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Santos-Silva S, da Silva Dias Moraes DF, López-López P, Rivero-Juarez A, Mesquita JR, Nascimento MSJ. Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:193-211. [PMID: 37434079 PMCID: PMC10499749 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis is hepatitis E virus (HEV) causing 20 million infections worldwide each year and 44,000 deaths. Studies on HEV in the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing through time with HEV infection being identified in humans and animals. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile and evaluate all the published data on HEV from studies performed in humans, animals and environmental samples in the Iberian Peninsula. The electronic databases Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, and research published up until February 01, 2023 were included. Resulting in a total of 151 eligible papers by full reading and application of PRISMA exclusion/inclusion criteria. Overall, the present review shows that several HEV genotypes, namely HEV-1, 3, 4, and 6 as well as Rocahepevirus, are circulating in humans, animals, and in the environment in the Iberian Peninsula. HEV-3 was the most common genotype circulating in humans in Portugal and Spain, as expected for developed countries, with HEV-1 only being detected in travelers and emigrants from HEV endemic regions. Spain is the biggest pork producer in Europe and given the high circulation of HEV in pigs, with HEV-3 being primarily associated to zoonotic transmission through consumption of swine meat and meat products, in our opinion, the introduction of an HEV surveillance system in swine and inclusion of HEV in diagnostic routines for acute and chronic human hepatitis would be important. Additionally, we propose that establishing a monitoring mechanism for HEV is crucial in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of this illness and the various strains present in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their potential impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Santos-Silva
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro López-López
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - António Rivero-Juarez
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - João R Mesquita
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Wang L, Wang Y, Zhuang H. Puzzles for Hepatitis E Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1417:247-256. [PMID: 37223871 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1304-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important but understudied virus that has been the major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. In recent decades, our understanding of this neglected virus has changed greatly: novel forms of viral proteins and their functions have been discovered; HEV can transmit via blood transfusion and organ transplantation; HEV can infect many animal species and the number is still increasing; HEV can induce chronic hepatitis and extra-hepatic manifestations. However, we are short of effective treatment measures to counter the virus. In this chapter we tend to briefly introduce the puzzles and major knowledge gaps existed in the field of HEV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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3
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Risalde MA, Frias M, Caballero-Gómez J, Lopez-Lopez P, Fast C, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Agulló-Ros I, Eiden M, Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Rivero A, Carlos Gómez Villamandos J, Rivero-Juarez A. Presence of hepatitis E virus in testis of naturally infected wild boars. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3317-3324. [PMID: 35986711 PMCID: PMC10087141 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of viral acute hepatitis in the world, affecting more than 20 million people annually. During the acute phase of infection, HEV can be detected in various body fluids, which has a significant impact in terms of transmission, diagnosis or extrahepatic manifestations. Several studies have isolated HEV in the genitourinary tract of humans and animals, which could have important clinical and epidemiological implications. So, our main objective was to evaluate the presence of HEV in testis of naturally infected wild boars (Sus scrofa). For it, blood, liver, hepatic lymph node and testicle samples were collected from 191 male wild boars. The presence of HEV was evaluated in serum by PCR, as well as in tissues by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Four animals (2.09%; 95%CI: 0.82-5.26) showed detectable HEV RNA in serum, being confirmed the presence of HEV-3f genotype in three of them by phylogenetic analysis. HEV was also detected in liver and/or hepatic lymph nodes of the four animals by RT-PCR, as well as by immunohistochemistry analysis. Only one of these wild boars also showed detectable viral load in testis, observing HEV-specific labelling in a small number of fibroblasts and some Sertoli cells. Our results confirm the presence of HEV genotype 3 in naturally infected wild boar testis, although no associated tissue damage was evidenced. This study does not allow us to discard semen as a possible source of HEV transmission in suids. Future experimental studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of HEV genotype 3 on fertility and the possibility of transmission through sexual contact in this specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Mario Frias
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad animal, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Lopez-Lopez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Christine Fast
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel, Riems, Germany
