1
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Zuo R, Kong L, Pang W, Jiang S. Halofuginone-guided nano-local therapy: Nano-thermosensitive hydrogels for postoperative metastatic canine mammary carcinoma with scar removal. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100241. [PMID: 38572023 PMCID: PMC10987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In female dogs, the highest morbidity and mortality rates cancer are the result of mammary adenocarcinoma, which presents with metastases in the lung. Other than early surgical removal, however, no special methods are available to treat mammary adenocarcinoma. Because human breast cancer and canine mammary carcinoma share clinical characteristics and heterogeneity, the canine model is a suitable spontaneous tumor model for breast cancer in humans. In this study, the physical swelling method was used to prepare halofuginone-loaded D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) polymer micelles nano-thermosensitive hydrogels (HTPM-gel). Furthermore, HTPM-gel was investigated via characterization, morphology, properties such as swelling experiment and in vitro release with reflecting its splendid nature. Moreover, HTPM-gel was further examined its capability to anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion. Ultimately, HTPM-gel was investigated for its in vivo anticancer activity in the post-operative metastatic and angiogenic canine mammary carcinoma. HTPM-gel presented spherical under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and represented grid structure under scanning electron microscope (SEM), with hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of 20.25 ± 2.5 nm and zeta potential (ZP) of 15.10 ± 1.82 mV. Additionally, HTPM-gel own excellent properties comprised of pH-dependent swelling behavior, sustained release behavior. To impede the migration, invasion, and proliferation of CMT-U27 cells, we tested the efficacy of HTPM-gel. Evaluation of in vivo anti-tumor efficacy demonstrates HTPM-gel exhibit a splendid anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenic ability, with exhibiting ideal biocompatibility. Notably, HTPM-gel also inhibited the scar formation in the healing process after surgery. In summary, HTPM-gel exhibited anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenic and scar repair features. According to the results of this study, HTPM-gel has encouraging clinical potential to treat tumors with multifunctional hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Zuo
- Animal-derived food safety innovation team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Province Key Lab of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lingqing Kong
- Animal-derived food safety innovation team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Province Key Lab of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Wanjun Pang
- Animal-derived food safety innovation team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Province Key Lab of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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2
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Kuruoglu FE, Ekici ZM, Nak D, Ozyigit MO, Kupeli ZA, Koca D. Investigation of efficacy of two different chemotherapy protocols used in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical stages II-IV canine malignant mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:284-294. [PMID: 38600051 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The first aim of this study is to demonstrate the clinical efficacy and reliability of two different neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) protocols consisting of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) and paclitaxel in dogs with clinical stages II-IV canine malignant mammary tumours (CMTs). Secondly, to determine the Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-positive and triple-negative molecular subtypes and their value in predicting clinical response to NAC in biopsy samples, and thirdly, to reveal the changes in Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), oestrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression levels induced by NAC. Thirty dogs with clinical stages II-IV CMTs (T1-3N0-1M0) according to the modified TNM system were included in the study. Dogs in group-1 (n = 15) AC combination and dogs in group-2 (n = 15) were administered paclitaxel. Partial response (PR) was the most common clinical response in both treatment groups (66.66% and 86.66%, respectively). There was no difference between the groups regarding clinical response parameters (p = .001). The rate of treatment responders was higher than the rate of non-responders in both groups (p < .001). The adverse effects observed in both groups were mostly limited to grades 1 and 2 and all were easy to manage. The most frequently detected molecular subtype was Luminal A (59.25%). Complete response (CR) was achieved in 33.33% of dogs with triple-negative CMT in the AC group and 14.29% of the Luminal A subtype in the paclitaxel group. Alterations in Ki-67, HER2, ER, and PgR expressions after chemotherapy were not statistically significant (p > .05). As a result, we have shown that these neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols are effective and safe alternative treatment options for CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikriye Ecem Kuruoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Merve Ekici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Nak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Musa Ozgur Ozyigit
