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Meiner CB, Eckert C, Aggestrup CS, Pfeffer K, Koch S, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Ntoumanis N, Krustrup P, Larsen MN. FIT FIRST teen - a cluster RCT evaluating the effects of a 10-week high-intensity exercise intervention for 12-15-yr-old school children. J Sports Sci 2025:1-10. [PMID: 40377294 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2025.2505380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a 10-week thrice-weekly FIT FIRST Teen (FFT) intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness in Danish 12-15-years-olds. DESIGN A cluster-randomised controlled study. PARTICIPANTS One thousand four hundred and seventeen Danish pupils (51.1% female) from 15 municipal schools, allocated to an intervention group (FFT: n = 994, 13.5 (0.6) years (mean (SD)), 165.8 (8.7) cm, 57.8 (13.4) kg) or a usual practice control group (CON: n = 423, 13.8 (0.8) years, 167.7 (11.5) cm, 58.6 (12.2) kg). METHODS The FFT group completed three weekly 40-min FFT sessions with modified, motivating, involving, high-intensity sports-based activities. Before and after the 10-wk intervention period resting heart rate and blood pressure, body composition, postural balance, standing long jump and performance on the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children's test (YYIR1C) were measured. Group effects for all outcome variables were tested using multi-level linear mixed models. RESULTS The group effect analyses showed no significant differences between FFT and CON in the YYIR1C test (p = 0.080). A significant small difference between groups was found in resting heart rate (d = 0.29, p = 0.039) in favour of FFT. No significant between-group differences were observed in body composition, or the remaining cardiovascular or physical fitness variables (p >0.05). CONCLUSION The lack of significant effects for the majority of the outcome measures calls for further development and long-term testing of the programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Birch Meiner
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caroline Eckert
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sandager Aggestrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- DIF Udvikling, Danmarks Idrætsforbund (DIF), Brøndby, Danmark
| | - Kristina Pfeffer
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science (DRIVEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofie Koch
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science (DRIVEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science (DRIVEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science (DRIVEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gómez-Álvarez N, Boppre G, Hermosilla-Palma F, Reyes-Amigo T, Oliveira J, Fonseca H. Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health Biomarkers in Untrained Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5221. [PMID: 39274434 PMCID: PMC11396522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the benefits of an exercise intervention based on small-sided soccer games (SSSGs) on health-related physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in previously untrained children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases was performed. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials conducted in previously untrained children or adolescents (age < 18 years) that assessed the effect of SSSG-based intervention on health-related physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers were included. Primary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference. Evidence was synthesized as the mean difference or standardized mean difference using a random-effects meta-analysis. The quality of evidence was assessed using ROB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results: Sixteen studies (n = 2872 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. SSSGs significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD, 0.12 [0.01; 0.23]) and showed a non-significant trend in decreased waist circumference (-7.49 cm [-15.03; 0.06]). Additionally, SSSGs significantly decreased systolic (MD, -3.85 mmHg [-5.75; -1.94]) and diastolic blood pressure (MD, -1.26 mmHg [-2.44; -0.08]) and triglycerides (-30.34 mg·dL-1 [-45.99; -14.69]). No effects on body composition or other cardiometabolic risk biomarkers were observed. After a sensitivity analysis, waist circumference and muscle strength were also shown to improve significantly following SSSGs. Comparisons between SSSG and other types of exercise interventions showed no differences in improved physical fitness or cardiometabolic risk. Conclusions: SSSG-based interventions effectively improve cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, triglycerides, muscle strength, and waist circumference. There is less evidence of the effects of SSSGs on other health markers. Particular attention should be given to improving SSSG protocol reporting in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Nucleus of Research in Human Motricity Sciences, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Felipe Hermosilla-Palma
- Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Tomás Reyes-Amigo
- Physical Activity Sciences Observatory (OCAF), Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360072, Chile
