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Trayanova NA, Lyon A, Shade J, Heijman J. Computational modeling of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis: toward clinical translation. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1265-1333. [PMID: 38153307 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of cardiac electrophysiology, involving dynamic changes in numerous components across multiple spatial (from ion channel to organ) and temporal (from milliseconds to days) scales, makes an intuitive or empirical analysis of cardiac arrhythmogenesis challenging. Multiscale mechanistic computational models of cardiac electrophysiology provide precise control over individual parameters, and their reproducibility enables a thorough assessment of arrhythmia mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of models of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias, from the single cell to the organ level, and how they can be leveraged to better understand rhythm disorders in cardiac disease and to improve heart patient care. Key issues related to model development based on experimental data are discussed, and major families of human cardiomyocyte models and their applications are highlighted. An overview of organ-level computational modeling of cardiac electrophysiology and its clinical applications in personalized arrhythmia risk assessment and patient-specific therapy of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias is provided. The advancements presented here highlight how patient-specific computational models of the heart reconstructed from patient data have achieved success in predicting risk of sudden cardiac death and guiding optimal treatments of heart rhythm disorders. Finally, an outlook toward potential future advances, including the combination of mechanistic modeling and machine learning/artificial intelligence, is provided. As the field of cardiology is embarking on a journey toward precision medicine, personalized modeling of the heart is expected to become a key technology to guide pharmaceutical therapy, deployment of devices, and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Aurore Lyon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Shade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Honarbakhsh S, Roney C, Wharmby A, Vidal Horrach C, Hunter RJ. Spatial and temporal relationship between focal and rotational activations and their relationship to structural remodeling in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:752-761. [PMID: 38286244 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal and rotational activations have been demonstrated in atrial fibrillation (AF), but their relationship to each other and to structural remodeling remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of focal and rotational activations to underlying low-voltage zones (LVZs) (<0.5 mV) and to determine whether there was a temporal (≤500 ms) and spatial (≤12 mm) relationship between these activations. METHODS Patients undergoing catheter ablation for persistent AF were included. All patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation. Unipolar signals were collected to identify focal and rotational activations using a wavefront propagation algorithm. RESULTS In 40 patients, 105 activations were identified (57 [54.3%] focal; 48 [45.7%] rotational). Rotational activations were co-localized to LVZs (35/48 [72.9%]) whereas focal activations were not (11/57 in LVZ [19.3%]; P <.001). The proportion of the left atrium occupied by LVZs predicted rotational activations occurrence (area under the curve 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.00; P <.001). In patients with a relatively healthy atrium, in which the atrium consisted of ≤15% LVZs, only focal activations were identified. Thirty-two of the 35 rotational activations (91.4%) located in LVZs also showed a temporal and spatial relationship to a focal activation. The presence of a LVZ within 12 mm of the focal activation was a strong predictor for whether a paired rotational activation would also occur in that vicinity. CONCLUSION Rotational activations are largely confined to areas of structural remodeling and have a clear spatial and temporal relationship with focal activations suggesting they are dependent on them. These novel mechanistic observations outline a plausible model for patient-specific mechanisms maintaining AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Honarbakhsh
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Amy Wharmby
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ross J Hunter
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Lootens S, Janssens I, Van Den Abeele R, Wülfers EM, Bezerra AS, Verstraeten B, Hendrickx S, Okenov A, Nezlobinsky T, Panfilov AV, Vandersickel N. Directed Graph Mapping exceeds Phase Mapping for the detection of simulated 2D meandering rotors in fibrotic tissue with added noise. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108138. [PMID: 38401451 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) are recognised to be associated with re-entry or rotors. A rotor is a wave of excitation in the cardiac tissue that wraps around its refractory tail, causing faster-than-normal periodic excitation. The detection of rotor centres is of crucial importance in guiding ablation strategies for the treatment of arrhythmia. The most popular technique for detecting rotor centres is Phase Mapping (PM), which detects phase singularities derived from the phase of a signal. This method has been proven to be prone to errors, especially in regimes of fibrotic tissue and temporal noise. Recently, a novel technique called Directed Graph Mapping (DGM) was developed to detect rotational activity such as rotors by creating a network of excitation. This research aims to compare the performance of advanced PM techniques versus DGM for the detection of rotors using 64 simulated 2D meandering rotors in the presence of various levels of fibrotic tissue and temporal noise. Four strategies were employed to compare the performances of PM and DGM. These included a visual analysis, a comparison of F2-scores and distance distributions, and calculating p-values using the mid-p McNemar test. Results indicate that in the case of low meandering, fibrosis and noise, PM and DGM yield excellent results and are comparable. However, in the case of high meandering, fibrosis and noise, PM is undeniably prone to errors, mainly in the form of an excess of false positives, resulting in low precision. In contrast, DGM is more robust against these factors as F2-scores remain high, yielding F2≥0.931 as opposed to the best PM F2≥0.635 across all 64 simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Janssens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eike M Wülfers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bjorn Verstraeten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Hendrickx
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arstanbek Okenov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timur Nezlobinsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander V Panfilov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and personalised healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Nele Vandersickel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Trayanova NA, Prakosa A. Up digital and personal: How heart digital twins can transform heart patient care. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:89-99. [PMID: 37871809 PMCID: PMC10872898 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is the vision of health care where therapy is tailored to each patient. As part of this vision, digital twinning technology promises to deliver a digital representation of organs or even patients by using tools capable of simulating personal health conditions and predicting patient or disease trajectories on the basis of relationships learned both from data and from biophysics knowledge. Such virtual replicas would update themselves with data from monitoring devices and medical tests and assessments, reflecting dynamically the changes in our health conditions and the responses to treatment. In precision cardiology, the concepts and initial applications of heart digital twins have slowly been gaining popularity and the trust of the clinical community. In this article, we review the advancement in heart digital twinning and its initial translation to the management of heart rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Trayanova
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Adityo Prakosa
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Heil E, Gerds-Li JH, Keznickl-Pulst J, Furundzija-Cabraja V, Hohendanner F, Boldt LH, Stawowy P, Schoeppenthau D. Left atrial conduction times and regional velocities in persistent atrial fibrillation patients with and without fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:1277-1287. [PMID: 37418015 PMCID: PMC10465638 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in understanding left atrial substrate and arrhythmogenesis, only little is known about conduction characteristics in atrial fibrillation patients with various stages of fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy (FACM). This study evaluates left atrial conduction times and conduction velocities based on high-density voltage and activation maps in sinus rhythm (CARTO®3 V7) of 53 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (LVEF 60% (55-60 IQR), LAVI 39 ml/m2 (31-47 IQR), LApa 24 ± 6 cm2). Measurements were made in low voltage areas (LVA ≤ 0.5 mV) and normal voltage areas (NVA ≥ 1.5 mV) at the left atrial anterior and posterior walls. Maps of 28 FACM and 25 no FACM patients were analyzed (19 FACM I/II, 9 FACM III/IV, LVA 14 ± 11 cm2). Left atrial conduction time averaged to 110 ± 24 ms but was shown to be prolonged in FACM (119 ms, + 17%) when compared to no FACM patients (101 ms, p = 0.005). This finding was pronounced in high-grade FACM (III/IV) (133 ms, + 31.2%, p = 0.001). In addition, the LVA extension correlated significantly with the left atrial conduction time (r = 0.56, p = 0.002). Conduction velocities were overall slower in LVA than in NVA (0.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5 m/s, -51%, p < 0.001). Anterior conduction appeared slower than posterior, which was significant in NVA (1 vs. 1.4 m/s, -29%, p < 0.001) but not in LVA (0.6 vs. 0.8 m/s, p = 0.096). FACM has a significant influence on left atrial conduction characteristics in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Left atrial conduction time prolongs with the grade of FACM and the quantitative expanse of LVA up to 31%. LVAs show a 51% conduction velocity reduction compared to NVA. Moreover, regional conduction velocity differences are present in the left atrium when comparing anterior to posterior walls. Our data may influence individualized ablation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Heil
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jin-Hong Gerds-Li
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Keznickl-Pulst
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vesna Furundzija-Cabraja
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Hendrik Boldt
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Stawowy
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Schoeppenthau