- Department of Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Zehra Avci Kupeli
- Department of Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Davut Koca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterinary Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Agnoli C, Rimondi S, Ghisoni G, Guerra D, Tumbarello M, Perfetti S, Tirolo A, Marconato L. Spotlight on capecitabine for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of various origin: A retrospective study of 25 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:42-48. [PMID: 38037870 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Capecitabine, the oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, is indicated in people to treat various malignant epithelial cancers. In dogs, capecitabine has not been extensively evaluated. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate toxicity and preliminary efficacy of single agent capecitabine in dogs with advanced malignant epithelial cancers of any site, for which no effective therapy existed, conventional treatment failed or was declined. Capecitabine was administered orally at 750 mg/m2 from day 1 to 14, followed by 1-week rest period, given as 3-week cycles. Safety evaluation was performed after 2 cycles, and every 2-3 cycles thereafter. Tumour response was determined every 2-3 cycles. Twenty-five dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 6), lung papillary carcinoma (n = 4), anal sac adenocarcinoma (n = 3), colic adenocarcinoma (n = 2), and other individually represented epithelial cancers (n = 10) were included. Dogs received a median of 4 cycles (range, 2-43) for a median of 84 days (range, 42-913). Toxicity occurred in 17 (68.0%) dogs; the most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal, with the majority being self-resolving and of mild grade. Of the 22 dogs with macroscopic disease, 3 (13.6%) achieved partial remission, 16 (72.7%) were stable and 3 (13.6%) progressed; overall clinical benefit rate was 86.4%. Median progression-free interval was 93 days (95% CI 42-154; range, 1-521) and median tumour-specific survival was 273 days (95% CI 116-482; range 45-913). These findings suggest that capecitabine is an attractive option for the treatment of several types of carcinomas in dogs. Prospective studies are warranted to optimize the scheduling of capecitabine and confirm its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Rimondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ghisoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dina Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Tumbarello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Perfetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tirolo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Atmane MI, Vigneau AL, Beaudry F, Rico C, Boerboom D, Paquet M. Therapeutic trial of fluvastatin in a cell line xenograft model of canine mammary gland cancer. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:634-645. [PMID: 37709554 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway is involved in breast cancer and canine mammary tumour (CMT). This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of fluvastatin on the Hippo pathway and its main effectors, YAP and TAZ, in vivo in a murine CMT cell line xenograft model. On treatment day 1, mice were divided into four groups: vehicle, fluvastatin, doxorubicin or a combination therapy. Tumour volumes were monitored with callipers and tissues harvested on day 28th of treatment. Histopathological examination of tumour tissues and major organs was performed as well as tumour evaluation of necrosis, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, expression of YAP, TAZ and the mRNA levels of four of their target genes (CTGF, CYR61, ANKRD1 and RHAMM2). Results showed a statistically significant variation in tumour volumes only for the combination therapy and final tumour weight only for the doxorubicin group compared to control. There was no significant difference in tumour necrosis, expression of CC3, ki-67, YAP and TAZ measured by immunohistochemistry and in the mRNA levels of the target genes. Unexpectedly, lung metastases were found in the control group (9) and not in the fluvastatin treated group (7). In addition, mass spectrometry-based quantification of fluvastatin reveals concentrations comparable to levels reported to exert therapeutic effects. This study shows that fluvastatin tumours concentration reached therapeutic levels without having an effect on the hippo pathway or various tumour parameters. Interestingly, only the control group had lung metastases. This study is the first to explore the repurposing of statins for cancer treatment in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Issam Atmane
