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Petekkaya E, Ünalmış Aykar D, Kaptan Z. An analysis of the relationship of "the Mozart effect" with BDNF levels in anatomy education. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024; 17:770-778. [PMID: 38509019 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In 1993, an increase was observed in the spatial IQ scores of the volunteers who listened to Mozart's sonata K448 for 10 min, and this phenomenon entered the literature as the "Mozart effect." Other studies have shown that this effect is particularly evident in spatial skill tests. A large body of research has provided evidence that spatial ability is associated with success in learning anatomy. In this study, Kastamonu University Faculty of Medicine students were divided into two groups during 16-h practical training spanning 30 days. While one of the groups listened to Mozart's K448 sonata as the background music in all lessons, the control group attended the lessons in their standard form. At the end of each lesson, all students solved a modified mental rotation test including questions involving anatomical structures. Before starting the study, after the first laboratory class, on the 15th and 30th day of the study, blood samples were taken from the participants, and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were determined. The effect of time on mental rotation score and plasma BDNF level was significant (p < 0.001 for both). The effect of group was also significant (p < 0.001 for both). Pairwise comparisons showed significance in the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth mental rotation test (p < 0.001, p = 0.041, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and in the third (Day 15) and fourth (Day 30) BDNF measurement (p < 0.001 for both). Our findings may indicate that specific background music may be useful for anatomy teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Petekkaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Demet Ünalmış Aykar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Zülal Kaptan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Liu Y, Meng XK, Shao WZ, Liu YQ, Tang C, Deng SS, Tang CF, Zheng L, Guo W. miR-34a/TAN1/CREB Axis Engages in Alleviating Oligodendrocyte Trophic Factor-Induced Myelin Repair Function and Astrocyte-Dependent Neuroinflammation in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: The Anti-Neurodegenerative Effect of Treadmill Exercise. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1105-1120. [PMID: 38289520 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Reduced myelin stability observed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease leads to spatial learning and memory impairment. Exercise has been shown to protect nerves, reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, and strengthen synaptic connectivity. However, the underlying mechanisms of how exercise can promote myelin repair and coordinate inflammation and proliferation are still uncertain. In this study, we conducted histological and biochemical assays of cortical lysates after behavioral testing to detect pathological changes, myelin sheath thickness, and mRNA and protein levels. It is notable that D-galactose model mice exhibited elevated miRNA-34a levels, overactive astrocytes, decreased myelin staining scores, increased apoptosis, and decreased synaptic plasticity in the brain. Significantly, after eight weeks of exercise, we observed improvements in LFB scores, NeuN( +) neuron counts, and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. Additionally, exercise promoted the expression of oligodendrocyte markers Olig2 and PDFGR-α associated with brain proliferation, and improved spatial cognitive function. Furthermore, it decreased the inflammation caused by astrocyte secretions (TNF-α, Cox-2, CXCL2). Interestingly, we also observed downregulation of miR-34a and activation of the TAN1/PI3K/CREB signaling pathway. Our data shed light on a previously unsuspected mechanism by which exercise reduces miR-34a levels and protects neuronal function and survival by preventing excessive demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ya-Qun Liu
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Si-Si Deng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
- Hunan Province Sports Public Service Research Base, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China.
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Liu S, Lu Y, Tian D, Zhang T, Zhang C, Hu CY, Chen P, Meng Y. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Obesity-Induced Cognitive Decline by Modulating the Expression Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors and Inflammatory Factors in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6250-6264. [PMID: 38491001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT; 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol) is an important functional polyphenol in olive oil. Our study sought to evaluate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HT on obesity-induced cognitive impairment. A high-fat and high-fructose-diet-induced obese mice model was treated with HT for 14 weeks. The results show that HT improved the learning and memory abilities and enhanced the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) and postsynaptic density proteins, protecting neuronal and synaptic functions in obese mice. Transcriptomic results further confirmed that HT improved cognitive impairment by regulating gene expression in neural system development and synaptic function-related pathways. Moreover, HT treatment alleviated neuroinflammation in the brain of obese mice. To sum up, our results indicated that HT can alleviate obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction by enhancing BDNF expression and alleviating neuroinflammation in the brain, which also means that HT may become a potentially useful nutritional supplement to alleviate obesity-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenlin Liu
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yalong Lu
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Dan Tian
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, AgSci. 415J, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ping Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Meng
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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Sui H, Dou J, Shi B, Cheng X. The reciprocity of skeletal muscle and bone: an evolving view from mechanical coupling, secretory crosstalk to stem cell exchange. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1349253. [PMID: 38505709 PMCID: PMC10949226 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1349253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle and bone constitute the two main parts of the musculoskeletal system and generate an intricately coordinated motion system. The crosstalk between muscle and bone has been under investigation, leading to revolutionary perspectives in recent years. Method and results: In this review, the evolving concept of muscle-bone interaction from mechanical coupling, secretory crosstalk to stem cell exchange was explained in sequence. The theory of mechanical coupling stems from the observation that the development and maintenance of bone mass are largely dependent on muscle-derived mechanical loads, which was later proved by Wolff's law, Utah paradigm and Mechanostat hypothesis. Then bone and muscle are gradually recognized as endocrine organs, which can secrete various cytokines to modulate the tissue homeostasis and remodeling to each other. The latest view presented muscle-bone interaction in a more direct way: the resident mesenchymal stromal cell in the skeletal muscle, i.e., fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), could migrate to the bone injury site and contribute to bone regeneration. Emerging evidence even reveals the ectopic source of FAPs from tissue outside the musculoskeletal system, highlighting its dynamic property. Conclusion: FAPs have been established as the critical cell connecting muscle and bone, which provides a new modality to study inter-tissue communication. A comprehensive and integrated perspective of muscle and bone will facilitate in-depth research in the musculoskeletal system and promote novel therapeutic avenues in treating musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abbasi N, Mirabzadeh Y, Khesali G, Ebrahimkhani Z, Karimi H, Vaseghi S. Chronic REM sleep deprivation leads to manic- and OCD-related behaviors, and decreases hippocampal BDNF expression in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06566-0. [PMID: 38430395 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (SD) can induce manic-like behaviors in rodents. On the other hand, lithium, as one of the oldest drugs used in neuropsychiatric disorders, is still one of the best drugs for the treatment and control of bipolar disorder. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of chronic short-term REM SD in the induction of manic-like behaviors in female rats. METHODS The rats were exposed to REM SD for 14 days (6 hours/day). Lithium was intraperitoneally injected at the doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg. RESULTS REM SD induced hyperactivity and OCD-like behavior, and decreased anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and pain subthreshold. REM SD also impaired passive avoidance memory and decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression level. Lithium at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg partly and completely abolished these effects, respectively. However, lithium (100 mg/kg) increased BDNF expression level in control and sham REM SD rats with no significant changes in behavior. CONCLUSIONS Chronic short-term REM SD may induce a mania-like model and lead to OCD-like behavior and irritability. In the present study, we demonstrated a putative rodent model of mania induced by chronic REM SD in female rats. We suggest that future studies should examine behavioral and mood changes following chronic REM SD in both sexes. Furthermore, the relationship between manic-like behaviors and chronic REM SD should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Abbasi
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mirabzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Khesali
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimkhani
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanie Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Li X, Wei C, Jin Y, Zhang J, Zhong P, Zhang D, Huang X. Time-resolved map of serum metabolome profiling in D-galactose-induced aging rats with exercise intervention. iScience 2024; 27:108999. [PMID: 38362265 PMCID: PMC10867647 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise, an intervention with wide-ranging effects on the whole body, has been shown to delay aging. Due to aging and exercise as modulator of metabolism, a picture of how exercise delayed D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging in a time-resolved manner was presented in this paper. The mapping of molecular changes in response to exercise has become increasingly accessible with the development of omics techniques. To explore the dynamic changes during exercise, the serum of rats and D-gal-induced aging rats before, during, and after exercise was analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. The variation of metabolites was monitored to reveal the specific response to D-gal-induced senescence and exercise in multiple pathways, especially the basal amino acid metabolism, including glycine serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. The homeostasis was disturbed by D-gal and maintained by exercise. The paper was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the study of anti-aging exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Changling Wei
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Pei Zhong
- iCarbonX Diagnostics (Zhuhai) Company Limited, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 518110, China
| | - Deman Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
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Pettrey C, Kerr PL, Dickey TO. Physical Exercise as an Intervention for Depression: Evidence for Efficacy and Mu-Opioid Receptors as a Mechanism of Action. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:221-239. [PMID: 38874725 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is often cited as an important part of an intervention for depression, and there is empirical evidence to support this. However, the mechanism of action through which any potential antidepressant effects are produced is not widely understood. Recent evidence points toward the involvement of endogenous opioids, and especially the mu-opioid system, as a partial mediator of these effects. In this chapter, we discuss the current level of empirical support for physical exercise as either an adjunctive or standalone intervention for depression. We then review the extant evidence for involvement of endogenous opioids in the proposed antidepressant effects of exercise, with a focus specifically on evidence for mu-opioid system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick L Kerr
- Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, WVU School of Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - T O Dickey
- West Virginia University School of Medicine-Charleston, Charleston, WV, USA
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Bang-Kittilsen G, Egeland J, Ueland T, Andersen E, Bigseth TT, Holmen TL, Mordal J, Holst R, Engh JA. The relationship between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurocognitive response to physical exercise in individuals with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106356. [PMID: 37562099 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise can improve neurocognition in individuals with schizophrenia, presumably by facilitating neuroplasticity. There is, however, large inter-individual variation in response. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed to mediate these effects. The current aim was to investigate the sparsely studied relationship between peripheral resting BDNF and neurocognitive response to physical exercise in individuals with schizophrenia. METHOD The current study reports secondary analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), ClinicalTrials.gov number 02205684, recently reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. Eighty-two individuals with schizophrenia (mean age 37 ± 14 years old, 61% men) were randomly allocated to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or a comparison group performing low-intensity active video gaming (AVG). Both interventions consisted of 2 sessions/week for 12 weeks. In previously published primary RCT analyses, HIIT and AVG showed comparable small to moderate improvements in neurocognition. We now address the inter-individual variability in neurocognitive response. We apply mediation and moderation analyses for repeated measures designs (MEMORE) and mixed effects models. RESULTS Baseline neurocognition was not significantly correlated with baseline levels of mature BDNF (baseline-mBDNF) or the precursor proBDNF. Nonetheless, baseline-mBDNF, but not baseline proBDNF, moderated the effect of exercise on neurocognition (p = 0.025) and explained 7% of the variance. The neurocognitive improvement increased with increasing baseline-mBDNF values. The moderating effect of baseline-mBDNF remained significant in a more complex model adding the moderating effects of exercise mode, sex, age, duration of illness and baseline VO2max on the outcome (neurocognition). Mean baseline-mBDNF significantly decreased from baseline to post-intervention (p = 0.036), regardless of exercise mode, differing by sex and associated with improved VO2max but not with change in neurocognition. A mediating role of mBDNF on the effect of physical exercise on neurocognition was not supported. Values of proBDNF mainly remained stable from baseline to post-intervention. CONCLUSION We found that baseline-mBDNF moderated the effect of physical exercise on neurocognition in individuals with schizophrenia and explained a small part of the inter-individual variation in neurocognitive response. Mean mBDNF decreased from baseline to post-intervention, regardless of exercise mode. A mediating role of mBDNF on the effect of exercise on neurocognition was not supported. The inter-individual variation in neurocognitive response and the complex role of peripheral BDNF in physical exercise is still to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Bang-Kittilsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway.
