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McEntire MS, Tang KN, O'Connor MR, Haulena M. THE MANAGEMENT OF LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASIA IN FOUR NORTHERN SEA OTTERS ( ENHYDRA LUTRIS KENYONI). J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:511-520. [PMID: 38875209 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoproliferative neoplasia has been reported in both free-ranging sea otters and those in managed care, but little information is available on the management of this neoplastic disease in this species. This case series describes clinical lymphoma in four northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in managed care. Two otters presented with Stage 5 lymphoma with evidence of hematologic spread resulting in leukemia. Two additional otters presented with Stage 3 disease. Immunophenotypes in these cases included disseminated large B-cell lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma of potential T-cell origin. Cases were managed with multiagent chemotherapy protocols including prednisone, L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, lomustine, and doxorubicin. Unique approaches included the use of a vascular access port in one case and development of an autologous vaccine in another. Survival time ranged from 81 to 409 days. Diagnosis, staging, and treatment with multiagent protocols is recommended for the management of lymphoma in sea otters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S McEntire
- John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago IL 60605, USA and Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Karisa N Tang
- John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago IL 60605, USA and Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Matthew R O'Connor
- John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago IL 60605, USA and Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Martin Haulena
- John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago IL 60605, USA and Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver BC V6G 3E2, Canada,
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2
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Gardhouse S. Point of Care Ultrasound in Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023:S1094-9194(23)00020-8. [PMID: 37349183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Exotic pets are presented to veterinary clinics with increasing frequency for routine, urgent, and emergency needs. With these increased visits, owners' expectations for high-quality veterinary care are also increasing. Many presenting complaints of reptiles, birds, and small mammals can benefit from the use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) to establish a minimum database, aid in triage, and help guide further diagnostics, treatment, and prognostic discussions with the owner. Hospitalized exotic patients can also have their progress tracked and better assessed with the aid of POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gardhouse
- Evolution Veterinary Specialists, 34 Van Gordon Street, Ste. 160, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.
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Whittaker CP, Losada-Medina D, Desprez I, Sukut S. Radiographic appearance of a caudal vertebral chordoma in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:E11-E15. [PMID: 35692073 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old spayed female ferret was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine for a slow-growing mass involving the base of the tail. Radiographs revealed a large, irregularly marginated mineralized mass centered on the fifth to seventh caudal vertebrae with osteolysis of the affected caudal vertebrae. A partial caudectomy was performed, and histopathology was consistent with a chordoma. This is the first case report describing the radiographic appearance of a chordoma in the proximal tail and only the second report to describe radiographic findings in a ferret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pj Whittaker
- Department of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3Z1, Canada
| | - Daniela Losada-Medina
- Avian, Exotic and Wildlife Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3Z1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Desprez
- Avian, Exotic and Wildlife Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3Z1, Canada
| | - Sally Sukut
- Department of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3Z1, Canada
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Helke KL, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Löhr C, McInnes EF, Scudamore CL, Brayton CF. Research Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions: Ferrets, Dogs, Swine, Sheep, and Goats. ILAR J 2021; 62:133-168. [PMID: 33712827 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models provide a valuable tool and resource for biomedical researchers as they investigate biological processes, disease pathogenesis, novel therapies, and toxicologic studies. Interpretation of animal model data requires knowledge not only of the processes/diseases being studied but also awareness of spontaneous conditions and background lesions in the model that can influence or even confound the study results. Species, breed/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplastic processes are model features that can impact the results as well as study interpretation. Here, we review these features in several common laboratory animal species, including ferret, dog (beagle), pig, sheep, and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Christiane Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth F McInnes
- Toxicologic Pathology, Toxicology Section, Human Safety at Syngenta, in Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- ExePathology, Pathologist at ExePathology, Exmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Radiographs can be used to easily visualize common types of urinary calculi in all parts of the urinary tract. Positive-contrast excretory urography and cystourethrography are sensitive to diseases within the ureters and urethra, most commonly obstruction. Ultrasound is widely available and noninvasive and can be used to evaluate renal architecture, ureteral dilation, urinary bladder wall disease, and urolithiasis. Computed tomography is increasing in availability and provides a large amount of cross-sectional information quickly and noninvasively. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to estimate or quantify glomerular filtration rate.
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Abstract
Neoplasia is a common cause of disease in domestic ferrets worldwide. The most common neoplasms are islet cell tumors (insulinoma), adrenocortical neoplasms, and lymphoma. The definitive etiology has yet to be defined, but husbandry, genetic predisposition and infectious agents are postulated causes. Definitive diagnosis requires sampling and microscopic analysis of the neoplasm, but initial testing including blood, urine and diagnostic imaging can aid the diagnostic process. Based on the type of tumor and its location, therapeutic options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Numerous chemotherapeutic protocols and drugs have been published for the use in ferrets and a ferret specific formula for calculating body surface area has been established. In addition to the more commonly affected endocrine and hemolymphatic systems, ferrets can also develop tumors in the skin and subcutis, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts, musculoskeletal, nervous, urinary, respiratory and vascular systems.
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Abstract
Orthopedic diseases are a common problem in exotic pets. Diagnostic imaging modalities are more accessible and available in exotic animal veterinary medicine; the higher standards of care of the veterinary profession have progressed toward an increased offer of advanced imaging modalities. The literature on the use of diagnostic imaging modalities in orthopedic disease of exotic pets is scarce. This article discusses when to use the different diagnostic imaging techniques and reviews the imaging findings usually found in the most common orthopedic diseases in small mammal, avian, and reptile exotic pet species using different imaging modalities, especially radiography and computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vilaplana Grosso
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, PO Box 100116, Gainesville, FL 32610-0116, USA.
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Abstract
This literature review covers approximately 35 years of veterinary medicine. This article develops the current state of knowledge in pet ferret medicine regarding the most common diseases according to evidence-based data and gives insight into further axis of research. Literature review was conducted through identification of keywords (title + ferret) with Web-based database searching. To appreciate the methodological quality and the level of evidence of each article included in the review, full-text versions were reviewed and questions addressed in the articles were formulated. Analysis of the articles' content was performed by the authors, and relevant clinical information was extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huynh
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France.
| | - Lucile Chassang
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France
| | - Graham Zoller
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France
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du Plessis WM, Groenewald HB, Elliott D. Computed Tomography of the Abdomen in Eight Clinically Normal Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus
). Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:365-372. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. M. du Plessis
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine; P.O. Box 334 Basseterre St. Kitts West Indies
| | - H. B. Groenewald
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| | - D. Elliott
- Bird and Exotic Animal Hospital; Private bag X04 Onderstepoort South Africa
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Abstract
Neoplastic disease is common in ferrets. Approximately half of all tumors diagnosed in ferrets are located in the endocrine or hemolymphatic system. Many factors may influence the choice of treatment. Medical management of adrenal tumors has a greater disease-free period compared to adrenalectomy. In ferrets with an insulinoma, no difference is seen in the mean survival time of medically and surgically treated patients. Aside from medical and surgical treatment modalities, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have also been described in ferrets in other types of tumors. The outcome of these treatment modalities is not always favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Schoemaker
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
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Janvier V, Evrard L, Cerri S, Gougnard A, Busoni V. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 13 HORSES WITH LYMPHOMA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 57:65-74. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Janvier
- Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Laurence Evrard
- Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Simona Cerri
- Equine Clinical Section, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Alexandra Gougnard
- Equine Clinical Section, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Valeria Busoni
- Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège; Liège Belgium
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