| | - José Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Hassan MA, Zhou W, Ye M, He H, Gao Z. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions on blood pressure in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:699-708. [PMID: 38244922 PMCID: PMC11282348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure (BP) is a major contributor to mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known benefits of exercise for reducing BP, it is crucial to identify the most effective physical activity (PA) intervention. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of various PA interventions for reducing BP and to determine their hierarchy based on their impact on BP. METHODS A search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Eric databases was conducted up to December 2022 for this systematic review and NMA. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies targeting healthy children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were included in this study. Only studies that compared controlled and intervention groups using PA or exercise as the major influence were included. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three independent investigators performed the literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We used Bayesian arm-based NMA to synthesize the data. The primary outcomes were systolic BP and diastolic BP. We calculated the mean differences (MDs) in systolic BP and diastolic BP before and after treatment. Mean treatment differences were estimated using NMA and random-effect models. RESULTS We synthesized 27 studies involving 15,220 children and adolescents. PA combined with nutrition and behavior change was the most effective intervention for reducing both systolic BP and diastolic BP (MD = -8.64, 95% credible interval (95%CI):-11.44 to -5.84; MD = -6.75, 95%CI: -10.44 to -3.11), followed by interventions with multiple components (MD = -1.39, 95%CI: -1.94 to -0.84; MD = -2.54, 95%CI: -4.89 to -0.29). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PA interventions incorporating nutrition and behavior change, followed by interventions with multiple components, are most effective for reducing both systolic BP and diastolic BP in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Methods and Curriculum, Physical Education College for Men, Helwan University, Cairo 12552, Egypt
| | - Wanjiang Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mingyi Ye
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Litwin L, Sundholm JKM, Olander RFW, Meinilä J, Kulmala J, Tammelin TH, Rönö K, Koivusalo SB, Eriksson JG, Sarkola T. Associations Between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Health in 6-Year-Old Children Born to Mothers With Increased Cardiometabolic Risk. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:146-154. [PMID: 38154001 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess associations between sedentary time (ST), physical activity (PA), and cardiovascular health in early childhood. METHOD Cross-sectional study including 160 children (age 6.1 y [SD 0.5], 86 boys, 93 maternal body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, and 73 gestational diabetes) assessed for pulse wave velocity, echocardiography, ultra-high frequency 48-70 MHz vascular ultrasound, and accelerometery. RESULTS Boys had 385 (SD 53) minutes per day ST, 305 (SD 44) minutes per day light PA, and 81 (SD 22) minutes per day moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Girls had 415 (SD 50) minutes per day ST, 283 (SD 40) minutes per day light PA, and 66 (SD 19) minutes per day MVPA. In adjusted analyses, MVPA was inversely associated with resting heart rate (β = -6.6; 95% confidence interval, -12.5 to -0.7) and positively associated with left ventricular mass (β = 6.8; 1.4-12.3), radial intima-media thickness (β = 11.4; 5.4-17.5), brachial intima-media thickness (β = 8.0; 2.0-14.0), and femoral intima-media thickness (β = 1.3; 0.2-2.3). MVPA was inversely associated with body fat percentage (β = -3.4; -6.6 to -0.2), diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.05; -0.8 to -0.1), and femoral (β = -18.1; -32.4 to -0.8) and radial (β = -13.4; -24.0 to -2.9) circumferential wall stress in boys only. ST and pulse wave velocity showed no significant associations. CONCLUSIONS In young at-risk children, MVPA is associated with cardiovascular remodeling, partly in a sex-dependant way, likely representing physiological adaptation, but ST shows no association with cardiovascular health in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Litwin
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, FMS in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice,Poland
| | - Johnny K M Sundholm
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Rasmus F W Olander
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Jelena Meinilä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Janne Kulmala
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Kristiina Rönö
- Women's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Saila B Koivusalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku,Finland
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki,Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore,Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore,Singapore
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki,Finland
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Unnithan VB, Beaumont A, Rowland T, George K, Stewart L, Sculthorpe N, Lord RN, Oxborough DL. The effect of long-term soccer training on left ventricular structure and function in elite male youth soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14594. [PMID: 38454596 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac adaptations in elite, male adolescent youth soccer players have been demonstrated in relation to training status. The time course of these adaptations and the delineation of the influence of volatile growth phases from the training effect on these adaptations remain unclear. Consequently, the aims of the study were to evaluate the impact of 3 years of elite-level soccer training on changes in left ventricular (LV) structure and function in a group of highly trained elite youth male soccer players (SP) as they transitioned through the pre-to-adolescent phase of their growth. METHODS Twenty-two male youth SP from the highest Level of English Premier League Academy U-12 teams were evaluated once a year for three soccer seasons as the players progressed from the U-12 to U-14 teams. Fifteen recreationally active control participants (CON) were also evaluated over the same 3-year period. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was used to quantify LV structure and function. RESULTS After adjusting for the influence of growth and maturation, training-induced increases in Years 2 and 3 were noted for: LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV; p = 0.02) and LV end systolic volume (LVESV; p = 0.02) in the SP compared to CON. Training-induced decrements were noted for LV ejection fraction (LVEF; p = 0.006) and TDI-S' (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS An increase in training volume (Years 2 and 3) were aligned with LV volumetric adaptations and decrements in systolic function in the SP that were independent from the influence of rapid somatic growth. Decrements in systolic function were suggestive of a functional reserve for exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath B Unnithan