| | - Jens Egeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Eivind Andersen
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of Southeast Norway, Horten, Norway
| | | | - Tom Langerud Holmen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - Jon Mordal
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - René Holst
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
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Zhou M, Tamburini IJ, Van C, Molendijk J, Nguyen CM, Chang IYY, Johnson C, Velez LM, Cheon Y, Yeo RX, Bae H, Le J, Larson N, Pulido R, Filho C, Jang C, Marazzi I, Justice JN, Pannunzio N, Hevener A, Sparks LM, Kershaw EE, Nicholas D, Parker B, Masri S, Seldin M. Leveraging inter-individual transcriptional correlation structure to infer discrete signaling mechanisms across metabolic tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540142. [PMID: 37214953 PMCID: PMC10197628 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract/IntroductionInter-organ communication is a vital process to maintain physiologic homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to many human diseases. Beginning with the discovery of insulin over a century ago, characterization of molecules responsible for signal between tissues has required careful and elegant experimentation where these observations have been integral to deciphering physiology and disease. Given that circulating bioactive factors are stable in serum, occur naturally, and are easily assayed from blood, they present obvious focal molecules for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. For example, physiologic dissection of the actions of soluble proteins such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) have yielded among the most promising therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease and obesity, respectively1–4. A major obstacle in the characterization of such soluble factors is that defining their tissues and pathways of action requires extensive experimental testing in cells and animal models. Recently, studies have shown that secreted proteins mediating inter-tissue signaling could be identified by “brute-force” surveys of all genes within RNA-sequencing measures across tissues within a population5–9. Expanding on this intuition, we reasoned that parallel strategies could be used to understand how individual genes mediate signaling across metabolic tissues through correlative analyses of gene variation between individuals. Thus, comparison of quantitative levels of gene expression relationships between organs in a population could aid in understanding cross-organ signaling. Here, we surveyed gene-gene correlation structure across 18 metabolic tissues in 310 human individuals and 7 tissues in 103 diverse strains of mice fed a normal chow or HFHS diet. Variation of genes such asFGF21, ADIPOQ, GCGandIL6showed enrichments which recapitulate experimental observations. Further, similar analyses were applied to explore both within-tissue signaling mechanisms (liverPCSK9) as well as genes encoding enzymes producing metabolites (adiposePNPLA2), where inter-individual correlation structure aligned with known roles for these critical metabolic pathways. Examination of sex hormone receptor correlations in mice highlighted the difference of tissue-specific variation in relationships with metabolic traits. We refer to this resource asGene-DerivedCorrelationsAcrossTissues (GD-CAT) where all tools and data are built into a web portal enabling users to perform these analyses without a single line of code (gdcat.org). This resource enables querying of any gene in any tissue to find correlated patterns of genes, cell types, pathways and network architectures across metabolic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ian J. Tamburini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Van
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Molendijk
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christy M Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Casey Johnson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leandro M. Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Youngseo Cheon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Reichelle X. Yeo
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Larson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ron Pulido
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Filho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jamie N. Justice
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Pannunzio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Iris Cantor-UCLA Women’s Health Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section On Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dequina Nicholas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine. Irvine, CA, USA
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Mehramiz M, Porter T, O’Brien EK, Rainey-Smith SR, Laws SM. A Potential Role for Sirtuin-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing the Biological and Environmental Evidence. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:823-843. [PMID: 37662612 PMCID: PMC10473168 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), encoded by the SIRT1 gene, is a conserved Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent deacetylase enzyme, considered as the master regulator of metabolism in humans. Sirt1 contributes to a wide range of biological pathways via several mechanisms influenced by lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. The importance of a healthy lifestyle is of relevance to highly prevalent modern chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is growing evidence at multiple levels for a role of Sirt1/SIRT1 in AD pathological mechanisms. As such, this review will explore the relevance of Sirt1 to AD pathological mechanisms, by describing the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 in the development of AD pathological hallmarks, through its impact on the metabolism of amyloid-β and degradation of phosphorylated tau. We then explore the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 across different AD-relevant biological processes, including cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiome, before discussing the interplay between Sirt1 and AD-related lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, as well as depression, a common comorbidity. Genome-wide association studies have explored potential associations between SIRT1 and AD, as well as AD risk factors and co-morbidities. We summarize this evidence at the genetic level to highlight links between SIRT1 and AD, particularly associations with AD-related risk factors, such as heart disease. Finally, we review the current literature of potential interactions between SIRT1 genetic variants and lifestyle factors and how this evidence supports the need for further research to determine the relevance of these interactions with respect to AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrane Mehramiz
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor K. O’Brien
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhu H, Liu D, Sui M, Zhou M, Wang B, Qi Q, Wang T, Zhang G, Wan F, Zhang B. CRISPRa-based activation of Fgf21 and Fndc5 ameliorates obesity by promoting adipocytes browning. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1326. [PMID: 37462619 PMCID: PMC10353577 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle-secreted myokines widely participate in lipids metabolism through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions. The myokines represented by FGF21 and Irisin can promote the browning of adipocytes and serve as promising targets for treating obesity. Although recombinant myokines replacement therapy and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-based myokines overexpression have shown a definite effect in ameliorating obesity, novel myokine activation strategies with higher efficacy and safety are still in pressing need. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy in obesity treatments. METHODS In this study, we used lentivirus and a single AAV vector containing dCas9-VP64 with a single-guide RNA to selectively activate Fgf21 and Fndc5 expression in skeletal muscles both in vitro and in vivo. The activation efficacy of the CRISPRa system was determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. The treatment effect of CRISPR-based myokines activation was tested in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (male C57BL/6 mice, induced at 6-week-old for 10 weeks). RESULTS The virus upregulates myokines expression in both mRNA and protein levels of muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Myokines secreted by muscle cells promoted browning of 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes. In vivo activation of myokines by AAVs can reduce body weight and fat mass, increase the adipocytes browning and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy that can ameliorate obesity by promoting adipocytes browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinqin Qi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Aby K, Antony R, Li Y. ProBDNF Upregulation in Murine Hind Limb Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: A Driver of Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:903. [PMID: 37508336 PMCID: PMC10375988 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been shown to be expressed in many nonneuronal tissues including skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle BDNF has been studied regarding its function in metabolism and exercise; however, less is known about its role in skeletal muscle injury. The precursor to BDNF, proBDNF, has an unknown role in skeletal muscle. The levels of proBDNF, mature BDNF, and their receptors were compared in the skeletal muscle and brain tissues of C57BL/6J mice. Tourniquet-induced hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury was used to assess the function of skeletal muscle-derived proBDNF in skeletal muscle injury. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of BDNF and pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR, the proBDNF receptor, were used to determine the role of proBDNF-p75NTR signaling. We show for the first time that proBDNF is the predominantly expressed form of BDNF in skeletal muscle and that proBDNF is significantly upregulated in skeletal muscle following hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of BDNF blunted the inflammatory response in the injured tissue and appears to be mediated by the proBDNF-p75NTR pathway, as shown by the pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR. These findings suggest that skeletal muscle proBDNF plays a critical role in driving the inflammatory response following skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifan Li
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; (K.A.); (R.A.)
