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Dvořák Tomaštíková E, Vaculíková J, Štenclová V, Kaduchová K, Pobořilová Z, Paleček JJ, Pecinka A. The interplay of homology-directed repair pathways in the repair of zebularine-induced DNA-protein crosslinks in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38824612 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are highly toxic DNA lesions represented by proteins covalently bound to the DNA. Persisting DPCs interfere with fundamental genetic processes such as DNA replication and transcription. Cytidine analog zebularine (ZEB) has been shown to crosslink DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (MET1). Recently, we uncovered a critical role of the SMC5/6-mediated SUMOylation in the repair of DPCs. In an ongoing genetic screen, we identified two additional candidates, HYPERSENSITIVE TO ZEBULARINE 2 and 3, that were mapped to REGULATOR OF TELOMERE ELONGATION 1 (RTEL1) and polymerase TEBICHI (TEB), respectively. By monitoring the growth of hze2 and hze3 plants in response to zebularine, we show the importance of homologous recombination (HR) factor RTEL1 and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) polymerase TEB in the repair of MET1-DPCs. Moreover, genetic interaction and sensitivity assays showed the interdependency of SMC5/6 complex, HR, and MMEJ in the homology-directed repair of MET1-DPCs in Arabidopsis. Altogether, we provide evidence that MET1-DPC repair in plants is more complex than originally expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dvořák Tomaštíková
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vaculíková
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Štenclová
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kaduchová
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pobořilová
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
| | - Jan J Paleček
- Faculty of Science, National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, Olomouc, 77900, Czech Republic
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Huang J, Ma S, Zhou M, Liu Z, Liang Q. Cytochemical localization and synthesis mechanism of the glucomannan in pseudobulbs of Bletilla striata Reichb. f. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae092. [PMID: 38799126 PMCID: PMC11116825 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The dried pseudobulbs of Bletilla striata, an important traditional Chinese medicine named BaiJi, have an extraordinary polysaccharide content and excellent prospects for medicinal effects. However, the distribution and molecular mechanism underlying biosynthesis are poorly understood. In this study, chemical and immunologic analyses were performed in representative tissues of B. striata, and the results showed that what are conventionally termed Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs) are water-soluble polysaccharides deposited only in pseudobulbs. The structural component of BSPs is glucomannan, with a mannose:glucose mass ratio of ~3:2. BSPs are present in the parenchyma of the pseudobulbs in cells known as glucomannan idioblasts and distributed in the cytoplasm within cellular membranes, but are not contained in the vacuole. Comparative transcriptomics and bioinformatics analyses mapped the pathway from sucrose to BSP and identified BsGPI, BsmanA, and BsCSLAs as the key genes of BSP biosynthesis, suggesting that the functional differentiation of the cellulose synthase-like family A (CSLA) may be critical for the flow of glucomannan to the BSP or cell wall. Subsequently, virus-mediated gene silencing showed that silencing of two CSLAs (Bs03G11846 and Bs03G11849) led to a decrease in BSP content, and yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation experiments confirmed that four CSLAs (Bs03G11846, Bs03G11847, Bs03G11848, and Bs03G11849) can form homo- or heterodimers, suggesting that multiple CSLAs may form a large complex that functions in BSP synthesis. Our results provide cytological evidence of BSP and describe the isolation and characterization of candidate genes involved in BSP synthesis, laying a solid foundation for further research on its regulation mechanisms and the genetic engineering breeding of B. striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi City 435002, China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Solihin E, Anwar S, Santosa DA, Nugroho B, Purwono, Sudirja R, Maulana H, Kamaluddin NN, Karuniawan A. Invertase-producing bacteria and the sweetness content dataset of Cilembu sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) grown in various agroecosystems. Data Brief 2024; 53:110086. [PMID: 38328290 PMCID: PMC10847477 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilembu sweet potato is one of Indonesia's leading agricultural commodities. The high carbohydrate content in sweet potatoes has the potential to change into sugar (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) during storage. The level of sweetness is one of the characteristics that determines the quality of sweet potatoes. The sweetness level of sweet potatoes is influenced by various factors, including genetics, environment, and their interactions. Apart from that, the role of invertase-producing bacteria in breaking down carbohydrates into sugars is very important. Information regarding the number of invertase-producing bacteria in Cilembu sweet potatoes and their activity during storage is still limited. This research aimed to determine the number and activity of