- Division of Sport and Exercise, School of Health and Life Sciences, Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Alexander Beaumont
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St. John University, York, UK
| | - Thomas Rowland
- Division of Sport and Exercise, School of Health and Life Sciences, Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Stewart
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Division of Sport and Exercise, School of Health and Life Sciences, Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Rachel N Lord
- Cardiff Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David L Oxborough
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Vale S, Costa JA, Seabra A. Effects of "Football and Nutrition for Health" program on body composition, physical fitness, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status among 7 to 10 years school children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1251053. [PMID: 38027281 PMCID: PMC10663241 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1251053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noncommunicable diseases and obesity are between the major health threat due to consumption of unhealthy foods and limited time spent on physical activities, a situation of particular concern among children. Since children spend most of their time at school, this study intends to investigate the effect of a school intervention program, which combines recreational football and nutrition education, on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, blood pressure and heart rate, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status in elementary school children. Methods A total of 67 children, between 7 and 10 years old, were allocated into three groups: the Football Group (FG) which held 2 weekly sessions of 60 min of recreational football, the Nutrition and Football Group (NFG) which held 2 sessions per week of 60 min of recreational football plus 60 min of nutritional education and the Control Group (CG) which maintained its usual curriculum. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All measurements were collected before and after the intervention. Results Intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) improved BMI Z-score, rest heart rate, horizontal jump and shuttle test, physical activity level, and psychosocial health. The NFG group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) nutritional knowledge, fruit, and fish consumption. While FG significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the percentage of fat mass and significantly increased (p < 0.05) muscle mass and performance in the 20 m sprint. Discussion The results have shown to improve nutritional status, explosive strength, aerobic and neuromuscular fitness, as well as increase the level of physical activity. The nutritional education sessions contributed to increase nutritional knowledge and to improve the consumption of healthy food groups in a ludic-educational way. The "Football and Nutrition for Health" program was able to induce short-term improvements in several health markers, highlighting the role of the school curriculum in children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
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Li T, Xu Q, Wang S, Qi K, Su P, Silva RM, Sarmento H, Clemente FM. Effects of recreational small-sided games from different team sports on the improvement of aerobic fitness in youth sedentary populations: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22041. [PMID: 38045141 PMCID: PMC10689881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic fitness is a critical aspect of overall health and well-being, essential for maintaining a high quality of life. Unfortunately, sedentary behavior has been on the rise among young adults, and this has had a negative impact on their aerobic fitness levels. Therefore, it is crucial to identify enjoyable physical exercise training programs that can play a pivotal role in improving aerobic fitness. The objective of this study was to systematically review the experimental studies concerning the impact of small-sided games (SSGs) training programs, implemented across various team sports, on the enhancement of aerobic fitness in a youth sedentary population. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science on August 01, 2023. Our eligibility criteria focused on studies involving sedentary youth populations (aged <18 years) as the target population. These studies needed to incorporate interventions based on SSGs as the intervention of interest, comparing them to passive or control groups as the comparator. The primary outcomes of interest were related to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), assessed either directly or indirectly, or the results of field-based cardiorespiratory tests. We specifically considered two- or multi-arm randomized controlled studies as the study design of interest. Out of the initial pool of 1980 studies, we reviewed 38 full-text articles, ultimately selecting and analyzing 13 studies for inclusion in our review. Among the studies included, a total of 1281 participants were enrolled in SSG-based interventions, while 744 participants acted as part of the control groups. Regarding the impact on VO2max, the six studies that investigated this outcome showed varying improvements, ranging from 2.2 % to 31.3 % when participants were exposed to SSGs. In terms of the outcome related to endurance performance in field-based tests, the eight studies that examined this aspect found that participants exposed to SSGs showed improvements ranging from 0.1 % to 79.8 %. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that SSG-based interventions conducted among sedentary youth populations can play a positive role in improving their aerobic fitness. This improvement in aerobic fitness can have potential positive impacts on their overall health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Li
