, suggesting these specific behaviours all contribute to the total volume of physical activity over time and could thus be targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwon Kim
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tessa Strain
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew Pearce
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tom White
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nick Wareham
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Soren Brage
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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30
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Wyss T, Roos L, Studer F, Mäder U, Beuchat C, Staub K. Development of physical fitness performance in young Swiss men from 2006 to 2015. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:586-596. [PMID: 30586205 PMCID: PMC6850616 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
From 1980 to 2000, physical fitness decreased and body mass index (BMI) increased in the population of many industrialized countries. Little is known about these trends after the year 2000. This study aimed to investigate physical fitness performance, physical activity (PA) behavior, and BMI of young, male Swiss adults between 2006 and 2015. For this purpose, results from the Swiss Armed Forces mandatory recruitment were used. A total of 306 746 male conscripts provided complete fitness test data, mean ± SD (range from 5th to 95th percentile): 20 ± 1 (18‐21) years, 178 ± 7 (168‐189) cm; 74 ± 13 (58‐97) kg, predicted maximal oxygen consumption of 49.9 ± 4.6 (41.8‐56.9) mL/kg/min (Conconi test), 125 ± 58 (43‐232) seconds in trunk muscle strength test (prone bridge), 2.31 ± 0.24 (1.90‐2.66) m in standing long jump, 6.46 ± 0.73 (5.30‐7.70) m in seated shot put (2 kg medical‐ball shot) and 45.6 ± 12.2 (29.9‐66.7) seconds in one‐leg standing test (sum of both legs; eyes closed after 10 seconds and head tilted back after 20 seconds). In the investigated population, 73.8% fulfilled basic PA recommendations, 46.2% were classified as regularly vigorously active. Performances in aerobic endurance and muscle power did not show secular changes over time. However, core stability performance and PA behavior increased, while balance ability decreased over this 10‐year period. Average BMI increased by 2.0% between 2006 and 2010 and did not change thereafter. Male Swiss adults are at least as physically fit as they were a decade ago. The secular trends of decreasing physical performances and increasing BMI have stopped, and self‐reported sport participation and leisure time PA have been increased in the observed population over the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wyss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Roos
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Studer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mäder
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Beuchat
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine IEM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Kanerva N, Lallukka T, Rahkonen O, Pietiläinen O, Lahti J. The joint contribution of physical activity, insomnia symptoms, and smoking to the cost of short-term sickness absence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:440-449. [PMID: 30480836 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been associated with both insomnia symptoms and smoking. Further, they are all independently associated with increased sickness absence (SA) from work. However, joint contribution of either physical activity (PA) with insomnia symptoms or with smoking to SA and, especially, their direct cost for the employer is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to examine these joint associations with short-term (<15 days) SA cost. The Helsinki Health Study is a cohort of midlife employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (baseline n = 8960, response rate 67%). During 2000-2002, the participants were mailed a survey questionnaire that gathered information on health behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. SA, salary, and time of employment were followed up through the employer's personnel register between 2002 and 2016 for those with a written consent to the use of their register data (78% of the participants). Individual salary data were used to calculate the direct cost of short-term SA. Data were analyzed with a two-part model. Inactive participants with frequent insomnia symptoms had 2526€ (95% CI 1736€-3915€) higher cost of short-term SA than vigorously active participants without insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, inactive smokers had 4166€ (95% CI 2737€-5595€) higher cost for the employer over the follow-up than vigorously active non-smokers. In conclusion, this study showed that PA and insomnia symptoms as well as PA and smoking are jointly associated with short-term SA cost. The results emphasize encouraging employers to improve work environments so that they promote active lifestyle, good sleep, and non-smoking in order to reduce the cost of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Kanerva
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Tuovinen EL, Saarni SE, Kinnunen TH, Ollila H, Ruokolainen O, Patja K, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Kaprio J, Korhonen T. Weight concerns as a predictor of smoking cessation according to nicotine dependence: A population-based study. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2018; 35:344-356. [PMID: 32934537 PMCID: PMC7434149 DOI: 10.1177/1455072518800217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nicotine-dependent smokers find it difficult to quit smoking. Additionally,
smoking-specific weight concerns may affect smoking cessation although the
evidence is controversial. We investigated whether smoking-specific weight
concerns predict the probability of cessation and, if so, whether the effect
varies according to the level of nicotine dependence. Methods: The study was conducted with a population-based sample of 355 adult daily
smokers who participated in the baseline examination in 2007 and in the 2014
follow-up. Baseline nicotine dependence was classified as low or high
(Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; 0–3 vs. 4–10 points). Within these
groups, we examined whether baseline weight concerns predict smoking status
(daily, occasional, ex-smoker) at follow-up by using multinomial logistic
