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Yauk J, Veal B, Dobbs D. Understanding the Link Between Retirement Timing and Cognition: A Scoping Review. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:588-600. [PMID: 37991327 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231213745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have increased the age for full retirement benefits to alleviate financial pressures. Older age is linked to higher rates of cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is crucial for public policymakers to understand the relationship between retirement timing and cognition. The purpose of this scoping review was to review the retirement timing and cognition literature and to assess possible modifying factors. A search across three databases yielded a total of 10 studies. Five studies revealed mixed findings regarding the relationship between retirement timing and cognitive decline, with reported positive, negative, and null associations. In contrast, five studies found that later retirement age reduced the risk of dementia. More cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to investigate modifiable factors such as job characteristics and leisure activities to clarify the mechanisms underlying the relationship between retirement timing and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yauk
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavior and Community Sciences. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Britney Veal
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavior and Community Sciences. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Debra Dobbs
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavior and Community Sciences. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Zocher K. Exiting primary care providers. Health Econ 2024; 33:1033-1054. [PMID: 38337145 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This article studies the impact of primary care providers (PCPs) exit from the local health care system on patients' health care utilization. I compare patients with each other whose physicians have left the local health care system at different points in time due to retirement, relocation, or other reasons. Estimation results indicate that the imminent exit leads soon-leaving physicians to changing their treatment behavior, which has a significant impact on patients' health care spending. In addition, successors and new PCPs provide significantly more preventive services in the post-exit-period and refer patients more often to specialists for further examinations than the physicians who exit later. The increased inpatient expenditures in the post-exit period are caused by the new PCPs (through referrals). Self-initiated substitution behavior of patients (e.g., less PCP care, more specialist care) after the exit is observed but is low in magnitude. Although an overall increase in health service utilization is observed, mortality in the post-exit periods is significantly increased among affected patients. A possible explanation is the low frequency follow-up care of patients who were referred to hospitals by their former PCP in the notification-period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zocher
- Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
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Herbst AC, Coleman MC, Macon EL, Brokman A, Stromberg AJ, Harris PA, Adams AA. Retirement risk factors, exercise management and muscle mass in US senior horses. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:522-534. [PMID: 37341387 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the management and health of US senior horses (≥15 years of age) is currently limited. OBJECTIVES Provide information on (1) primary use of US senior horses, (2) reasons and risk factors for horse retirement, (3) exercise management, (4) prevalence of low muscle mass and (5) risk factors for, and owner-perceived consequences of, low muscle mass. STUDY DESIGN Online survey. METHODS Survey responses from 2717 owners of U.S.-resident senior horses (≥15 years of age) were analysed descriptively and inferentially, using ordered and binomial logistic regression, ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The most frequently reported primary uses were pleasure riding/driving (38.5%) and full retirement (39.8%). Most horses (61.5%) were retired between 15 and 24 years of age, with health problems being the main reason. Age, female sex, Thoroughbred breed and various medical conditions were identified as risk factors for retirement. In working horses (i.e., those not retired or semi-retired), exercise intensity was negatively associated with age. The owner-reported prevalence of low muscle mass in all horses was 17.2% (95%CI = 15.7-18.7). In those affected by low muscle mass, the ability to work and welfare-related aspects were commonly perceived to be impaired. Increasing age, sex (gelding), pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, osteoarthritis, laminitis and primary use (retired and semi-retired vs. use for competition) were identified as risk factors for owner-reported low muscle mass. MAIN LIMITATIONS Potential response, recall and sampling bias. Causal relationships cannot be established. CONCLUSIONS Although structured exercise into old age may provide health benefits (as seen in elderly people), a large proportion of horses were fully retired in the current study. Senior horses were mainly retired for health problems and characterising these problems may aid in extending their work/active life. Low muscle mass was perceived to affect horses' welfare and ability to work, and identification of prevention and treatment strategies is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa C Herbst
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michelle C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Erica L Macon
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aviv Brokman
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Arnold J Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pat A Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Amanda A Adams
- MARS EQUESTRIAN™ Research Fellow, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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McDonnall MC, Cmar JL. Employment and retirement among workers who develop vision loss in midlife. Work 2024:WOR230669. [PMID: 38640188 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision loss increases with age and is thus more likely to happen later in one's career. With more individuals working beyond typical retirement age, the possibility of experiencing vision loss while working has increased. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate how developing vision loss during midlife affects employment and retirement. METHOD Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data, we identified a sample of 167 workers, 44 to 64 years old, who developed vision loss and a matched comparison sample of 800 workers who did not. We explored job retention and retirement differences between the groups and differences between people with vision loss who retained jobs versus those who did not. RESULTS Vision loss was associated with leaving the labor force, although there was a clear trend over time of increasing likelihood of job retention. Occupational category was associated with job retention and people who continued working had more favorable financial situations. Retirees with vision loss were more likely to report involuntary retirement and dissatisfaction with retirement. CONCLUSIONS The decreasing likelihood of leaving the labor market after vision loss is an encouraging finding of this study. Workers who left the labor force after vision loss were more likely to be in precarious financial positions, and retirees did not have positive experiences with retirement. Assisting workers with vision loss to remain in the labor force is of vital importance, and increasing awareness and usage of free services for this population may reduce involuntary retirement and its negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele C McDonnall
- The National Research & Training Center on Blindness & Low Vision, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cmar
- The National Research & Training Center on Blindness & Low Vision, Mississippi State University, USA
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Kubilay E, Trawley S, Ward GM, Fourlanos S, Colman PG, McAuley SA. Real-world lived experience of older adults with type 1 diabetes after an automated insulin delivery trial. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15264. [PMID: 38073128 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS First-generation closed-loop automated insulin delivery improves glycaemia and psychosocial outcomes among older adults with type 1 diabetes in clinical trials. However, no study has previously assessed real-world lived experience of older adults using closed-loop therapy outside a trial environment. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults who were pre-existing insulin pump users and previously completed the OldeR Adult Closed-Loop (ORACL) randomised trial. Interviews focused on perceptions of diabetes technology use, and factors influencing decisions regarding continuation. RESULTS Twenty-eight participants, mean age 70 years (SD 5), were interviewed at median 650 days (IQR 608-694) after their final ORACL trial visit. At interview, 23 participants (82%) were still using a commercial closed-loop system (requiring manual input for prandial insulin bolus doses). Themes discussed in interviews relating to closed-loop system use included sustained psychosocial benefits, cost and retirement considerations and usability frustrations relating to sensor accuracy and system alarms. Of the five participants who had discontinued, reasons included cost, continuous glucose monitoring-associated difficulties and usability frustrations. Cost was the largest consideration regarding continued use; most participants considered the increased ease of diabetes management to be worth the associated costs, though cost was prohibitive for some. CONCLUSIONS Almost 2 years after completing a closed-loop clinical trial, closed-loop automated insulin delivery remains the preferred type 1 diabetes therapy for the majority of older adult participants. Chronological age is not a barrier to real-world successful use of diabetes technology. Identifying age-related barriers, and solutions, to diabetes technology use among older adults is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Kubilay
- Department of Psychology, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Trawley
- Department of Psychology, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn M Ward
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spiros Fourlanos
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sybil A McAuley
- Department of Psychology, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tezuka K, Kubota Y, Ohira T, Muraki I, Hayama-Terada M, Shimizu Y, Imano H, Shirai K, Okada T, Kiyama M, Iso H. Retirement status after the age of 60 years modifies the association between anger expression and the risk of cardiovascular disease: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:385-389. [PMID: 38449304 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM Anger expression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This positive association was confined to individuals with lower perceived social support and outdoor recreational activity. However, the effects of retirement status remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether retirement status after the age of 60 years modifies the association between anger expression and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the Japanese population. METHODS This longitudinal study included 499 community-dwelling retired and employed workers aged 60-79 years, who completed a cardiovascular risk survey in 1997. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of incident cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease and stroke) according to anger expression in retired and employed workers after adjusting for potential cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS A total of 37 participants experienced incident cardiovascular disease during the mean follow-up period of 14.8 years (standard deviation 5.5 years). In retired workers, anger expression was associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk, whereas no such association was observed in employed workers. The respective hazard ratio per one-standard deviation increment of total anger expression was 1.77 (95% confidence interval 1.29-2.43) and 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.64-1.66; P for interaction = 0.036) among retired and employed workers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between anger expression and the risk of cardiovascular disease was confined to retired workers, suggesting that continuing work after retirement age could reduce anger expression-related cardiovascular disease risk. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 385-389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Tezuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Isao Muraki