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Qi Xu
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Shuang Wang
- Changsha Xiangjun Peicui Expermental Middle School, Changsha, 410002, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Peng Su
- Chizhou Third People's Hospital, Chizhou, 247100, China
| | - Rui Miguel Silva
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal
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Hayden J, O'Donnell G, deLaunois I, O'Gorman C. Endothelial Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (Endo-PAT 2000) use in paediatric patients: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062098. [PMID: 36657756 PMCID: PMC9853225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endo Peripheral Artery Tonometry (EndoPAT-2000) is a non-invasive technology for measuring endothelial dysfunction (ED). The reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) is resulted and is low when ED is present. We aim to synthesise the literature on paediatric ED that used Endo-PAT analysis. DESIGN A comprehensive systematic review was conducted from January 2015 to March 2021. The databases included Cochrane, MEDLINE EBSCO, EMBASE (Ovid), PUBMED and CINAHL EBSCO. Exclusion criteria were: (1) If a study used a different device, for example, (2) If the study had no results. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Published in the English, (2) more than 50% of study subjects were in the paediatric age range, (3) data relevant to paediatric age range children could be extrapolated from all data, where not all study subjects were children. RESULTS Following the removal of duplicates, 156 articles were initially identified. Following exclusion, 50 articles were included for review. We have subdivided these papers into different systems for ease of reference and have reported our findings in six tables: patients with type 1/2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, respiratory, psychiatric conditions and miscellaneous diseases. For each, the study design, population, control group (if available), RHI results and conclusions were reported. CONCLUSIONS A number of papers using Endo-PAT for children with various chronic diseases have evidence of ED. However, in many cases, there has only been a single cohort study using Endo-PAT. Further studies are required to validate these findings and to help characterise the cardiovascular risk profile of children with chronic disease. Further studies are also required that will characterise more completely the cardiovascular risk profile of these children.Consensus on other vascular risk markers that could be included in future studies is ideal and if accomplished, this would facilitate meta-analyses of studies of relatively rare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hayden
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gill O'Donnell
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Clodagh O'Gorman
- Paediatrics, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland
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Clemente FM, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Oliveira R, Brito J, Silva AF, Badicu G, Praça G, Sarmento H. Recreational Soccer Training Effects on Pediatric Populations Physical Fitness and Health: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1776. [PMID: 36421225 PMCID: PMC9689246 DOI: 10.3390/children9111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review analyzed the effects of recreational soccer programs on physical fitness and health-related outcomes in youth populations. Studies were sought in the following databases: (i) PubMed, (ii) Scopus, (iii) SPORTDiscus, and (iv) Web of Science. The eligibility criteria included (1) population: youth (<18 years old) populations with no restrictions on sex or health condition; (2) intervention: exposure to a recreational soccer training program of at least four weeks duration; (3) comparator: a passive or active control group not exposed to a recreational soccer training program; (4) outcomes: physical fitness (e.g., aerobic, strength, speed, and change-of-direction) or health-related measures (e.g., body composition, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and biomarkers); (5) study design: a randomized parallel group design. The search was conducted on 6 September 2022 with no restrictions as to date or language. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled studies. From a pool of 37,235 potentially relevant articles, 17 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Most of the experimental studies revealed the beneficial effects of recreational soccer for improving aerobic fitness and its benefits in terms of blood pressure and heart-rate markers. However, body composition was not significantly improved by recreational soccer. The main results revealed that recreational soccer training programs that are implemented twice a week could improve the generality of physical fitness parameters and beneficially impact cardiovascular health and biomarkers. Thus, recreational soccer meets the conditions for being included in the physical education curriculum as a good strategy for the benefit of the general health of children and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3WA, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania
| | - Gibson Praça
