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Patel SS, Chauhan HC, Kumar Sharma K, Patel AC, Bulbule NR, Raval SH, Shrimali MD, Kumar Mohapatra S, Patel HA. Genetic evolution of Newcastle Disease Virus sub-genotype VII.2 isolates, diagnosed from vaccinated poultry farms of Gujarat, India. Gene 2024; 930:148859. [PMID: 39151673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Newcastle disease was suspected in 37 commercial poultry farms, including 12 layer and 25 broiler farms in four districts of Gujarat, India. Vaccination had been done in 32 (20 broilers and 12 layers) farms. Tissue samples from each farm were pooled as one sample. In egg embryo inoculation, HA-HI and PCR, respectively, 32/37, 29/37, and 24/37 samples were found positive. Pathotyping by mean death time calculation and primer combination PCR revealed velogenic NDV, which was later confirmed with the presence of the 112-RRQKR*F-117 sequence at the F protein cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis of full F gene sequences (N=10) confirmed the presence of sub-genotype VII.2 in 9/10 sequences, and genotype II in one sample. These 9 sequences were only 0.7 to 2.6 % divergent with two VII.2 (=VIIi) sequences (HQ697254.1 chicken/Banjarmas/Indonesia and KU862293.1 Parakeet/Karachi/Pakistan) but had 2.2 to 3.6 % diversion from two VII.2 sequences (OR185447 and MZ546197) from India. Then branching was found from sequences of VIIh, VIIk (VII.2), and VIIa (VII.1.2), and then from sub-genotypes VII.1.1 and VII.1.2. Due to less than 5 % diversion, these sequences could not be qualified as new sub-genotype in evolutionary distance analysis. At the amino acid level, our sequences had aa N-T-I-A-L-T at 24-79-125-385-445-482. Whereas at the same positions, in most of the retrieved VII.2 sequences and vaccines, the sequence was S-A-V-T-Q/I- E/A. Two sequences revealed additional six and four amino acid differences,respectively.This indicates rapid continuous genetic evolution of sub-genotype VII.2 and partially explains vaccinal immunity escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipkumar S Patel
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Harshadkumar C Chauhan
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Kishan Kumar Sharma
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India.
| | - Arunkumar C Patel
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India; College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand, India
| | - Namdeo R Bulbule
- Poultry Diagnostic Research Center, Venkateshwara Hatcheries Limited, Pune, India
| | - Samir H Raval
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Mehul D Shrimali
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Mohapatra
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
| | - Harshkumar A Patel
- Passed Out M. V. Sc. Student, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, India
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Malarmathi M, Murali N, Selvaraju M, Sivakumar K, Gowthaman V, Raghavendran VB, Raja A, Peters SO, Thiruvenkadan AK. In Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:919. [PMID: 37508350 PMCID: PMC10376314 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is highly contagious and usually causes severe illness that affects Aves all over the world, including domestic poultry. Depending on the virus's virulence, it can impact the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and cause up to 100% mortality. The chIFITM genes are activated in response to viral infection. The current study was conducted to quantify the mRNA of chIFITM genes in vitro in response to ND viral infection. It also examined its ability to inhibit ND virus replication in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells of the Aseel and Kadaknath breeds. Results from the study showed that the expression of all chIFITM genes was significantly upregulated throughout the period in the infected CEF cells of both breeds compared to uninfected CEF cells. In CEF cells of the Kadaknath breed, elevated levels of expression of the chIFITM3 gene dramatically reduced ND viral growth, and the viral load was 60% lower than in CEF cells of the Aseel breed. The expression level of the chIFITMs in Kadaknath ranged from 2.39 to 11.68 log2 folds higher than that of control CEFs and was consistently (p < 0.01) higher than Aseel CEFs. Similar to this, theIFN-γ gene expresses strongly quickly and peaks at 13.9 log2 fold at 48 hpi. Based on these cellular experiments, the Kadaknath breed exhibits the potential for greater disease tolerance than Aseel. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of disease resistance mechanisms in chickens, further research involving in vivo investigations is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Malarmathi
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Nagarajan Murali
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Mani Selvaraju
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Karuppusamy Sivakumar
- Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Vasudevan Gowthaman
- Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | | | - Angamuthu Raja
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal 637 002, India
| | - Sunday O Peters
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
