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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate parental experiences and perceptions of sleep problems in their children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the perceived impacts of sleep problems and coping strategies deployed by parents. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with twenty-six parents of pre-adolescent children with a diagnosis of ADHD, followed by thematic analysis of the interview transcripts. RESULTS Three themes were generated from the data: Children's Sleep Difficulties; Impacts of Children's Sleep; and Improving Children's Sleep. Sleep initiation problems in children with ADHD were commonly reported by parents, were perceived to be linked in a bidirectional manner with executive and emotional problems, and were reported as being disruptive to parental sleep. Some parents reported that their children's sleep problems were the initial prompt that lead to a diagnosis of ADHD. Parents reported utilizing a range of coping strategies to mitigate sleep problems, such as controlling the bedroom sensory environment and using emotional "wind down" as part of the bedtime routine. Some parents endorsed a beneficial effect of melatonin on their children's sleep. CONCLUSIONS Sleep problems in children with ADHD were perceived as important issues by parents. Equipping parents with evidence-based strategies for the management of their children's sleep may lead to benefits for the children, parents and wider household.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane McGrath
- ADMIRE Service, Linn Dara CAMHS, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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2
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Wyse CA, Rudderham LM, Nordon EA, Ince LM, Coogan AN, Lopez LM. Circadian Variation in the Response to Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal. J Biol Rhythms 2024:7487304241232447. [PMID: 38459699 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241232447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular timing mechanisms known as circadian clocks drive endogenous 24-h rhythmicity in most physiological functions, including innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, the response to immune challenge such as vaccination might depend on the time of day of exposure. This study assessed whether the time of day of vaccination (TODV) is associated with the subsequent immune and clinical response by conducting a systematic review of previous studies. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google, Medline, and Embase were searched for studies that reported TODV and immune and clinical outcomes, yielding 3114 studies, 23 of which met the inclusion criteria. The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination program facilitated investigation of TODV and almost half of the studies included reported data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was considerable heterogeneity in the demography of participants and type of vaccine, and most studies were biased by failure to account for immune status prior to vaccination, self-selection of vaccination time, or confounding factors such as sleep, chronotype, and shiftwork. The optimum TODV was concluded to be afternoon (5 studies), morning (5 studies), morning and afternoon (1 study), midday (1 study), and morning or late afternoon (1 study), with the remaining 10 studies reporting no effect. Further research is required to understand the relationship between TODV and subsequent immune outcome and whether any clinical benefit outweighs the potential effect of this intervention on vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Wyse
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Laura M Rudderham
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Enya A Nordon
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Louise M Ince
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Lorna M Lopez
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research and Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Keenan L, Bramham J, Dinca M, Coogan AN, Downes M. Sleep and daytime functioning in children with tourette syndrome: A two-week case-control study with actigraphy and cognitive assessments. Sleep Med 2024; 113:313-327. [PMID: 38101103 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the high prevalence of sleep issues in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), a condition characterised by motor and vocal tics. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) has been the primary mode of sleep assessment in the TS literature, despite the extensive use of actigraphy in other neurodevelopmental populations. As a result, there are existing research gaps surrounding day-to-day variability of sleep in TS and links to daytime functioning. This study adopts a naturalistic, intensive longitudinal design to examine sleep in children with TS while considering potential links to tic severity and daytime functioning. Participants were 34 children aged between 8 and 12 years (12 with TS, 22 neurotypical controls). Wrist actigraphs tracked sleep-wake cycles across two weeks and a battery of scales and cognitive assessments measured sleep disturbances and daytime functioning. Mixed models using N = 476 nights of actigraphy data found that relative to controls, children with TS had significantly increased time in bed, increased sleep onset latency, reduced sleep efficiency, lower subjective sleep quality, but comparable actual sleep time. Higher self-report tic severity at bedtime did not predict increased sleep onset latency. In the sleep disturbance scale, 83.33 % of children with TS met the clinical cut-off for a sleep disorder. Parent-report emotional, behavioural, and executive difficulties were greater in the TS group relative to controls, but performance on cognitive tasks was comparable between groups. Together, findings highlight sleep disturbances as an important clinical factor to consider in the management of TS, though further research is required to substantiate findings in larger-scale studies. This study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing sleep via actigraphy in children with TS, supporting more widespread use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Keenan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Maria Dinca
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Raman S, Hyland P, Coogan AN. Stability of social jetlag and sleep timing into the second year of the Covid-19 pandemic: Results from a longitudinal study of a nationally representative adult sample in Ireland. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:29-37. [PMID: 38093635 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2292098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has previously been associated with marked changes in sleep/wake timing arising from the imposition of society-wide infection mitigation measures. Such observations are considered of broader significance as they reveal the social pressures that sleep timing normally operates under. In order to assess how persistent such changes were as the COVID-19 pandemic developed, we assessed sleep timing and quality in a longitudinal study of a nationally-representative sample of Irish adults with data collected at two time-points (December 2021 and March 2021). Data on social jetlag and chronotype was derived from the micro Munich Chronotype Questionnaire from 830 and 843 participants who provided data in December 2020 and March 2021 respectively, of which 338 contributed data to both timepoints. Demographics and measures of insomnia symptoms, anxiety, depression and loneliness were also collected, and data was analysed both within-subjects and cross-sectionally within data waves. Social jetlag (the mismatch between sleep timing on "work" and "free" days) and other measures of sleep timing were stable across the two time-points, although insomnia symptoms improved slightly from December 2020 to March 2021. The mean social jetlag at both timepoints was ~ 30 minutes, considerably lesser than reported pre-pandemic levels in similar populations. Multiple regression analysis of cross-sectional data reveals that the timing of midsleep on "free" days was only a weak-to-moderate predictor of social jetlag, whilst hours worked per week was the strongest predictor of social jetlag. Requirement for "face-to-face" contact with the public at work and urban location of residence also emerged as predictors of social jetlag, although insomnia, anxiety and depression symptoms and loneliness rating did not. We conclude that sleep timing changes that occurred during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic persisted into the second year of the pandemic, and these results further illustrate the key roles working practices and other social factors have in shaping social jetlag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Raman
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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Kelly RM, McDermott JH, Coogan AN. Thematic Daily Sleep Routine Analysis of Adults Not in Employment Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clocks Sleep 2023; 6:11-23. [PMID: 38247882 PMCID: PMC10801551 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Day-to-day variations in sleep timing have been associated with poorer glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the factors that influence this sleep timing variability are poorly understood. METHODS Daily routines of sleep in a sample of seventeen adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were either retired or not currently working were examined qualitatively through the application of semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis of the resulting transcripts. RESULTS Four themes were identified: "Consistent Sleeping Patterns", "Fluctuating Sleep Timing", "Night-Time Disruptions" and "Lasting Effort Needed with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus". The subthemes reflected that many participants had consistent sleep schedules across the seven-day week, but that a desire to maintain a sense of normality, household routines, television schedules and socializing were associated with different sleep timing on weekends. Active disease monitoring and timed medication taking were not identified as important factors in shaping sleep timing. Nocturia, stress and rumination were identified as important factors linked to disrupted sleep. Sleep was not reported as an issue discussed during routine clinical care. CONCLUSION Sleep timing in participants appears to be driven by interacting psychosocial and physiological factors, although active disease management does not emerge as a major influence on sleep schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland;