regression with adjustment for multiple covariates. Results: Among low-dependent participants at baseline, 28.5% had quit smoking, while
among highly dependent participants 26.1% had quit smoking. The interaction
between weight concerns and nicotine dependence on follow-up smoking status
was significant. Among participants with low nicotine dependence per the
fully adjusted model, greater weight concerns predicted a lower likelihood
of both smoking cessation (relative risk ratio 0.93 [95% CI 0.87–1.00]) and
smoking reduction to occasional occurrence (0.89 [95% CI 0.81–0.98]). Weight
concerns were not associated with follow-up smoking status among
participants with high nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Weight concerns are associated with a smaller likelihood of quitting among
smokers with low nicotine dependence. Weight concerns should be addressed in
smoking cessation interventions, especially with smokers who have low
nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taru H Kinnunen
- University of Helsinki, Finland; and Behavioral Science Consulting, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Hanna Ollila
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Piirtola M, Kaprio J, Waller K, Heikkilä K, Koskenvuo M, Svedberg P, Silventoinen K, Kujala UM, Ropponen A. Leisure-time physical inactivity and association with body mass index: a Finnish Twin Study with a 35-year follow-up. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:116-127. [PMID: 26979986 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the stability and change of leisure-time physical inactivity in adult men and women during a 35-year follow-up. We also analysed the impact of long-term physical inactivity on the development of body mass index (BMI). Methods : In this population-based cohort study, 5254 Finnish twin individuals (59% women) participated in four surveys in 1975, 1981, 1990 and 2011. Mean age at baseline was 23.9 years. Individual long-term leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was categorized into seven classes varying from 'persistently inactive' to 'persistently active'. We used the multivariate multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model and paired-sample t-test in the analyses. Co-twin control design was used for examining within-pair associations. Results : Of men 11%, and of women 8%, were persistently inactive. Among both sexes, the mean BMI slope trajectories were steeper among the persistently inactive and those who became inactive than among those who were persistently active. Overall, the inactive participants gained 1.4 kg/m 2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 1.7] more in weight than did the active participants from 1975 to 2011. Among twin pairs discordant for LTPA, the corresponding difference was 1.4 kg/m 2 (95% CI 0.83 to 2.0) in dizygotic pairs and 0.68 kg/m 2 (95% CI 0.05 to1.3) in monozygotic pairs. Conclusions Over a 35-year time span from young adulthood, persistently inactive participants and those who had become inactive had greater weight increases than those who were persistently active. This association was also found in twin-pair analyses, although attenuated in monozygotic pairs. This may support the importance of LTPA in weight management, although further causal inference is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Piirtola
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Waller
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Koskenvuo
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Svedberg
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Urho M Kujala
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annina Ropponen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Jousilahti P, Laatikainen T, Salomaa V, Pietilä A, Vartiainen E, Puska P. 40-Year CHD Mortality Trends and the Role of Risk Factors in Mortality Decline: The North Karelia Project Experience. Glob Heart 2018; 11:207-12. [PMID: 27242088 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1960s and early 1970s, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in Finland was the highest in the world, and within Finland, mortality was particularly high in the eastern part of the country. The North Karelia Project, the first large community-based cardiovascular diseases prevention program was established in 1972 to reduce the extremely high CHD mortality through behavioral change and reduction of the main cardiovascular disease risk factors among the whole population of North Karelia, the easternmost province of Finland. During the 40-year period from 1972 to 2012, smoking prevalence, serum total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure declined markedly, except a small increase in serum cholesterol levels between 2007 and 2012. From the early 1970s to 2012, CHD mortality decreased by 82% (from 643 to 118 per 100,000) among working-age (35 to 64 years) men. Among working-age women, the decline was 84% (from 114 to 17 per 100,000). During the first 10 years, changes in these 3 target risk factors explained nearly all of the observed mortality reduction. Since the mid-1980s, the observed reduction in mortality has been larger than the predicted reduction. In the early 1970s, premature CHD mortality (35 to 74 years) was about 37% higher among Eastern Finnish men and 23% higher among Eastern Finnish women, compared with men and women in Southwestern Finland. During the last 40 years, premature CHD mortality declined markedly in both areas, but the decline was larger in Eastern Finland and the mortality gap between the two areas nearly disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Pietilä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Puska
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Borodulin K, Tolonen H, Jousilahti P, Jula A, Juolevi A, Koskinen S, Kuulasmaa K, Laatikainen T, Männistö S, Peltonen M, Perola M, Puska P, Salomaa V, Sundvall J, Virtanen SM, Vartiainen E. Cohort Profile: The National FINRISK Study. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 47:696-696i. [PMID: 29165699 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Borodulin
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Tolonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Juolevi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Peltonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Puska