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Nakatani Y, Ramirez FD, Takigawa M, Nakashima T, André C, Goujeau C, Krisai P, Takagi T, Kamakura T, Vlachos K, Carapezzi A, Cheniti G, Tixier R, Welte N, Chauvel R, Duchateau J, Pambrun T, Derval N, Sacher F, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P. Abnormal Atrial Potentials Recorded During Sinus Rhythm or Pacing Represent Substrates for Reentrant Atrial Tachycardia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:e012241. [PMID: 37728002 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal atrial potentials (AAPs) recorded during sinus rhythm/atrial pacing may indicate areas of slow conduction capable of supporting reentrant atrial tachycardia (AT). Therefore, we sought to examine the relationship between AAPs and AT circuits. METHODS One hundred twenty-three reentrant ATs in 104 patients were analyzed. AAPs, consisting of fragmented potentials and split potentials, were assessed using the Rhythmia LUMIPOINT algorithm. RESULTS There was 93±13% overlap between areas with AAPs during sinus rhythm/atrial pacing and areas of slow conduction along the reentry circuit during AT. The cumulative area of AAPs was smaller in patients with localized-reentrant ATs compared with anatomic macro-reentrant ATs (20.0 [14.6-30.5] versus 28.9 [21.8-35.6] cm2; P=0.021). Patients with perimitral ATs had larger areas of AAPs on the lateral wall whereas patients with roof-dependent ATs had larger areas of AAPs on the roof and posterior wall (P≤0.018 for all comparisons). The patchy scar that was associated with localized-reentrant AT exhibited a larger area of AAPs at its periphery than the scar that did not participate in localized-reentrant AT (3.1 [2.4-4.5] versus 1.0 [0.7-1.6] cm2; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS AAPs recorded during sinus rhythm/atrial pacing are associated with areas of slow conduction during reentrant AT. The burden and distribution of AAPs may provide actionable insights into AT circuit features, including in cases in which ATs are difficult to map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakatani
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - F Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (F.D.R.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Canada (F.D.R.)
| | - Masateru Takigawa
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Clémentine André
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Cyril Goujeau
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Philipp Krisai
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Takamitsu Takagi
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Tsukasa Kamakura
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Konstantinos Vlachos
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | | | - Ghassen Cheniti
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Romain Tixier
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Nicolas Welte
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Remi Chauvel
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Josselin Duchateau
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Thomas Pambrun
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Nicolas Derval
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Frédéric Sacher
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Meleze Hocini
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre, P.J.)
- IHU LIRYC - CHU Bordeaux, France (Y.N., F.D.R., M.T., T.N., C.A., C.G., P.K., T.T., T.K., V.K., G.C., R.T., N.W., R.C., J.D., T.P., N.D., F.S., M. Hocini, M. Haïssaguerre. P.J.)
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7
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Miyauchi S, Tokuyama T, Takahashi S, Hiyama T, Okubo Y, Okamura S, Miyamoto S, Oguri N, Takasaki T, Katayama K, Miyauchi M, Nakano Y. Relationship Between Fibrosis, Endocardial Endothelial Damage, and Thrombosis of Left Atrial Appendage in Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1158-1168. [PMID: 37495324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus (LAAT) and ischemic stroke are considered important in atrial cardiomyopathy with progressive atrial fibrosis and endocardial endothelial damage. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to obtain histological evidence to clarify the association between LAA fibrosis and endocardial endothelial damage with LAAT, ischemic stroke, and clinical risk factors. METHODS Ninety-six patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) scheduled to undergo LAA excision during surgery were enrolled. They underwent transesophageal echocardiography before the surgery to validate the LAA function/morphology and LAAT presence or absence. The resected LAAs were subjected to Azan-Mallory staining and CD31 immunohistochemistry to quantify the degree of fibrosis and endocardial endothelial damage staged as F1-F4 and E1-E4 per the quantiles. RESULTS Patients with an LAAT and/or ischemic stroke history had higher fibrosis degrees (18.4% ± 9.9% vs 10.4% ± 7.0%, P < 0.0001) and lower CD31 expressions (0.27 [IQR: 0.05-0.57] vs 1.02 [IQR: 0.49-1.65]; P < 0.0001). Also, higher CHADS2 was associated with a higher degree of fibrosis and lower CD31 expression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that endothelial damage (E4) was associated with an LAAT and/or ischemic stroke history independent of AF type (paroxysmal or nonparoxysmal) with an OR of 3.47. Among patients with nonparoxysmal AF, fibrosis (F4, OR: 3.66), endothelial damage (E4, OR: 4.62), and LAA morphology (non-chicken-wing, OR: 3.79) were independently associated with LAAT and/or stroke. The degree of fibrosis correlated significantly with endothelial damage (R = -0.38, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These histological findings may be essential in considering the pathophysiology of LAAT and stroke within the atrial cardiomyopathy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Medicine, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Hiyama