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Rajkhowa TK, Zodinpuii D, Bhutia LD, Islam SJ, Gogoi A, Hauhnar L, Kiran J, Choudhary OP. Emergence of a novel genotype of class II New Castle Disease virus in North Eastern States of India. Gene 2023; 864:147315. [PMID: 36842725 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of New Castle Disease from three north eastern states of India were confirmed by clinico-pathological examination followed by reverse transcription-PCR detection of F gene of ND Virus (NDV). Irrespective of vaccination, the outbreaks resulted 90-100% mortality in the affected flocks. The analysis of fusion protein sequences from ten field isolates revealed them as the velogenic or highly virulent strain. Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete F gene nucleotide sequences of the isolates have characterized only one of the isolate (OK149201) in the genotype XIII.2.2. The rest of the nine isolates are depicted in a distinct monophyletic group with average nucleotide distances from the other 20 genotypes ranged from 10.90 - 20.70. The nine isolates were further divided into two sub branches with the bootstrap support value of 100% at the nodes that define the two subgroups with an average evolutionary nucleotide distance of 6.00between the isolates in the two subgroups. As per the recommendation put forth in recently updated unified phylogenetic classification system for NDV, our findings clearly indicates emergence of a novel genotype of class II NDV in the biodiversity hot spot region of NER, India. The isolates in the newly identified genotype is designated with next available Roman numerals XXII. Further, the two subgroups within the genotype are designated as XXII.1 and XXII.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India.
| | - Doris Zodinpuii
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | | | - Sikder Jabidur Islam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | - Amrit Gogoi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Jalukie, Peren, Nagaland 797110, India
| | - Lalthapuii Hauhnar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | - J Kiran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014, India
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Kumar BA, Panickan S, Bindu S, Kumar V, Ramakrishnan S, Sonal, Shrivastava S, Dandapat S. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine encapsulated in poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102679. [PMID: 37116285 PMCID: PMC10160591 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunization experiment was conducted in specific pathogen-free chickens with the inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine encapsulated in the poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP) to evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The NDV vaccine was prepared by inactivating one virulent Indian strain of NDV belonging to Genotype VII by using beta-propiolactone. PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating inactivated NDV were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy and zeta sizer analysis revealed that the (PLGA+NDV) NP were spherical, with an average size of 300 nm, having a zeta potential of -6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were 72% and 2.4%, respectively. On immunization trial in chicken, the (PLGA+NDV) NP induced significantly (P < 0.0001) higher levels of HI and IgY antibodies with the peak HI titer of 28 and higher expression of IL-4 mRNA. The consistency of higher antibody levels suggests slow and pulsatile release of the antigens from the (PLGA+NDV) NP. The nano-NDV vaccine also induced cell mediated immunity with higher expression of IFN-γ indicating strong Th1 mediated immune responses in contrast to the commercial oil adjuvanted inactivated NDV vaccine. Further, the (PLGA+NDV) NP afforded 100% protection against the virulent NDV challenge. Our results suggested that PLGA NP have adjuvant potential on induction of humoral as well as Th1 biased cell mediated immune responses and also enhanced protective efficacy of the inactivated NDV vaccine. This study provides an insight for development of PLGA NP based inactivated NDV vaccine using the same genotype circulating in the field as well as for other avian diseases at exigencies.
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Deka P, Nath MK, Das S, Das BC, Phukan A, Lahkar D, Bora B, Shokeen K, Kumar A, Deka P. A study of risk factors associated with Newcastle disease and molecular characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus in backyard and commercial poultry in Assam, India. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:122-130. [PMID: 35816768 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) poses a persistent threat to the poultry industry. Recent increasing outbreaks of NDV in the North East region of India have highlighted the need to closely monitor and analyze the potential risk factors for Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks. In the present study, an attempt was made to genotype the circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the backyard and commercial poultry flocks in Assam, India. Sera samples from unvaccinated backyard poultry flocks and tissue samples of ND suspected cases were collected and tested for the presence of NDV antibodies using the Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. A total of seven NDV isolates were analyzed from different districts of Assam, India, both genotypically and pathotypically. All isolates were characterized as virulent, carrying 112RRKQRF117 amino acid residues at the cleavage site. As determined by phylogenetic analysis, the isolates clustered with members of genotype XIII of class II NDV. Further analysis of risk factors of ND occurrence was conducted through a questionnaire survey. All the results indicated an occurrence of genotype XIII of NDV in the farms with inadequate biosecurity and farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubaleem Deka
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Mrinal Kumar Nath
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sangeeta Das
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bipin Chandra Das
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Arabinda Phukan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Deepa Lahkar
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Birina Bora
- Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Shokeen
- Department of BSBE, IIT, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India.