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Chau J, Chey T, Burks-Young S, Engelen L, Bauman A. Trends in prevalence of leisure time physical activity and inactivity: results from Australian National Health Surveys 1989 to 2011. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 41:617-624. [PMID: 28749561 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends in leisure time physical activity and inactivity in Australians aged 15 years or older from 1989 to 2011. METHOD We used data from six Australian National Health Surveys conducted from 1989/90 to 2011/12 in which physical activity was assessed using comparable questions. Analyses examined trends in the prevalence of sufficient physical activity (≥150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and of inactivity (<30 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). RESULTS The proportion of sufficiently active adults was 39.2% in 1989 and 40.7% in 2011 with an overall declining trend of 0.2% per year (p=0.012). The prevalence of inactivity was 38.7% in 1989 and 37.3% in 2011; the overall time trend by year was stable (OR=0.999, p=0.242). In women, sufficient physical activity decreased by 0.3% per year from 35.5% in 1989 (p=0.025); inactivity increased from 39.5% by 0.3% per year (p=0.004). In men, sufficient physical activity prevalence was 43.1% in 1989 with a steady trend; inactivity decreased from 37.9% by 0.5% per year (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sufficient physical activity remains low and inactivity high. Women appear to be a key target group for intervention. Public health efforts have been ineffective over two decades for improving physical activity among Australian adults. Implications for public health: This research supports calls for a national physical activity action plan given the multitude of benefits from sufficient physical activity. Maintenance of consistent physical activity questions in future National Health Surveys will facilitate long term tracking of physical activity levels in the Australian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Chau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Tien Chey
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Sarah Burks-Young
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Lina Engelen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
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37
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Solomon A, Borodulin K, Ngandu T, Kivipelto M, Laatikainen T, Kulmala J. Self-rated physical fitness and estimated maximal oxygen uptake in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:532-540. [PMID: 28543703 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal associations of self-rated physical fitness and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. A total of 59 741 participants in the Finnish National FINRISK Study Cohort had data on self-rated physical fitness and covariates. A subsample of 4823 participants had estimated VO2max data. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 38 years. Associations of self-rated physical fitness and VO2max with mortality were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The study showed that poor self-rated physical fitness was related to all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-2.0) and mortality due to cardiovascular (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.9-2.2), cerebrovascular (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2) and respiratory diseases (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9-2.4), trauma (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.0), infections (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.7), dementia (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3), and cancer (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.9). Coexisting higher age, physical inactivity, male gender, and severe chronic conditions further increased the risk. In men, higher VO2max was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer mortality (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.96). Based on the results, self-rated physical fitness reflects a combination of unfavorable biological and lifestyle-related factors, which increase mortality risk. A simple question about perceived physical fitness may reveal at-risk individuals who would benefit from more intensive treatment of chronic conditions and other interventions aiming to promote better fitness and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solomon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Borodulin
- Health Monitoring Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kivipelto
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Laatikainen
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.,Hospital District of North Karelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - J Kulmala
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Association between long-term smoking and leisure-time physical inactivity: a cohort study among Finnish twins with a 35-year follow-up. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:819-829. [PMID: 28488098 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-0975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate longitudinal associations of smoking and a change in smoking status with leisure-time physical inactivity. In addition, to control whether familial confounding (genetics and shared environment) influences the associations. METHODS Data were based on the population-based Finnish Adult Twin Cohort of 5254 twin individuals born in 1945-1957 (41% men) and who participated in all four surveys over a 35-year follow-up (1975-2011). Logistic and conditional logistic regression models with multiple covariates were used for analyses. RESULTS Compared to never-smokers, long-term daily smokers (1975-1990) had the highest likelihood for both long-term inactivity and to change into inactive by 2011. Recurrent smoking was associated with long-term inactivity. Instead, in comparison to persistent daily smokers, quitting smoking decreased the likelihood of becoming physically inactive at leisure time. The associations remained in the analyses which accounted for multiple covariates and/or familial confounding. CONCLUSIONS Daily smoking increases the likelihood of remaining or becoming physically inactive over the decades. Our results emphasize not only the importance of preventing smoking initiation, but also to support early smoking cessation in promotion of lifelong physical activity.