invertase-producing bacteria in Cilembu sweet potatoes and estimate the relationship between activity and total invertase-producing bacteria during storage of Cilembu sweet potatoes. The results showed significant differences between the number and activity of invertase-producing bacteria at each storage time. There is a relationship between sugar levels and invertase-producing bacteria. Sucrose levels had a negative and significant correlation with fructose levels (-0.56) and invertase-producing bacteria (-0.58). Glucose levels were significantly and positively correlated with fructose levels (0.91) and invertase-producing bacteria (0.88). Fructose levels also significantly and positively correlated with invertase-producing bacteria (0.95). This information can be used as a reference in determining the quality of sweet potatoes directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eso Solihin
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Departement of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Syaiful Anwar
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Andreas Santosa
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Budi Nugroho
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Purwono
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rija Sudirja
- Departement of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Haris Maulana
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin
- Departement of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Agung Karuniawan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Mao T, Zhang Y, Xue W, Jin Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhuo S, Gao F, Su Y, Yu C, Guo X, Sheng Y, Zhang J, Zhang H. Identification, characterisation and expression analysis of peanut sugar invertase genes reveal their vital roles in response to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:30. [PMID: 38195770 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Sucrose invertase activity is positively related to osmotic and salt stress resistance in peanut. Sucrose invertases (INVs) have important functions in plant growth and response to environmental stresses. However, their biological roles in peanut are still not fully revealed. In this research, we identified 42 AhINV genes in the peanut genome. They were highly conserved and clustered into three groups with 24 segmental duplication events occurred under purifying selection. Transcriptional expression analysis exhibited that they were all ubiquitously expressed, and most of them were up-regulated by osmotic and salt stresses, with AhINV09, AhINV23 and AhINV19 showed the most significant up-regulation. Further physiochemical analysis showed that the resistance of peanut to osmotic and salt stress was positively related to the high sugar content and sucrose invertase activity. Our results provided fundamental information on the structure and evolutionary relationship of INV gene family in peanut and gave theoretical guideline for further functional study of AhINV genes in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenwen Xue
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengjie Zhuo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanping Su
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuting Sheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 21 Zhichubei Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong Province, China.
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Khattak WA, He J, Sun J, Ali I, Bilal W, Zahoor, Khan KA, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Foliar melatonin ameliorates drought-induced alterations in enzyme activities of sugar and nitrogen metabolisms in cotton leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14011. [PMID: 37882261 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Sugar and nitrogen metabolisms help plants maintain cellular homeostasis, stress tolerance, and sustainable growth in drought conditions. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and signaling molecule, appears to mitigate the negative impacts of drought on plants. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of foliar-applied melatonin in ameliorating drought-induced alterations in leaf sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activities during cotton flowering and boll formation. To date, no study has examined drought-induced sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activity changes in cotton treated with foliar melatonin. Drought levels (FC1 = 75 ± 5%, FC2 = 60 ± 5%, and FC3 = 45 ± 5%) were maintained between 3 and 35 days after flowering (DAF), and melatonin (M) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol L-1 ) were applied at 3 and 21 DAF in a completely randomized design. M100 concentrations at low FC levels significantly enhanced leaf sugar and N-metabolic enzyme activities, such as sucrose synthase (65.56%) and glutamine synthetase (55.24%), compared to plants not treated with melatonin; peaking between 7 and 21 DAF and declining gradually with crop growth. Moreover, the M100 concentrations at all FC levels, particularly FC3, significantly increased the relative expression of GhSusB, GhSusC, SPS1, and SPS3 genes, indicating that melatonin improves leaf sugar and N-metabolism enzymatic activities under drought stress. Therefore, applying M100 concentrations to cotton foliage under FC3 conditions during reproductive stages improves leaf water status, sugar, and N-metabolism enzyme activities, demonstrating melatonin's potent anti-stress, osmoregulatory, and growth-promoting properties in overcoming drought stress in cotton crops. Future research into the molecular mechanisms of melatonin-mediated sugar and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in cotton leaves may lead to biotechnological methods to improve drought resilience in cotton and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali Khattak