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Wu Q, Jiang H, Shao C, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Cao Y, Song J, Shi B, Chi A, Wang C. Characteristics of changes in the functional status of the brain before and after 1,000 m all-out paddling for different levels of dragon boat athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1109949. [PMID: 37287781 PMCID: PMC10243504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purposes Dragon boat is a traditional sport in China, but the brain function characteristics of dragon boat athletes are still unclear. Our purpose is to explore the changing characteristics of brain function of dragon boat athletes at different levels before and after exercise by monitoring the changes of EEG power spectrum and microstate of athletes before and after rowing. Methods Twenty-four expert dragon boat athletes and 25 novice dragon boat athletes were selected as test subjects to perform the 1,000 m all-out paddling exercise on a dragon boat dynamometer. Their resting EEG data was collected pre- and post-exercise, and the EEG data was pre-processed and then analyzed using power spectrum and microstate based on Matlab software. Results Post-Exercise, the Heart Rate peak (HR peak), Percentage of Heart Rate max (HR max), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and Exercise duration of the novice group were significantly higher than expert group (p < 0.01). Pre-exercise, the power spectral density values in the δ, α1, α2, and β1 bands were significantly higher in the expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05). Post-exercise, the power spectral density values in the δ, θ, and α1 bands were significantly lower in the expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the power spectral density values of α2, β1, and β2 bands were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The results of microstate analysis showed that the duration and contribution of microstate class D were significantly higher in the pre-exercise expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the transition probabilities of A → D, C → D, and D → A were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Post-exercise, the duration, and contribution of microstate class C in the expert group decreased significantly compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the occurrence of microstate classes A and D were significantly higher (p < 0.05), the transition probability of A → B was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the transition probabilities of C → D and D → C were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion The functional brain state of dragon boat athletes was characterized by expert athletes with closer synaptic connections of brain neurons and higher activation of the dorsal attention network in the resting state pre-exercise. There still had higher activation of cortical neurons after paddling exercise. Expert athletes can better adapt to acute full-speed oar training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Hongke Jiang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhuan Shao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Jing Song
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Bing Shi
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
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Kiss Bimbova K, Bacova M, Kisucka A, Gálik J, Ileninova M, Kuruc T, Magurova M, Lukacova N. Impact of Endurance Training on Regeneration of Axons, Glial Cells, and Inhibitory Neurons after Spinal Cord Injury: A Link between Functional Outcome and Regeneration Potential within the Lesion Site and in Adjacent Spinal Cord Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108616. [PMID: 37239968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance training prior to spinal cord injury (SCI) has a beneficial effect on the activation of signaling pathways responsible for survival, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration. It is, however, unclear which training-induced cell populations are essential for the functional outcome after SCI. Adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, six weeks of endurance training, Th9 compression (40 g/15 min), and pretraining + Th9 compression. The animals survived six weeks. Training alone increased the gene expression and protein level of immature CNP-ase oligodendrocytes (~16%) at Th10, and caused rearrangements in neurotrophic regulation of inhibitory GABA/glycinergic neurons at the Th10 and L2 levels, known to contain the interneurons with rhythmogenic potential. Training + SCI upregulated markers for immature and mature (CNP-ase, PLP1) oligodendrocytes by ~13% at the lesion site and caudally, and increased the number of GABA/glycinergic neurons in specific spinal cord regions. In the pretrained SCI group, the functional outcome of hindlimbs positively correlated with the protein levels of CNP-ase, PLP1, and neurofilaments (NF-l), but not with the outgrowing axons (Gap-43) at the lesion site and caudally. These results indicate that endurance training applied before SCI potentiates the repair in damaged spinal cord, and creates a suitable environment for neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kiss Bimbova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bacova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Kisucka
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Gálik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Ileninova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Magurova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Lukacova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
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Njire Braticevic M, Zarak M, Simac B, Perovic A, Dumic J. Effects of recreational SCUBA diving practiced once a week on neurohormonal response and myokines-mediated communication between muscles and the brain. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1074061. [PMID: 37063956 PMCID: PMC10090300 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1074061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveDuring physical activity, activation of muscular, endocrine, and nervous systems, results in intensive crosstalk between muscles and other organs, which enables response to physiological stress. In SCUBA diving, extreme environmental conditions represent an additional challenge for homeostasis maintenance, but underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of neurohormonal response and muscle-brain crosstalk by measuring the concentrations of the selected hormones secreted by the pituitary-target organ axis and myokines involved in the muscle-brain endocrine loop in recreational SCUBA (rSCUBA) divers.MethodsFourteen male divers performed five open-water recreational dives (one per week, depth of 20–30 m, lasting 30 min, between 9 and 10 am), after a winter non-diving period of 5 months. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after the first, third, and fifth dives. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), prolactin, total testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured using commercially available immunoassays.ResultsCortisol and ACTH levels decreased after every dive, while total testosterone decreased only after the first dive. No significant changes in post-dive values, as well as the cumulative effect on any other measured hormone, were observed. Although irisin and BDNF levels decreased after the first and third dives, the fifth dive caused a significant increase in both myokines. Changes in IGF-1 levels were not observed. All three dives caused a significant increase in S100B levels. A statistically significant decrease in GFAP concentration was observed after every dive, while NSE pre-dive concentration declined over the studied period. The cumulative effect on myokine levels was reflected in a continuous decline in irisin and BDNF pre-dive levels throughout the studied period, but an increasing trend after the fifth dive was observed.ConclusionsObserved changes in myokines and hormone levels point to a specific response to rSCUBA practiced once a week, most likely due to extreme environmental conditions. Further studies on communication between muscles and other organ systems, particularly on the muscle-brain endocrine loop, are required for a deeper understanding of the adaptation mechanisms to this kind of physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Njire Braticevic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrovnik General Hospital, Dubrovnik, Croatia
- Correspondence: Marina Njire Braticevic
| | - Marko Zarak
- Clinical Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brankica Simac
- Clinical Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Perovic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrovnik General Hospital, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Jerka Dumic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Elwyn R, Mitchell J, Kohn MR, Driver C, Hay P, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Novel ketamine and zinc treatment for anorexia nervosa and the potential beneficial interactions with the gut microbiome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105122. [PMID: 36907256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe illness with diverse aetiological and maintaining contributors including neurobiological, metabolic, psychological, and social determining factors. In addition to nutritional recovery, multiple psychological and pharmacological therapies and brain-based stimulations have been explored; however, existing treatments have limited efficacy. This paper outlines a neurobiological model of glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic dysfunction, exacerbated by chronic gut microbiome dysbiosis and zinc depletion at a brain and gut level. The gut microbiome is established early in development, and early exposure to stress and adversity contribute to gut microbial disturbance in AN, early dysregulation to glutamatergic and GABAergic networks, interoceptive impairment, and inhibited caloric harvest from food (e.g., zinc malabsorption, competition for zinc ions between gut bacteria and host). Zinc is a key part of glutamatergic and GABAergic networks, and also affects leptin and gut microbial function; systems dysregulated in AN. Low doses of ketamine in conjunction with zinc, could provide an efficacious combination to act on NMDA receptors and normalise glutamatergic, GABAergic and gut function in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiel Elwyn
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jules Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R Kohn
- AYA Medicine Westmead Hospital, CRASH (Centre for Research into Adolescent's Health) Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney University, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Driver
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI) School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Effectiveness of supplementation with date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) as a functional food on inflammatory markers, muscle damage, and BDNF following high-intensity interval training: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03125-9. [PMID: 36881179 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the most effective protocols, even though acute HIIT causes inflammatory and oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of date seeds powder (DSP) during HIIT sessions on inflammation markers, oxidants and antioxidants, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), exercise-induced muscle damage, and body composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six recreational runners (men and women), aged 18-35 years, were randomly assigned to consume 26 g/day of DSP or wheat bran powder during HIIT workouts for a period of 14 days. At baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 24 h after the intervention, blood samples were obtained to determine inflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant, and muscle damage markers, as well as BDNF. RESULTS DSP supplementation resulted in a significant downward trend in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Psupplement × time = 0.036), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Psupplement × time = 0.010), interleukin-6 (Psupplement × time = 0.047), malondialdehyde (Psupplement × time = 0.046), creatine kinase (Psupplement × time = 0.045), and lactate dehydrogenase (Psupplement × time = 0.040) after the intervention, as well as a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (Psupplement × time ≤ 0.001). However, interleukin-10 (Psupplement × time = 0.523), interleukin-6/interleukin-10 (Psupplement × time = 0.061), BDNF (Psupplement × time = 0.160), and myoglobin (Psupplement × time = 0.095) levels did not change significantly in comparison to the placebo group. Moreover, analysis demonstrated that DSP supplementation over 2 weeks had no significant effect on body composition. CONCLUSION During the 2 weeks of the HIIT protocol, the consumption of date seed powder by participants who had engaged in moderate or high physical activity alleviated inflammation and muscle damage. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of TBZMED (No.IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.1011). TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website ( www.IRCt.ir/ , IRCT20150205020965N9).