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad animal, Córdoba, Spain.,Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel, Riems, Germany
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad animal, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad animal, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Carlos Gómez Villamandos
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Eloiflin RJ, Grau-Roma L, Python S, Mehinagic K, Godel A, Libeau G, Summerfield A, Bataille A, García-Nicolás O. Comparative pathogenesis of peste des petits ruminants virus strains of difference virulence. Vet Res 2022; 53:57. [PMID: 35804440 PMCID: PMC9270740 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute disease of small ruminants caused by a morbillivirus. Clinical observation of the disease in the field revealed that several species of small ruminants are affected to varying degrees. This difference in disease-related effects could depend either on the host or on the virulence of the virus strain. A previous study highlighted the difference in virulence between two strains of PPRV used to infect Saanen goats. For this breed, PPRV Morocco 2008 strain (MA08) was highly virulent while PPRV Côte d’Ivoire 1989 (IC89) strain induced mild disease. Experimental studies generally based on healthy and young animals do not permit exploration of the natural variability of the host susceptibility to PPRV. Therefore, building on the previous study on Saanen goats, the current study focussed on this breed of goat and used commercially available animals with an unknown history of infection with other pathogens. Results confirmed the previous disease pattern for PPRV IC89 and MA08 strains. Viral RNA detection, macroscopic and histological lesions were stronger for the highly virulent MA08 strain. We show here for the first time that viral RNA can be detected in the tissues of vaccinated animals. Viral RNA was also detected for the first time in serum samples, which is in agreement with the role of circulating immune cells in transporting the virus into host target organs. Thus, this study provides insight into the pathogenesis of strains of different virulence of PPRV and will help to better understand the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger-Junior Eloiflin
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Python
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kemal Mehinagic
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Godel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Bataille
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France. .,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Okano H, Nakano T, Ito R, Tanaka A, Hoshi Y, Matsubayashi K, Asakawa H, Nose K, Tsuruga S, Tochio T, Kumazawa H, Isono Y, Tanaka H, Matsusaki S, Sase T, Saito T, Mukai K, Nishimura A, Kawakami K, Nagashima S, Takahashi M, Okamoto H. The spontaneous clearance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and emergence of HEV antibodies in a transfusion-transmitted chronic hepatitis E case after completion of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:252-259. [PMID: 31342463 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 64-year-old woman was infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) during chemotherapy for leukemia. By retrospective analyses of stored serum from the blood products and the patient, the source of the infection was determined to be platelet concentration (PC) transfused during chemotherapy. The partial nucleotide sequence of the HEV strain isolated from the donated PC and that from the patient's sera was identical and was subgenotype 3b. Clinical indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, HEV RNA titer, and anti-HEV antibodies in the serum were investigated from the beginning of the infection until 1 year after the termination of HEV infection. HEV RNA had propagated over 6 months and then cleared spontaneously after the completion of chemotherapy. Anti-HEV antibodies appeared in the serum just before the clearance of HEV RNA. Interestingly, HEV RNA was detected in the patient's urine, spinal fluid, and saliva. The HEV RNA titers in those samples were much lower than in the serum and feces. No renal, neurological, or salivary gland disorders appeared during the follow-up. We observed virological and biochemical progress and cure of transfusion-transmitted chronic hepatitis E in the patient despite an immunosuppressive status during and after chemotherapy against hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University Nanakuri Memorial Hospital, 424-1 Oodori-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-1295, Japan
| | - Ryugo Ito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Ami Tanaka
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, 1-1-3 Shiba-Daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8521, Japan
| | - Yuji Hoshi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, 1-1-3 Shiba-Daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8521, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsubayashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, 1-1-3 Shiba-Daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Kenji Nose
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Satomi Tsuruga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Isono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsusaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sase
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Katsumi Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Keiki Kawakami
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Suzuka General Hospital, 1275-53 Yasuzuka-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8630, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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