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laurence Vigneau
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Frénel JS, Nguyen F. Mammary carcinoma: Comparative oncology between small animals and humans-New therapeutic tools. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:102-108. [PMID: 37312625 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The poor outcomes associated with mammary carcinomas (MCs) in dogs and cats in terms of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and survival, highlight the need for better management of mammary cancers in small animals. By contrast, the outcomes of women with breast cancer (BC) have dramatically improved during the last 10 years, notably thanks to new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this article was to imagine what could be the future of therapy for dogs and cats with MCs if it became inspired from current practices in human BC. This article focuses on the importance of taking into account cancer stage and cancer subtypes in therapeutic plans, on locoregional treatments (surgery, radiation therapy), new developments in endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy. Ideally, multimodal treatment regimens would be chosen according to cancer stage and cancer subtypes, and according to predictive factors that are still to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Frénel
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Site René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Frédérique Nguyen
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- Oniris, Nantes, France
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Chai Y, Liu J, Jiang M, He M, Wang Z, Ma F, Wang J, Yuan P, Luo Y, Xu B, Li Q. A phase II study of a doublet metronomic chemotherapy regimen consisting of oral vinorelbine and capecitabine in Chinese women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2259-2268. [PMID: 37402471 PMCID: PMC10423658 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This single-arm prospective phase II trial was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dual oral metronomic vinorelbine and capecitabine (mNC) regimen in women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in China. METHODS The mNC regimen was administered to the enrolled cases, including oral vinorelbine (VNR) 40 mg three times weekly (on days 1, 3 and 5 every week) and capecitabine (CAP) 500 mg three times a day, until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Stratified factors included treatment lines and hormone receptor (HR) status. RESULTS Between June 2018 and March 2023, 29 patients were enrolled into the study. The median follow-up time was 25.4 months (range, 2.0-53.8). In the entire group, the 1-year PFS rate was 54.1%. ORR, DCR and CBR were 31.0%, 96.6% and 62.1%, respectively. The mPFS was 12.5 months (range, 1.1-28.1). Subgroup analysis revealed that ORRs were 29.4% and 33.3% in first- and ≥second-line chemotherapy, respectively. ORRs were 29.2% (7/24) and 40.0% (2/5) for HR-positive MBC and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), respectively. Grade 3/4 TRAEs were neutropenia (10.3%) and nausea/vomiting (6.9%). CONCLUSIONS The dual oral mNC regimen showed very good safety features and improved compliance without loss of efficacy in both first- and second-line treatments. The regimen also reached an excellent ORR in the mTNBC subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chai
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Mingxia Jiang
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Maiyue He
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zijing Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical ServicesNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Michishita M, Ochiai K, Nakahira R, Azakami D, Machida Y, Nagashima T, Nakagawa T, Ishiwata T. mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in canine mammary carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100602. [PMID: 36816969 PMCID: PMC9931192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary adenocarcinoma, the most common cancer in female dogs, often exhibits the lymph node and lung metastases and has a higher mortality rate. However, mammary adenocarcinoma has no established treatment, except early surgical excision. Canine mammary carcinoma has many common features with human mammary carcinoma, including clinical characteristics, heterogeneity, and genetic aberrations, making it an excellent spontaneous tumor model for human breast cancer. Diverse cancers comprised heterogeneous cell populations originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal ability. Therefore, in addition to conventional therapy, therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are essential for cancer eradication. The present study aimed to extract inhibitors of canine mammary CSCs that suppress their self-renewal ability. Sphere-formation assay, which evaluates self-renewal ability, was performed for the canine mammary cancer cell lines CTBp and CNMp. The spheres formed in this assay were used in inhibitor library screening, which identified various signaling pathways such as proteosome, stress inducer, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The