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Bilal
- Agricultural Research Institute, Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wu X, Wu Z, Ju X, Fan Y, Yang C, Han Y, Chen W, Tang D, Lv C, Cao Q, Wang J, Zhang K. IbInvInh2, a novel invertase inhibitor in sweet potato, regulates starch content through post-translational regulation of vacuolar invertase IbβFRUCT2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107815. [PMID: 37301188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a key enzyme in the starch and sugar metabolic pathways in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), the vacuolar invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) IbβFRUCT2 is involved in partitioning and modulating the starch and sugar components of the storage root. However, the post-translational regulation of its invertase activity remains unclear. In this study, we identified three invertase inhibitors, IbInvInh1, IbInvInh2, and IbInvInh3, as potential interaction partners of IbβFRUCT2. All were found to act as vacuolar invertase inhibitors (VIFs) and belonged to the plant invertase/pectin methyl esterase inhibitor superfamily. Among the three VIFs, IbInvInh2 is a novel VIF in sweet potato and was confirmed to be an inhibitor of IbβFRUCT2. The N-terminal domain of IbβFRUCT2 and the Thr39 and Leu198 sites of IbInvInh2 were predicted to be engaged in their interactions. The transgenic expression of IbInvInh2 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants reduced the starch content of leaves, while its expression in the Ibβfruct2-expressing Arabidopsis plants increased the starch content of leaves, suggesting that the post-translational inhibition of IbβFRUCT2 activity by IbInvInh2 contributes to the regulation of the plant starch content. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel VIF in sweet potato and provide insights into the potential regulatory roles of the VIFs and invertase-VIF interaction in starch metabolism. These insights lay the foundation for using VIFs to improve the starch properties of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengdan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xisan Ju
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaobin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghui Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wanxia Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changwen Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Magner ET, Roy R, Freund Saxhaug K, Zambre A, Bruns K, Snell-Rood EC, Hampton M, Hegeman AD, Carter CJ. Post-secretory synthesis of a natural analog of iron-gall ink in the black nectar of Melianthus spp. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36880409 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The black nectar produced by Melianthus flowers is thought to serve as a visual attractant to bird pollinators, but the chemical identity and synthesis of the black pigment are unknown. A combination of analytical biochemistry, transcriptomics, proteomics, and enzyme assays was used to identify the pigment that gives Melianthus nectar its black color and how it is synthesized. Visual modeling of pollinators was also used to infer a potential function of the black coloration. High concentrations of ellagic acid and iron give the nectar its dark black color, which can be recapitulated through synthetic solutions containing only ellagic acid and iron(iii). The nectar also contains a peroxidase that oxidizes gallic acid to form ellagic acid. In vitro reactions containing the nectar peroxidase, gallic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and iron(iii) fully recreate the black color of the nectar. Visual modeling indicates that the black color is highly conspicuous to avian pollinators within the context of the flower. Melianthus nectar contains a natural analog of iron-gall ink, which humans have used since at least medieval times. This pigment is derived from an ellagic acid-Fe complex synthesized in the nectar and is likely involved in the attraction of passerine pollinators endemic to southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin T Magner
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 140 Gortner Lab, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 140 Gortner Lab, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Biology, St. Catherine University, St Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Katrina Freund Saxhaug
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Room 290 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Amod Zambre
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Bruns
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 140 Gortner Lab, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Emilie C Snell-Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Marshall Hampton
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Adrian D Hegeman
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 140 Gortner Lab, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Room 290 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Clay J Carter