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Kiso H, Collazo JL, Avila ML. "Mi Familia Quiere Que Regrese": Retired Latiné Immigrants' Families' Expectations to Return to Their Country of Origin. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:267-283. [PMID: 37593771 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231194237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a quantitative, interdisciplinary study that investigated how financial concerns and varying family connections influence the retirement choices of Latiné immigrants in terms of returning to their country of origin. We hypothesized that being worried about one's finances for retirement, and having strong transnational ties, would lead to familial expectations to return to one's country of origin. Through data collected from a survey through Qualtrics, we found that higher levels of financial worry significantly affected greater familial expectations to return to their country of origin. The transnational ties that influenced the families' expectations to return to their country of origin was having children, friends, and family not residing in the U.S. Following our findings, we discuss potential future directions and implications relating to transnational ties, remittances, and older Latiné immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kiso
- Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | - José Luis Collazo
- Department of Sociology, California State University, Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Mayra L Avila
- Department of History, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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Xu J, Pan Y, Li Q. Influencing factors of health screening among retirees: an extended TPB approach. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1320920. [PMID: 38584918 PMCID: PMC10998445 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Health screenings are promoted worldwide as they help detect and prevent overall health issues. Despite expanding coverage, the participation rate among the retired population has not significantly increased. Given the special role of health screenings in promoting health and healthy aging, understanding the behavioral intentions, and influencing factors of retirees' voluntary participation in health screenings is crucial. This study aims to explore the participation intentions in health screenings among the Chinese retired population by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Self-Efficacy (SE). Methods This study used a cross-sectional design to conduct an online questionnaire among 311 retirees in 2023. The questionnaire, tailored for the Chinese retired population, combines the TPB theory and Self-Efficacy theory, including demographic structure, the basic structure of TPB, and SE. Results A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was used to identify factors related to health screening behaviors. Of the respondents, 311 completed the survey (88.9% response rate). The most crucial determinant of health examination behavior was behavioral intention, with a correlation score of (1.524, p < 0.001). Significant correlates of behavioral intention included Subjective Norms (SN) and Self-Efficacy (SE), followed by Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) and Attitude (AT), with correlation scores of (0.401, p < 0.001), (0.339, p < 0.001), (0.082, p < 0.001), and (0.060, p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion This study provides insights for enhancing the willingness and behavior of retirees to participate in health screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Department of Smart Experience Design, Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Pan
- Department of Smart Experience Design, Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wenzel R. Leading an Army. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:e193-e194. [PMID: 38038275 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wenzel
- Volunteer, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Olesker W, Blum H, Kernberg O, Oppenheim L. Aging, Dying, and the Analytic Process. Psychoanal Rev 2024; 111:11-23. [PMID: 38551655 DOI: 10.1521/prev.2024.111.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The panel discussion presented at the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute's 1066th Scientific Meeting held on June 8, 2023, takes up aging and dying of an analyst and their impact on patients and on the nature of analytic process. Participants reflect on conflicts and challenges arising with more analysts and patients living to an advanced age, on the unregulated nature of analysts' retirement, and on multilayered meanings of analysts' ethical commitment to their work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold Blum
- 181 E. 73rd St, # 10 F, New York, NY10021, E-mail:
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Sharma AM, Tenny S, Yang GL, Cheng J, Ratliff JK, Steinmetz MP, Krishnamurthy S, Adogwa O, Swartz K. Factors affecting retirement and workforce attrition in neurosurgery: results of a Council of State Neurosurgical Societies national survey. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:839-848. [PMID: 37657112 DOI: 10.3171/2023.7.jns231117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By 2030, the US will not have enough neurosurgeons to meet the clinical needs of its citizens. Replacement of neurosurgeons due to attrition can take more than a decade, given the time-intensive training process. To identify potential workforce retention targets, the authors sought to identify factors that might impact neurosurgeons' retirement considerations. METHODS The Council of State Neurosurgical Societies surveyed practicing AANS-registered neurosurgeons via email link to an online form with 25 factors that were ranked using a Likert scale of importance regarding retirement from the field (ranging from 1 for not important to 3 for very important). All participants were asked: "If you could afford it, would you retire today?" RESULTS A total of 447 of 3200 neurosurgeons (14%) responded; 6% had been in practice for less than 5 years, 19% for 6-15 years, 57% for 16-30 years, and 18% for more than 30 years. Practice types included academic (18%), hospital employed (31%), independent with academic appointment (9%), and full independent practice (39%). The most common practice size was between 2 and 5 physicians (46%), with groups of 10 or more being the next most common (20%). Career satisfaction, income, and the needs of patients were rated as the most important factors keeping neurosurgeons in the workforce. Increasing regulatory burden, decreasing clinical autonomy, and the burden of insurance companies were the highest rated for factors important in considering retirement. Subgroup analysis by career stage, practice size, practice type, and geographic region revealed no significant difference in responses. When considering if they would retire now, 45% of respondents answered "yes." Subgroup analysis revealed that midcareer neurosurgeons (16-25 years in practice) were more likely to respond "yes" than those just entering their careers or in practice for more than 25 years (p = 0.03). This effect was confirmed in multivariate logistic regression (p = 0.04). These surgeons found professional satisfaction (p = 0.001), recertification requirements (p < 0.001), and maintaining high levels of income (p = 0.008) important to maintaining employment within the neurosurgical workforce. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that midcareer neurosurgeons may benefit from targeted retention efforts. This effort should focus on maximizing professional satisfaction and financial independence, while decreasing the regulatory burden associated with certification and insurance authorization. End-of-career surgeons should be surveyed to determine factors contributing to resilience and persistence within the neurosurgical workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay M Sharma
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steven Tenny
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Salina Regional Health Center, Salina, Kansas
| | - George L Yang
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph Cheng
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John K Ratliff
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - Owoicho Adogwa
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Karin Swartz
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
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Baumeister SE, Wesselmann H, Nascimento GG, Listl S. Effect of retirement on self-rated oral health and dental services use: longitudinal fixed-effects instrumental variable study in 31 countries. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:96-102. [PMID: 38088923 PMCID: PMC10927317 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of retirement on self-rated oral health and dental services use. METHODS Covering 31 countries, we used harmonized panel data from the English Longitudinal Study on Aging (ELSA), Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Data comprised 485 085 observations from 112 240 individuals aged ≥50 years. Official and early retirement ages were leveraged as instruments in a fixed-effects instrumental variable approach. RESULTS We found that retirement exhibited a negative effect on self-rated oral health (β = -0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44- -0.30) and a positive effect on the propensity to seek dental care (β = 0.56; 95% CI 0.53-0.60). Male retirees showed a stronger decrease in self-rated oral health and increase in dental services use than female retirees. Participants who previously worked in a physically demanding job showed a stronger effect on self-rated oral health. Conversely, participants without a physically demanding job in the past exhibited a stronger retirement effect on dental service use. Compared with other health system clusters, retirement effects on dental services use were stronger in three health system clusters: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and Sweden; Israel; and the United States. CONCLUSIONS Using a quasi-experimental design, we found that transition to retirement lowers self-rated oral health and increases the use of dental services. Retirement effects appeared heterogeneous across sexes, type of previous labor, and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian-Edgar Baumeister