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3000-248 Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Latorre-Román PA, Floody PD, Martínez-Redondo M, Salas-Sánchez J, Consuegra-González PJ, Aragón-Vela J, Robles-Fuentes A, Sarabia-Cachadiña E, Párraga-Montilla JA. Comprehensive cardiac evaluation to maximal exercise in a contemporary population of prepubertal children. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:526-535. [PMID: 34718350 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate (HR) is a biomarker used to measure physiological function, health status and cardiovascular autonomic function. The purpose of this study was to determine sex- and age-specific reference values for cardiac autonomic function at rest, during maximal exercise and the recovery phase in prepubertal children. METHODS Five hundred and twelve healthy children 7-11 years of age performed a Léger test. A heart RR-interval monitor recorded the heart data and a specific software analysed the cardiac autonomic response through HR and HR variability (HRV). It analysed HR before the test (resting HR, RHR), during the test (HRpeak) and HR recovery (HRR) in the first minute (HRR1) and the fifth minute (HRR5). The values are mean ± SD. RESULTS Collectively, 91.2% of girls and 92.3% of boys were within the recommended ranges regarding RHR. The average HRpeak was 199 ± 10.83 b.p.m. and 96.8% of girls and 95.3% of boys were within the minimum threshold value recommended (180 b.p.m.). Boys showed lower values of RHR than girls (p < 0.001) and larger values of HRR 1 and HRR5 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively provides a reference set of data for the most important HR variables that can be obtained during exercise testing in prepubertal children regarding age and sex and in a field setting. IMPACT This is the first study to provide reference values of autonomic cardiac function at rest, during maximal exercise and during the recovery period in prepubertal children aged 7-11 years. Despite the early age of participants, cardiorespiratory fitness, RHR and HRR are different according to sex. Aerobic performance and HRpeak have a negative correlation with body mass index and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Delgado Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Elena Sarabia-Cachadiña
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Cardenal Spínola-CEU University Studies Center (Seville), Seville, Spain
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11
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Stembridge M, Perkins DR. Response to letter by Grendstad and Skattebo: Puberty, more important for cardiovascular adaptations than endurance training? J Physiol 2022; 600:2819-2821. [PMID: 35503732 DOI: 10.1113/jp283131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D R Perkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Petrušič T, Trajković N, Bogataj Š. Twelve-Week Game-Based School Intervention Improves Physical Fitness in 12-14-Year-Old Girls. Front Public Health 2022; 10:831424. [PMID: 35223743 PMCID: PMC8863652 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.831424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a twelve-week game-based school intervention on physical fitness in girls aged 12–14 years. Fifty-nine adolescent girls (13.2 ± 0.3 years) were randomly assigned to a group that participated in a game-based after-school program (EXP) or a control group (CON) that participated only in mandatory physical education. The EXP group had the additional program twice a week after school for 40 min/session for 12 weeks alongside with regular physical education classes. The EXP program consisted mainly of small-sided games of football, basketball, handball, and volleyball. The assessment included a physical fitness assessment with standardized tests for this age group: countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, bent arm hang, overhead medicine ball throw, sit-ups for 30 s, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). There was a significant interaction between group (EXP vs. CON) and time (pre-test vs. post-test) for the standing long jump (p < 0.001), overhead medicine ball throw (p < 0.001), 30 s sit-ups (p = 0.030), bent- arm hang (p < 0.001), and YYIRT1 score (p = 0.004). In addition, a significant main effect was found for time in countermovement jump (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the after-school game-based intervention significantly improves adolescent girls' physical fitness compared to regular physical education. The overall conclusion suggests that as few as two additional sessions per week are sufficient to produce significant changes in physical fitness in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Petrušič
- Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Špela Bogataj
- University Medical Centre, Department of Nephrology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Perkins DR, Talbot JS, Lord RN, Dawkins TG, Baggish AL, Zaidi A, Uzun O, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Cooper SM, Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Shave RE, Stembridge M. The influence of maturation on exercise-induced cardiac remodelling and haematological adaptation. J Physiol 2021; 600:583-601. [PMID: 34935156 DOI: 10.1113/jp282282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS It has long been hypothesised that cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training is augmented following puberty. We investigated whether differences in cardiac and haematological variables exist, and to what extent, between endurance-trained vs. untrained, pre- and post-peak height velocity (PHV) children, and how these central factors relate to maximal oxygen consumption. Using echocardiography to quantify left ventricular (LV) morphology and carbon monoxide rebreathing to determine blood volume and haemoglobin mass, we identified that training-related differences in LV morphology are evident in pre-PHV children, with haematological differences also observed between pre-PHV girls. However, the breadth and magnitude of cardiovascular remodelling was more pronounced post-PHV. Cardiac and haematological measures provide significant predictive models for maximal oxygen consumption in children that are much stronger post-PHV, suggesting that other important determinants within the oxygen transport chain could account for the majority of variance in before