present study focused on the mTOR signaling pathway. Western blotting showed higher levels of phosphorylated mTOR in sphere-forming CTBp and CNMp cells than in adherent cells. Drug sensitivity examination using the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus revealed dose-dependent reductions in viability among both sphere-forming cells and adherent cells. Expression of phosphorylated mTOR in adherent and sphere-forming cells decreased by everolimus and temsirolimus treatment. In mice transplanted with CTBp-derived spheres, everolimus treatment significantly decreased tumor volume compared to control. These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway may be a potential to be a therapeutic target in both cancer cells and CSCs. Novel therapeutic strategies for canine mammary carcinoma are expected to benefit to human breast carcinoma as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Masaki Michishita,
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Nakahira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Pharmacokinetics of Carboplatin in Combination with Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Female Dogs with Mammary Carcinoma. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223109. [PMID: 36428336 PMCID: PMC9686876 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of metronomic cyclophosphamide on carboplatin’s tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics in dogs with mammary carcinoma. Sixteen female dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into groups: 300 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) carboplatin therapy (G1 = 8) or 300 mg/m2 i.v. carboplatin which was associated with 12.5 mg/m2 oral cyclophosphamide in a metronomic regimen (G2 = 8). The investigated animals underwent a clinical evaluation, a mastectomy, a carboplatin chemotherapy, and serial blood sampling for the pharmacokinetic analysis. The adverse events and survival rates were monitored. A non-compartmental analysis was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of carboplatin in the 2nd and 4th chemotherapy cycles. Carboplatin PK showed high interindividual variability with a 10-fold variation in the area under the plasma concentration−time curve (AUC) in G1. The systemic plasma exposure to carboplatin was equivalent in both of the treatments considering the AUC and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values. Although the red blood cells (p < 0.0001), platelets (p = 0.0005), total leukocytes (p = 0.0002), and segmented neutrophils (p = 0.0007) were reduced in G2, the survival rate increased (p = 0.0044) when it was compared to G1. In conclusion, adding low daily doses of cyclophosphamide to a carboplatin therapy showed promising outcomes in female dogs with mammary tumors.
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Chantawong P, Mamom T, Tangtrongsup S, Chitsanoor S, Boonsriroj H. First study on the immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and clinicopathological association in canine hepatoid gland neoplasms. Vet World 2022; 15:2432-2441. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2432-2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hepatoid gland neoplasms (HGNs) constitute one of the most common cutaneous tumors that arise from perianal glands in dogs and are clinically characterized by rapid growth. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible form of the enzyme, is associated with several hallmarks of tumorigenesis. Its expression has been confirmed in several human and animal neoplastic tissues, but there are no reports in hepatoid gland tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate COX-2 immunoexpression in canine HGNs, compare the expression among groups of normal hepatoid glands, hepatoid gland adenomas (HGAs), hepatoid gland epitheliomas (HGEs), and hepatoid gland carcinomas (HGCs), and assess the association of the COX-2 expression with clinicopathological features.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-one formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine hepatoid gland tissues (20 samples of HGAs, 16 of HGEs, 15 of HGCs, and 10 of normal hepatoid glands) were analyzed for COX-2 expression using immunohistochemistry with scoring for percentage positivity and intensity. Multiple comparisons of COX-2 expression among normal and neoplastic hepatoid glands and the associations between COX-2 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed.
Results: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was not detected in 60% of normal hepatoid glands and 25% of HGAs. Seventy-five percent of HGAs had a weak expression, while 43.7% and 56.3% of HGEs showed weak and moderate expression, respectively. The expression of HGCs ranged from weak (13.3%) to moderate (33.3%) and strong (53.3%). The immunoreactivity score of COX-2 labeling was significantly different among the normal and neoplastic hepatoid glands (p < 0.0001). The highest score was observed in the HGCs. Only in HGCs, the strong COX-2 expression was significantly associated with some clinicopathological features, including tissue invasion (p = 0.007) and necrosis (p = 0.029).