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Cleworth TW, Perlman C, Killingbeck J, Laing AC. Retrospective Analysis of Circumstances of Falls and Related Injuries across Levels of Care in Older Adult Retirement Home Facilities. Can J Aging 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38419403 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980824000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Towards developing more effective interventions for fall-related injuries, this study analysed a novel database from six retirement home facilities over a 4-year period comprising 1,877 fallers and 12,445 falls. Falls were characterized based on location, activity, injury site, and type, and the database was stratified across four levels of care: Independent Living, Retirement Care, Assisted Care, and Memory care. Falls most occurred within the bedroom (62.8%), and during unknown (38.1%), walking (20.2%), and transfer tasks (14.6%). Approximately one in three (37%) of all falls resulted in an injury, most commonly involving the upper limb (31.8%), head (26.3%), and lower limb (22.2%), resulting in skin tears (35.3%), aches/pains (29.1%), or bruises (28.0%). While fall location, activity, and injury site were different across levels of care, injury type was not. The data from this study can assist in targeting fall-related injury prevention strategies across levels of care within retirement facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Cleworth
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- York University Centre for Aging Research and Education, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Perlman
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrew C Laing
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Tam ACT, Murphy RA, Conklin AI, Zhang W. Does Retirement and Work Stoppage Impact Body Weight and Waist Circumference Changes in Middle- and Older-Aged Women and Men? Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241230875. [PMID: 38412849 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241230875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of employment transitions (ETs) on anthropometric changes among middle-aged and older workers (ages 45y+). Using two waves of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we analyzed the impact of ETs (stayed working, entered retirement, and stopped working) on change in body weight and waist circumference (WC) on continuous scales as well as categories (≥5% cut-off). Analyses were sex/gender-stratified. Women did not show significant weight or WC change that differed across ETs, but estimated directions suggested those who stopped working were more likely to have ≥5% change in weight. Estimated directions of continuous outcomes for women who stopped working relative to continued workers showed less weight gain and more WC gain. Men who retired gained less weight and had smaller WC gain compared to reference. The findings imply that the short-run impact of exiting the labor force may not exacerbate weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C T Tam
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annalijn I Conklin
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Hutchinson SL, Ausman C. Not Just One Long Vacation: Revisiting the Importance of Lifestyle Planning in the Transition to Retirement. Can J Aging 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38297499 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to further understand the nature and role of planning for one's lifestyle in retirement. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine retirement planning and how it impacts perceived preparedness and satisfaction with the retirement transition, as well as to explore personal experiences of retirement. METHODS Canadians (n = 748) fully or partly retired participated in an online survey that included quantitative questions about perceived retirement preparedness and satisfaction and open-ended questions about retirement goals, fears, challenges, and advice. FINDINGS Results determined that while both financial and lifestyle planning were significant predictors of higher perceived preparedness, only lifestyle planning was a significant predictor for satisfaction. Overall, no gender differences were detected. Open-ended comments highlighted the importance of planning for one's lifestyle in retirement, including meaningful activities and social connections. DISCUSSION Individualized career advising as well as group-based educational programs or peer-assisted learning initiatives appear warranted to support people in planning for their lifestyle in retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christine Ausman
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSB3H 4R2, Canada
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16
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Voss MW, Richards LG, Price P, Terrill A, Wadsworth L, Hung M. A Mixed-Methods Examination of Lost Occupational Choice in Retirement. OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2024:15394492231221964. [PMID: 38254302 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231221964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lost work opportunity and forced retirement demonstrate negative health impacts related to occupational deprivation. Measuring occupational loss during the retirement transition can be problematic. The objective of the study is to clarify measurement of involuntary retirement in its relationship to occupational loss and deprivation. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, survey data on unemployment, forced retirement, and earlier-than-planned retirement from 195 screened retirees yielded 102 reporting at least one lost work opportunity event, with 18 interviewed about occupational loss within the analytic timeframe. Planned retirement age was similar for full-employment and lost work opportunity groups. Actual retirement age was earlier in the lost work opportunity sample (age 57.5 compared with 61.2). Interviews identified a 22% discrepancy between forced retirement reported in survey versus interview data. Themes emerging from the interviews indicated financial and identity challenges from lost work opportunity, a dialectical trade-off between lost opportunity and daily freedom, and overall resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Man Hung
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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Henning G, Arriagada C, Karnick N. Retirement and Volunteering in Germany - Historical Changes and Social Inequalities. Res Aging 2024; 46:15-28. [PMID: 37066989 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231170798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The first years of retirement have often been seen as a typical time window to take up (or intensify) voluntary work. Due to the changing context of retirement and historical differences in resources, the role of retirement for volunteering may have changed with historical time. We compared individuals aged 60-70 in five cross-sectional waves (1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019) of the German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey: FWS) to investigate how the association of retirement status and volunteering has changed. We found a negative association of retirement and volunteering, which was not significant once controlling for age, education, gender and region. While engagement levels seem to have increased with historical time, voluntary work seems to have become less time consuming. There were no historical differences in the association of retirement and volunteering. Our results highlight the role of historical time and contextual factors when investigating volunteering and post-retirement activities.
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18
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Kulik L. Sources of empowerment and mental health among retired men and women: An ecological perspective. J Women Aging 2024; 36:14-32. [PMID: 37310726 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2023.2222638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The overarching goal of the present study was to examine the contribution of various sources of empowerment to mental health during retirement with an added emphasis on gender differences. The empowerment sources that were examined corresponded with three distinct ecological systems: (1) Chronosystem-resource gains from the pre- to post-retirement period and satisfaction with the prior working period; (2) Microsystem-marital power dynamics (measured by the division of household labor and decision-making in the marital relationship) and the presence of a confidant; (3) Ontogenetic system-a sense of meaning in one's life during the retirement period and an assessment of absolute resources. METHOD The research sample consisted of 160 Israeli retirees (78 women and 82 men) who had retired within the previous eight years. Data were collected by the Panels Research Institute in Israel using the institute's database of members. Participants completed an online questionnaire accessible via a website link. Statistical processing was performed using ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that retirees' reports of resource gains after retirement, their sense of meaning in life, their satisfaction with their working period prior to retirement, and their perceived level of absolute resources were all associated with mental health. Additionally, the more participants (both men and women) rated that the husband was involved in household labor, the better retirees reported their mental health to be. Gender differences were found in regard to some empowerment sources during retirement: retired women reported lower levels of mental health and prior work satisfaction compared to retired men, and men's assessments of their participation in household labor and decision-making were higher than women's assessments of their husbands' involvement. The proportion of men who reported that their wives were their confidants was higher than the proportion of women who reported that their husbands were their confidants. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, men experienced more sources of empowerment than women during retirement, but findings suggest that men's emotional dependence on their wives is greater than women's emotional dependence on their husbands. Based on the study's findings, recommendations are offered to professionals who work with retirees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Kulik
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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19
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Fischer A, Alnatour J, Seeberger B. State of Research on German Retirement Migration to Turkiye: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2024; 10:23337214241241121. [PMID: 38566842 PMCID: PMC10986167 DOI: 10.1177/23337214241241121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Alanya region on Turkey's southern coast has become an important destination for German retirement migration. Objective: Identify research studies on German retirement migration to Turkey which deal with the life situation, the motives, the handling of critical life situations in the context of retirement migration, and the reasons for return migration. Methods: The researcher conducted a qualitative systematic literature review from January 2021 to May 2021 in MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsychInfo. Results: Eleven studies on German and European retirement migration to Turkey were included after a critical assessment based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Motives for retirement migration are climatic, scenic, cultural advantages and the lower cost of living in Turkey. Conclusion: It has been found that most of the studies are thematically narrowly defined, detailed studies deal with and describe the development of retirement migration in a more general way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fischer
- Tyrolean Private University UMIT TIROL, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Jalal Alnatour
- Tyrolean Private University UMIT TIROL, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Bernd Seeberger
- Tyrolean Private University UMIT TIROL, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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20