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, 140 Gortner Lab, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Balduino HDK, Tunes P, Giordano E, Guarnieri M, Machado SR, Nepi M, Guimarães E. To each their own! Nectar plasticity within a flower mediates distinct ecological interactions. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plac067. [PMID: 36751365 PMCID: PMC9893873 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nuptial and extranuptial nectaries are involved in interactions with different animal functional groups. Nectar traits involved in pollination mutualisms are well known. However, we know little about those traits involved in other mutualisms, such as ant-plant interactions, especially when both types of nectaries are in the same plant organ, the flower. Here we investigated if when two types of nectaries are exploited by distinct functional groups of floral visitors, even being within the same plant organ, the nectar secreted presents distinct features that fit animal requirements. We compared nectar secretion dynamics, floral visitors and nectar chemical composition of both nuptial and extranuptial nectaries in natural populations of the liana Amphilophium mansoanum (Bignoniaceae). For that we characterized nectar sugar, amino acid and specialized metabolite composition by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nuptial nectaries were visited by three medium- and large-sized bee species and extranuptial nectaries were visited mainly by ants, but also by cockroaches, wasps and flies. Nuptial and extranuptial nectar differed regarding volume, concentration, milligrams of sugars per flower and secretion dynamics. Nuptial nectar was sucrose-dominated, with high amounts of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-aminobutyric acid and with theophylline-like alkaloid, which were all exclusive of nuptial nectar. Whereas extranuptial nectar was hexose-rich, had a richer and less variable amino acid chemical profile, with high amounts of serine and alanine amino acids and with higher amounts of the specialized metabolite tyramine. The nectar traits from nuptial and extranuptial nectaries differ in energy amount and nutritional value, as well as in neuroactive specialized metabolites. These differences seem to match floral visitors' requirements, since they exclusively consume one of the two nectar types and may be exerting selective pressures on the composition of the respective resources of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelise de Kassia Balduino
- Graduate Course in Plant Biology, São Paulo State University, 18618-689 Botucatu, Brazil
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, 18618-689 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Priscila Tunes
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, 18618-689 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Laboratory of Analytical Methods for Chemical Ecology - Plant Reproductive Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Guarnieri
- Laboratory of Analytical Methods for Chemical Ecology - Plant Reproductive Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Rodrigues Machado
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, 18618-689 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Laboratory of Analytical Methods for Chemical Ecology - Plant Reproductive Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Gao Y, Yao Y, Chen X, Wu J, Wu Q, Liu S, Guo A, Zhang X. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of sweet-acidic taste formation during pineapple fruit development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971506. [PMID: 36161024 PMCID: PMC9493369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is one of the most valuable subtropical fruit crop in the world. The sweet-acidic taste of the pineapple fruits is a major contributor to the characteristic of fruit quality, but its formation mechanism remains elusive. Here, targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed during the fruit developmental stages in two pineapple cultivars ("Comte de Paris" and "MD-2") to gain a global view of the metabolism and transport pathways involved in sugar and organic acid accumulation. Assessment of the levels of different sugar and acid components during fruit development revealed that the predominant sugar and organic acid in mature fruits of both cultivars was sucrose and citric acid, respectively. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis of metabolic phenotypes and gene expression profiling enabled the identification of 21 genes associated with sucrose accumulation and 19 genes associated with citric acid accumulation. The coordinated interaction of the 21 genes correlated with sucrose irreversible hydrolysis, resynthesis, and transport could be responsible for sucrose accumulation in pineapple fruit. In addition, citric acid accumulation might be controlled by the coordinated interaction of the pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA-to-citrate pathway, gamma-aminobutyric acid pathway, and tonoplast proton pumps in pineapple. These results provide deep insights into the metabolic regulation of sweetness and acidity in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Gao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Taixing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Taixing, China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Science Education, Zhanjiang Preschool Education College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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10