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Sharma V, Singh TG, Kaur A, Mannan A, Dhiman S. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Novel Dynamically Regulated Therapeutic Modulator in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:317-339. [PMID: 36308619 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) play an active role in numerous areas of the adult brain, where they regulate the neuronal activity, function, and survival. Upregulation and downregulation of BDNF expression are critical for the physiology of neuronal circuits and functioning in the brain. Loss of BDNF function has been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the BDNF gene structure, transport, secretion, expression and functions in the brain. This article also implicates BDNF in several brain-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise Restores Hypothalamic Health in Obesity by Reshaping the Inflammatory Network. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020297. [PMID: 36829858 PMCID: PMC9951965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overnutrition induce inflammation, leptin-, and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. The mediobasal hypothalamus responds to exercise enabling critical adaptions at molecular and cellular level that positively impact local inflammation. This review discusses the positive effect of exercise on obesity-induced hypothalamic dysfunction, highlighting the mechanistic aspects related to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In HFD-fed animals, both acute and chronic moderate-intensity exercise mitigate microgliosis and lower inflammation in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Notably, this associates with restored leptin sensitivity and lower food intake. Exercise-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 mediate part of these positive effect on the ARC in obese animals. The reduction of obesity-associated pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., FFAs, TNFα, resistin, and AGEs), and the improvement in the gut-brain axis represent alternative paths through which regular exercise can mitigate hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that the regular practice of exercise can restore a proper functionality in the hypothalamus in obesity. Further analysis investigating the crosstalk muscle-hypothalamus would help toward a deeper comprehension of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330356
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20
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Codella R, Chirico A. Physical Inactivity and Depression: The Gloomy Dual with Rising Costs in a Large-Scale Emergency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1603. [PMID: 36674363 PMCID: PMC9862474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At the end of October of 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released "the Global status report on physical activity 2022" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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21
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Sharma A, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin Together with Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide, Phosphorylated Tau, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induces Superior Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Pathology Exacerbated by Sleep Deprivation. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:3-53. [PMID: 37480458 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces amyloid beta peptide and phosphorylated tau deposits in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid together with altered serotonin metabolism. Thus, it is likely that sleep deprivation is one of the predisposing factors in precipitating Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology. Our previous studies indicate significant brain pathology following sleep deprivation or AD. Keeping these views in consideration in this review, nanodelivery of monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide (AβP), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in sleep deprivation-induced AD is discussed based on our own investigations. Our results suggest that nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to AβP with p-tau and TNF-α induces superior neuroprotection in AD caused by sleep deprivation, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Magaña JC, Deus CM, Giné-Garriga M, Montané J, Pereira SP. Exercise-Boosted Mitochondrial Remodeling in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123228. [PMID: 36551984 PMCID: PMC9775656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Given the estimated escalation in the number of people with PD in the coming decades, interventions aimed at minimizing morbidity and improving quality of life are crucial. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are intrinsic factors related to PD pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with PD might benefit from various forms of exercise in diverse ways, from general health improvements to disease-specific effects and, potentially, disease-modifying effects. However, the signaling and mechanism connecting skeletal muscle-increased activity and brain remodeling are poorly elucidated. In this review, we describe skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk in PD, with a special focus on mitochondrial effects, proposing mitochondrial dysfunction as a linker in the muscle-brain axis in this neurodegenerative disease and as a promising therapeutic target. Moreover, we outline how exercise secretome can improve mitochondrial health and impact the nervous system to slow down PD progression. Understanding the regulation of the mitochondrial function by exercise in PD may be beneficial in defining interventions to delay the onset of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Magaña
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cláudia M. Deus
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Montané
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
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23
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Waldemer-Streyer RJ, Kim D, Chen J. Muscle cell-derived cytokines in skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS J 2022; 289:6463-6483. [PMID: 35073461 PMCID: PMC9308828 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of the mammalian adult skeletal muscle is a well-orchestrated process regulated by multiple proteins and signalling pathways. Cytokines constitute a major class of regulators of skeletal myogenesis. It is well established that infiltrating immune cells at the site of muscle injury secrete cytokines, which play critical roles in the myofibre repair and regeneration process. In the past 10-15 years, skeletal muscle itself has emerged as a prolific producer of cytokines. Much attention in the field has been focused on the endocrine effects of muscle-secreted cytokines (myokines) on metabolic regulation. However, ample evidence suggests that muscle-derived cytokines also regulate myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration in an autocrine manner. In this review, we survey cytokines that meet two criteria: (a) evidence of expression by muscle cells; (b) evidence demonstrating a myogenic function. Dozens of cytokines representing several major classes make up this group, and together they regulate all steps of the myogenic process. How such a large array of cytokines coordinate their signalling to form a regulatory network is a fascinating, pressing question. Functional studies that can distinguish the source of the cytokines in vivo are also much needed in order to facilitate exploration of their full therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
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24
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Sierra APR, Martínez Galán BS, de Sousa CAZ, de Menezes DC, Branquinho JLDO, Neves RL, Arata JG, Bittencourt CA, Barbeiro HV, de Souza HP, Pesquero JB, Cury-Boaventura MF. Exercise Induced-Cytokines Response in Marathon Runners: Role of ACE I/D and BDKRB2 +9/-9 Polymorphisms. Front Physiol 2022; 13:919544. [PMID: 36117688 PMCID: PMC9479100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.919544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) have a different site of interaction and modulate vascular tone and inflammatory response as well on exercise adaptation, which is modulated by exercise-induced cytokines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ACE I/D and BDKRB2 +9/−9 polymorphism on exercise-induced cytokine response. Seventy-four male marathon finishers, aged 30 to 55 years, participated in this study. Plasma levels of exercise-induced cytokines were determined 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h and 72 h after the São Paulo International Marathon. Plasma concentrations of MCP-1, IL-6 and FGF-21 increased after marathon in all genotypes of BDKRB2. IL-10, FSTL and BDNF increased significantly after marathon in the genotypes with the presence of the −9 allele. FSTL and BDNF concentrations were higher in the −9/−9 genotype compared to the +9/+9 genotype before (p = 0.006) and after the race (p = 0.023), respectively. Apelin, IL-15, musclin and myostatin concentrations were significantly reduced after the race only in the presence of −9 allele. Marathon increased plasma concentrations of MCP1, IL-6, BDNF and FGF-21 in all genotypes of ACE I/D polymorphism. Plasma concentrations of IL-8 and MIP-1alpha before the race (p = 0.015 and p = 0.031, respectively), of MIP-1alpha and IL-10 after the race (p = 0.033 and p = 0.047, respectively) and VEGF 72 h after the race (p = 0.018) were lower in II homozygotes compared to runners with the presence of D allele. One day after the race we also observed lower levels of MIP-1alpha in runners with II homozygotes compared to DD homozygotes (p = 0.026). Before the marathon race myostatin concentrations were higher in DD compared to II genotypes (p = 0.009). Myostatin, musclin, IL-15, IL-6 and apelin levels decreased after race in genotypes with the presence of D allele. After the race ACE activity was negatively correlated with MCP1 (r = −56, p < 0.016) and positively correlated with IL-8, IL-10 and MIP1-alpha (r = 0.72, p < 0.0007, r = 0.72, p < 0.0007, r = 0.47, p < 0.048, respectively). The runners with the −9/−9 genotype have greater response in exercise-induced cytokines related to muscle repair and cardioprotection indicating that BDKRB2 participate on exercise adaptations and runners with DD genotype have greater inflammatory response as well as ACE activity was positively correlated with inflammatory mediators. DD homozygotes also had higher myostatin levels which modulates protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Steve Martínez Galán
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Duane Cardoso de Menezes
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Leão Neves
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura,
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25