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Frost R, Lowe A, Pinto Pereira SM. "It Makes You Feel Alive and Younger…but It's Stressful …My Back and Legs Ache": A Focus Group Study Encouraging Resistance Training Around Retirement. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:59-68. [PMID: 37699594 PMCID: PMC10693719 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231193562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness is a key component of age-related conditions such as sarcopenia and frailty. Resistance training is highly effective at preventing and treating muscle weakness; however, few adults meet recommended levels. Retirement may be a key life-stage to promote resistance training. We carried out a virtual focus group study to explore motivators and barriers to resistance training around the time of retirement, with the aim of determining strategies and messages to increase its uptake. The five focus groups (n = 30) were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. We found that resistance training was positively viewed when associated with immediate and long-term health and wellbeing benefits and had a social dimension; but there was a lack of understanding as to what constitutes resistance training, the required intensity level for effects; the role of pain; and the consequences of muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Frost
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Lowe
- The Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Snehal M. Pinto Pereira
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Gosselin C, Boller B. The impact of retirement on executive functions and processing speed: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2024; 31:1-15. [PMID: 35996815 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We used data from the Comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging to compare the cognitive performance of retirees and workers (n = 1442), 45-85 years of age at baseline. Speed processing and executive functioning were assessed using standardized assessment tools at baseline and at follow-up, measured 3 years later. Retirees and workers were matched for age, sex, and education using the nearest neighbor propensity score method with a caliper of 0.02. Mixed ANOVA and post hoc analyses were conducted separately for the English- and French-speaking samples. Results for the English-speaking sample showed a significant decline on both the Stroop and the Mental Alternation tasks for retirees compared to workers from baseline to follow-up. These results support previous cross-sectional studies that have demonstrated a negative effect of retirement on executive functioning. The absence of significant results in the French-speaking sample are discussed in terms of sample size and professional occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gosselin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Kelly RM, McDermott JH, Coogan AN. Thematic Daily Sleep Routine Analysis of Adults Not in Employment Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clocks Sleep 2023; 6:11-23. [PMID: 38247882 PMCID: PMC10801551 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Day-to-day variations in sleep timing have been associated with poorer glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the factors that influence this sleep timing variability are poorly understood. METHODS Daily routines of sleep in a sample of seventeen adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were either retired or not currently working were examined qualitatively through the application of semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis of the resulting transcripts. RESULTS Four themes were identified: "Consistent Sleeping Patterns", "Fluctuating Sleep Timing", "Night-Time Disruptions" and "Lasting Effort Needed with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus". The subthemes reflected that many participants had consistent sleep schedules across the seven-day week, but that a desire to maintain a sense of normality, household routines, television schedules and socializing were associated with different sleep timing on weekends. Active disease monitoring and timed medication taking were not identified as important factors in shaping sleep timing. Nocturia, stress and rumination were identified as important factors linked to disrupted sleep. Sleep was not reported as an issue discussed during routine clinical care. CONCLUSION Sleep timing in participants appears to be driven by interacting psychosocial and physiological factors, although active disease management does not emerge as a major influence on sleep schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland;
| | - John H. McDermott
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland;
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23
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Carr S. A gradual separation from the world: commentary on a qualitative exploration of existential loneliness in old age. Br J Community Nurs 2023; 28:586-590. [PMID: 38032719 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.12.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Loneliness is a prevalent and significant issue. It has been identified as a particularly important physical and mental health risk for older people. This article critically explores and discusses a recent study that sought to qualitatively explore the lived experiences of existential loneliness in a large sample of older people living in retirement community contexts. FINDINGS The data pointed to complex, multilayered challenges, often brought about by ageing, that give rise to unique experiences of existential loneliness for many older people. CONCLUSIONS For clinical practitioners, understanding how older people experience existential loneliness is essential if we are to develop support mechanisms that compassionately and empathically respond to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Carr
- Department of Education and Centre for Death and Society, University of Bath, UK
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24
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Serrano-Alarcón M, Ardito C, Leombruni R, Kentikelenis A, d'Errico A, Odone A, Costa G, Stuckler D. Health and labor market effects of an unanticipated rise in retirement age. Evidence from the 2012 Italian pension reform. Health Econ 2023; 32:2745-2767. [PMID: 37667427 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
As retirement ages increase around the world, not all workers may be equally able to extend their working lives. In this article, we examine the health and labor market effects of an Italian pension reform that suddenly increased the normal retirement age up to 7 years for women and up to 2 years for men. To do this, we use linked labor and healthcare administrative data, jointly with survey data and difference-in-difference methods. Our results show that the reform was effective in postponing retirement among both genders, as pension claiming dropped substantially for older workers. However, there were also side effects as the reform significantly pushed previously employed men and women into unemployment and disability pension. Among women only, the reform also increased sick leave and hospitalizations related to mental health and injuries. These effects were driven by women with previously low health status, suggesting that undifferentiated and abrupt increases in pension age might harm more vulnerable workers. Coherently with the milder tightening of retirement age experienced by men, labor market responses were smaller in size, and they did not suffer any significant health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Serrano-Alarcón
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
- DONDENA Research Centre, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ardito
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Roberto Leombruni
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Angelo d'Errico
- Epidemiology Unit of Piedmont Region, ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Epidemiology Unit of Piedmont Region, ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - David Stuckler
- DONDENA Research Centre, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy
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25
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Cox A, Rhodes RE. Increasing Physical Activity in Empty Nest and Retired Populations Online: A Randomized Feasibility Study. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:909-922. [PMID: 37263598 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The onset of retirement and children leaving the family home may offer a "window of opportunity" for individuals to influence regular moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity; therefore, this study examines the feasibility of a moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity intervention among recently retired participants (RET) and parents (P) with children who recently left the family home. A total of 46 inactive RET and nine inactive P were randomized to a 10-week web intervention (n = RET = 25/P = 4) or waitlist control (n = RET = 21/P = 5). Intervention techniques followed the multiprocess action control framework. Enrollment (37.5% for P; 40% for RET), retention (89% for P; 83% for RET), and satisfaction were high. One hundred percent of intervention-sectioned participation increased moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity compared with 52% of controls; large effect size differences were observed for key multiprocess action control constructs. Participants were highly satisfied with the intervention; however, recruitment challenges of P support moving to a randomized controlled trial for only the RET group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Cox
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC,Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC,Canada
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26
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Seibt R, Kreuzfeld S. Working time reduction, mental health, and early retirement among part-time teachers at German upper secondary schools - a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1293239. [PMID: 38074760 PMCID: PMC10710235 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1293239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Many secondary school teachers work part-time in order to cope with the high workload and to remain as healthy as possible until regular retirement. However, due to the acute shortage of teachers, the increase in the teaching obligation for part-time teachers (PTT) has become a topic of discussion in Germany. Whether a reduction in teaching hours is associated with benefits for mental health has not yet become evident. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the real working hours of PTT and their mental health as well as individual pension prognosis. Methods The cross-sectional study included 5,905 PTT at German upper secondary schools (female proportion: 81%, average age: 44 ± 9 years) who logged their working hours over four weeks. Four part-time groups (PTG) were formed based on the proportion of a full-time position worked: maximum (<100-90% = PTGmax - reference group - 17%), high (<90-75% = PTGhigh - 34%), medium (<75-50% = PTGmed - 40%) and low (<50% = PTGlow - 9%) teaching commitment. These groups were compared in terms of their average weekly working hours, mental health (inability to recover, risk of burnout) and predicted retirement age. Results The contractually agreed working time is exceeded to a relevant extent for PTT. The extent of unpaid overtime increases significantly the lower the teaching obligation is and lies on average between -0.4 (PTGmax) and 7.3 (PTGlow) hours/week. A reduction in teaching hours is neither related to the mental health of teachers nor to their decision to retire early (42%) or regularly (58%). However, predicted retirement is mainly explained by mental health status, gender and age (variance explanation: 24%, OR of predictors: maximum 2.1). One third of PTT reported inability to recover, 47% burnout symptoms and 3% a burnout syndrome. Conclusion Mental health is also a risk for PTT; reducing teaching hours alone does not improve it. However, good mental health increases the chance of regular retirement. Therefore, instead of a legal obligation, PTT should be encouraged to increase the number of teaching hours voluntarily in order to counteract the general shortage of teachers.