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Göttlinger T, Lohaus G. Comparative analyses of the metabolite and ion concentrations in nectar, nectaries, and leaves of 36 bromeliads with different photosynthesis and pollinator types. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987145. [PMID: 36092434 PMCID: PMC9459329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar contains mainly sugars as well as smaller amounts of amino acids and further compounds. The nectar composition varies between different plant species and it is related to the pollination type of the plant. In addition to this, other factors can influence the composition. Nectar is produced in and secreted from nectaries. A few models exist to explain the origin of nectar for dicotyl plant species, a complete elucidation of the processes, however, has not yet been achieved. This is particularly true for monocots or plant species with CAM photosynthesis. To get closer to such an elucidation, nectar, nectaries, and leaves of 36 bromeliad species were analyzed for sugars, starch, amino acids, and inorganic ions. The species studied include different photosynthesis types (CAM/C3), different pollination types (trochilophilous/chiropterophilous), or different live forms. The main sugars in nectar and nectaries were glucose, fructose, and sucrose, the total sugar concentration was about twofold higher in nectar than in nectaries, which suggests that sugars are actively transported from the nectaries into the nectar. The composition of amino acids in nectar is already determined in the nectaries, but the concentration is much lower in nectar than in nectaries, which suggests selective retention of amino acids during nectar secretion. The same applies to inorganic ions. Statistical analyses showed that the photosynthesis type and the pollination type can explain more data variation in nectar than in nectaries and leaves. Furthermore, the pollinator type has a stronger influence on the nectar or nectary composition than the photosynthesis type. Trochilophilous C3 plants showed significant correlations between the nitrate concentration in leaves and the amino acid concentration in nectaries and nectar. It can be assumed that the more nitrate is taken up, the more amino acids are synthesized in leaves and transported to the nectaries and nectar. However, chiropterophilous C3 plants show no such correlation, which means that the secretion of amino acids into the nectar is regulated by further factors. The results help understand the physiological properties that influence nectaries and nectar as well as the manner of metabolite and ion secretion from nectaries to nectar.
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Stevenson PC, Koch H, Nicolson SW, Brown MJF. Natural processes influencing pollinator health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210154. [PMID: 35491596 PMCID: PMC9062705 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from the last few decades indicates that pollinator abundance and diversity are at risk, with many species in decline. Anthropogenic impacts have been the focus of much recent work on the causes of these declines. However, natural processes, from plant chemistry, nutrition and microbial associations to landscape and habitat change, can also profoundly influence pollinator health. Here, we argue that these natural processes require greater attention and may even provide solutions to the deteriorating outlook for pollinators. Existing studies also focus on the decline of individuals and colonies and only occasionally at population levels. In the light of this we redefine pollinator health and argue that a top-down approach is required focusing at the ecological level of communities. We use examples from the primary research, opinion and review articles published in this special issue to illustrate how natural processes influence pollinator health, from community to individuals, and highlight where some of these processes could mitigate the challenges of anthropogenic and natural drivers of change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
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Nicolson SW. Sweet solutions: nectar chemistry and quality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210163. [PMID: 35491604 PMCID: PMC9058545 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectar, the main floral reward for pollinators, varies greatly in composition and concentration. The assumption that nectar quality is equivalent to its sugar (energy) concentration is too simple. Diverse non-sugar components, especially amino acids and secondary metabolites, play various roles in nutrition and health of pollinators. Many nectar compounds have indirect effects by altering the foraging behaviour of pollinators or protecting them from disease. This review also emphasizes the water component of nectar, often ignored because of evaporative losses and difficulties in sampling small nectar volumes. Nectar properties vary with environmental factors, pollinator visits and microbial contamination. Pollination mutualisms depend on the ability of insect and vertebrate pollinators to cope with and benefit from the variation and diversity in nectar chemistry. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W. Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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