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Reichel T, Hacker S, Palmowski J, Boßlau TK, Frech T, Tirekoglou P, Weyh C, Bothur E, Samel S, Walscheid R, Krüger K. Neurophysiological Markers for Monitoring Exercise and Recovery Cycles in Endurance Sports. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:446-457. [PMID: 36157384 PMCID: PMC9459760 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study analyzes the suitability and reliability of selected neurophysiological and vegetative nervous system markers as biomarkers for exercise and recovery in endurance sport. Sixty-two healthy men and women, endurance trained and moderately trained, performed two identical acute endurance tests (running trial 1 and running trial 2) followed by a washout period of four weeks. Exercise protocol consisted of an acute running trial lasting 60 minutes. An intensity corresponding to 95% of the heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold for 40 minutes was followed by 20 minutes at 110%. At pre-exercise, post-exercise, three hours post-exercise and 24 hours post-exercise, experimental diagnostics on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), heart rate variability (HRV), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were performed. Significant changes over time were found for all parameters (p < .05). Furthermore, there was an approached statistical significance in the interaction between gender and training status in BDNF regulation (F(3) = 2.43; p = 0.06), while gender differences were found only for LF/HF-ratio (3hPoEx, F(3) = 3.40; p = 0.002). Regarding the reliability, poor ICC-values (< 0.5) were found for BDNF, Stroop sensitivity and pNN50, while all other parameters showed moderate ICC-values (0.5-0.75). Plasma-BDNF, SCWT performance, pain perception and all HRV parameters are suitable exercise-sensitive markers after an acute endurance exercise. Moreover, pain perception, SCWT reaction time and all HRV parameters show a moderate reliability, others rather poor. In summary, a selected neurophysiological and vegetative marker panel can be used to determine exercise load and recovery in endurance sports, but its repeatability is limited due to its vaguely reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hacker
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana Palmowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Konstantin Boßlau
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Frech
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Paulos Tirekoglou
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Evita Bothur
- Medical Center for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Koblenz-Mittelrhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Samel
- Medical Center for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Koblenz-Mittelrhein, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Walscheid
- Medical Center for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Koblenz-Mittelrhein, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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26
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Faraldi M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Gomarasca M, Gerosa L, Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Acute changes in free and extracellular vesicle-associated circulating miRNAs and myokine profile in professional sky-runners during the Gran Sasso d’Italia vertical run. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915080. [PMID: 36090046 PMCID: PMC9459384 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of gene expression profile, a first step in adaptation to exercise, leads to changes in the level of molecules associated with skeletal muscle activity and energy metabolism—such as myokines—as well as those involved in their transcriptional regulation, like microRNA. This study aimed to investigate the influence of strenuous exercise on circulating microRNAs and their possible association with myokine response. Pre-competition and post-competition plasma samples were collected from 14 male athletes participating in a vertical run (+1,000 m gain, 3,600 m length). Circulating total (t-miRNA) and extracellular vesicle-associated (EV-miRNA) miRNAs were extracted from the pooled plasma. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to investigate pre- and post-competition EV concentration and size distribution. A panel of 179 miRNAs was assayed by qPCR and analyzed by Exiqon GenEx v6 normalized on the global mean. t-miRNA and EV-miRNAs whose level was ≥5-fold up- or down-regulated were validated for each single subject. Target prediction on MirWalk v3.0, Gene-Ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis on Panther v17.0 were performed to define the potential biological role of the identified miRNAs. A panel of 14 myokines was assayed in each sample by a multiplex immunoassay. In whole plasma, five miRNAs were upregulated and two were downregulated; in the EV fraction, five miRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a similar EV size distribution in pre- and post-competition samples and a decreased concentration in post-competition samples related to pre-competition samples. Gene-Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs were potentially involved in metabolism regulation in response to exercise. Correlation between fold-change of the post-competition relative to pre-competition plasma level of both t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs and myokines further confirmed these results. This study provides an example of a systemic response to acute endurance exercise, in which circulating miRNAs play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Perego,
| | - M. Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Gerosa
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - N. Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Polska
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27
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Benarroch E. What Muscle Signals Mediate the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Cognition? Neurology 2022; 99:298-304. [PMID: 35970575 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Kujach S, Chroboczek M, Jaworska J, Sawicka A, Smaruj M, Winklewski P, Laskowski R. Judo training program improves brain and muscle function and elevates the peripheral BDNF concentration among the elderly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13900. [PMID: 35974038 PMCID: PMC9381784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed exercise interventions modulating both physical fitness and cognitive functions have become a promising tool to support healthy aging. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of a 12-week judo training (JEX) on cognitive processing and muscle function among the elderly. Forty participants were divided into two groups: the JEX group and the control group (CTL). Before and after 12-week of JEX, participants performed a battery of physiological and psychological tests. The peripheral level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was analyzed. A 12-week JEX intervention led to improved Stroop performance reflected by a shortening of the response time related to Stroop “naming” interference. In addition, the peripheral concentration of BDNF was significantly increased following the JEX compared with the CTL group. In response to JEX, balance and lower limb strength significantly increased. The current results suggest that JEX could have beneficial effects on cognitive functions, denoted by elevated peripheral BDNF, as well as on balance and strength abilities. A combination of positive effects with respect to movement and cognition makes JEX an ideal preventive lifestyle modification for the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kujach
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Chroboczek
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Angelika Sawicka
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Smaruj
- Department of Theory of Sport and Human Motorics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pawel Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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29
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Humińska-Lisowska K, Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Niewczas M, Lachowicz M, Cięszczyk P, Masiak J, Strońska-Pluta A, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Maculewicz E, Grzywacz A. Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor rs6265 Gene Polymorphism with Personality Dimensions among Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9732. [PMID: 35955088 PMCID: PMC9367731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) is one of the essential mediating factors of exercise-induced neuroplasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroplasticity are still largely unknown. Personality dimensions differentiate individuals and depend on genes and environmental factors. The dimensions of openness to experience, emotional stability, extraversion and conscientiousness have been reported to be positively related to performance; considering agreeableness, a negative relation with sports performance was emphasized. However, not enough effort has been put into investigating the relationship between genetic polymorphisms affecting psychological abilities and competitive power sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the rs6265 polymorphism of BDNF with personality dimensions in martial arts athletes. The study was conducted among martial arts athletes. The study group included 258 volunteers (martial arts athletes (n = 106) and controls (n = 152). BDNF polymorphism testing was performed using the real-time PCR method; personality dimensions were assessed using standardized NEO-FFI questionnaires. All analyses were performed using STATISTICA 13. We observed that martial arts athletes’ G/G genotypes compared to the control group G/G genotypes presented significantly higher severity of personality dimension “conscientiousness”. In comparison with the controls, the case group subjects had significantly higher scores in the dimension extraversion (M 6.89 vs. M 6.43, p = 0.0405) and conscientiousness/scale (M 7.23 vs. M 5.89, p < 0.0001). The results of 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA noticed a statistically significant effect of combined factor BDNF rs6265 genotype of martial arts/control (F2,252 = 3.11, p = 0.0465, η2 = 0.024). Additionally, we observed that the results of 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant influence of combined factor BDNF rs6265 of genotype martial arts/ control (F2,252 = 6.16, p = 0.0024, η2 = 0.047). The combination of the analysis of personality dimensions with genetics—as in the case of the polymorphism of the BDNF gene related to neuroplasticity—indicates that neurobiology cannot be ignored in educating sports champions. We already know that this is related to genetics. However, little is still known about the influence of personality traits on sports performance. We observed that martial arts athletes’ G/G genotypes, in comparison to the control group’s G/G genotypes, presented significantly higher severity of personality dimension “conscientiousness”. This is worthy of further analysis and probably longitudinal studies on a more numerous group of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marta Niewczas
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Milena Lachowicz
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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Is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor a Metabolic Hormone in Peripheral Tissues? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071063. [PMID: 36101441 PMCID: PMC9312804 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDF) in the central nervous system has been well-studied, but its physiological role in other organs has not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the current findings on the functionality of BDNF in various peripheral tissues and discusses several unresolved questions in the field. Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important growth factor in the central nervous system. In addition to its well-known activities in promoting neuronal survival, neuron differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, neuronal BDNF also regulates energy homeostasis by modulating the hypothalamus’s hormonal signals. In the past decades, several peripheral tissues, including liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue, were demonstrated as the active sources of BDNF synthesis in response to different metabolic challenges. Nevertheless, the functions of BDNF in these tissues remain obscure. With the use of tissue-specific Bdnf knockout animals and the availability of non-peptidyl BDNF mimetic, increasing evidence has reported that peripheral tissues-derived BDNF might play a significant role in maintaining systemic metabolism, possibly through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in the various tissues. This article reviews the autocrine/paracrine/endocrine functions of BDNF in non-neuronal tissues and discusses the unresolved questions about BDNF’s function.