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Lev A, Levental O, Tamir I. From legends to legacy: the impact of fan influence on retiring athletes in premier league basketball. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1295487. [PMID: 38023012 PMCID: PMC10663355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1295487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This research examines the perceived age of Premier League basketball players as they near retirement, focusing on the complex interplay between players, fans, and the media in shaping perceptions of age and retirement. The study highlights the unique pressure on the basketball players to retire due to age-related expectations, rooted in the perception that athleticism is age dependent. Methods The research methodology applied in this study involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a sample of 11 professional Israeli basketball players and two veteran players' agents. Results Three themes emerged: (1) Feelings of betrayal and ingratitude; (2) A farewell tour toward disengagement from one's professional career; and (3) The media's role in shaping beliefs and attitudes. These themes illustrate how the sports environment portrays aging players, shaping fan opinions, both positively and negatively. Significantly, the findings emphasize the challenges that players must confront within an ageist environment. Discussion The study concludes by highlighting the cultural and social construction at work. The "coercion" to retire from professional sports is more pronounced here due to the common belief that sports success is time-bound and age-dependent, necessitating a "young body". In this reality, the audience does not merely function as a backdrop for athletes' performances, but has the power, at the collective and the individual level, to affect change on and off the court.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Lev
- Department of Sports Therapy, Faculty of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Orr Levental
- Department of Physical Education, Tel Hai College, Tel Hai, Israel
| | - Ilan Tamir
- Moskowitz School of Communication, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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28
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Gorry D, Slavov SN. The effect of retirement on health behaviors. Health Econ 2023; 32:2234-2259. [PMID: 37340536 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect of retirement on health behaviors using three nationally representative U.S. datasets. Findings show a decrease in drinking at the intensive margin, particularly for males. Individuals change their composition of exercise behaviors upon retirement, with varying effects of retirement depending on exercise intensity and gender. Dining patterns also change, with changes in eating out among men and more time spent on food preparation. Finally, although retirement increases time spent watching TV and movies as well as time spent sleeping, it reduces overall sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Gorry
- John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sita Nataraj Slavov
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- NBER, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Qin Y, Yao X, Ma Q, Salvador JT, Pang L. Needs and influence factors of medical-nursing-pension of disabled elderly. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35189. [PMID: 37746994 PMCID: PMC10519533 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of disabled elderly persons increases, and the need for medical-nursing-pension services among disabled senior persons increases. The purpose of this study is to determine the needs and affecting factors of disabled elderly living in community homes in Nanning, Guangxi, China. The study utilized the descriptive comparative cross-sectional study. Stratified random sampling was utilized, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 168 disabled elderly were randomly selected and investigated using a self-designed questionnaire which included basic nursing services domain, professional nursing services domain, rehabilitative nursing services domain, living nursing services domain, and spiritual nursing services domain. The t test, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the influencing factors of medical-nursing-pension demands for community-dwelling disabled elderly. Majority of impaired seniors have a moderate to high-level of demand for medical-nursing-pension services. Age (t = 2.369, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.673-7.414), educational level (t = -16.946, 95% CI: -31.247 to -24.726), monthly income (t = -16.273, 95% CI: -22.104 to -17.320), economic source (t = 8.891, 95% CI: 16.850-26.470), time spent disabled (t = -11.151, 95% CI: -31.845 to -22.264), living with children (t = 10.852, 95% CI: 24.491-35.521), and medical insurance participation (t = 4.556, 95% CI: 9.032-22.848) all influence the demand for medical-nursing-pension services for disabled seniors in the community ( P = .05). Majority of community-dwelling impaired seniors have a moderate to high demand for medical-nursing-pension services. Relevant departments and community nurses should pay increased attention to the elderly who are older, have a low educational level, a low monthly income, have an economic source of pension from their own, have been disabled for long period of time, are single, and do not have children, to improve the health care system for disabled elderly by implementing more personalized home visits in medical-nursing-pension on health education about oxygen inhalation and wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Yao
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuping Ma
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jordan Tovera Salvador
- Department of Nursing Education, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingling Pang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Pereira MC, Rosa M, Santos MH. The Gender of Retirement in a Double-Ageing Country: Perspectives and Experiences of Retired Women and Men in Portugal. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:774. [PMID: 37754052 PMCID: PMC10525133 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of women and men at the stage in their lives following professional retirement, enriching the present and future of a continuously ageing Portuguese society. In order to better capture the diversity and complexity of each individual's experiences, a qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured individual interviews were carried out with sixteen retired people, eight women and eight men, aged between 59 and 88 years old. A thematic analysis allowed us to identify five themes in the interviewees' discourses. We concluded that gender may be a source of heterogeneity at this stage of life, suggesting that these findings should be analysed in the scope of a life course perspective, and highlighting the impact that the different trajectories of women and men have, as well as the historical and social context in which they take place.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Rosa
- Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (M.H.S.)
- Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, 1649 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Santos
- Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (M.H.S.)
- Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, 1649 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lee Z, Aguila E, Wong R. Determinants of retirement of formal and informal sector workers in Mexico: the role of health and economic security. Salud Publica Mex 2023; 65:434-445. [PMID: 38060910 PMCID: PMC10751961 DOI: 10.21149/15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the socioeconomic and health drivers of retirement decisions and compare these determinants between formal and informal sector workers in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2012 and 2015, we estimate conditional probit models of retirement using sociodemographic, health, health care utilization, health insurance, private pensions, and social security systems covariates. The Institutional Review Board at the University of Southern California reviewed and approved the research (IRB # UP-15-00023). RESULTS We find that the social security systems are an important determinant for retirement age for formal sector workers. The informal sector workers, who lack access to retirement benefits of the social security system, make retirement decisions mainly based on health and access to health insurance through social security. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of access to social security benefits, informal sector workers do not respond strongly to socioeconomic factors in determining the timing of retirement. Strengthening access to better health care services could improve health, extend working lives, and promote healthy aging for workers in the informal sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeewan Lee
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. Singapore, Singapore..
| | - Emma Aguila
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California. Los Angeles, United States..
| | - Rebeca Wong
- School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, Texas, United States..