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Berntsen S, Malnes L, Langåker A, Bere E. Physical activity when riding an electric assisted bicycle. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:55. [PMID: 28446180 PMCID: PMC5406898 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objectives of the present study were to compare time spent cycling, exercise intensity, and time spent in moderate- (MPA) and vigorous intensity physical activity (VPA) when cycling on an E-bike and a conventional bicycle on two “cycling-to-work” routes with differences in topography, defined as a hilly and a flat route. Methods Eight adults (23–54 years, two women) cycled outdoors on a conventional bicycle and an E-bike, on a flat (8.2 km) and a hilly (7.1 km) route, resulting in 32 journeys. Duration, elevation, and oxygen consumption were recorded using a portable oxygen analyser with GPS. A maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test was performed on a cycle ergometer. Resting metabolic rate was obtained by indirect calorimetry with a canopy hood. Results The participants spent less time (median (IQR)) cycling on the E-bike compared with the conventional bicycle, on both the hilly (18.8 (4.9) vs. 26.3 (6.4) minutes) and the flat (20.0 (2.9) vs. 23.8 (1.8) minutes) routes. Lower exercise intensity was observed with the E-bike compared with the conventional bicycle, both on the hilly (50 (18) vs. 60 (22) % of maximal oxygen uptake) and the flat (52 (19) vs. 55 (12) % of maximal oxygen uptake) routes. In both cycling modes, most time was spent in MVPA (92–99%). However, fewer minutes were spent in MVPA with the E-bike than the conventional bicycle, for both the hilly (26% lower) and the flat (17% lower) routes. Cycling on the E-bike also resulted in 35 and 15% fewer minutes in vigorous intensity, respectively on the hilly and flat routes. Conclusion Cycling on the E-bike resulted in lower trip duration and exercise intensity, compared with the conventional bicycle. However, most of the time was spent in MVPA. This suggests that changing the commuting mode from car to E-bike will significantly increase levels of physical activity while commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinung Berntsen
- Deparment of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Post Box 422, NO-4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Lena Malnes
- Deparment of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Post Box 422, NO-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Aleksander Langåker
- Deparment of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Post Box 422, NO-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elling Bere
- Deparment of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Post Box 422, NO-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
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Hankonen N, Heino MTJ, Hynynen ST, Laine H, Araújo-Soares V, Sniehotta FF, Vasankari T, Sund R, Haukkala A. Randomised controlled feasibility study of a school-based multi-level intervention to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviour among vocational school students. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:37. [PMID: 28327174 PMCID: PMC5361824 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No school-based physical activity (PA) interventions among older adolescents have demonstrated long-term effectiveness, and few of them so far have addressed sedentary behaviour (SB). Based on behavioural theories and evidence, we designed a multi-level intervention to increase PA and decrease SB among vocational school students. This study investigates feasibility and acceptability of two main intervention components and research procedures. We also examine uptake of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) by the participants. Methods Design was an outcome assessor blinded, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Four classes of students (matched pairs) were randomised into one intervention and one control arm. The intervention consisted of (1) a 6-h group-based intervention for students, (2) two 2-h training workshops to reduce their students’ sitting in class for teachers, and (3) provision of light PA equipment in classrooms. At baseline (T1), mid-intervention (T2) at 3 weeks, post-intervention (T3) and 6 months after baseline (T4) we measured hypothesised psychosocial mediators and self-reported PA and sitting. Objective assessment of PA and SB (7-day accelerometry) was conducted at T1, T3 and T4. Body composition (bioimpedance) was measured at T1 and T4. Students and teachers in the intervention arm filled in acceptability questionnaires at T3. Results Recruitment rate was 64% (students) and 88.9% (teachers), and at T3, all post-intervention measurements were completed by 33 students (retention 76.7%) and 15 teachers (retention 93.8%). Acceptability ratings of sessions were high (students M = 6.29, scale 1–7), and data collection procedures were feasible. Intervention arm students reported increased use of BCTs, but uptake of some key BCTs was suboptimal. BCT use correlated highly with objective measures of PA. Based on both self-report and student evaluation, teachers in the intervention arm increased the use of sitting reduction strategies at post-intervention and T4 follow-up (p < .05). Conclusions We detected willingness of the target groups to participate, good response rates to questionnaires, adequate retention, as well as acceptability of the trial protocol. Investigation of BCT use among students helped further enhance intervention procedures to promote BCT use. After making necessary modifications identified, intervention effectiveness can next be tested in a definitive trial. Trial registration ISRCTN34534846. Registered 23 May 2014. Retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0484-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Kalevankatu 4, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti T J Heino