puberty. ABSTRACT Cardiovascular and haematological adaptations to endurance training facilitate greater maximal oxygen consumption, and such adaptations maybe augmented following puberty. Therefore, we compared left ventricular (LV) morphology (echocardiography), blood volume, haemoglobin (Hb) mass (CO-rebreathe) and in endurance-trained and untrained boys (n = 42, age = 9.0-17.1 years, = 61.6±7.2 mL∙kg∙min, and n = 31, age = 8.0-17.7 years, O2max = 46.5±6.1 mL∙kg∙min, respectively) and girls (n = 45, age = 8.2-17.0 years, O2max = 51.4±5.7 mL∙kg∙min and n = 36, age = 8.0-17.6 years, O2max = 39.8±5.7 mL∙kg∙min, respectively). Pubertal stage was estimated via maturity offset, with participants classified as pre- or post-peak height velocity (PHV). Pre-PHV, only a larger LV end-diastolic volume/lean body mass (EDV/LBM) for trained boys (+0.28 mL∙kgLBM , P = 0.007) and a higher Hb mass/LBM for trained girls (+1.65 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.007) were evident compared to untrained controls. Post-PHV, LV mass/LBM (boys:+0.50 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.0003; girls:+0.35 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.003), EDV/LBM (boys:+0.35 mL∙kgLBM , P<0.0001; girls:+0.31 mL∙kgLBM, P = 0.0004), blood volume/LBM (boys:+12.47 mL∙kgLBM , P = 0.004; girls:+13.48 mL∙kgLBM , P = 0.0002.) and Hb mass/LBM (boys:+1.29 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.015; girls:+1.47 g∙kgLBM , P = 0.002) were all greater in trained vs. untrained groups. Pre-PHV, EDV (R2 adj = 0.224, P = 0.001) in boys, and Hb mass and interventricular septal thickness (R2 adj = 0.317, P = 0.002) in girls partially accounted for the variance in O2max . Post-PHV, stronger predictive models were evident via the inclusion of LV wall thickness and EDV in boys (R2 adj = 0.608, P<0.0001), and posterior wall thickness and Hb mass in girls (R2 adj = 0.490, P<0.0001). In conclusion, cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training is more pronounced post-PHV, with evidence for a greater role of central components for oxygen delivery. Abstract figure legend: Schematic diagram depicting cardiac structural and haematological differences between trained and untrained boys and girls, pre-peak height velocity (PHV) and post-PHV alongside cardiac and haematological variables contributions to the variance in O2max . Cardiac and haematological variables are greater in trained vs. untrained pre-pubertal children, and a greater number and magnitude of differences are observed at post-PHV. These variables provide significant predictive models for maximal oxygen consumption in children and are much stronger post-PHV, suggesting that other important determinants within the oxygen transport chain could account for the majority of variance in O2max before puberty. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean R Perkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jack S Talbot
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel N Lord
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tony G Dawkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Abbas Zaidi
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Orhan Uzun
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen-Mark Cooper
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rob E Shave
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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14
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Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115663. [PMID: 34070639 PMCID: PMC8199297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs. 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs. 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs. 4 (M4) and 5 vs. 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs. 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4; 1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6; 2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.
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15
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Guillem CM, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Rebullido TR, Faigenbaum AD, Chulvi-Medrano I. The Effects of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217900. [PMID: 33126545 PMCID: PMC7663568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m2). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): −0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.03), P = 0.03; I2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: −1.09 mmHg (95% CI: −3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: −0.93 mmHg (95% CI: −2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I2 = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Miguel Guillem
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | | | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE (Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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Larsen MN, Madsen M, Nielsen CM, Manniche V, Hansen L, Bangsbo J, Krustrup P, Hansen PR. Cardiovascular adaptations after 10 months of daily 12-min bouts of intense school-based physical training for 8-10-year-old children. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:813-817. [PMID: 32497586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined cardiovascular adaptations in 8-10-year-old schoolchildren after a full school year (10 months) of 5 × 12 min/wk. of intense physical training, including small-sided ball games (soccer, basketball and floorball) or interval running. The study involved 8-10-year-old healthy Danish schoolchildren (n = 232), who were cluster-randomized to a small-sided games group (SSG, n = 60), an interval running group (IR, n = 57) or a control group (CON, n = 115). Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, resting heart rate and blood pressure measurements were performed at baseline and post intervention. For interval running, analysis of baseline-to-10-months changes showed significant (P < 0.05) between-group differences in delta scores for diastolic blood pressure (BP) and mean arterial BP (IR -3.2 ± 5.7 and - 2.2 ± 6.5 mmHg vs. CON 0.2 ± 5.3 and 0.4 ± 6.4 mmHg, respectively). Delta scores also showed a trend for reduction of mean arterial BP in SSG compared to CON (-2.1 ± 6.0 vs. 0.2 ± 5.3 mmHg, P = 0.067). Moreover, there were between-group differences in delta scores (P < 0.05) for selected echocardiographic parameters, i.e. in SSG vs. CON for interventricular septum thickness and peak transmitral flow velocity in early diastole, and in IR vs. CON for left ventricular systolic diameter. In conclusion, 10 months of 5 × 12 min/wk. of IR in 8-10-year-old children decreased diastolic BP, while both IR and SSG elicited cardiac adaptations. The results suggest that frequent low volume, intense physical training can have effects on the cardiovascular health profile in healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Malta Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:787-795. [PMID: 32323117 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sports are an important way to improve health during adolescence. However, it is still unclear whether the association between sports, blood pressure, and metabolic profile could be affected by sex, biological maturation, and trunk fatness. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sports participation and the cluster of cardiovascular markers among adolescents of both sexes. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 285 adolescents aged from 11 to 17 years of age (202 boys and 83 girls). Cardiovascular variables were composed of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), and carotid (CIMT) and femoral (FIMT) intima-media thickness, which were used to calculate the CardiovascularZ score. Sports participation was assessed through a face-to-face interview. Age of peak height velocity (APHV) was used as a covariate. RESULTS Among girls, the group engaged in sports presented lower values of RHR (sport: - 0.344 [95% CI - 0.650 to - 0.037] versus non-sport: 0.540 [95% CI 0.125 to 0.954]) and CardiovascularZ score (sport: - 0.585 [95% CI - 1.329 to 0.159] versus non-sport: 0.879 [95% CI - 0.127 to 1.884]), explaining 12.2% and 6.1% of all variance, respectively. Among boys, the group engaged in sports presented lower values of DBP (sport: - 0.158 [95% CI - 0.335 to 0.018] versus non-sport: 0.160 [95% CI - 0.091 to 0.412]) and FIMT (sport: - 0.128 [95% CI - 0.300 to - 0.044] versus non-sport: 0.211 [95% CI - 0.032 to 0.454]), explaining 2.2% and 2.6% of all variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Adolescents engaged in sports presented healthier cardiovascular parameters, and sports participation seems to affect cardiovascular health differently in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wésley Torres
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil.
| | - Suziane Ungari Cayres-Santos
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Bexiga Urban
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel de Moraes-Chagas
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060900, Brazil
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19
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Torres W, Cayres-Santos SU, Urban JB, de Moraes-Chagas LG, Christofaro DGD, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA. Participation in Non-professional Sports and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study. Matern Child Health J 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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MOmoniyi MM, Afrifa D, Asamoah MA, Sarpong P, Sarpong E, Appiah PO, Akoto F. " AMPE" Exercise Programme Has Positive Effects on Anthropometric and Physiological Parameters of School Children: A Pilot Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2020; 30:143-146. [PMID: 32116443 PMCID: PMC7036453 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Projection of the effectiveness of house-hold physical activity may be a vital tool to improve active lifestyle. Although ampe is a common house-hold recreational physical activity among all population groups especially school children in Ghana, no empirical evidence of its effects on the anthropometric and physiological parameters of the children. This pilot study examined the effect of ampe exercise programme on the anthropometric and physiological parameters of school children. METHODS Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were applied to recruit 78 school children (ages of 9 to 12, mean age of 10.65±0.94 years). The participants attended 40 minutes of ampe exercise program three times per week, for four weeks consecutively. Body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio; % body fat, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured prepost training. RESULTS Ampe exercise programme produced positive effects on all parameters. Body weight (0.31%) and body mass index (0.58%) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure (3.15%), diastolic blood pressure (1.92%) and heart rate (2.13) significantly improved (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ampe exercise programme is effective as paediatric obesity house-hold intervention to provide the impetus for active lifestyles of school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses M MOmoniyi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Afrifa
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - M Anthony Asamoah
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Sarpong
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Sarpong
- Sports Unit, KNUST Basic School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P Opoku Appiah
- Sports Unit, KNUST Basic School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francisca Akoto
- Sports Unit, KNUST Basic School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Brito J, Williams CA, Randers MB. Executive summary: Recreational football training as medicine. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:74-76. [PMID: 30058232 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Craig A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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