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Brotherton M, Stancliffe RJ, O'Loughlin K, Wilson NJ. From mainstream employment to mainstream retirement: A randomised controlled trial of a transition to retirement intervention for adults with intellectual disability. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2023; 36:1013-1024. [PMID: 37106266 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated a transition to retirement intervention that adapted strategies used to support employment of people with intellectual disability in mainstream workplaces. The intervention facilitated their independent participation in mainstream community groups and volunteering. METHODS We randomised 29 older Australians who currently/previously worked in mainstream employment into an intervention group or wait-list control group. Hours of independent participation in target activities were collected before and after the 13-week initial intervention/waiting period, and at 52 weeks for intervention participants. RESULTS Six of the 12 intervention participants selected an activity and increased hours of independent participation following 13 weeks in the Keeping Active (KA) program and eight were independently accessing their selected activity at 52-week follow-up. None of the 19 wait-list participants increased their independent participation after 13 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The intervention was effective and highlighted the need to account for factors such as participant choice in evaluation of individualised programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate O'Loughlin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathan J Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Andel R, Veal BM, Howard VJ, MacDonald LA, Judd SE, Crowe M. Retirement and cognitive aging in a racially diverse sample of older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:2769-2778. [PMID: 37465869 PMCID: PMC10526697 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement represents a crucial transitional period for many adults with possible consequences for cognitive aging. We examined trajectories of cognitive change before and after retirement in Black and White adults. METHODS Longitudinal examination of up to 10 years (mean = 7.1 ± 2.2 years) using data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study-a national, longitudinal study of Black and White adults ≥45 years of age. Data were from 2226 members of the REGARDS study who retired around the time when an occupational ancillary survey was administered. Cognitive function was an average of z-scores for tests of verbal fluency, memory, and global function. RESULTS Cognitive functioning was stable before retirement (Estimate = 0.05, p = 0.322), followed by a significant decline after retirement (Estimate = -0.15, p < 0.001). The decline was particularly pronounced in White (Estimate = -0.19, p < 0.001) compared with Black (Estimate = -0.07, p = 0.077) participants, twice as large in men (Estimate = -0.20, p < 0.001) compared with women (Estimate = -0.11, p < 0.001), highest among White men (Estimate = -0.22, p < 0.001) and lowest in Black women (Estimate = -0.04, p = 0.457). Greater post-retirement cognitive decline was also observed among participants who attended college (Estimate = -0.14, p = 0.016). While greater work complexity (Estimate = 0.92, p < 0.05) and higher income (Estimate = 1.03, p < 0.05) were related to better cognitive function at retirement, neither was significantly related to cognitive change after retirement. CONCLUSION Cognitive functioning may decline at an accelerated rate immediately post-retirement, more so in White adults and men than Black adults and women. Lifelong structural inequalities including occupational segregation and other social determinants of cognitive health may obscure the role of retirement in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Andel
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Britney M. Veal
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Virginia J. Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Leslie A. MacDonald
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Judd
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael Crowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, United States
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Ferguson G, 't Hart B, Shabnam S. Satisfied versus dissatisfied: Experiences of retirement village living. Australas J Ageing 2023; 42:455-462. [PMID: 36495112 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand and distinguish between satisfied and dissatisfied older people, through a comparison of their lived experience within a retirement village. METHODS An exploratory qualitative research design was utilized to identify and describe consumer experiences of lifestyle living and how that experience translates to positive or negative satisfaction. The net promoter score (NPS) was employed to identify highly satisfied (Promoters) and highly dissatisfied (Detractors) people. RESULTS Sixty-two interviews in retirement lifestyle villages were analysed, including satisfied (n = 33) and dissatisfied (n = 29) consumers of the service. Results reveal that satisfied people: (1) feel grateful for a service that exceeds their purchase expectations; (2) feel connected to others inside or (3) outside the lifestyle village; (4) feel 'heard' by the service provider; and (5) feel that they have retained their independence. Dissatisfied people describe: (1) broken promises, specifically those made at the time of purchase; (2) not feeling 'connected' to others inside the village; (3) feeling unheard or ignored by the service provider; and (4) the service not meeting their needs. CONCLUSIONS Revealing these detailed insights clarified the nuanced, hazy and often ambiguous differences between dissatisfied and satisfied people. It also provided insights into the high priority needs, expectations and choices of people as they transition into and through older age. The research should help industry, government and society in general to provide products and services that fit into this lived experience and better meet the changing needs of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ferguson
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Brian 't Hart
- School of Business, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Saadia Shabnam
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Blum JL. On grief, ghosts, and gallantry. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 36:770-771. [PMID: 37829243 PMCID: PMC10566440 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2251106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Blum
- Baylor Scott & White Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas
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Eglseer D, Traxler M, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJM, Voortman T, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Reiter L, Bauer S. Nutritional and exercise interventions in individuals with sarcopenic obesity around retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1077-1090. [PMID: 36882046 PMCID: PMC10413430 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Retirement is an opportune time for people to establish new healthy routines. Exercise and nutritional interventions are promising in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed. to assess the effectiveness of nutritional and exercise interventions for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity in persons of retirement age. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases were searched in September 2021 for randomized controlled trials; a manual search was also conducted. The search yielded 261 studies, of which 11 were eligible for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION Studies of community-dwelling individuals with sarcopenic obesity receiving any nutritional or exercise intervention ≥ 8 weeks with the mean age ± standard deviation between 50 and 70 years were included. Primary endpoint was body composition, and secondary endpoints were body mass index, muscle strength, and physical function. The literature review, study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Data were pooled for meta-analysis when possible. RESULTS Meta-analysis was only possible for the exposure "resistance training" and the exposure "training (resistance or aerobic)" in combination with the exposure "added protein" as compared with "no intervention" or "training alone." Resistance training led to a significant body fat reduction of -1.53% (95%CI, -2.91 to -0.15), an increase in muscle mass of 2.72% (95%CI, 1.23-4.22), an increase in muscle strength of 4.42 kg (95%CI, 2.44-6.04), and a slight improvement in gait speed of 0.17 m/s (95%CI, 0.01-0.34). Protein combined with an exercise intervention significantly reduces fat mass (-0.80 kg; 95%CI, -1.32 to -0.28). Some individual studies of dietary or food supplement interventions for which data could not be pooled showed positive effects on body composition. CONCLUSION Resistance training is an effective treatment for persons of retirement age with sarcopenic obesity. Increased protein intake combined with exercise may increase reductions in fat mass. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021276461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Eglseer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
| | - Mariella Traxler
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- are with the Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban
Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- are with the Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban
Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- is with the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University &
Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, Centre for
Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Clermont
Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Lea Reiter
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz,
Graz, Austria