- Division of Medicine, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yousaku Okubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Oguri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taiichi Takasaki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keijiro Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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8
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Rabinovitch A, Rabinovitch R, Biton Y, Braunstein D, Thieberger R. A possible new cardiac heterogeneity as an arrhythmogenic driver. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7571. [PMID: 37165085 PMCID: PMC10172337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 3 million people in the USA and 8 million in the EU (according to the European Society of Cardiology). So, why is it that even with the best medical care, around a third of the patients are treatment resistant. Extensive research of its etiology showed that AF and its mechanisms are still debatable. Some of the AF origins are ascribed to functional and ionic heterogeneities of the heart tissue and possibly to additional triggering agents. But, have all AF origins been detected? Are all accepted origins, in fact, arrhythmogenic? In order to study these questions and specifically to check our new idea of intermittency as an arrhythmogenesis agent, we chose to employ a mathematical model which was as simple as possible, but which could still be used to observe the basic network processes of AF development. At this point we were not interested in the detailed ionic propagations nor in the actual shapes of the induced action potentials (APs) during the AF outbreaks. The model was checked by its ability to exactly recapture the basic AF developmental stages known from experimental cardiac observations and from more elaborate mathematical models. We use a simple cellular automata 2D mathematical model of N × N matrices to elucidate the field processes leading to AF in a tissue riddled with randomly distributed heterogeneities of different types, under sinus node operation, simulated by an initial line of briefly stimulated cells inducing a propagating wave, and with or without an additional active ectopic action potential pulse, in turn simulated by a transitory operation of a specific cell. Arrhythmogenic contributions, of three different types of local heterogeneities in myocytes and their collaborations, in inducing AF are examined. These are: a heterogeneity created by diffuse fibrosis, a heterogeneity created by myocytes having different refractory periods, and a new heterogeneity type, created by intermittent operation of some myocytes. The developmental stages (target waves and spirals) and the different probabilities of AF occurring under each condition, are shown. This model was established as being capable of reproducing the known AF origins and their basic development stages, and in addition has shown: (1) That diffuse fibrosis on its own is not arrhythmogenic but in combination with other arrhythmogenic agents it can either enhance or limit AF. (2) In general, combinations of heterogeneities can act synergistically, and, most importantly, (3) The new type of intermittency heterogeneity proves to be extremely arrhythmogenic. Both the intermittency risk and the fibrosis role in AF generation were established. Knowledge of the character of these arrhythmogenesis agents can be of real importance in AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rabinovitch
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | | | - Y Biton
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - D Braunstein
- Physics Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - R Thieberger
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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9
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Hernández-Romero I, Molero R, Fambuena-Santos C, Herrero-Martín C, Climent AM, Guillem MS. Electrocardiographic imaging in the atria. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:879-896. [PMID: 36370321 PMCID: PMC9988819 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The inverse problem of electrocardiography or electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is a technique for reconstructing electrical information about cardiac surfaces from noninvasive or non-contact recordings. ECGI has been used to characterize atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Although it is a technology with years of progress, its development to characterize atrial arrhythmias is challenging. Complications can arise when trying to describe the atrial mechanisms that lead to abnormal propagation patterns, premature or tachycardic beats, and reentrant arrhythmias. This review addresses the various ECGI methodologies, regularization methods, and post-processing techniques used in the atria, as well as the context in which they are used. The current advantages and limitations of ECGI in the fields of research and clinical diagnosis of atrial arrhythmias are outlined. In addition, areas where ECGI efforts should be concentrated to address the associated unsatisfied needs from the atrial perspective are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubén Molero
- ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Huang Z, Zhao X, Ziv O, Laurita KR, Rollins AM, Hendon CP. Automated analysis framework for in vivo cardiac ablation therapy monitoring with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1228-1242. [PMID: 36950243 PMCID: PMC10026573 DOI: 10.1364/boe.480943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure that is commonly used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. However, it is associated with a significant risk of arrhythmia recurrence and complications owing to the lack of direct visualization of cardiac substrates and real-time feedback on ablation lesion transmurality. Within this manuscript, we present an automated deep learning framework for in vivo intracardiac optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis of swine left atria. Our model can accurately identify cardiac substrates, monitor catheter-tissue contact stability, and assess lesion transmurality on both OCT intensity and polarization-sensitive OCT data. To the best of our knowledge, we have developed the first automatic framework for in vivo cardiac OCT analysis, which holds promise for real-time monitoring and guidance of cardiac RFA therapy..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ohad Ziv
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Laurita
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Kamali R, Gillete K, Tate J, Abhyankar DA, Dosdall DJ, Plank G, Bunch TJ, Macleod RS, Ranjan R. Treatment Planning for Atrial Fibrillation Using Patient-Specific Models Showing the Importance of Fibrillatory-Areas. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:329-342. [PMID: 35930093 PMCID: PMC10440744 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Computational models have made it possible to study the effect of fibrosis and scar on atrial fibrillation (AF) and plan future personalized treatments. Here, we study the effect of area available for fibrillatory waves to sustain AF. Then we use it to plan for AF ablation to improve procedural outcomes. CARPentry was used to create patient-specific models to determine the association between the size of residual contiguous areas available for AF wavefronts to propagate and sustain AF [fibrillatory area (FA)] after ablation with procedural outcomes. The FA was quantified in a novel manner accounting for gaps in ablation lines. We selected 30 persistent AF patients with known ablation outcomes. We divided the atrial surface into five areas based on ablation scar pattern and anatomical landmarks and calculated the FAs. We validated the models based on clinical outcomes and suggested future ablation lines that minimize the FAs and terminate rotor activities in simulations. We also simulated the effects of three common antiarrhythmic drugs. In the patient-specific models, the predicted arrhythmias matched the clinical outcomes in 25 of 30 patients (accuracy 83.33%). The average largest FA (FAmax) in the recurrence group was 8517 ± 1444 vs. 6772 ± 1531 mm2 in the no recurrence group (p < 0.004). The final FAs after adding the suggested ablation lines in the AF recurrence group reduced the average FAmax from 8517 ± 1444 to 6168 ± 1358 mm2 (p < 0.001) and stopped the sustained rotor activity. Simulations also correctly anticipated the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs in 5 out of 6 patients who used drug therapy post unsuccessful ablation (accuracy 83.33%). Sizes of FAs available for AF wavefronts to propagate are important determinants for ablation outcomes. FA size in combination with computational simulations can be used to direct ablation in persistent AF to minimize the critical mass required to sustain recurrent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karli Gillete
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jess Tate
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Derek J Dosdall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gernot Plank
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - T Jared Bunch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rob S Macleod
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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12
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Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors: Advances in Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112963. [PMID: 36428533 PMCID: PMC9687155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the world. Because the key to developing innovative therapies that limit the onset and the progression of AF is to fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of AF, the aim of the present narrative review is to report the most recent advances in the potential role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology of AF. After a comprehensive approach describing adenosinergic system signaling and the mechanisms of the initiation and maintenance of AF, we address the interactions of the adenosinergic system's signaling with AF. Indeed, adenosine release can activate four G-coupled membrane receptors, named A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Activation of the A2A receptors can promote the occurrence of delayed depolarization, while activation of the A1 receptors can shorten the action potential's duration and induce the resting membrane's potential hyperpolarization, which promote pulmonary vein firing, stabilize the AF rotors and allow for functional reentry. Moreover, the A2B receptors have been associated with atrial fibrosis homeostasis. Finally, the adenosinergic system can modulate the autonomous nervous system and is associated with AF risk factors. A question remains regarding adenosine release and the adenosine receptors' activation and whether this would be a cause or consequence of AF.