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hanna Laine
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Reijo Sund
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Haukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Bennie JA, Pedisic Z, Suni JH, Tokola K, Husu P, Biddle SJH, Vasankari T. Self-reported health-enhancing physical activity recommendation adherence among 64,380 finnish adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1842-1853. [PMID: 28230924 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Finnish recommendations for health-enhancing physical activity (PA) for adults (≥18 years) recommend: (i) ≥150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and (ii) activities that develop muscle strength and balance ≥2 days/week. However, adherence to these recommendations among the Finnish adults is currently unknown. This study reports on the self-reported adherence to the PA recommendations and associations with sociodemographic factors among Finnish adults. Data were used from the Finnish "Regional Health and Well-being Study." In 2013-2014, postal questionnaires were sent to 132,560 persons, with 69,032 responding (response rate =52.1%). The weighted proportions adhering to the: (i) MVPA recommendation, (ii) sufficient muscle-strengthening activity (≥2 days/week), (iii) sufficient balance training (≥2 days/week), and (iv) Finnish health-enhancing PA recommendations (Finnish recommendations) were calculated. Associations with sociodemographic variables (eg, age, education level, self-rated health) were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Of 69,032 respondents, 92.6% (n=64,380, response rate =48.6%, 18-98 years) reported on their physical activity levels. A total of 31.2% (95% CI: 30.8%-31.6%) met the aerobic MVPA recommendation, 17.2% (95% CI: 16.9%-17.6%) reported sufficient muscle-strengthening activity, 6.7% (95% CI: 6.4%-6.9%) reported sufficient balance training, and 10.8% (95% CI: 10.5%-11.1%) met the Finnish recommendations. In the adjusted analysis, those with poorer self-rated health, older age, lower education levels, and those classified overweight or obese were independently associated with lower odds of meeting the Finnish recommendations. The vast majority of Finnish adults do not meet the full PA recommendations. Public health action is needed to increase PA in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bennie
- Active Living and Public Health Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z Pedisic
- Active Living and Public Health Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J H Suni
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - S J H Biddle
- Active Living and Public Health Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Hirvensalo M, Magnussen CG, Yang X, Telama R, Heinonen I, Hutri-Kähönen N, Salin K, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Tammelin TH. Convergent Validity of a Physical Activity Questionnaire against Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ape.2017.74038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Morseth B, Jacobsen BK, Emaus N, Wilsgaard T, Jørgensen L. Secular trends and correlates of physical activity: The Tromsø Study 1979-2008. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1215. [PMID: 27912742 PMCID: PMC5135806 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to describe secular trends in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and work related physical activity (WPA) from 1979 to 2008. Additionally, we explored potential cross-sectional and longitudinal correlates of LTPA and WPA. Methods Data are collected from 34,898 individuals (49.7% men) aged >20 years who participated in at least one Tromsø Study survey between 1979 and 2008. In each survey, the participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and underwent physical examinations. LTPA and WPA were assessed by the validated “Saltin-Grimby” 4-scale questions. Potential correlates of LTPA and WPA (sex, age, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking, self-reported cardiovascular disease, self-perceived health, and employment status) were tested using ordinal logistic regression. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of participants being inactive in leisure time remained relatively stable around 20% from 1979 to 2008 (range 19.9–23.6%). The age-adjusted prevalence of moderate-vigorous LTPA decreased from 23.2% in 1979–80 to 16.0% in 2001, thereafter the prevalence increased to 24.3% in 2007–08 (P <0.05). The age-adjusted prevalence of being mostly sedentary at work increased gradually from 35.5% in 1979–80 to 53.4% in 2007–08 (P <0.05). Sex, age, education, and smoking were identified as cross-sectional correlates of LTPA and WPA (P <0.05). Men had higher odds of engaging in LTPA than women (adjusted OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.39–1.67] in 2007–08), whereas the association between sex and WPA shifted over time. High education level, not being a smoker, and high WPA were associated with high LTPA, whereas low education level, being a smoker, and high levels of LTPA were associated with high WPA (P <0.05). In general, odds of engaging in LTPA and WPA decreased with age (P <0.05). Individuals with healthy BMI had higher odds of being in a higher LTPA level than those who were underweight and obese (P <0.05). Longitudinal analyses identified sex, age, education, smoking, WPA, and LTPA measured in 1979–80 as determinants of LTPA in 2007–08. Conclusions In Norwegian adults, the proportion of sedentary WPA increased from 1979 to 2008, whereas the proportion of inactive LTPA remained stable. Being female, older, smoker, obese or underweight, and low education level were associated with low LTPA levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3886-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Morseth