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Edianto A, Trencher G, Manych N, Matsubae K. Forecasting coal power plant retirement ages and lock-in with random forest regression. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4:100776. [PMID: 37521043 PMCID: PMC10382988 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Averting dangerous climate change requires expediting the retirement of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). Given multiple barriers hampering this, here we forecast the future retirement ages of the world's CFPPs. We use supervised machine learning to first learn from the past, determining the factors that influenced historical retirements. We then apply our model to a dataset of 6,541 operating or under-construction units in 66 countries. Based on results, we also forecast associated carbon emissions and the degree to which countries are locked in to coal power. Contrasting with the historical average of roughly 40 years over 2010-2021, our model forecasts earlier retirement for 63% of current CFPP units. This results in 38% less emissions than if assuming historical retirement trends. However, the lock-in index forecasts considerable difficulties to retire CFPPs early in countries with high dependence on coal power, a large capacity or number of units, and young plant ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmed Edianto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Gregory Trencher
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Niccolò Manych
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
- Department Economics of Climate Change, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazuyo Matsubae
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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Henning G, Baumann I, Huxhold O. Historical and cross-country differences in life satisfaction across retirement in Germany and Switzerland from 2000-2019. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023:7192604. [PMID: 37293925 PMCID: PMC10394993 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent trends, such as changes in pension systems or cohort differences in individual resources, have altered the face of retirement transitions. Little is known about how these trends have affected older people's life satisfaction around retirement age in the past decades. In this study, we investigated how levels and changes in life satisfaction before and after retirement changed over historical time in Germany and Switzerland. METHODS We used longitudinal data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (SOEP) and the Swiss Household Panel (SHP) from 2000 to 2019. Level, pre-retirement change and short- and long-term change in life satisfaction (0-10) after retirement were predicted by year of retirement (2001-2019) in a multigroup piecewise growth curve model. RESULTS We found improvements in levels of life satisfaction and pre-retirement changes in life satisfaction with historical time in both countries. Furthermore, we found that in unlike in Switzerland, short-time changes in life satisfaction across retirement improved over historical time in Germany. DISCUSSION Our findings imply that life satisfaction trajectories around retirement age have improved over the last 20 years. These findings may be explained by general improvements in the health and psychosocial functioning of older people. More research is needed to show for whom these improvements are stronger or weaker and if they will be maintained in a changing retirement landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Baumann
- Institute of Public Health, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV) and National Centre of Competence in Research "Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives" (NCCR LIVES), University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Ebeid M, Oguzoglu U. Short-term effect of retirement on health: Evidence from nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design. Health Econ 2023; 32:1323-1343. [PMID: 36862580 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We estimate the short-term effect of retirement on health in the US using the Health and Retirement Study survey. We use the nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design to avoid assuming any functional form on the age-health profile and minimize potential bias in identifying the causal effect of retirement on health status in the short term. Estimates indicate an 8% decline in the cognitive functioning score of retirees and a 28% increase in the CESD depression scale. The likelihood of being in good health status declined by 16%. The transition from working to retirement has more significant negative impacts on males than females. In addition, retirement has more considerable adverse effects on less-educated individuals compared to high-educated individuals. The short-term effects of retirement on health are consistent and robust across different bandwidths, weighting kernel functions, and age-profile specifications. Moreover, the Treatment Effect Derivative test results highly support the external validity of the nonparametric estimates of the retirement effect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ebeid
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Umut Oguzoglu
- Department of Economics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Coelho A, Lopes M, Barata M, Sousa S, Goes M, Bia F, Dias A, João A, Lusquinhos L, Oliveira H, Gaspar T. Biopsychosocial Factors That Influence the Purpose in Life among Working Adults and Retirees. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20085456. [PMID: 37107738 PMCID: PMC10138867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and characterize biopsychosocial factors that impact the purpose in life (PIL) among adults that are working or already retired. This cross-sectional study includes a sample of 1330 participants, of whom 62.2% were female, with ages ranging from 55 and 84 years, with a mean of 61.93 years and a standard deviation of 7.65. Results suggest that the education level, stress, spirituality (religion) and optimism, social support from friends, and quality of life related to physical health seem to contribute positively to the PIL for both groups. However, some variables such as age, marital status and environmental quality of life help explain the PIL of retired people and the quality of life related to social support helps explain the PIL of working adults. Overall, the reported findings suggest that the purpose in life is strongly related to physical, psychological, social and environmental health factors. It is highlighted that working adults and retired people have their purpose in life related to similar factors and others specific to each life stage, suggesting the need for crucial interventions to promote a healthier and more positive aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Coelho
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Lopes
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marta Barata
- Aventura Social Associação, Universidade Lusófona/SPIC, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Sousa
- Aventura Social Associação, Universidade Lusófona/SPIC, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Goes
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Florbela Bia
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Heath Reseach (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Dias
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana João
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Leonel Lusquinhos
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Henrique Oliveira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT-Lisboa), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 1049-001 Beja, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gaspar
- Hei-Lab, ISAMB, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Eglseer D, Traxler M, Embacher S, Reiter L, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJ, Voortman T, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft A, Bauer S. Nutrition and exercise interventions to improve body composition for persons with overweight or obesity near retirement age: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:516-538. [PMID: 37028708 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retirement phase is an opportunity to integrate healthy (nutrition/exercise) habits into daily life. We conducted this systematic review to assess which nutrition and exercise interventions most effectively improve body composition (fat/muscle mass), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in persons with obesity/overweight near retirement age (ages 55-70). We conducted a systematic review and network-meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials, searching four databases from their inception up to 12 July 2022. The NMA was based on a random effects model, pooled mean differences, standardised mean differences, their 95% confidence intervals, and correlations with multi-arm studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. 92 studies were included, 66 of which with 4957 participants could be used for the NMA. Identified interventions were clustered into 12 groups: no intervention, energy restriction (i.e. 500-1000 kcal), energy restriction plus high protein (HP) intake (1.1-1.7 g/kg/body weight), intermittent fasting, mixed exercise (aerobic and resistance), resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), HP plus RT, energy restriction plus HP plus exercise, energy restriction plus RT, energy restriction plus AT, and energy restriction plus mixed exercise (ME). Intervention durations ranged from 8 weeks to 6 months. Body fat was reduced with energy restriction plus any exercise or plus HP intake. Energy restriction alone was less effective and tended to decrease muscle mass. Muscle mass was only significantly increased with ME. All other interventions including exercise effectively preserved muscle mass. A BMI and/or WC decrease was achieved with all interventions except AT/RT alone or RT plus HP. Overall, the most effective strategy for nearly all outcomes was combining energy restriction with RT or ME and HP. Healthcare professionals involved in the management of persons with obesity need to be aware that an energy-restricted diet alone may contribute to sarcopenic obesity in persons near retirement age. This network meta-analysis is registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/as CRD42021276465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Eglseer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mariella Traxler
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Embacher
- Medical University of Graz, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz.
| | - Lea Reiter
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Jm Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerhuis, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 176700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Spain, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, 28034 Madrid.