| | - John H. McDermott
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland;
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6
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Bond L, McTiernan D, Connaughton M, Heron EA, Coogan AN, McGrath J. Sleep problems in children and adolescents in an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder service. Ir J Psychol Med 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37650149 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep problems are common amongst children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep problems in children and adolescents attending a specialist ADHD service. METHODS This was a cross-sectional online survey combined with a retrospective chart review, conducted in the ADHD Assessment, Diagnosis, Management, initiation, Research and Education (ADMiRE) service, the first public specialist ADHD service for young people in Ireland. Participants were caregivers of children and adolescents with ADHD attending ADMiRE. Sleep was assessed using The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and ADHD symptoms were assessed using an abbreviated version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parent Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). Details regarding patient demographics, co-morbidities and medication were collected from patient records. RESULTS Eighty-four percent of young people scored above the clinical cut-off for a sleep disorder. The most frequently reported sleep problems were related to sleep onset and sleep duration, and 64% of respondents met the criteria for two or more sleep problems. ADHD severity was associated with greater sleep problems. Co-morbid physical, neurodevelopmental, and mental health disorders as well as stimulant use were not associated with greater sleep problems. CONCLUSION Sleep problems are very common amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This study has demonstrated an association between more sleep problems and ADHD severity. These findings highlight the need for both effective ADHD treatment to ensure optional sleep in young people as well as effective interventions for sleep problems to prevent worsening of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bond
- Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D McTiernan
- Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - E A Heron
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - J McGrath
- Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Asadpoordezaki Z, Coogan AN, Henley BM. Chronobiology of Parkinson's disease: Past, present and future. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:178-200. [PMID: 36342744 PMCID: PMC10099399 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder predominately affecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons that results in a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep complaints are among the most common non-motor symptoms, even in the prodromal period. Sleep alterations in Parkinson's disease patients may be associated with dysregulation of circadian rhythms, intrinsic 24-h cycles that control essential physiological functions, or with side effects from levodopa medication and physical and mental health challenges. The impact of circadian dysregulation on sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease is not fully understood; as such, we review the systems, cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie circadian perturbations in Parkinson's disease. We also discuss the potential benefits of chronobiology-based personalized medicine in the management of Parkinson's disease both in terms of behavioural and pharmacological interventions. We propose that a fuller understanding of circadian clock function may shed important new light on the aetiology and symptomatology of the disease and may allow for improvements in the quality of life for the millions of people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Asadpoordezaki
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Beverley M Henley
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
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8
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Kelly RM, McDermott JH, Coogan AN. Differences in Sleep Offset Timing between Weekdays and Weekends in 79,161 Adult Participants in the UK Biobank. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:658-674. [PMID: 36547101 PMCID: PMC9776689 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in the timing of daily sleep is increasingly recognized as an important factor in sleep and general physical health. One potential driver of such daily variations in sleep timing is different work and social obligations during the "working week" and weekends. To investigate the nature of weekday/weekend differences in the timing of sleep offset, we examined actigraphy records of 79,161 adult participants in the UK Biobank who wore an actiwatch for 1 week. The time of sleep offset was found to be on average 36 min later on weekends than on weekdays, and when this difference was expressed as an absolute value (i.e., irrespective of sleep offset being either later or earlier on weekends), it was 63 min. Younger age, more socioeconomic disadvantage, currently being in employment, being a smoker, being male, being of non-white ethnicity and later chronotype were associated with greater differences in sleep offset between weekdays and weekend days. Greater differences in sleep offset timing were associated with age-independent small differences in cardiometabolic health indicators of BMI and diastolic blood pressure, but not HbA1c or systolic blood pressure. In a subset of participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, weekday/weekend sleep offset differences were associated weakly with BMI, systolic blood pressure and physical activity. Overall, this study demonstrates potentially substantive differences in sleep offset timings between weekdays and weekends in a large sample of UK adults, and that such differences may have public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - John H. McDermott
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 X021 Maynooth, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-17086624
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9
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Cleary-Gaffney M, Espey B, Coogan AN. Association of perceptions of artificial light-at-night, light-emitting device usage and environmental noise appraisal with psychological distress, sleep quality and chronotype: A cross sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11284. [PMID: 36387517 PMCID: PMC9647348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN) is increasing globally, and there are concerns around how ALAN may impact sleep, psychological and physical health. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature on how individuals perceive ALAN relative to their sleeping environment and habits, and how such perceptions correspond to objectively assessed night-time illuminance at the level of the residence. This cross-sectional study examined how such perceptions associate with sleep quality, sleep timing, psychological distress and cognitive failures. Further we examined the association between illuminance levels calculated as the biologically-relevant melatonin-suppression index (MSI) and the self-report of perception of ALAN. Five hundred and fifty two adult participants completed a survey addressing perception of ALAN in sleep environment along with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire. We report that perception of external ALAN in the sleeping environment was associated with poorer sleep quality, more cognitive failures and greater psychological distress, when controlling for age, sex, house location and MSI. No associations were found between the perception of external ALAN and MSI scores, and MSI scores were not associated with scores on any of the self-report measures. Internal lighting passing into the sleeping environment was associated with poorer sleep quality but not with psychological wellbeing. Habitual use of light-emitting devices was associated with poorer psychological wellbeing but not with sleep quality and sleep timing. Perception of environmental noise annoyance at night was associated with higher psychological distress and poorer quality sleep, and the perception of noise annoyance was associated with perception of ALAN. These results may suggest heightened attentional bias towards ALAN associated with poor sleep quality and higher levels of psychological distress, and highlight the need for more granular approaches in the study of ALAN and sleep and psychological health in terms of levels individual ALAN exposure, and an interpretation that seeks to integrate biological and psychological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Espey
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Raman S, Hyland P, Coogan AN. Temporal associations between insomnia and depression symptoms in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-lagged path modelling analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 312:114533. [PMID: 35381505 PMCID: PMC8964445 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognised that there is an intimate relationship between sleep and depression, with poor quality or short duration sleep associated with greater symptoms of depression. However, it is not clear from the current evidence base what the temporal relationship is between symptoms of insomnia and depression. Further, it is also unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact on such relationships. In this study we have examined the longitudinal relationships between symptoms of depression and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic at two points separated by one year (April/May 2020 and March/April 2021) in a sample of 1032 Irish adults using a cross-lagged paths model. We report that there is a bidirectional relationship across time between depression and insomnia symptoms (β = -0.115 between Insomnia symptoms and subsequent depression symptoms and β = -0.163 between depression symptoms and subsequent insomnia symptoms; scales scored in opposite directions), and that these relationships persist when COVID-19 anxiety, age and sex are introduced into the model. Our analyses suggest that during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic that insomnia symptoms predicted depression symptoms one year later, and conversely that depression symptoms predicted subsequent insomnia symptoms.