Conclusion: These results suggest that COX-2 may play a role in the modulation of neoplastic cell growth. These preliminary data lead to further investigation on the potential of COX-2 expression as a prognostic indicator and COX-2 inhibitors for canine HGCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinkarn Chantawong
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Thanongsak Mamom
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand; Mahanakorn Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Sahatchai Tangtrongsup
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Setthakit Chitsanoor
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand; Mahanakorn Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Hassadin Boonsriroj
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand; Mahanakorn Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
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10
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Liu P, Lu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Xiong W, Sun J. Expression of tumour transcription factor GLI1 in canine mammary tumours tissue. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1451-1457. [PMID: 35667035 PMCID: PMC9297744 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary tumor is one of the most common diseases of canine in pet clinics. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the distribution and expression of the tumor transcription factor GLI1 and the downstream proteins, Bmi1 and Sox2, in canine mammary tumors and paracancerous tissues. METHODS Cancerous and paracancerous normal mammary tissues were detected using western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that the histopathology of different types in mammary tumors by microscopic observation. GLI1/Bmi1/Sox2 expression was significantly higher in canine mammary invasive carcinoma than in ductal carcinoma and adjacent normal mammary tissues (p < 0.01). The expression of GLI1 in invasive carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than Bmi1 and Sox2, while Sox2 expression in ductal carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than GLI1 and Bmi1 (p < 0.01). GLI1/Bmi1/Sox2 all showed positive reactions in both mammary tumor and adjacent normal mammary tissues with immunohistochemistry. GLI1 and Sox2 showed strong positive staining in the cytoplasm of invasive mammary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma cells, and weak positive staining in the nuclei. The positive Bmi1 reaction was mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm of invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma cells, while the positive reaction on the cell membrane was weak. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that GLI1 and related proteins play an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of tumors. Therefore, it provides important reference for the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of canine mammary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penggang Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of EducationYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhouChina
| | - Yurong Lu
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Xueli Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Wenbing Xiong
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of EducationYangZhou UniversityYangZhouChina
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Alonso-Miguel D, Valdivia G, Guerrera D, Perez-Alenza MD, Pantelyushin S, Alonso-Diez A, Beiss V, Fiering S, Steinmetz NF, Suarez-Redondo M, Vom Berg J, Peña L, Arias-Pulido H. Neoadjuvant in situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus as a novel therapy against canine inflammatory mammary cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004044. [PMID: 35277459 PMCID: PMC8919457 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInflammatory mammary cancer (IMC), the counterpart of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), is the deadliest form of canine mammary tumors. IMC patients lack specific therapy and have poor outcomes. This proof-of-principle preclinical study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of neoadjuvant intratumoral (in situ) empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) immunotherapy in companion dogs diagnosed with IMC.MethodsTen IMC-bearing dogs were enrolled in the study. Five dogs received medical therapy, and five received weekly neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy (0.2–0.4 mg per injection) and medical therapy after the second eCPMV injection. Efficacy was evaluated by reduction of tumor growth; safety by hematological and biochemistry changes in blood and plasma; and patient outcome by survival analysis. eCPMV-induced immune changes in blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; changes in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated by CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), FoxP3 (Treg lymphocytes), myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils), Ki-67 (proliferation index, PI; tumor cell proliferation), and Cleaved Caspase-3 (CC-3; apoptosis) immunohistochemistry.ResultsTwo neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV injections resulted in tumor shrinkage in all patients by day 14 without systemic adverse events. Although surgery for IMC is generally not an option, reduction in tumor size allowed surgery in two IMC patients. In peripheral blood, in situ eCPMV immunotherapy was associated with a significant decrease of Treg+/CD8+ ratio and changes in CD8+Granzyme B+ T cells, which behave as a lagging predictive biomarker. In the TME, higher neutrophilic infiltration and MPO expression, lower tumor Ki-67 PI, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes, decrease in FoxP3+/CD3+ ratio (p<0.04 for all comparisons), and no changes in CC-3+ immunostainings were observed in post-treatment tumor tissues when compared with pretreatment tumor samples. eCPMV-treated IMC patients had a statistically significant (p=0.033) improved overall survival than patients treated with medical therapy.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and improved survival in IMC patients without systemic adverse effects. eCPMV-induced changes in immune cells point to neutrophils as a driver of immune response. Neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy could be a groundbreaking immunotherapy for canine IMC and a potential future immunotherapy for human IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of NannoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of NannoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maria Suarez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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