| | - Silvia Bauer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Nursing Science, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Knapp D, Lee J. Introduction to special issue on institutional influences on retirement, health and well-being. J Pension Econ Financ 2023; 22:161-166. [PMID: 38435482 PMCID: PMC10907111 DOI: 10.1017/s1474747221000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Countries make differing policy choices. They can serve as a scientific laboratory for drawing lessons on the policy paths to follow or to avoid and the consequences of those institutional choices on individuals at older ages. In this special issue we bring together six articles that evaluate the influence of institutions on retirement decisions, health and well-being of older adults using common data that have emerged with the international network of health and retirement studies to study key life outcomes such as health, work, and lifecycle transitions at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Knapp
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
This paper documents the patterns and correlates of retirement in China using a nationally representative survey, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. After documenting stark differences in retirement ages between urban and rural residents, the paper shows that China's urban residents retire earlier than workers in many Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and that rural residents continue to work until advanced ages. Differences in access to generous pensions and economic resources explain much of the urban-rural difference in retirement rates. The paper suggests that reducing disincentives created by China's Urban Employee Pension system, improving health status, providing childcare and elder care support may all facilitate longer working lives. Given spouse preferences for joint retirement, creating incentives for women to retire later may facilitate longer working lives for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Giles
- World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Lei
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yaohui Zhao
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
- Peking University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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Ogunsemi JO, Akinnawo EO, Akinbobola OI, Olajire OO, Olusa AO, Okunola JL. Predictive influence of personality traits on retirement anxiety among universities staff in Osun State, Nigeria. J Educ Health Promot 2023; 12:96. [PMID: 37288402 PMCID: PMC10243454 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1034_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement anxiety may occur in retirement-eligible staff, and their reaction may depend on their personality traits. This study examined the predictive influence of five-factor personality traits on retirement anxiety among non-academic staff in some selected universities in Osun State, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilized a multistage sampling technique. Two self-administered instruments, Redeemer's University Retirement Anxiety Scale and Mini-International Personality Item Pool were completed by 463 non-academic staff in five selected universities in Osun State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (hierarchical regression, two-sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze data. RESULTS The study found a high prevalence rate of retirement anxiety (85.1%) among university staff in Nigeria. In all, 13%, 16%, and 12.5% of the participants showed high levels of retirement anxiety dimensions (personal obligation, financial planning, and social detachment), respectively. Sociodemographic and personality traits jointly accounted for statistically significant (16%, 29%, and 22%) changes in personal obligation (R2 =0.16, P <.01), financial planning (R2 =0.29, P <.01), and social detachment (R2 =.22, P <.01), respectively. Personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and socio-demographic variables (age, educational level, job tenure, and job status) jointly contributed to the prediction of retirement anxiety dimensions (obligation concerns, financial planning, and social detachment). CONCLUSION The findings highlighted the need for psychosocial interventions targeting the at-risk population was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O. Ogunsemi
- Department of Behavioural Studies, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Akinnawo
- Department of Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olutola O. Olajire
- Department of Behavioural Studies, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi O. Olusa
- Department of Behavioural Studies, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - John L. Okunola
- Department of Behavioural Studies, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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Mathews G. Beyond 'Productive Aging': An Argument for 'Happy Aging'. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2023:10.1007/s10823-023-09475-5. [PMID: 36877386 PMCID: PMC9986657 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-023-09475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper critically considers the concept of 'productive aging,' maintaining that although the term emerged as an effort to aid older people, it may be normative and potentially coercive. The paper illustrates this premise through an examination of Japan, through analysis of interviews conducted over decades, and, more fully, an analysis of advice books for Japanese seniors over the past twenty years. These advice books show how seniors in Japan are now increasingly urged to find contentment in old age as they themselves see fit, without concern over 'contributing to society.' In crucial respects, Japan has been moving from 'productive aging' to 'happy aging' as a guide for how to age. The paper then considers the judgment inherent in the term 'productive aging'-are some forms of aging better than other forms of aging?-by examining competing conceptions of happiness, advocating on the basis of this examination that the term 'productive aging' be replaced by 'happy aging.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Mathews
- Department of Anthropology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Improved job quality will make longer working lives in the aged care sector more sustainable. We interviewed 20 older aged care workers to identify which job characteristics are significant for health and to identify policy remedies. Workers take pleasure and pride in responding autonomously to a care recipient's situation, developing understanding, maintaining morale and performing intimate bodily care with dignity. However, a shortage of staff time requires workers to take a task-oriented approach. This causes worker stress and diminishes their desire and capacity to delay retirement. In the Australian context, regulating minimum staffing is the most suitable policy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hart
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Research and Policy Centre, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Dina Bowman
- Research and Policy Centre, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Shelley Mallett
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Research and Policy Centre, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Fitzroy, Australia
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Karjala A, Pietiläinen O, Salonsalmi A, Lahti J, Lallukka T, Rahkonen O. Changes in occupational class differences in leisure-time physical activity and the contribution of retirement. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:283-291. [PMID: 36326782 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Occupational class differences in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are well recognized. Less is known about how these differences develop as individuals age, and how retirement is associated with this change. We investigated how occupational class differences in LTPA change in a cohort over a 15-17 years follow-up. We further examined, how the transition into mandatory or disability retirement contributed to the change in LTPA levels and occupational class differences. We used the data from the Helsinki Health Study surveying the aging City of Helsinki employees. In all, 8773 individuals were included in the analyses. We evaluated LTPA levels using weekly metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours and used generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMM) to estimate the development of LTPA levels. Commuting was included in the LTPA measure. Occupational class differences in LTPA emerged and widened during the follow-up. The physical activity levels decreased in the lower occupational class and slightly increased in the higher occupational class, resulting in a difference of 4.3 MET-hours at the end of follow-up, accounting for 50 min of brisk walking per week. The occupational class differences emerged during transition into mandatory retirement and persisted after this. Transition into disability retirement temporarily widened the occupational class differences in LTPA levels, but the differences diminished during the follow-up. Research on interventions to counteract the declining LTPA is needed to discover ways to prevent the widening of occupational health disparities during aging. The transition into old-age retirement could be an optimal period for focusing these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Karjala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salonsalmi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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48
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Fullen MC, Smith JL, Clarke PB, Westcott JB, McCoy R, Tomlin CC. Holistic Wellness Coaching for Older Adults: Preliminary Evidence for a Novel Wellness Intervention in Senior Living Communities. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:427-437. [PMID: 36307916 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221135582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although resident wellness is increasingly a priority in senior living communities, there are few programs that promote holistic wellness in later life. A total of 79 residents (ages 71 to 97; M = 84.27, SD = 6.46) from eight senior living communities completed a pilot study of a novel, staff-led wellness coaching program consisting of resident-driven goals and individual and group coaching sessions. Participants completed surveys at three time points (pre-program, post-program, and 1-month follow-up). Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed positive changes in resident health satisfaction, physical quality of life (QOL), psychological QOL, loneliness, relatedness, competence, and sense of purpose. Some of these results (i.e., psychological QOL, loneliness) persisted at follow-up. Residents reported high satisfaction with the program. These findings have implications for the application of holistic wellness frameworks in later life, as well as the development and implementation of wellness coaching programs with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip B Clarke
- Department of Counseling, 8676Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Regina McCoy
- 14616University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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49
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Hill PL, Best RD, Pfund GN, Cardador MT, Strecher VJ. Older Adults Place Greater Importance Than Younger Adults on a Purposeful Retirement. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 96:160-173. [PMID: 35673268 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Regarding retirement, some but not all people decline in sense of purpose, and retirees may view maintaining a sense of purpose as nonessential. These findings suggest individual differences both in the importance placed on being purposeful during retirement in general and the discrepancy for purpose importance prior to and during retirement. Method: This study surveyed U.S. adults (n = 2009, Mage = 48.51) asking them about how they viewed having a purpose in two life stages: before and during retirement, as well as personality and demographic questions. Results: Findings suggest that, overall, people believe it is important to have a purpose and direction during retirement. This tendency was greater among older adults, and those higher on conscientiousness or lower on neuroticism. However, working status did not play a role in the perceived importance of purpose during the retirement period. Moreover, age differentiated who perceives during-retirement purpose as more important than prior-to-retirement purpose. Conclusion: The current findings add to our understanding of when individuals expect to be purposeful and counter the claims that older adults may place less importance on being purposeful. Instead, these findings point to the need for continuing work on how to help older adults maintain or find a purpose in life following retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 7548Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel D Best
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, 2007Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 7548Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Teresa Cardador
- School of Labor and Employment Relations, 14589University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Victor J Strecher
- School of Public Health, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Kumanu Inc., Ann arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Santini S, Fabbietti P, Galassi F, Merizzi A, Kropf J, Hungerländer N, Stara V. The Impact of Digital Coaching Intervention for Improving Healthy Ageing Dimensions among Older Adults during Their Transition from Work to Retirement. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4034. [PMID: 36901045 PMCID: PMC10001821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Retirement is a critical step in older adults' lives, so it is important to motivate them to stay physically active, mentally healthy, and socially connected in the transition from work to retirement, including through digital health coaching programs. This study aims to: evaluate the impact of a digital coaching intervention to enhance three healthy ageing dimensions, i.e., physical activity, mental well-being, and socialization of a group of adults near retirement; understand the users' experience; and identify the system strengths and weaknesses. This longitudinal mixed-methods study, carried out in 2021 in Italy and the Netherlands, enrolled 62 individuals. In the first 5 weeks of the trial, participants used a digital coach with the support of human coaches, and then they continued autonomously for another 5 weeks. The use of the digital coach improved the participants' physical activity, mental well-being and self-efficacy during the first period and only the physical activity in the second. An effective coaching system should be flexible and attractive. High levels of personalization remain the golden key to aligning the health program to the physical, cognitive and social status of the intended target, thus increasing the user-system interaction, usability, and acceptability, as well as enhancing adherence to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santini
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavia Galassi
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Merizzi
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Vera Stara
- Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, 60124 Ancona, Italy
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