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11
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Coogan AN, Richardson S, Raman S. A Data-Informed Perspective on Public Preferences for Retaining or Abolishing Biannual Clock Changes. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:351-357. [PMID: 35596564 PMCID: PMC9326796 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221096390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scientific, public, and political discourse around the perennial changing of the clocks during the transitions into and out of daylight saving time (DST) is a touchstone issue for the translation of fundamental chronobiology into societal impacts. The Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, along with other sleep science bodies, has issued a position statement that advocates for the abolition of the biannual clock changes and the adoption of permanent standard time for the optimization of population circadian health. However, there is a paucity of data on preexisting public perceptions and preferences with regard to these issues. In this perspective, we examine 5 issues that we believe are pertinent for chronobiologists to consider to enable effective advocacy on these policies; in particular, we discuss public preference for permanent DST and steps that may need to be taken to understand this preference. We inform our discussion with reference to cross-sectional studies we undertook in Spring 2020 and Fall 2019, around the transition out of and into DST Ireland. We conclude that there appears to be a gap between existing public perceptions and preferences around the clock changes and chronobiological and sleep science-informed positions, and that the chronobiology community may benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration with colleagues with specific social sciences expertise to most effectively advocate for these research-informed positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Sudha Raman
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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12
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Fox R, Hyland P, Coogan AN, Cloitre M, Power JM. Posttraumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD and subtypes of loneliness among older adults. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:321-342. [PMID: 34287862 PMCID: PMC8770684 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research examining the relationship between loneliness and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is scarce, particularly among older adults. CPTSD includes the core symptoms of PTSD along with additional symptoms reflecting "disturbances in self-organisation" (DSO). This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between loneliness (emotional and social loneliness) and CPTSD symptoms (i.e., PTSD and DSO symptoms) in older adults. METHODS Structural equation modelling was used to examine these relationships in a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 60-70 years (n = 456). RESULTS Controlling for covariates, emotional loneliness was associated with PTSD (β = 0.31) and DSO (β = 0.57) symptoms whereas social loneliness was only associated with DSO symptoms (β = 0.25). The model explained 35.0% of the variance in PTSD symptoms and 71.3% in DSO symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings have important implications for treating and understanding PTSD/CPTSD and their correlates among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fox
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Marylène Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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13
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Kelly RM, Healy U, Sreenan S, McDermott J, Coogan AN. An exploratory study of associations between sleep timing variability and cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:569-578. [PMID: 35016570 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2005083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is increasingly recognised as an important risk factor for metabolic disease, and as an important influence on severity in established metabolic disease. Recent evidence suggests that sleep timing variability (the day-to-day fluctuations of sleep timing) may be an important factor in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the current study, we explore the associations between measures of sleep timing variability and cardiometabolic measures in a group of healthy middle-aged adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Healthy controls (N = 27) and adults with well-controlled uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 30) wore actiwatches for an average of 9 days for objective assessment of sleep timing parameters, and also underwent a detailed clinical assessment. We found greater self-reported social jetlag in the diabetes group, but no groupwise differences in measures of sleep timing variability. In the diabetes patients, HbA1c levels were inversely correlated with variability in the time of sleep onset and midsleep, and with sleep duration. HOMA-IR did not correlate with any sleep timing variability measure, nor were there associations between sleep timing variability and other metabolic biomarkers (cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and uric acid). Systolic blood pressure was inversely correlated with actigraphically defined social jetlag in both the control and diabetes groups. The results of this study indicate associations between sleep timing variability and HbA1c, but the direction of these relationships is at variance with some other recent reports. Our results indicate a need for future hypothesis-testing studies to further explore the impact of sleep timing variance on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Ultan Healy
- Academic Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Sreenan
- Academic Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John McDermott
- Academic Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
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14
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and adults with ADHD often report sleep disturbances that may form part of the etiology and/or symptomatology of ADHD. We review the evidence for sleep changes in children with ADHD. METHODS Systematic review with narrative synthesis assessing sleep and circadian function in children aged 5 to 13 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD. RESULTS 148 studies were included for review, incorporating data from 42,353 children. We found that sleep disturbances in ADHD are common and that they may worsen behavioral outcomes; moreover, sleep interventions may improve ADHD symptoms, and pharmacotherapy for ADHD may impact sleep. CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance may represent a clinically important feature of ADHD in children, which might be therapeutically targeted in a useful way. There are a number of important gaps in the literature. We set out a manifesto for future research in the area of sleep, circadian rhythms, and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Bondopadhyay
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
| | - Unai Diaz-Orueta
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
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15
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Arns M, Kooij JJS, Coogan AN. Review: Identification and Management of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders as a Transdiagnostic Feature in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1085-1095. [PMID: 33556454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbances are highly frequent features in a range of child and adolescent psychiatric conditions. However, it is commonly not clear if such sleep problems represent symptomatic features of, comorbidities of, or risk factors for these conditions. It is believed that underlying dysfunction in the daily biological (circadian) clock may play important roles in the etiology of many sleep disorders, and circadian rhythm changes are reported in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. The aim of this review was to explore the key identifying features of circadian rhythm disorders (CRDs) in child and adolescent psychiatry and address how such disorders may be managed in the clinic. METHOD A narrative review was conducted of the extant literature of CRDs in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions. RESULTS Key biological and social factors that contribute to CRDs in children and adolescents, and the cognitive and neurobehavioral consequences resulting from insufficient sleep were outlined. The roles of melatonin and other chronotherapeutic and behavioral interventions for the management of CRDs were also outlined. Further, the importance of careful investigation of circadian rhythm abnormalities in shaping the most effective treatment plan according to chronobiological principles was highlighted. CONCLUSION CRDs are common in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions and arise out of complex interactions between biological and social factors. Careful clinical attention to and management of CRDs in child and adolescent psychiatry have the potential for significant benefit not only in the domain of sleep but also in a range of cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Arns
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, and Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, and PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, the Hague, the Netherlands
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16
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Thome J, Deloyer J, Coogan AN, Bailey-Rodriguez D, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Faltraco F, Grima C, Gudjonsson SO, Hanon C, Hollý M, Joosten J, Karlsson I, Kelemen G, Korman M, Krysta K, Lichterman B, Loganovsky K, Marazziti D, Maraitou M, Mertens deWilmars S, Reunamen M, Rexhaj S, Sancaktar M, Sempere J, Tournier I, Weynant E, Vis C, Lebas MC, Fond-Harmant L. The impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental-health services in Europe. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:516-525. [PMID: 33143529 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1844290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current COVID-19 pandemic confronts psychiatric patients and mental health services with unique and severe challenges. METHODS In order to identify these trans-national challenges across Europe, an ad-hoc survey was conducted among 23 experts, each answering for one European or aligned country. RESULTS A number of important themes and issues were raised for the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and mental health services, barriers to service provision and future consequences. A number of key issues were reported by colleagues across several jurisdictions, even though these were at different stages of their national epidemics. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we articulate some important learnings from the early stages of the COVID-19 European pandemic, and highlight key considerations for all countries' mental health services as the current pandemic develops and for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | | | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Grima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Mental Health Services, Mount Carmel Hospital, Attard, Malta
| | | | - Cecile Hanon
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé, Université de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Martin Hollý
- Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jo Joosten
- Private Psychiatric Practice, Brussels and Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingegerd Karlsson
- Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus-Vuxenpsykiatrisk Klinik, Borås Växel, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Kelemen
- Faculty of Educational Science, Psychology and Social Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University, Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Korman
- Occupational Therapy Department, Ariel University and EJ Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Krzysztof Krysta
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Boleslav Lichterman
- Department of Humanities, The IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Loganovsky
- Department of Radiation Psychoneurology, Institute for Clinical Radiology, State Institution "National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Unicamillus University of Rome and Brain Research Foundation, Lucca, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Shyhrete Rexhaj
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, University of Sciences Western Switzerland, HES-SO, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muhammet Sancaktar
- Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Implementation Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Javier Sempere
- Centre de Terapia Interfamiliar and Mental Health Association, Elx, Spain
| | | | - Emilie Weynant
- Centre Neuro Psychiatrique St. Martin, Dave Namur, Belgium
| | - Christiaan Vis
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Clotilde Lebas
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Publique et de la Motricité, Haute Ecole de la Province de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fond-Harmant
- Agence de Coopération Scientifique Afrique-Luxembourg et Europe et LEPS, Laboratoire Education et Pratiques en Santé, Paris 13, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
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17
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Fox R, McHugh Power J, Coogan AN, Beekman ATF, van Tilburg TG, Hyland P. Posttraumatic stress disorder and loneliness are associated over time: A longitudinal study on PTSD symptoms and loneliness, among older adults. Psychiatry Res 2021; 299:113846. [PMID: 33706195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness has a pernicious effect on mental health in later life and is likely to have a bidirectional relationship with psychopathology. However, longitudinal research examining loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms among older adults is scarce. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between different types of loneliness (social and emotional) and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Using two waves of an older adult sample (n = 1,276) from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), this longitudinal relationship was examined using a multivariate two wave-latent change score (2W-LCS) model. There were significant, however, very small increases in both posttraumatic stress symptoms and emotional loneliness over time, whereas, average social loneliness scores did not significantly increase/decrease over time. Changes in both social (β = .16) and emotional loneliness (β = .15) were associated with small changes in posttraumatic stress symptoms, consistent with the existence of a longitudinal association between the constructs, net of covariate effects. Results provide evidence of the existence of a longitudinal association between subtypes of loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms, among older adults. Results have implications for clinicians who should identify individuals at risk of developing posttraumatic stress symptoms, and for the theory of both posttraumatic stress disorder and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fox
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, University College Dublin.