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Ayala AJ, Haas LK, Williams BM, Fink SS, Yabsley MJ, Hernandez SM. Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e102. [PMID: 35508913 PMCID: PMC9128352 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Backyard chickens are increasingly popular, and their husbandry varies widely. How backyard chickens are housed may influence the accessibility of chicken feed and water to wild birds, and thus, the contact rates between both groups. Increased contacts have implications for pathogen transmission; for instance, Newcastle disease virus or avian influenza virus may be transmitted to and from backyard chickens from contaminated water or feed. Given this potentially increased pathogen risk to wild birds and backyard chickens, we examined which wild bird species are likely to encounter backyard chickens and their resources. We performed a supplemental feeding experiment followed by observations at three sites associated with backyard chickens in North Georgia, USA. At each site, we identified the species of wild birds that: (a) shared habitat with the chickens, (b) had a higher frequency of detection relative to other species and (c) encountered the coops. We identified 14 wild bird species that entered the coops to consume supplemental feed and were considered high-risk for pathogen transmission. Our results provide evidence that contact between wild birds and backyard chickens is frequent and more common than previously believed, which has crucial epidemiological implications for wildlife managers and backyard chicken owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Ayala
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - L. K. Haas
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - B. M. Williams
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - S. S. Fink
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - M. J. Yabsley
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S. M. Hernandez
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Puro K, Sen A. Newcastle Disease in Backyard Poultry Rearing in the Northeastern States of India: Challenges and Control Strategies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:799813. [PMID: 35464373 PMCID: PMC9021565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.799813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ravishankar C, Ravindran R, John AA, Divakar N, Chandy G, Joshi V, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Singh R, Sahoo N, Mor SK, Mahajan NK, Maan S, Jindal N, Schilling MA, Herzog CM, Basu S, Radzio-Basu J, Kapur V, Goyal SM. Detection of Newcastle disease virus and assessment of associated relative risk in backyard and commercial poultry in Kerala, India. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1146-1156. [PMID: 35199954 PMCID: PMC9122440 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important viral disease affecting the poultry industry. In Kerala, a state in South India, incidences of ND in commercial and backyard poultry have been reported. But a systematic statewide study on the prevalence of the disease has not been carried out. Objectives A cross‐sectional survey was performed to detect the presence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in suspect cases and among apparently healthy commercial flocks and backyard poultry, in the state and to identify risk factors for NDV infection. Methods Real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to detect the M gene of NDV in choanal swabs and tissue samples collected from live and dead birds, respectively and the results were statistically analysed. Results The predominant clinical signs of the examined birds included mild respiratory signs, huddling together and greenish diarrhoea. Nervous signs in the form of torticollis were noticed in birds in some of the affected flocks. On necropsy, many birds had haemorrhages in the proventriculus and caecal tonsils which were suggestive of ND. Of the 2079 samples tested, 167 (8.0%) were positive for the NDV M‐gene by RT‐PCR. Among 893 samples collected from diseased flocks, 129 (14.5%), were positive for M gene with pairwise relative risk (RR) of 15.6 as compared to apparently healthy flocks where 6 out of 650 (0.9%) samples were positive. All positive samples were from poultry; none of the ducks, pigeons, turkey and wild birds were positive. Commercial broilers were at higher risk of infection than commercial layers (RR: 4.5) and backyard poultry (RR: 4.9). Similarly, birds reared under intensive housing conditions were at a higher risk of being infected as compared to those reared under semi‐intensive (RR: 6.7) or backyard housing (RR: 2.1). Multivariable analysis indicated that significantly higher risk of infection exists during migratory season and during ND outbreaks occurring nearby. Further, lower risk was observed with flock vaccination and backyard or semi‐intensive housing when compared to intensive housing. When the M gene positive samples were tested by RT‐PCR to determine whether the detected NDV were mesogenic/velogenic, 7 (4.2%) were positive. Conclusions In Kerala, NDV is endemic in poultry with birds reared commercially under intensive rearing systems being affected the most. The outcome of this study also provides a link between epidemiologic knowledge and the development of successful disease control measures. Statistical analysis suggests that wild bird migration season and presence of migratory birds influences the prevalence of the virus in the State. Further studies are needed to genotype and sub‐genotype the detected viruses and to generate baseline data on the prevalence of NDV strains, design better detection strategies, and determine patterns of NDV transmission across domestic poultry and wild bird populations in Kerala. A study was carried out to detect Newcastle disease virus in commercial and backyard chicken in Kerala, India, by employing real time RT‐PCR. The overall percentage positivity obtained was 8%. Risk analysis revealed significantly higher risk for broiler birds and intensive type of housing. The risk was also higher for birds housed in facilities in areas with a history of occurrence of the disease, if migratory birds were present in the area, and during bird migration season. It was also observed that vaccination had a protective effect as indicated by lower relative risk values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Rajasekhar Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Anneth Alice John