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Schirò G, Iacono S, Ragonese P, Aridon P, Salemi G, Balistreri CR. A Brief Overview on BDNF-Trk Pathway in the Nervous System: A Potential Biomarker or Possible Target in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis? Front Neurol 2022; 13:917527. [PMID: 35911894 PMCID: PMC9332890 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.917527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of neurodegenerative disorders in our populations is leading the research to identify potential biomarkers and targets for facilitating their early management and treatments. Biomarkers represent the crucial indicators of both physiological and pathological processes. Specific changes in molecular and cellular mechanisms of physiological processes result in biochemical alterations at systemic level, which can give us comprehensive information regarding the nature of any disease. In addition, any disease biomarker should be specific and reliable, able to consent of distinguishing the physiological condition of a tissue, organ, or system from disease, and be diverse among the various diseases, or subgroups or phenotypes of them. Accordingly, biomarkers can predict chances for diseases, facilitate their early diagnosis, and set guidelines for the development of new therapies for treating diseases and disease-making process. Here, we focus our attention on brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) pathway, describing its multiple roles in the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) health, as well as its implication in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, we also evidence the features of such pathway, which make of it a potential MS biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schirò
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iacono
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Paolo Ragonese
| | - Paolo Aridon
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Giuseppe Salemi
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carmela Rita Balistreri ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-1007
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Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Mi Q, Martin BJ, Sahu A, Flanagan SD, Ledford AK, Wright M, Susmarski A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Neuroendocrine, Inflammatory, and Extracellular Vesicle Responses During the Navy Special Warfare Screener Selection Course. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:283-295. [PMID: 35695270 PMCID: PMC9291410 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00184.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military operational stress is known to increase adrenal hormones and inflammatory cytokines, while decreasing hormones associated with the anabolic milieu and neuroendocrine system. Less is known about the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a form of cell-to-cell communication, in military operational stress and their relationship to circulating hormones. PURPOSE To characterize the neuroendocrine, cytokine, and EV response to an intense, 24-h selection course known as the Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Screener and identify associations between EVs and cytokines. METHODS Blood samples were collected the morning of and following the NSW Screener in 29 men (18 - 26 years). Samples were analyzed for concentrations of cortisol, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), α-klotho, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNFα), and interleukins (IL) -1β, -6, and -10. EVs stained with markers associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), and apoptotic bodies (THSD1) were characterized using imaging flow cytometry and vesicle flow cytometry. RESULTS The selection event induced significant changes in circulating BDNF (-43.2%), IGF-I (-24.56%), TNFα (+17.7%), IL-6 (+13.6%), accompanied by increases in intensities of THSD1+ and VAMP3+ EVs (all p<0.05). Higher concentrations of IL-1β and IL-10 were positively associated with THSD1+ EVs (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Military operational stress altered the EV profile. Surface markers associated with apoptotic bodies were positively correlated with an inflammatory response. Future studies should consider a multi-omics assessment of EV cargo to discern canonical pathways that may be mediated by EVs during military stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qi Mi
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew K Ledford
- Department of Leadership, Ethics, and Law, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Martin Wright
- Human Performance Lab, Physical Education Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Adam Susmarski
- Brigade Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, U.S. Navy Academy, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Drewe J, Boonen G, Culmsee C. Treat more than heat-New therapeutic implications of Cimicifuga racemosa through AMPK-dependent metabolic effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154060. [PMID: 35338990 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cimicifuga racemosa extracts (CRE) have obtained a "well-established use status" in the treatment of postmenopausal (i.e., climacteric) complaints, which predominantly include vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes and sweating, as well as nervousness, irritability, and metabolic changes. Although characteristic postmenopausal complaints are known for a very long time and the beneficial effects of CRE on climacteric symptoms are well accepted, both the pathophysiology of postmenopausal symptoms and the mechanism of action of CREs are not yet fully understood. In particular, current hypotheses suggest that changes in the α-adrenergic and serotonergic signaling pathways secondary to estrogen depletion are responsible for the development of hot flushes. PURPOSE Some of the symptoms associated with menopause cannot be explained by these hypotheses. Therefore, we attempted to extend our classic understanding of menopause by integrating of partly age-related metabolic impairments. METHODS A comprehensive literature survey was performed using the PubMed database for articles published through September 2021. The following search terms were used: (cimicifuga OR AMPK) AND (hot flush* OR hot flash* OR menopaus* OR osteoporos* OR cancer OR antioxida* OR cardiovasc*). No limits were set with respect to language, and the references cited in the articles retrieved were used to identify additional publications. RESULTS We found that menopause is a manifestation of the general aging process, with specific metabolic changes that aggravate menopausal symptoms, which are accelerated by estrogen depletion and associated neurotransmitter dysregulation. Cimicifuga extracts with their metabolic effects mitigate climacteric symptoms but may also modulate the aging process itself. Central to these effects are effects of CRE on the metabolic key regulator, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSIONS As an extension of this effect dimension, other off-label indications may appear attractive in the sense of repurposing of this herbal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Drewe
- Medical Department, Max Zeller Soehne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland.
| | - Georg Boonen
- Medical Department, Max Zeller Soehne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Lopez P, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Newton RU, Nonemacher ER, Wendt VM, Bassanesi RN, Turella DJP, Rech A. Resistance training effectiveness on body composition and body weight outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13428. [PMID: 35191588 PMCID: PMC9285060 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on body composition, regional adiposity, and body weight in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials were searched in nine electronic databases up to December 2020. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model. One-hundred sixteen articles describing 114 trials (n = 4184 participants) were included. Interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction were the most effective for reducing body fat percentage (ES = -3.8%, 95% CI: -4.7 to -2.9%, p < 0.001) and whole-body fat mass (ES = -5.3 kg, 95% CI: -7.2 to -3.5 kg, p < 0.001) compared with groups without intervention. Significant results were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise (ES = -2.3% and -1.4 kg, p < 0.001) and resistance training alone (ES = -1.6% and -1.0 kg, p < 0.001) compared with no training controls. Resistance training alone was the most effective for increasing lean mass compared with no training controls (ES = 0.8 kg, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0 kg, p < 0.001), whereas lean mass was maintained following interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction (ES = ~ - 0.3 kg, p = 0.550-0.727). Results were consistently observed across age and sex groups (p = 0.001-0.011). Reductions in regional adiposity and body weight measures were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise and programs including caloric restriction (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that resistance-based exercise programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program when caloric restriction is utilized in individuals with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research InstituteEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Dennis R. Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research InstituteEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Daniel A. Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research InstituteEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Robert U. Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research InstituteEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Douglas J. P. Turella
- Centro Clínico UCSUniversidade de Caxias do SulCaxias do SulBrazil
- Curso de Educação FísicaUniversidade de Caxias do SulCaxias do SulBrazil
| | - Anderson Rech
- Curso de Educação FísicaUniversidade de Caxias do SulCaxias do SulBrazil
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Biogenesis and Function of Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiological Processes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rai M, Demontis F. Muscle-to-Brain Signaling Via Myokines and Myometabolites. Brain Plast 2022; 8:43-63. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health and function are important determinants of systemic metabolic homeostasis and organism-wide responses, including disease outcome. While it is well known that exercise protects the central nervous system (CNS) from aging and disease, only recently this has been found to depend on the endocrine capacity of skeletal muscle. Here, we review muscle-secreted growth factors and cytokines (myokines), metabolites (myometabolites), and other unconventional signals (e.g. bioactive lipid species, enzymes, and exosomes) that mediate muscle-brain and muscle-retina communication and neuroprotection in response to exercise and associated processes, such as the muscle unfolded protein response and metabolic stress. In addition to impacting proteostasis, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions, muscle-brain signaling influences complex brain-dependent behaviors, such as depression, sleeping patterns, and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, myokine signaling adapts feeding behavior to meet the energy demands of skeletal muscle. Contrary to protective myokines induced by exercise and associated signaling pathways, inactivity and muscle wasting may derange myokine expression and secretion and in turn compromise CNS function. We propose that tailoring muscle-to-CNS signaling by modulating myokines and myometabolites may combat age-related neurodegeneration and brain diseases that are influenced by systemic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Einstein O, Katz A, Ben-Hur T. Physical exercise therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation: Application of knowledge from animal models to patient care. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103033. [PMID: 34995760 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) impacts various autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, clinical trials demonstrated the safety of PE in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and indicated beneficial outcomes. There is also an increasing body of research on the beneficial effects of exercise on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, and various mechanisms underlying these effects were suggested. However, despite the documented favorable impact of PE on our health, we still lack a thorough understanding of its effects on autoimmune neuroinflammation and specific guidelines of PE therapy for MS patients are lacking. To that end, current findings on the impact of PE on autoimmune neuroinflammation, both in human MS and animal models are reviewed. The concept of personalized PE therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation is discussed, and future research for providing biological rationale for clinical trials to pave the road for precise PE therapy in MS patients is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Minuzzi LG, Seelaender M, Silva BSDA, Cunha EDBB, Deus MDC, Vasconcellos FTF, Marqueze LFB, Gadotti AC, Baena CP, Pereira T, Krüger K, Amaral ANM, Pinho RA, Lira FS. COVID-19 Outcome Relates With Circulating BDNF, According to Patient Adiposity and Age. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784429. [PMID: 34957187 PMCID: PMC8704131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: We evaluated adipose tissue-derived hormones, body composition, serum metabolic profile, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the association of these parameters with the clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19. We sought to examine whether obesity, sex, and age influence the adipose tissue endocrine response to the disease. Methods: This prospective study investigated 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients were categorized based on their body mass index (BMI), sex and age, and were also classified regarding their outcome after hospitalization as: (a) Non-ICU: patients hospitalized who did not receive intensive care; (b) ICU-survivor: patients admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged; (c) ICU-death: patients who died. Blood samples were collected by the hospital staff between the first and third day of hospitalization. Serum leptin, adiponectin and BDNF concentrations, triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions were performed following the manufacturer's guidelines. Results: We demonstrate that BDNF levels predict intensive care (IC) need (p < 0.01). This association was found to be stronger in patients >60y (p = 0.026). Neither leptin nor adiponectin concentration was associated with IC requirement or with patient's outcome, while the BDNF/adiponectin ratio was closely associated with worsened outcomes (p < 0.01). BDNF concentration was similar between sexes, however tended to be lower in male patients (p = 0.023). In older patients, BDNF concentration was lower than that of younger patients (p = 0.020). These age and sex-specific differences should be considered when employing these potential markers for prognosis assessment. While appetite and body composition regulating hormones secreted by the white adipose tissue are not reliable predictors of disease severity, the ratio BDNF/adiponectin was indicative of patient status. Conclusion: Thus, we propose that serum BDNF content and BDNF/adiponectin ratio may serve as tools predicting worsened prognosis in COVID-19, especially for male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Spolador De Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Marina De Castro Deus
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Felipe Beltrão Marqueze
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gadotti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andréa Novais Moreno Amaral
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Aby K, Antony R, Eichholz M, Srinivasan R, Li Y. Enhanced pro-BDNF-p75NTR pathway activity in denervated skeletal muscle. Life Sci 2021; 286:120067. [PMID: 34678261 PMCID: PMC8595791 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the related receptors TrkB and p75NTR are expressed in skeletal muscle, yet their functions remain to be fully understood. Skeletal muscle denervation, which occurs in spinal injury, peripheral neuropathies, and aging, negatively affects muscle mass and function. In this study, we wanted to understand the role of BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR in denervation-induced adverse effects on skeletal muscle. MAIN METHODS Mice with unilateral sciatic denervation were used. Protein levels of pro- and mature BDNF, TrkB, p75NTR, activations of their downstream signaling pathways, and inflammation in the control and denervated muscle were measured with Western blot and tissue staining. Treatment with a p75NTR inhibitor and BDNF skeletal muscle specific knockout in mice were used to examine the role of p75NTR and pro-BDNF. KEY FINDINGS In denervated muscle, pro-BDNF and p75NTR were significantly upregulated, and JNK and NF-kB, two major downstream signaling pathways of p75NTR, were activated, along with muscle atrophy and inflammation. Inhibition of p75NTR using LM11A-31 significantly reduced JNK activation and inflammatory cytokines in the denervated muscle. Moreover, skeletal muscle specific knockout of BDNF reduced pro-BDNF level, JNK activation and inflammation in the denervated muscle. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal for the first time that the upregulation of pro-BDNF and activation of p75NTR pathway are involved in denervation-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle. The results suggest that inhibition of pro-BDNF-p75NTR pathway can be a new target to treat skeletal muscle inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Aby
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Ryan Antony
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Mary Eichholz
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
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Activation of Three Major Signaling Pathways After Endurance Training and Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:950-967. [PMID: 34811634 PMCID: PMC8857148 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training on expression of growth factors (GFs) and stimulation of neurotrophin-dependent signaling pathways (PI3k/Akt, PLCγ/PKC, PLCγ/CAMKII, Ras-Erk1/2 and Rac1-Cdc42) responsible for neuroplasticity, neuroregeneration, survival and growth after spinal cord injury (SCI). Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (i) intact controls; (ii) 6 weeks of endurance training; (iii) SCI; (iv) pre-training + SCI. The animals survived for 6 weeks after SCI. Firstly, endurance training markedly upregulated mRNA expression and protein levels (up to four times) of growth factors (BDNF, GDNF) and their receptors (TrkB, Gfrα) in low thoracic segments (Th8–Th10) compared to levels in untrained animals. Secondly, we found that spontaneous neuroplasticity seen in the SCI alone group was GF-specific and was activated through both PLCγ-PKC and PLC-CAMKII signaling pathways. In addition, training prior to SCI markedly increased the activity of PLCγ-PKC signaling at both transcript and protein levels at and around the lesion site. Similar effects were seen in expression of PI3k/Akt and Ras/Erk1/2 signaling responsible for cell survival and regeneration. Thirdly, rats which underwent physical activity prior to SCI were more active and had significantly better neurological scores at the 14th and 42nd days of survival. These results suggest that regular physical activity could play an important role after SCI, as it maintains increased expression of GFs in spinal cord tissue 6 weeks post-SCI. The BDNF- and/or BDNF + GDNF-dependent signaling pathways were significantly affected in pre-trained SCI animals. In contrast, GDNF-dependent Rac1-Cdc42 signaling was not involved in training-affected SCI response.