| | - Joanna McHugh Power
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland; UK CRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G van Tilburg
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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18
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Wyse C, O'Malley G, Coogan AN, McConkey S, Smith DJ. Seasonal and daytime variation in multiple immune parameters in humans: Evidence from 329,261 participants of the UK Biobank cohort. iScience 2021; 24:102255. [PMID: 33817568 PMCID: PMC8010467 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal disease outbreaks are perennial features of human infectious disease but the factors generating these patterns are unclear. Here we investigate seasonal and daytime variability in multiple immune parameters in 329,261 participants in UK Biobank and test for associations with a wide range of environmental and lifestyle factors, including changes in day length, outdoor temperature and vitamin D at the time the blood sample was collected. Seasonal patterns were evident in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein CRP, but not monocytes, and these were independent of lifestyle, demographic, and environmental factors. All the immune parameters assessed demonstrated significant daytime variation that was independent of confounding factors. At a population level, human immune parameters vary across season and across time of day, independent of multiple confounding factors. Both season and time of day are fundamental dimensions of immune function that should be considered in all studies of immuno-prophylaxis and disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Wyse
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sam McConkey
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland: University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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19
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Raman S, Coogan AN. Effects of societal-level COVID-19 mitigation measures on the timing and quality of sleep in Ireland. Sleep Med 2021; 91:179-184. [PMID: 33674193 PMCID: PMC7883722 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Under usual circumstances, sleep timing is strongly influenced by societal imperatives. The sweeping whole-of-society measures introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may represent a unique opportunity to examine the impact of large-scale changes in work practices on sleep timing. As such, we examined the impact of the travel restrictions and work from home orders imposed in Ireland in March 2020 on sleep timing and quality. Methods We utilized a cross-sectional survey deployed shortly after the imposition of restrictions which assessed current and retrospective ratings of sleep timing and quality; the final response set analysed was from 797 adults. Participants completed the ultra-short Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and answered questions pertaining to work status such as working from home during the period of restrictions. Results and conclusion There was a significant shift to later sleep start and end times, as well as delayed time of midsleep on both work and free days, during the period of restrictions. Sleep duration was longer for work days, while free day sleep duration was shorter and there was a reduction in social jetlag during the restrictions. Those who worked from home during restrictions had longer sleep duration on work day and had a significantly larger difference in sleep end on work day than “essential” workers who continued to attend their normal place of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Raman
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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20
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Fox R, Hyland P, McHugh Power J, Coogan AN. Posttraumatic stress disorder among older adults: A differential item functioning analysis of PTSD in ICD-11 and DSM–5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 12:799-806. [DOI: 10.1037/tra0000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Coogan AN, Cleary-Gaffney M, Finnegan M, McMillan G, González A, Espey B. Perceptions of Light Pollution and its Impacts: Results of an Irish Citizen Science Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17155628. [PMID: 32759883 PMCID: PMC7432530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light pollution is increasingly an area of concern for health and quality of life research. Somewhat surprisingly, there are relatively few descriptions of perceptions of light pollution in the literature. The current study examined such perceptions in a Irish sample. METHODS A survey was circulated as part of a citizen science initiative of a national newspaper; the survey included questions regarding night sky brightness and the impact of light at night on sleep and animal behaviour. Complete responses from 462 respondents were analysed. RESULTS Urban location was, as anticipated, associated with reported brighter night skies, and public lighting was reported as the main source of light at night for urban settings, whilst neighbours' domestic lighting was the most commonly reported source for rural settings. Respondents from rural settings were more likely to report that light at night impinged on sleep, whilst city dwellers were more likely to report recent changes in wildlife behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Citizen science approaches may be useful in gathering data on public perceptions of light pollution and its impacts. In the current study, this perception was strongly influenced by location, highlighting the importance of assessing experiences and attitudes across a number of geographical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland; (M.C.-G.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.C.); (B.E.); Tel.: +353-1-7086624 (A.N.C.); Tel.: +353-1-896-2680 (B.E.)
| | - Michael Cleary-Gaffney
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland; (M.C.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - Megan Finnegan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland; (M.C.-G.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Ainhoa González
- School of Geography, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Brian Espey
- School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (A.N.C.); (B.E.); Tel.: +353-1-7086624 (A.N.C.); Tel.: +353-1-896-2680 (B.E.)