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Nithin Divakar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - George Chandy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Vinay Joshi
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Nand K Mahajan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Megan A Schilling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Saurabh Basu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Nedeljković G, Mazija H, Cvetić Ž, Jergović M, Bendelja K, Gottstein Ž. Comparison of Chicken Immune Responses to Immunization with Vaccine La Sota or ZG1999HDS Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010072. [PMID: 35054464 PMCID: PMC8778274 DOI: 10.3390/life12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease. Global control of ND is mainly based on vaccination of poultry; however, reported outbreaks of ND in vaccinated flocks indicate a constant need to re-evaluate the existing vaccines and a development of the new ones. In this study, 4-week-old male chickens of the layer commercial hybrid were immunized oculonasally with a commercial NDV live La Sota vaccine (LS group), a suspension of lyophilized NDV strain ZG1999HDS (ZG group), or saline (Control (K) group). Antibody response was determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was characterized by immunophenotyping of leukocyte's and T-lymphocyte's subpopulations (flow cytometry). Applied NDV strains did not cause any adverse reaction in treated chickens. Both strains induced the significantly higher HI antibody response in comparison to the control group, and overall antibody titer was higher in ZG group than in LS group. CMI, manifested as a higher proliferation of B- and T-helper cells, yielded better results in the ZG groups than in the LS group. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the strain ZG1999HDS is immunogenic and is a suitable candidate for further research and development of poultry vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedeljković
- Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate General, Ministry of Agriculture, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (Ž.G.)
| | - Hrvoje Mazija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Željko Cvetić
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Željko Gottstein
- Department of Poultry Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (Ž.G.)
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Nooruzzaman M, Mumu TT, Kabiraj CK, Hasnat A, Rahman MM, Chowdhury EH, Dimitrov KM, Islam MR. Genetic and biological characterization of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in Bangladesh during 2010-2017: further genetic diversification of class II genotype XIII in Southcentral Asia. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33507145 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is endemic in Bangladesh and is a major threat to commercial poultry operations. While complete fusion (F) genes are recommended for molecular characterization and classification of NDV isolates, heretofore, only partial F gene data have been available for Bangladeshi NDVs. To this end, we obtained the full-length F gene coding sequences of 11 representative NDVs isolated in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2017. In addition, one of the viruses (MK934289/chicken/Bangladesh/C161/2010) was used in an experimental infection of chickens to establish the viral pathotype and study gross and microscopic lesions. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that all studied Bangladeshi isolates belong to genotype XIII.2 of class II NDVs. Six of the viruses were isolated between 2010 and 2017 and grouped together with isolates from neighbouring India during 2013-2016. Another four Bangladeshi isolates (2010-2016) formed a separate monophyletic branch within XIII.2 and showed high nucleotide distance from the isolates from India and the other six Bangladeshi viruses within the sub-genotype; however, none of these groups fulfils all classification criteria to be named as a separate sub-genotype. The eleventh Bangladeshi virus studied here (C162) was genetically more distant from the remaining isolates. It out-grouped the viruses from sub-genotypes XIII.2.1 and XIII.2.2 and showed more than 9.5 % nucleotide distance from all genotype XIII sub-genotypes. This isolate may represent an NDV variant that is evolving independently from the other viruses in the region. The experimental infection in chickens revealed that the tested isolate (C161) is a velogenic viscerotropic virus. Massive haemorrhages, congestion and necrosis in different visceral organs, and lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues, typical for infection with velogenic NDV, were observed. Our findings demonstrate the endemic circulation of sub-genotype XIII.2 in Southcentral Asia and further genetic diversification of these viruses in Bangladesh and neighbouring India. This constant evolution of the viruses may lead to the establishment of new genetic groups in the region. Additional historical and prospective virus and surveillance data from the region and neighbouring countries will allow a more detailed epidemiological inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjin Tamanna Mumu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Congriev Kumar Kabiraj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Azmary Hasnat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd, College Station, TX 77843-4471, USA