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway Trust, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Therapeutic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Tuovinen EL, Saarni SE, Männistö S, Borodulin K, Patja K, Kinnunen TH, Kaprio J, Korhonen T. Smoking status and abdominal obesity among normal- and overweight/obese adults: Population-based FINRISK study. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:324-30. [PMID: 27486563 PMCID: PMC4959936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported direct associations of smoking with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. However, the interplay between them is poorly understood. Our first aim was to investigate the interaction between smoking status and BMI on abdominal obesity (waist circumference, WC). Our second aim was to examine how the association of smoking status with WC varies among normal and overweight/obese men and women. We examined 5833 participants from the National FINRISK 2007 Study. The interactions between smoking and BMI on WC were analyzed. Participants were categorized into eight groups according to BMI (normal weight vs. overweight/obese) and smoking status (never smoker, ex-smoker, occasional/light/moderate daily smoker, heavy daily smoker). The associations between each BMI/smoking status -group and WC were analyzed by multiple regressions, the normal-weight never smokers as the reference group. The smoking status by BMI-interaction on WC was significant for women, but not for men. Among the overweight/obese women, ex-smokers (β = 2.73; 1.99, 3.46) and heavy daily smokers (β = 4.90; 3.35, 6.44) had the highest estimates for WC when adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity. In comparison to never smoking overweight/obese women, the β-coefficients of ex-smokers and heavy daily smokers were significantly higher. Among men and normal weight women the β -coefficients did not significantly differ by smoking status. An interaction between smoking status and BMI on abdominal obesity was observed in women: overweight/obese heavy daily smokers were particularly vulnerable for abdominal obesity. This risk group should be targeted for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva-Liisa Tuovinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suoma E. Saarni
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of Southwest Finland and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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45
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Mäki-Opas TE, Borodulin K, Valkeinen H, Stenholm S, Kunst AE, Abel T, Härkänen T, Kopperoinen L, Itkonen P, Prättälä R, Karvonen S, Koskinen S. The contribution of travel-related urban zones, cycling and pedestrian networks and green space to commuting physical activity among adults - a cross-sectional population-based study using geographical information systems. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:760. [PMID: 27516181 PMCID: PMC4982435 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current political agenda aims to promote active environments and physical activity while commuting to work, but research on it has provided mixed results. This study examines whether the proximity of green space and people's residence in different travel-related urban zones contributes to commuting physical activity. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional health examination survey, Health 2011 study, and geographical information system (GIS) data were utilized. The GIS data on green space and travel-related urban zones were linked to the individuals of the Health 2011 study, based on their home geocoordinates. Commuting physical activity was self-reported. Logistic regression models were applied, and age, gender, education, leisure-time and occupational physical activity were adjusted. Analyses were limited to those of working age, living in the core-urban areas of Finland and having completed information on commuting physical activity (n = 2 098). RESULTS Home location in a pedestrian zone of a main centre (odds ratio = 1.63; 95 % confidence interval = 1.06-2.51) or a pedestrian zone of a sub-centre (2.03; 1.09-3.80) and higher proportion of cycling and pedestrian networks (3.28; 1.71-6.31) contributed to higher levels of commuting physical activity. The contribution remained after adjusting for all the environmental attributes and individuals. Based on interaction analyses, women living in a public transport zone were almost two times more likely to be physically active while commuting compared to men. A high proportion of recreational green space contributed negatively to the levels of commuting physical activity (0.73; 0.57-0.94) after adjusting for several background factors. Based on interaction analyses, individuals aged from 44 to 54 years and living in sub-centres, men living in pedestrian zones of sub-centres, and those individuals who are physically inactive during leisure-time were less likely to be physically active while commuting. CONCLUSIONS Good pedestrian and cycling infrastructure may play an important role in promoting commuting physical activity among the employed population, regardless of educational background, leisure-time and occupational physical activity. Close proximity to green space and a high proportion of green space near the home may not be sufficient to initiate commuting physical activity in Finland, where homes surrounded by green areas are often situated in car-oriented zones far from work places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi E Mäki-Opas
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katja Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Valkeinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anton E Kunst