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22
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Fox R, Hyland P, McHugh Power J, Coogan AN. Patterns of comorbidity associated with ICD-11 PTSD among older adults in the United States. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113171. [PMID: 32526516 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little research has been conducted on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comorbidity among older adults regarding the description of PTSD in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This study sought to provide evidence of a dimensional model of psychopathology using the 'Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology' (HiTOP) model as a theoretical framework to explain patterns of ICD-11 PTSD comorbidity. Distinct patterns of ICD-11 PTSD comorbidity among a nationally representative sample (n = 530) of adults aged 60 years and older from the United States were examined using latent class analysis (LCA). Covariates associated with comorbidity classes were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. ICD-11 PTSD was highly comorbid with other psychopathologies. LCA results favoured a two-class solution. Class 1 (71.7%) was characterised by moderate probabilities for major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder; Class 2 (28.3%) was characterised by a moderate-high probability of general psychopathology and was associated with lower social support, spousal/partner physical abuse, and history of attempted suicide. PTSD was highly comorbid with other disorders among older adults. Distinct patterns of PTSD comorbidity exist among this cohort and these findings can aid clinicians and researchers in understanding and predicting maladaptive responses to trauma and associated psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fox
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Joanna McHugh Power
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland; UK CRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
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23
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Thome J, Coogan AN, Fischer M, Tucha O, Faltraco F. Challenges for mental health services during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Germany. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:407. [PMID: 32363760 PMCID: PMC7267148 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Thome
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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24
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Fischer M, Coogan AN, Faltraco F, Thome J. COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis - a case report. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288:113001. [PMID: 32315884 PMCID: PMC7162758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fischer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - A N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland
| | - F Faltraco
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Thome
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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25
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Thome J, Coogan AN, Simon F, Fischer M, Tucha O, Faltraco F, Marazziti D, Butzer H. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e50. [PMID: 32468988 PMCID: PMC7280152 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns for population mental health and the effective provision of mental health services in the light of increased demands and barriers to service delivery [1]. Particular attention is being directed toward the possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of both COVID-19 and of the stringent societal mitigation steps deployed by national governments, concerns that are informed by historical increases in the incidence of psychotic disorders following influenza pandemics [2]. However, so far there has been scant attention paid to other important areas of psychiatry during COVID-19, including medico-legal aspects and human rights. In this paper, we discuss the legal implications for psychiatry of the COVID-19 pandemic and report a novel situation in which psychiatric patients may experience diminution of their statutory protections. We believe that this represents a paradigm shift in psychiatric care and that the consideration of the fundamental rights of psychiatric patients as “less important” than infection control measures compel mental health professionals to “advocate for … patients and their caregivers” in this time of crisis [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Thome
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Frederick Simon
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,UniCamillus University of Rome, Brain Research Foundation, Lucca, Italy
| | - Hermann Butzer
- Law School, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Objectives: The current paper addresses the evidence for circadian clock characteristics associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and possible therapeutic approaches based on chronomodulation through bright light (BL) therapy.Methods: We review the data reported in ADHD on genetic risk factors for phase-delayed circadian rhythms and on the role of photic input in circadian re-alignment.Results: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in circadian genes were recently associated with core ADHD symptoms, increased evening-orientation and frequent sleep problems. Additionally, alterations in exposure and response to photic input may underlie circadian problems in ADHD. BL therapy was shown to be effective for re-alignment of circadian physiology toward morningness, reducing sleep disturbances and bringing overall improvement in ADHD symptoms. The susceptibility of the circadian system to phase shift by timed BL exposure may have broad cost-effective potential implications for the treatment of ADHD.Conclusions: We conclude that further research of circadian function in ADHD should focus on detection of genetic markers (e.g., using human skin fibroblasts) and development of BL-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korman
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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27
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McGowan NM, Uzoni A, Faltraco F, Thome J, Coogan AN. The impact of social jetlag and chronotype on attention, inhibition and decision making in healthy adults. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e12974. [PMID: 31943451 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian clock disruption are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but the impact on neurocognitive performance is unclear. We assessed whether chronotype and everyday circadian misalignment manifested as social jetlag were associated with inter-individual neurocognitive performance across domains of attention, inhibitory control and decision making. One hundred and eighty-eight healthy young adults were assessed for sleep and circadian properties and performed two neurocognitive tasks, the Continuous Performance Test and the Iowa Gambling Task. Social jetlag was associated with significantly faster and less variable reaction times and commission errors on the Continuous Performance Test. Poorer subjective sleep quality was associated with poorer decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. No effects were present for polymorphisms in the circadian clock genes CLOCK and PER3. We conclude that circadian disruption shaped by everyday environmental factors may impact on attentional/inhibitory performance but not on a measure of risky decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall M McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock Medical School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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28
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Coogan AN, Schenk M, Palm D, Uzoni A, Grube J, Tsang AH, Kolbe I, McGowan NM, Wandschneider R, Colla M, Oster H, Thome J, Faltraco F. Impact of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and medication status on sleep/wake behavior and molecular circadian rhythms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1198-1206. [PMID: 30758328 PMCID: PMC6785110 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric condition that has been strongly associated with changes in sleep and circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are near 24-h cycles that are primarily generated by an endogenous circadian timekeeping system, encoded at the molecular level by a panel of clock genes. Stimulant and non-stimulant medication used in the management of ADHD has been shown to potentially impact on circadian processes and their behavioral outputs. In the current study, we have analyzed circadian rhythms in daily activity and sleep, and the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls (N = 22), ADHD participants not using ADHD-medication (N = 17), and participants with ADHD and current use of ADHD medication (N = 17). Rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via wrist-worn actigraphy, whilst rhythms of circadian gene expression were assessed ex-vivo in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures. Behavioral data indicate that patients with ADHD using ADHD-medication have lower relative amplitudes of diurnal activity rhythms, lower sleep efficiency, more nocturnal activity but not more nocturnal wakenings than both controls and ADHD participants without medication. At the molecular level, there were alterations in the expression of PER2 and CRY1 between ADHD individuals with no medication compared to medicated ADHD patients or controls, whilst CLOCK expression was altered in patients with ADHD and current medication. Analysis of fibroblasts transfected with a BMAL1:luc reporter showed changes in the timing of the peak expression across the three groups. Taken together, these data support the contention that both ADHD and medication status impact on circadian processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - M Schenk
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - D Palm
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Grube
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A H Tsang
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - I Kolbe
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - N M McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Wandschneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Colla
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - H Oster
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - F Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Kelly RM, Healy U, Sreenan S, McDermott JH, Coogan AN. Clocks in the clinic: circadian rhythms in health and disease. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:653-658. [PMID: 30523071 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated recurring patterns of around 24 hours with well-established roles in physiology and behaviour. These circadian clocks are important in both the aetiology and treatment of various psychiatric and metabolic diseases. To maintain physiological homeostasis and optimal functioning, living life synchronised to these clocks is desirable; modern society, however, promotes a '24/7' lifestyle where activity often occurs during the body's 'biological night', resulting in mistimed sleep and circadian misalignment. This circadian desynchrony can increase the risk of disease and can also influence treatment response. Clinicians should be aware of the influence that circadian desynchrony can have on health and disease, in order to potentially develop new therapeutic strategies and to incorporate chronotherapeutics into current treatment strategies to enhance their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ultan Healy