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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11
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Dimitrov KM, Abolnik C, Afonso CL, Albina E, Bahl J, Berg M, Briand FX, Brown IH, Choi KS, Chvala I, Diel DG, Durr PA, Ferreira HL, Fusaro A, Gil P, Goujgoulova GV, Grund C, Hicks JT, Joannis TM, Torchetti MK, Kolosov S, Lambrecht B, Lewis NS, Liu H, Liu H, McCullough S, Miller PJ, Monne I, Muller CP, Munir M, Reischak D, Sabra M, Samal SK, Servan de Almeida R, Shittu I, Snoeck CJ, Suarez DL, Van Borm S, Wang Z, Wong FYK. Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 74:103917. [PMID: 31200111 PMCID: PMC6876278 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and differentiation. These systems pioneered classification efforts; however, they were based on different approaches and lacked objective criteria for the differentiation of isolates. These differences have created discrepancies among systems, rendering discussions and comparisons across studies difficult. Although a system that used objective classification criteria was proposed by Diel and co-workers in 2012, the ample worldwide circulation and constant evolution of NDV, and utilization of only some of the criteria, led to identical naming and/or incorrect assigning of new sub/genotypes. To address these issues, an international consortium of experts was convened to undertake in-depth analyses of NDV genetic diversity. This consortium generated curated, up-to-date, complete fusion gene class I and class II datasets of all known NDV for public use, performed comprehensive phylogenetic neighbor-Joining, maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and nucleotide distance analyses, and compared these inference methods. An updated NDV classification and nomenclature system that incorporates phylogenetic topology, genetic distances, branch support, and epidemiological independence was developed. This new consensus system maintains two NDV classes and existing genotypes, identifies three new class II genotypes, and reduces the number of sub-genotypes. In order to track the ancestry of viruses, a dichotomous naming system for designating sub-genotypes was introduced. In addition, a pilot dataset and sub-trees rooting guidelines for rapid preliminary genotype identification of new isolates are provided. Guidelines for sequence dataset curation and phylogenetic inference, and a detailed comparison between the updated and previous systems are included. To increase the speed of phylogenetic inference and ensure consistency between laboratories, detailed guidelines for the use of a supercomputer are also provided. The proposed unified classification system will facilitate future studies of NDV evolution and epidemiology, and comparison of results obtained across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Albina
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; ASTRE CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francois-Xavier Briand
- ANSES, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National reference laboratory for avian Influenza and Newcastle disease, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Ian H Brown
- OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA -Weybridge), Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilya Chvala
- Federal Governmental Budgetary Institution, Federal Centre for Animal Health, FGI ARRIAH, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease, Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Peter A Durr
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA; University of Sao Paulo, ZMV, FZEA, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Patricia Gil
- ASTRE CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriela V Goujgoulova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, 15 Pencho Slaveikov blvd., Sofia 1606, Bulgaria
| | - Christian Grund
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Joseph T Hicks
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tony M Joannis
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenzas and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostics and Biologics, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Sergey Kolosov
- Federal Governmental Budgetary Institution, Federal Centre for Animal Health, FGI ARRIAH, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Bénédicte Lambrecht
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, SCIENSANO, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicola S Lewis
- OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA -Weybridge), Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center (CAHEC), 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Sam McCullough
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
| | - Patti J Miller
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Claude P Muller
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Dilmara Reischak
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuário, Campinas, SP 13100-105, Brazil
| | - Mahmoud Sabra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Renata Servan de Almeida
- ASTRE CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenzas and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David L Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, SCIENSANO, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center (CAHEC), 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Frank Y K Wong
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
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