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Abel
- University of Bern, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pekka Itkonen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland.,City of Helsinki, Helsinki City Rescue Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Prättälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Karvonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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Piirtola M, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Heikkilä K, Koskenvuo M, Svedberg P, Silventoinen K, Ropponen A. Association between education and future leisure-time physical inactivity: a study of Finnish twins over a 35-year follow-up. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:720. [PMID: 27492437 PMCID: PMC4973543 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Education is associated with health related lifestyle choices including leisure-time physical inactivity. However, the longitudinal associations between education and inactivity merit further studies. We investigated the association between education and leisure-time physical inactivity over a 35-year follow-up with four time points controlling for multiple covariates including familial confounding. Methods This study of the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort consisted of 5254 twin individuals born in 1945–1957 (59 % women), of which 1604 were complete same-sexed twin pairs. Data on leisure-time physical activity and multiple covariates was available from four surveys conducted in 1975, 1981, 1990 and 2011 (response rates 72 to 89 %). The association between years of education and leisure-time physical inactivity (<1.5 metabolic equivalent hours/day) was first analysed for each survey. Then, the role of education was investigated for 15-year and 35-year inactivity periods in the longitudinal analyses. The co-twin control design was used to analyse the potential familial confounding of the effects. All analyses were conducted with and without multiple covariates. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic and conditional (fixed-effects) regression models. Results Each additional year of education was associated with less inactivity (OR 0.94 to 0.95, 95 % CI 0.92, 0.99) in the cross-sectional age- and sex-adjusted analyses. The associations of education with inactivity in the 15- and 35-year follow-ups showed a similar trend: OR 0.97 (95 % CI 0.93, 1.00) and OR 0.94 (95 % CI 0.91, 0.98), respectively. In all co-twin control analyses, each year of higher education was associated with a reduced likelihood of inactivity suggesting direct effect (i.e. independent from familial confounding) of education on inactivity. However, the point estimates were lower than in the individual-level analyses. Adjustment for multiple covariates did not change these associations. Conclusions Higher education is associated with lower odds of leisure-time physical inactivity during the three-decade follow-up. The association was found after adjusting for several confounders, including familial factors. Hence, the results point to the conclusion that education has an independent role in the development of long-term physical inactivity and tailored efforts to promote physical activity among lower educated people would be needed throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Piirtola
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 (Tukholmankatu 8, 2B), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 (Tukholmankatu 8, 2B), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 (Tukholmankatu 8, 2B), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Koskenvuo
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 (Tukholmankatu 8, 2B), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ten-Year Changes in the Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Physical Activity among Polish Adults Aged 20 to 74 Years. Results of the National Multicenter Health Surveys WOBASZ (2003-2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156766. [PMID: 27272130 PMCID: PMC4896475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to estimate ten-year changes in physical activity (PA) patterns and sociodemographic determinants among adult residents of Poland. Methods The study comprised two independent samples of randomly selected adults aged 20–74 years participating in the National Multicentre Health Survey WOBASZ (2003–2005; n = 14572) and WOBASZ II (2013–2014; n = 5694). In both surveys the measurements were performed by six academic centers in all 16 voivodships of Poland (108 measurement points in each survey). Sociodemographic data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire in both surveys. Physical activity was assessed in three domains: leisure-time, occupational and commuting physical activity. Results Leisure-time PA changed substantially between the surveys (p<0.001). The prevalence of subjects being active on most days of week fell in both genders in the years 2003–2014 (37.4% vs 27.3% in men); 32.7% vs 28.3% in women. None or occasional activity increased from 49.6% to 56.8% in men, while remained stable in women (55.2% vs 54.9%). In both WOBASZ surveys the likelihood of physical inactivity was higher in less educated individuals, smokers and those living in large agglomerations (p<0.01). No significant changes were observed in occupational activity in men between the surveys, while in women percentage of sedentary work increased from 43.4% to % 49.4% (p<0.01). Commuting PA decreased significantly in both genders (p<0.001). About 79.3% of men and 71.3% of women reported no active commuting in the WOBASZ II survey. Conclusions The observed unfavourable changes in PA emphasize the need for novel intervention concepts in order to reverse this direction. Further detailed monitoring of PA patterns in Poland is of particular importance.