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland.,3U Diabetes Consortium, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Sreenan
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland.,3U Diabetes Consortium, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John H McDermott
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland.,3U Diabetes Consortium, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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McGowan NM, Coogan AN. Sleep and circadian rhythm function and trait impulsivity: An actigraphy study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:251-256. [PMID: 30071388 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the relationship between daily rest-activity patterns and trait impulsivity in healthy young adults. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale was used to identify high and low impulsive individuals among a group of 51 volunteers. Participants' sleep behaviour and circadian rhythm function was assessed using week-long actigraphy. High impulsive individuals displayed phase-delayed patterns of sleep, a decreased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and disrupted circadian function. Such outcomes were also associated with greater self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The results highlight that sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances may be associated with impulsive traits replicating relationships described in psychiatric illnesses in which impulsivity is a core feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall M McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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31
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are recurring patterns in a range of behavioural, physiological and molecular parameters that display periods of near 24 h, and are underpinned by an endogenous biological timekeeping system. Circadian clocks are increasingly recognised as being key for health. Environmental light is the key stimulus that synchronises the internal circadian system with the external time cues. There are emergent health concerns regarding increasing worldwide prevalence of electric lighting, especially man-made light-at-night, and light's impact on the circadian system may be central to these effects. A number of previous studies have demonstrated increased depression-like behaviour in various rodent experimental models exposed to dim light-at-night. In this study we set out to study the impact of dim light-at-night on circadian and affective behaviours in C57Bl/6 mice. We set out specifically to examine the impact of sex on light at night's effects, as well as the impact of housing conditions. We report minimal impact of light-at-night on circadian and affective behaviours, as measured by the tail suspension test, the forced swim test, the sucrose preference test and the elevated plus maze. Light-at-night was also not associated with an increase in body weight, but was associated with a decrease in the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in the dentate gyrus. In summary, we conclude that experimental contextual factors, such as model species or strain, may be considerable importance in the investigation of the impact of light at night on mood-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cleary-Gaffney
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
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32
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Lunn RM, Blask DE, Coogan AN, Figueiro MG, Gorman MR, Hall JE, Hansen J, Nelson RJ, Panda S, Smolensky MH, Stevens RG, Turek FW, Vermeulen R, Carreón T, Caruso CC, Lawson CC, Thayer KA, Twery MJ, Ewens AD, Garner SC, Schwingl PJ, Boyd WA. Health consequences of electric lighting practices in the modern world: A report on the National Toxicology Program's workshop on shift work at night, artificial light at night, and circadian disruption. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:1073-1084. [PMID: 28724246 PMCID: PMC5587396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The invention of electric light has facilitated a society in which people work, sleep, eat, and play at all hours of the 24-hour day. Although electric light clearly has benefited humankind, exposures to electric light, especially light at night (LAN), may disrupt sleep and biological processes controlled by endogenous circadian clocks, potentially resulting in adverse health outcomes. Many of the studies evaluating adverse health effects have been conducted among night- and rotating-shift workers, because this scenario gives rise to significant exposure to LAN. Because of the complexity of this topic, the National Toxicology Program convened an expert panel at a public workshop entitled "Shift Work at Night, Artificial Light at Night, and Circadian Disruption" to obtain input on conducting literature-based health hazard assessments and to identify data gaps and research needs. The Panel suggested describing light both as a direct effector of endogenous circadian clocks and rhythms and as an enabler of additional activities or behaviors that may lead to circadian disruption, such as night-shift work and atypical and inconsistent sleep-wake patterns that can lead to social jet lag. Future studies should more comprehensively characterize and measure the relevant light-related exposures and link these exposures to both time-independent biomarkers of circadian disruption and biomarkers of adverse health outcomes. This information should lead to improvements in human epidemiological and animal or in vitro models, more rigorous health hazard assessments, and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of adverse health outcomes due to these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Lunn
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mariana G Figueiro
- Light and Health Program, Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Michael R Gorman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Janet E Hall
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Sleep Medicine, The University of Texas-Houston McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard G Stevens
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Carreón
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire C Caruso
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christina C Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kristina A Thayer
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Twery
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew D Ewens
- Contractor in support of the NIEHS Report on Carcinogens, Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sanford C Garner
- Contractor in support of the NIEHS Report on Carcinogens, Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pamela J Schwingl
- Contractor in support of the NIEHS Report on Carcinogens, Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Windy A Boyd
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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McGowan NM, Voinescu BI, Coogan AN. Sleep quality, chronotype and social jetlag differentially associate with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1433-1443. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1208214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niall M. McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Bogdan I. Voinescu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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34
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Sandu RE, Uzoni A, Ciobanu O, Moldovan M, Anghel A, Radu E, Coogan AN, Popa-Wagner A. Post-stroke gaseous hypothermia increases vascular density but not neurogenesis in the ischemic penumbra of aged rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34:401-14. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Ciobanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mihai Moldovan
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Panum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugen Radu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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35
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Barry DN, Coogan AN, Commins S. The time course of systems consolidation of spatial memory from recent to remote retention: A comparison of the Immediate Early Genes Zif268, c-Fos and Arc. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 128:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Anderson ST, Commins S, Moynagh P, Coogan AN. Chronic fluoxetine treatment attenuates post-septic affective changes in the mouse. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:112-5. [PMID: 26455875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that the induction of sepsis in rodents results in persistent impairments in affective and cognitive domains. In this study we have examined the impact of chronic treatment with the antidepressant fluoxetine on affective behaviours and hippocampal neuroinflammation and stem cell proliferation in animals that have previously undergone sepsis induced by peripheral treatment with lipopolysaccharide. We find that fluoxetine significantly attenuates post-septic increases in behavioural despair and motivated exploration, whilst also reversing the effects of previous sepsis on activated microglia and stem cell proliferation. These results indicate that conventional antidepressants may be effective in the management of mood disorders in survivors of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Anderson
- Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sean Commins
- Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Paul Moynagh
- Maynooth University Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
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37
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Popa-Wagner A, Buga AM, Dumitrascu DI, Uzoni A, Thome J, Coogan AN. How does healthy aging impact on the circadian clock? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 124:89-97. [PMID: 26175004 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are recurring patterns in a host of physiological and other parameters that recur with periods of near 24 h. These rhythms reflect the temporal organization of an organism's homeostatic control systems and as such are key processes in ensuring optimal physiological performance. Dysfunction of circadian processes is linked with adverse health conditions. In this review we highlight the evidence that normal, healthy aging is associated with changes in the circadian system; we examine the molecular mechanisms through which such changes may arise, discuss whether more robust circadian function is a predictor of longevity and highlight the role of circadian rhythms in age-related diseases. Overall, the literature shows that aging is associated with marked changes in circadian processes, both at the behavioral and molecular levels, and the molecular mechanisms through which such changes arise remain to be elucidated, but may involve inflammatory process, redox homeostasis and epigenetic modifications. Understanding the nature of age-related circadian dysfunction will allow for the design of chronotherapeutic intervention strategies to attenuate circadian dysfunction and thus improve health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ana-Maria Buga