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Di Rosa MC, Zimbone S, Saab MW, Tomasello MF. The Pleiotropic Potential of BDNF beyond Neurons: Implication for a Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111256. [PMID: 34833132 PMCID: PMC8625665 DOI: 10.3390/life11111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) represents one of the most widely studied neurotrophins because of the many mechanisms in which it is involved. Among these, a growing body of evidence indicates BDNF as a pleiotropic signaling molecule and unveils non-negligible implications in the regulation of energy balance. BDNF and its receptor are extensively expressed in the hypothalamus, regions where peripheral signals, associated with feeding control and metabolism activation, and are integrated to elaborate anorexigenic and orexigenic effects. Thus, BDNF coordinates adaptive responses to fluctuations in energy intake and expenditure, connecting the central nervous system with peripheral tissues, including muscle, liver, and the adipose tissue in a complex operational network. This review discusses the latest literature dealing with the involvement of BDNF in the maintenance of energy balance. We have focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which BDNF: (I) controls the mitochondrial function and dynamics; (II) influences thermogenesis and tissue differentiation; (III) mediates the effects of exercise on cognitive functions; and (IV) modulates insulin sensitivity and glucose transport at the cellular level. Deepening the understanding of the mechanisms exploited to maintain energy homeostasis will lay the groundwork for the development of novel therapeutical approaches to help people to maintain a healthy mind in a healthy body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.D.R.); (M.W.S.)
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Zimbone
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.D.R.); (M.W.S.)
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Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise tolls the bell for key mediators of low-grade inflammation in dysmetabolic conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:83-93. [PMID: 34620559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic conditions share a common low-grade inflammatory milieu, which represents a key-factor for their ignition and maintenance. Exercise is instrumental for warranting systemic cardio-metabolic balance, owing to its regulatory effect on inflammation. This review explores the effect of physical activity in the modulation of sub-inflammatory framework characterizing dysmetabolic conditions. Regular exercise suppresses plasma levels of TNFα, IL-1β, FFAs and MCP-1, in dysmetabolic subjects. In addition, a single session of training increases the anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and muscle-derived IL-6, mitigating low-grade inflammation. Resting IL-6 levels are decreased in trained-dysmetabolic subjects, compared to sedentary. On the other hand, the acute release of muscle-IL-6, after exercise, seems to exert a regulatory effect on the metabolic and inflammatory balance. In fact, muscle-released IL-6 is presumably implicated in fat loss and boosts plasma levels of IL-10 and IL-1ra. The improvement of adipose tissue functionality, following regular exercise, is also critical for the mitigation of sub-inflammation. This effect is likely mediated by muscle-released IL-15 and IL-6 and partly relies on the brown-shifting of white adipocytes, induced by exercise. In obese-dysmetabolic subjects, moderate training is shown to restore gut-microbiota health, and this mitigates the translocation of bacterial-LPS into bloodstream. Finally, regular exercise can lower plasma advanced glycated endproducts. The articulated physiology of circulating mediators and the modulating effect of the pathophysiological background, render the comprehension of the exercise-regulatory effect on sub-inflammation a key issue, in dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
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Belaya I, Kucháriková N, Górová V, Kysenius K, Hare DJ, Crouch PJ, Malm T, Atalay M, White AR, Liddell JR, Kanninen KM. Regular Physical Exercise Modulates Iron Homeostasis in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168715. [PMID: 34445419 PMCID: PMC8395833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of brain iron metabolism is one of the pathological features of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. While physical inactivity is one of the risk factors for AD and regular exercise improves cognitive function and reduces pathology associated with AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of regular physical exercise on modulation of iron homeostasis in the brain and periphery of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. By using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a variety of biochemical techniques, we measured total iron content and level of proteins essential in iron homeostasis in the brain and skeletal muscles of sedentary and exercised mice. Long-term voluntary running induced redistribution of iron resulted in altered iron metabolism and trafficking in the brain and increased iron content in skeletal muscle. Exercise reduced levels of cortical hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, coupled with interleukin-6 (IL-6) decrease in cortex and plasma. We propose that regular exercise induces a reduction of hepcidin in the brain, possibly via the IL-6/STAT3/JAK1 pathway. These findings indicate that regular exercise modulates iron homeostasis in both wild-type and AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Belaya
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Nina Kucháriková
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Veronika Górová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Anthony R. White
- Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Jeffrey R. Liddell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (P.J.C.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (I.B.); (N.K.); (V.G.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Leuchtmann AB, Adak V, Dilbaz S, Handschin C. The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations. Front Physiol 2021; 12:709807. [PMID: 34456749 PMCID: PMC8387622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise, in the form of endurance or resistance training, leads to specific molecular and cellular adaptions not only in skeletal muscles, but also in many other organs such as the brain, liver, fat or bone. In addition to direct effects of exercise on these organs, the production and release of a plethora of different signaling molecules from skeletal muscle are a centerpiece of systemic plasticity. Most studies have so far focused on the regulation and function of such myokines in acute exercise bouts. In contrast, the secretome of long-term training adaptation remains less well understood, and the contribution of non-myokine factors, including metabolites, enzymes, microRNAs or mitochondrial DNA transported in extracellular vesicles or by other means, is underappreciated. In this review, we therefore provide an overview on the current knowledge of endurance and resistance exercise-induced factors of the skeletal muscle secretome that mediate muscular and systemic adaptations to long-term training. Targeting these factors and leveraging their functions could not only have broad implications for athletic performance, but also for the prevention and therapy in diseased and elderly populations.