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48
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Wiklund P. The role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management: Time for critical appraisal. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:151-154. [PMID: 30356545 PMCID: PMC6188737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity (PA). Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent decline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.
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Tian Y, Jiang C, Wang M, Cai R, Zhang Y, He Z, Wang H, Wu D, Wang F, Liu X, He Z, An P, Wang M, Tang Q, Yang Y, Zhao J, Lv S, Zhou W, Yu B, Lan J, Yang X, Zhang L, Tian H, Gu Z, Song Y, Huang T, McNaughton LR. BMI, leisure-time physical activity, and physical fitness in adults in China: results from a series of national surveys, 2000-14. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:487-97. [PMID: 27133172 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, physical inactivity, and reduced physical fitness contribute to the rising burden of chronic diseases in China. We investigated these factors in Chinese adults over a 14-year period (2000-14) using data from randomised national surveys. METHODS We did four national surveys in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014 among Chinese adults aged 20-59 years. We used BMI to assess underweight (<18·5 kg/m(2)), overweight (≥23·0 to <27·5 kg/m(2)), and obesity (≥27·5 kg/m(2)). Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 90 cm in men and greater than 85 cm in women. We assessed leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) by whether or not participants had completed the recommended minimum 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous exercise per week. Indices for assessment of physical fitness were forced vital capacity, resting heart rate, hand grip strength, sit and reach distance, and time standing on one leg. FINDINGS 151 656 (78%) of 193 440 adults responded to the survey in 2000, 163 386 (84%) in 2005, 154 931 (80%) in 2010, and 146 703 (76%) in 2014. The prevalence of obesity increased from 8·6% in 2000, to 10·3% in 2005, 12·2% in 2010, and 12·9% in 2014 (estimated increase 0·32% per year, 95% CI 0·30-0·33; p<0·0001). The equivalent estimates were 37·4%, 39·2%, 40·7%, and 41·2% for overweight (estimated increase 0·27% per year, 95% CI 0·25-0·30; p<0·0001) and 13·9%, 18·3%, 22·1%, and 24·9% for central obesity (estimated increase 0·78% per year, 0·76-0·80; p<0·0001). The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity increased with age (all p<0·0001) and was higher in men than in women (all p<0·0001). We noted a simultaneous decrease in the prevalence of underweight (estimated decrease of 0·06% per year, 95% CI 0·04-0·07; p<0·0001). The proportion of adults meeting the minimum LTPA recommendation increased over time (17·2% in 2000, 18·1% in 2005, and 22·8% in 2014), with the estimated prevalence change per year being 0·33% (95% CI 0·24-0·42; p<0·0001) for underweight people, 0·50% (0·47-0·53; p<0·0001) for normal-weight people, 0·37% (0·34-0·40; p<0·0001) for overweight people, and 0·06% (0·00-0·13; p=0·044) for obese people. We noted deteriorations over time in all measures of physical fitness in normal-weight adults (all p<0·0001), apart from resting heart rate (p=0·69). INTERPRETATION Despite increased participation in LTPA, we noted increases in overweight or obesity and a decrease in physical fitness in Chinese adults. Continued nationwide interventions are needed to promote physical activity and other healthy lifestyle behaviours in China. FUNDING National Physical Fitness Surveillance Center and Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; China Anti-Doping Agency, Beijing, China.
| | - Chongmin Jiang
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong He
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Wu
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fubaihui Wang
- Sports for All, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Sports for All, Shanghai Institute of Sport Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtao He
- Sports for All, Si Chuan Institute of Sport Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping An
- Sports for All, Zhe Jiang Institute of Sport Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Munan Wang
- Sports for All, Yun Nan Institute of Sport Science, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Sports for All, Jiang Su Institute of Sport Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Sports for All, Fu Jian Institute of Sport Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Sports for All, Gui Zhou Institute of Sport Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Sports for All, Jiang Xi Institute of Sport Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Weihai Zhou
- Sports for All, Guang Dong Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Sports for All, Shan Dong Institute of Sport Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang Lan
- Sports for All, Shan Xi Institute of Sport Science, Xian, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Sports for All, Gansu Institute of Sport Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Sports for All, Ning Xia Institute of Sport Science, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Gu
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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Lindström J, Uusitupa M, Tuomilehto J, Peltonen M. Following in the Footsteps of the North Karelia Project: Prevention of
Type 2 Diabetes. Glob Heart 2016; 11:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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