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Dinu Iuliu Dumitrascu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, UMF "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Maynooth University Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Curtis AM, Fagundes CT, Yang G, Palsson-McDermott EM, Wochal P, McGettrick AF, Foley NH, Early JO, Chen L, Zhang H, Xue C, Geiger SS, Hokamp K, Reilly MP, Coogan AN, Vigorito E, FitzGerald GA, O'Neill LAJ. Circadian control of innate immunity in macrophages by miR-155 targeting Bmal1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7231-6. [PMID: 25995365 PMCID: PMC4466714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501327112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to an innate immune challenge is conditioned by the time of day, but the molecular basis for this remains unclear. In myeloid cells, there is a temporal regulation to induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the proinflammatory microRNA miR-155 that correlates inversely with levels of BMAL1. BMAL1 in the myeloid lineage inhibits activation of NF-κB and miR-155 induction and protects mice from LPS-induced sepsis. Bmal1 has two miR-155-binding sites in its 3'-UTR, and, in response to LPS, miR-155 binds to these two target sites, leading to suppression of Bmal1 mRNA and protein in mice and humans. miR-155 deletion perturbs circadian function, gives rise to a shorter circadian day, and ablates the circadian effect on cytokine responses to LPS. Thus, the molecular clock controls miR-155 induction that can repress BMAL1 directly. This leads to an innate immune response that is variably responsive to challenges across the circadian day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Curtis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guangrui Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eva M Palsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paulina Wochal
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anne F McGettrick
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh H Foley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James O Early
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lihong Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chenyi Xue
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sarah S Geiger
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Elena Vigorito
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Anderson ST, Commins S, Moynagh PN, Coogan AN. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis induces long-lasting affective changes in the mouse. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:98-109. [PMID: 25063709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-septic encephalopathy is a poorly understood condition in survivors of sepsis that is characterised by cognitive and affective impairments. In this study we have sought to better understand this condition by undertaking a comprehensive behavioural and cognitive assessment of mice who had previously survived sepsis. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5mg/kg) and one month after this assessed on a battery of tests. Post-septic animals were found to display significantly more immobility in the tail suspension test and show a significantly decreased sucrose preference. Acute fluoxetine treatment reversed the increase in immobility in the tail suspension test in post-septic animals. Post-septic animals also showed less overall exploratory behaviour in the novel object recognition task and also showed increased anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze. Post-septic mice did not show signs of cognitive impairment, as assessed in the Morris watermaze, the 8-arm radial maze or on preference for the novel object in the novel object recognition task. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant upregulation of the microglial marker CD-11b, F4/80 and IBA-1 in the hippocampus of post-septic animals, as well as significant downregulation of the plasticity-related immediate early gene products ARC and EGR1. We also observed a decrease in neural stem cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of post-septic animals as judged by BrdU incorporation. Co-treatment with the NF-κB pathway inhibitor PDTC attenuated the long-lasting effects of LPS on most of the affected parameters, but not on neural stem cell proliferation. These results show that LPS-induced sepsis in the mouse is followed by long-lasting increases in depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as by changes in neuroinflammatory- and neural plasticity-associated factors, and that attenuation of the severity of sepsis by PDTC attenuates many of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán T Anderson
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Seán Commins
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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40
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Anderson ST, O'Callaghan EK, Commins S, Coogan AN. Does prior sepsis alter subsequent circadian and sickness behaviour response to lipopolysaccharide treatment in mice? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 122 Suppl 1:S63-73. [PMID: 24337695 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous data has shown that prior history of immune challenge may affect central and behavioural responses to subsequent immune challenge, either leading to exaggerated responses via priming mechanisms or lessened responses via endotoxin tolerance. In this set of experiments we have examined how previously lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis shapes the response to subsequent treatment with lower dose LPS. After treatment with LPS (5 mg/kg) or saline mice were allowed to recover for 3-4 months before being challenged with a lower dose of LPS (100 μg/kg) for assessment of sickness behaviours. Performance on the open field test and the tail suspension test was assessed, and no evidence was found that prior sepsis altered sickness or depressive-like behaviour following LPS treatment. We then examined the responsiveness of the circadian system of mice to LPS. We found that in control animals, LPS induced a significant phase delay of the behavioural rhythm and that this was not the case in post-septic animals (4-6 weeks after sepsis), indicating that prior sepsis alters the responsivity of the circadian system to subsequent immune challenge. We further assessed the induction of the immediate early genes c-Fos and EGR1 in the hippocampus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; the master circadian pacemaker) by LPS in control or post-septic animals, and found that post-septic animals show elevated expression in the hippocampus but not the SCN. These data suggest that previous sepsis has some effect on behavioural and molecular responses to subsequent immune challenge in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Anderson
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Coogan AN, Schutová B, Husung S, Furczyk K, Baune BT, Kropp P, Häßler F, Thome J. The circadian system in Alzheimer's disease: disturbances, mechanisms, and opportunities. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:333-9. [PMID: 23273723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition associated with severe cognitive and behavioral impairments. Circadian rhythms are recurring cycles that display periods of approximately 24 hours and are driven by an endogenous circadian timekeeping system centered on the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. We review the compelling evidence that circadian rhythms are significantly disturbed in AD and that such disturbance is of significant clinical importance in terms of behavioral symptoms. We also detail findings from neuropathological studies of brain areas associated with the circadian system in postmortem studies, the use of animal models of AD in the investigation of circadian processes, and the evidence that chronotherapeutic approaches aimed at bolstering weakened circadian rhythms in AD produce beneficial outcomes. We argue that further investigation in such areas is warranted and highlight areas for future research that might prove fruitful in ultimately providing new treatment options for this most serious and intractable of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Republic of Ireland
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Baird AL, Coogan AN, Kaufling J, Barrot M, Thome J. Daily methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment impacts on clock gene protein expression in the mouse brain. Brain Res 2013; 1513:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McGowan NM, Coogan AN. Circadian and behavioural responses to shift work-like schedules of light/dark in the mouse. J Mol Psychiatry 2013; 1:7. [PMID: 25408900 PMCID: PMC4223889 DOI: 10.1186/2049-9256-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with several deleterious health consequences and cognitive impairment. It is estimated that as many as one in five workers are exposed to this risk factor due to experiencing some degree of chronodisruption by way of recurring patterns of shift work. It is not presently clear therefore how efficiently the mammalian circadian system entrains to alternative light/dark cycles such as those found in shift work schedules. Methods The present study examines male CD-1 mice exposed to three different paradigms of rapidly rotating shift work-like light/dark manipulations compared to control animals maintained on a standard 12:12 h light/dark cycle. Results Analysis of circadian patterns of behaviour under such conditions reveals that for fast rotating schedules of light/dark there is minimal circadian entrainment. Further, when placed in constant conditions after a period under the “shift work” lighting conditions there were changes to circadian period associated with the shift work schedules. In contrast to previous studies the shift work-like conditions did not produce changes in animal body-weight. Behavioural testing suggests possible anxiogenic and hyperactive outcomes dependent on rotation speed as animals displayed open field thigmotaxis and hyperlocomotion. Conclusion These results indicate that exposure to alternating patterns of light and dark as experienced by millions of shift workers may produce long-lasting changes in both mammalian circadian and neurobehavioural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall M McGowan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Abstract