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Ohko H, Umemoto Y, Sakurai Y, Araki S, Kojima D, Kamijo Y, Murai K, Yasuoka Y, Tajima F. The effects of endurance exercise combined with high-temperature head-out water immersion on serum concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy young men. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1077-1085. [PMID: 34278925 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1922761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate acute changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration following combined endurance exercise and heat stress through head-out water immersion (HOI). SETTING Observational study with crossover design. METHODS Ten healthy young male participants performed HOI at 40 °C (40 °C HOI) or continuous cycling at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake while immersed in 40 °C (40 °C HOI-ex) or 23 °C water (23 °C HOI-ex) for 15 min. Serum BDNF, cortisol and lactate concentrations, and core temperature (Tcore) were measured pre, immediately post, and 15 and 30 min post-immersion. RESULTS BDNF concentration increased immediately and 15 min after 40 °C HOI-ex, but not after 40 °C or 23 °C HOI-ex. No changes in Tcore concentration were observed during 23 °C HOI-ex (Pre; 37.3 °C ± 0.3 °C, Post; 37.8 °C ± 0.2 °C, Post 15; 37.4 °C ± 0.3 °C, Post 30; 37.2 °C ± 0.2 °C). Tcore increased significantly post, post 15, and post 30 min of 40 °C HOI (Pre; 37.1 °C ± 0.4 °C, Post; 38.8 °C ± 0.5 °C, Post 15; 37.9 °C ± 0.4 °C, Post 30; 37.9 °C ± 0.2 °C) and 40 °C HOI-ex (Pre; 37.2 °C ± 0.2 °C, Post; 40.2 °C ± 0.7 °C, Post 15; 38.9 °C ± 0.5 °C, Post 30; 38.3 °C ± 0.5 °C). Tcore was higher in 40 °C HOI-ex compared with 40 °C HOI and 23 °C HOI-ex immediately post and post 15 min. Plasma lactate and cortisol were significantly higher in 40 °C HOI-ex compared with 40 °C HOI and 23 °C HOI-ex after immersion (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION While 15 min HOI alone or thermoneutral exercise do not increase BDNF concentration, both combined may form a time-efficient strategy to acutely elevate BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasunori Umemoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakurai
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuurachou, Japan
| | - Shouhei Araki
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuurachou, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kojima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kota Murai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yasuoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.,Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuurachou, Japan
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Dos Santos Trombeta JC, Junior RCV, Cavaglieri CR, Bonfante ILP, Prestes J, Tibana RA, Ghayomzadeh M, Souza VC, Seyedalinaghi S, Navalta JW, Voltarelli FA. Combined Physical Training Increases Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels, But Not Irisin in People Living with HIV/AIDS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2021; 14:1004-1017. [PMID: 34567363 PMCID: PMC8439702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated plasma levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), irisin, and lactate in people living with HIV/AIDS who completed a combined physical training program. Nineteen HIV+ participants (age: 39.60 ± 10.96 years; carrier time: 7.75 ± 7.88 years; time of ART: 6.41 ± 5.93 years) performed strength/aerobic training (combined physical training) in the same session for 8 weeks and levels of BDNF, irisin, and lactate were assessed. BDNF (pg/mL) was higher post-CPT (Pre: 1258.73 ± 372.30; Post: 1504.17 ± 322.30; p < 0.001). Irisin (ng/mL) showed no change (Pre: 115.61 ± 72.41; Post: 125.87 ± 81.14; p = 0.973). There was positive correlation between irisin and lactate (mmol/L) pre (r = 0.55, p = 0.04), and lactate values were higher in the group with the highest value of irisin (3.65 ± 0.69 × 2.82 ± 0.59, p = 0.02). Combined physical training results in increased basal BDNF in people living with HIV/AIDS, this finding suggests that increased concentration of BDNF may be associated with decreased chances of developing cognitive disorders or HIV-associated dementia. Further studies involving molecular mechanisms on this subject are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Luiz Padilha Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Hortolândia campus, Hortolândia, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Morteza Ghayomzadeh
- Iranian Research center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vinícius Carolino Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi
- Iranian Research center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - James W Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MS, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neurogenesis and in the protection against oxidative damage and neuronal apoptosis. After exercise, there is an increased expression of this myokine, especially in skeletal muscle and brain. Low BDNF levels have been described in neurodegenerative diseases. Alcoholics show both muscle atrophy and brain atrophy. Thus, this study was performed in order to analyze serum BDNF levels among alcoholics and their associations with brain atrophy and muscle strength. METHODS Serum BDNF values were determined to 82 male alcoholics and 27 age-matched controls, and compared with handgrip strength, with the presence of brain atrophy, assessed by computed tomography, and with the intensity of alcoholism and liver function derangement. RESULTS BDNF levels and handgrip strength were significantly lower among patients. Handgrip strength was correlated with BDNF values, both in the whole population and in alcoholics, especially in patients over 59 years of age. BDNF was poorly related to liver dysfunction but showed no relationship with brain atrophy or age. CONCLUSION Chronic alcoholics show decreased BDNF serum levels that are related to muscle function impairment rather than to age, brain atrophy, liver dysfunction, or the amount of ethanol consumed.
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Hacker S, Reichel T, Hecksteden A, Weyh C, Gebhardt K, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Krüger K. Recovery-Stress Response of Blood-Based Biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115776. [PMID: 34072201 PMCID: PMC8199256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate blood-based biomarkers and their regulation with regard to different recovery-stress states. A total of 35 male elite athletes (13 badminton, 22 soccer players) were recruited, and two venous blood samples were taken: one in a ‘recovered’ state (REC) after a minimum of one-day rest from exercise and another one in a ‘non-recovered’ state (NOR) after a habitual loading microcycle. Overall, 23 blood-based biomarkers of different physiologic domains, which address inflammation, muscle damage, and tissue repair, were analyzed by Luminex assays. Across all athletes, only creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL-) 6, and IL-17A showed higher concentrations at NOR compared to REC time points. In badminton players, higher levels of CK and IL-17A at NOR were found. In contrast, a higher value for S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) at REC was found in badminton players. Similar differences were found for BDNF in soccer players. Soccer players also showed increased levels of CK, and IL-6 at NOR compared to REC state. Several molecular markers were shown to be responsive to differing recovery-stress states, but their suitability as biomarkers in training must be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hacker
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany; (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany; (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany; (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Kristina Gebhardt
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany; (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Mark Pfeiffer
- Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Alexander Ferrauti
- Department of Training & Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Unit of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany; (S.H.); (T.R.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-641-9925-211
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Murawska-Ciałowicz E, de Assis GG, Clemente FM, Feito Y, Stastny P, Zuwała-Jagiełło J, Bibrowicz B, Wolański P. Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8599. [PMID: 33883635 PMCID: PMC8060323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a nine-week intervention of four different high-intensity training modalities [high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity power training (HIPT), and high-intensity endurance training (HIET)] on the resting concentration of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In addition, we evaluated the BDNF responses to Graded Exercise Test (GXT) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) in men. Thirty-five healthy individuals with body mass index 25.55 ± 2.35 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into four training groups. During nine-weeks they completed three exercise sessions per week for one-hour. BDNF was analyzed before and after a GXT and WAnT in two stages: (stage 0-before training and stage 9-after nine weeks of training). At stage 0, an increase in BDNF concentration was observed in HIFT (33%; p < 0.05), HIPT (36%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (38%; p < 0.05) after GXT. Even though HIET showed an increase in BDNF (10%) this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At stage 9, higher BDNF levels after GXT were seen only for the HIFT (30%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (18%; p < 0.05) groups. Reduction in BDNF levels were noted after the WAnT in stage 0 for HIFT (- 47%; p < 0.01), HIPT (- 49%; p < 0.001), HIET (- 18%; p < 0.05)], with no changes in the HIIT group (- 2%). At stage 9, BDNF was also reduced after WAnT, although these changes were lower compared to stage 0. The reduced level of BDNF was noted in the HIFT (- 28%; p < 0.05), and HIPT (- 19%;p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, all groups saw an improvement in VO2max (8%; p < 0.001), while BDNF was also correlated with lactate and minute ventilation and selected WAnT parameters. Our research has shown that resting values of BDNF after nine weeks of different forms of high-intensity training (HIT) have not changed or were reduced. Resting BDNF measured at 3th (before GXT at stage 9) and 6th day after long lasting HITs (before WAnT at stage 9) did not differed (before GXT), but in comparison to the resting value before WAnT at the baseline state, was lower in three groups. It appears that BDNF levels after one bout of exercise is depended on duration time, intensity and type of test/exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAN, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Paweł Wolański
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
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50
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Donati F, Sian V, Biasini GM, de la Torre X, Folchitto F, Botrè F. Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Other Neurotrophins in Elite Athletes: Potential Markers of the Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Sport. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:619573. [PMID: 33912829 PMCID: PMC8071936 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.619573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that may enhance mental and physical performance in sports, representing a potential new form of doping (“brain doping” or “electromagnetic doping”). This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for detecting the possible abuse of tDCS in sport. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophins (NT, such as beta nerve growth factor, NGF) were pre-selected as potential candidates since their serum values have been observed to change following tDCS. Neurotrophins were measured using ELISA assays in 92 serum samples collected from elite athletes, classified by sex (males = 74; females = 18), age (range 17–25 n = 27, 26–35 n = 36, and over 35 n = 14; age not known n = 15), type of sports practiced (endurance n = 74; power n = 18), and type of sample collection (“in competition” n = 24; “out of competition” n = 68). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs6265, rs11030099, and rs11030100) were genotyped on 88 samples to determine their influence on the analytes' basal levels. Athletes older than 35 presented higher BDNF values than younger individuals (p < 0.05). Samples collected “in competition” showed higher BDNF concentrations than those collected “out of competition” (p < 0.05). The studied polymorphisms appeared to affect only on proBDNF, not altering BDNF serum concentrations. NT-3 and NT-4 were poorly detectable in serum. Our results suggest that BDNF can be considered as a first biomarker to detect the abuse of tDCS in sport doping. Further studies are necessary to assess whether proBDNF and beta NGF can also be considered suitable biomarkers to detect the recourse to electromagnetic brain stimulation in sports, especially in the case their serum levels can be monitored longitudinally. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to pre-select serum biomarkers to identify the use of tDCS, and represents the first step toward the development of an indirect strategy, preferably based on the longitudinal monitoring of individual data, for the future detection of “brain doping” in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Sian
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xavier de la Torre
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Folchitto
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy.,REDs - Research and Expertise in anti-Doping Sciences, ISSUL - Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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