Daily patterns of activity and physiology are termed circadian rhythms and are driven primarily by an endogenous biological timekeeping system, with the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Previous studies have indicated reciprocal relationships between the circadian and the immune systems, although to date there have been only limited explorations of the long-term modulation of the circadian system by immune challenge, and it is to this question that we addressed ourselves in the current study. Sepsis was induced by peripheral treatment with lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg) and circadian rhythms were monitored following recovery. The basic parameters of circadian rhythmicity (free-running period and rhythm amplitude, entrainment to a light/dark cycle) were unaltered in post-septic animals compared to controls. Animals previously treated with LPS showed accelerated re-entrainment to a 6 hour advance of the light/dark cycle, and showed larger phase advances induced by photic stimulation in the late night phase. Photic induction of the immediate early genes c-FOS, EGR-1 and ARC was not altered, and neither was phase-shifting in response to treatment with the 5-HT-1a/7 agonist 8-OH-DPAT. Circadian expression of the clock gene product PER2 was altered in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of post-septic animals, and PER1 and PER2 expression patterns were altered also in the hippocampus. Examination of the suprachiasmatic nucleus 3 months after treatment with LPS showed persistent upregulation of the microglial markers CD-11b and F4/80, but no changes in the expression of various neuropeptides, cytokines, and intracellular signallers. The effects of sepsis on circadian rhythms does not seem to be driven by cell death, as 24 hours after LPS treatment there was no evidence for apoptosis in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as judged by TUNEL and cleaved-caspase 3 staining. Overall these data provide novel insight into how septic shock exerts chronic effects on the mammalian circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. O'Callaghan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sean T. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul N. Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Republic of Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Republic of Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Baird AL, Coogan AN, Siddiqui A, Donev RM, Thome J. Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with alterations in circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:988-95. [PMID: 22105622 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with impaired sleep, and it has been postulated that this impairment may contribute to the psychopathology of this common condition. One key driver of sleep/wake cycles is the circadian system, which at the molecular level consists of a series of transcriptional feedback loops of clock genes, which in turn produce endocrine, physiological and behavioural outputs with a near 24 h periodicity. We set out to examine circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels in ADHD. Adults with ADHD as well as age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Circadian rhythms were measured by means of actigraphy for the determination of gross motor patterns, by self-sampling of oral mucosa for assessment of rhythmic expression of the clock genes BMAL1 and PER2, and by estimation of salivary cortisol and melatonin levels. Actigraphic analysis revealed significant diurnal and nocturnal hyperactivity in the ADHD group, as well as a significant shorter period of best fit for the locomotor circadian rhythm in ADHD. BMAL1 and PER2 showed circadian rhythmicity in controls with this being lost in the ADHD group. Cortisol rhythms were significantly phase delayed in the ADHD group. These findings indicate that adult ADHD is accompanied by significant changes in the circadian system, which in turn may lead to decreased sleep duration and quality in the condition. Further, modulation of circadian rhythms may represent a novel therapeutic avenue in the management of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Baird
- Department of Neuroscience and Molecular Psychiatry, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Cochrane A, Robertson IH, Coogan AN. Association between circadian rhythms, sleep and cognitive impairment in healthy older adults: an actigraphic study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1233-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coogan AN, Papachatzaki MM, Clemens C, Baird A, Donev RM, Joosten J, Zachariou V, Thome J. Haloperidol alters circadian clock gene product expression in the mouse brain. World J Biol Psychiatry 2011; 12:638-44. [PMID: 21250933 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2010.543149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circadian rhythms are patterns in behavioural and physiological measures that recur on a daily basis and are driven by an endogenous circadian timekeeping system whose molecular machinery consists of a number of clock genes. The typical anti-psychotic haloperidol has previously been shown to induce significant deficiencies in circadian timing in patients. In this study we examined the impact of haloperidol treatment on molecular components of the circadian clock in the mouse brain. METHODS We examined how haloperidol treatment, either acute (both at day and night) or chronically over 14 days, alters the expression of three clock gene protein products (PER1, PER2, BMAL1) across the mouse brain by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chronic haloperidol treatment significantly decreases the expression levels of PER1 in a number of brain areas, including the hippocampus, the prefrontal and cingulate cerebral cortex and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. PER2 expression was only altered in the dentate gyrus and the CA3, and BMAL1 expression was only altered in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION These data indicate that haloperidol has the potential to alter circadian rhythms via modulation of circadian clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Republic of Ireland.
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O'Keeffe SM, Thome J, Coogan AN. The noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine phase-shifts the circadian clock in mice. Neuroscience 2011; 201:219-30. [PMID: 22119060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are recurring cycles in physiology and behaviour that repeat with periods of near 24 h and are driven by an endogenous circadian timekeeping system with a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Atomoxetine is a specific noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the clinical management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the current study we examined the effects of atomoxetine on circadian rhythms in mice. Atomoxetine (i.p.; 3 mg/kg) treatment of mice free-running in constant light (LL) at circadian time (CT) 6 induced large phase delays that were significantly different to saline controls. Treatment of animals with atomoxetine at CT13 or CT18 did not elicit any significant phase shifts. We also examined the effects of atomoxetine treatment of animals free-running in constant darkness (DD). Atomoxetine treatment at CT6 in these animals leads to more modest, but significant, phase advances, whereas treatment at CT18 did not elicit significant phase shifts. The effects of atomoxetine in LL were attenuated by pretreatment with the α-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin and were mimicked by another noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, reboxetine. Further, atomoxetine treatment at CT6 induced a downregulation of c-Fos and CLOCK in the SCN, but did not alter the expression of PER2 and BMAL1. Atomoxetine during the night phase did not alter any of these factors. Atomoxetine treatment preceding a light pulse at CT15 enhanced the magnitude of the photic-phase shift, whereas it altered photic induction of the immediate early gene products c-Fos and ARC in the SCN. These data indicate that atomoxetine can reset the circadian clock and indicate that part of the therapeutic profile of atomoxetine may be through circadian rhythm modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M O'Keeffe
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Republic of Ireland
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Thome J, Coogan AN, Woods AG, Darie CC, Häßler F. CLOCK Genes and Circadian Rhythmicity in Alzheimer Disease. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:383091. [PMID: 22028968 PMCID: PMC3199059 DOI: 10.4061/2011/383091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed circadian rhythms with sleep problems and disrupted diurnal activity are often seen in patients suffering from Alzheimer disease (AD). Both endogenous CLOCK genes and external Zeitgeber are responsible for the maintenance of circadian rhythmicity in humans. Therefore, modifications of the internal CLOCK system and its interactions with exogenous factors might constitute the neurobiological basis for clinically observed disruptions in rhythmicity, which often have grave consequences for the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Presently, more and more data are emerging demonstrating how alterations of the CLOCK gene system might contribute to the pathophysiology of AD and other forms of dementia. At the same time, the impact of neuropsychiatric medication on CLOCK gene expression is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimerstraße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Wyse CA, Selman C, Page MM, Coogan AN, Hazlerigg DG. Circadian desynchrony and metabolic dysfunction; did light pollution make us fat? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:1139-44. [PMID: 21983352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations in physiology and behaviour that recur with a period of 24h, and that are entrained by the daily photoperiod. The cycle of sunrise and sunset provided a reliable time cue for many thousands of years, until the advent of artificial lighting disrupted the entrainment of human circadian rhythms to the solar photoperiod. Circadian desynchrony (CD) occurs when endogenous rhythms become misaligned with daily photoperiodic cycles, and this condition is facilitated by artificial lighting. This review examines the hypothesis that chronic CD that has accompanied the availability of electric lighting in the developed world induces a metabolic and behavioural phenotype that is predisposed to the development of obesity. The evidence to support this hypothesis is based on epidemiological data showing coincidence between the appearance of obesity and the availability of artificial light, both geographically, and historically. This association links CD to obesity in humans, and is corroborated by experimental studies that demonstrate that CD can induce obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans and in rodents. This association between CD and obesity has far reaching implications for human health, lifestyle and work practices. Attention to the rhythmicity of daily sleep, exercise, work and feeding schedules could be beneficial in targeting or reversing the modern human predisposition to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wyse
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3TZ, UK.
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