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13
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Abstract
The global burden caused by cardiovascular disease is substantial, with heart disease representing the most common cause of death around the world. There remains a need to develop better mechanistic models of cardiac function in order to combat this health concern. Heart rhythm disorders, or arrhythmias, are one particular type of disease which has been amenable to quantitative investigation. Here we review the application of quantitative methodologies to explore dynamical questions pertaining to arrhythmias. We begin by describing single-cell models of cardiac myocytes, from which two and three dimensional models can be constructed. Special focus is placed on results relating to pattern formation across these spatially-distributed systems, especially the formation of spiral waves of activation. Next, we discuss mechanisms which can lead to the initiation of arrhythmias, focusing on the dynamical state of spatially discordant alternans, and outline proposed mechanisms perpetuating arrhythmias such as fibrillation. We then review experimental and clinical results related to the spatio-temporal mapping of heart rhythm disorders. Finally, we describe treatment options for heart rhythm disorders and demonstrate how statistical physics tools can provide insights into the dynamics of heart rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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14
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Meng S, Chamorro-Servent J, Sunderland N, Zhao J, Bear LR, Lever NA, Sands GB, LeGrice IJ, Gillis AM, Budgett DM, Smaill BH. Non-Contact Intracardiac Potential Mapping Using Mesh-Based and Meshless Inverse Solvers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873630. [PMID: 35874529 PMCID: PMC9301455 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia and percutaneous catheter ablation is widely used to treat it. Panoramic mapping with multi-electrode catheters has been used to identify ablation targets in persistent AF but is limited by poor contact and inadequate coverage of the left atrial cavity. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy with which atrial endocardial surface potentials can be reconstructed from electrograms recorded with non-contact catheters. An in-silico approach was employed in which “ground-truth” surface potentials from experimental contact mapping studies and computer models were compared with inverse potential maps constructed by sampling the corresponding intracardiac field using virtual basket catheters. We demonstrate that it is possible to 1) specify the mixed boundary conditions required for mesh-based formulations of the potential inverse problem fully, and 2) reconstruct accurate inverse potential maps from recordings made with appropriately designed catheters. Accuracy improved when catheter dimensions were increased but was relatively stable when the catheter occupied >30% of atrial cavity volume. Independent of this, the capacity of non-contact catheters to resolve the complex atrial potential fields seen in reentrant atrial arrhythmia depended on the spatial distribution of electrodes on the surface bounding the catheter. Finally, we have shown that reliable inverse potential mapping is possible in near real-time with meshless methods that use the Method of Fundamental Solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Meng
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Shu Meng,
| | | | - Nicholas Sunderland
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jichao Zhao
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura R. Bear
- HU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nigel A. Lever
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory B. Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J. LeGrice
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne M. Gillis
- Libin Cardiovascular Research Institute, Calgary University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David M. Budgett
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce H. Smaill
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Cunha PS, Laranjo S, Heijman J, Oliveira MM. The Atrium in Atrial Fibrillation - A Clinical Review on How to Manage Atrial Fibrotic Substrates. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879984. [PMID: 35859594 PMCID: PMC9289204 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the population and is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden. Rigorous assessment of the presence and degree of an atrial arrhythmic substrate is essential for determining treatment options, predicting long-term success after catheter ablation, and as a substrate critical in the pathophysiology of atrial thrombogenesis. Catheter ablation of AF has developed into an essential rhythm-control strategy. Nowadays is one of the most common cardiac ablation procedures performed worldwide, with its success inversely related to the extent of atrial structural disease. Although atrial substrate evaluation remains complex, several diagnostic resources allow for a more comprehensive assessment and quantification of the extent of left atrial structural remodeling and the presence of atrial fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology, etiology, and electrophysiological aspects of atrial substrates promoting the development of AF. We also describe the risk factors for its development and how to diagnose its presence using imaging, electrocardiograms, and electroanatomic voltage mapping. Finally, we discuss recent data regarding fibrosis biomarkers that could help diagnose atrial fibrotic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Cunha
- Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Service, Santa Marta Hospital, Central Lisbon Hospital University Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- Lisbon School of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Laranjo
- Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Service, Santa Marta Hospital, Central Lisbon Hospital University Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- Lisbon School of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mário Martins Oliveira
- Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Service, Santa Marta Hospital, Central Lisbon Hospital University Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- Lisbon School of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Fixed complex electrograms during sinus rhythm and local pacing: potential ablation targets for persistent atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10697. [PMID: 35739217 PMCID: PMC9225993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, complex electrograms during sinus rhythm (C-EGMs) could be pathological or not. We aimed to demonstrate whether local pacing was helpful to discern pathological C-EGMs. 126 persistent AF patients and 27 patients with left-side accessory pathway (LAP) underwent left atrial mapping during sinus rhythm. If C-EGMs were detected, local pacing was performed. If the electrograms turned normal, we defined them as non-fixed C-EGMs, otherwise as fixed C-EGMs. No difference was detected in the incidence and proportion of non-fixed C-EGMs between AF patients and LAP patients (101/126 vs. 19/27, P = 0.26; 9.1 ± 6.0% vs. 7.7 ± 5.7%, P = 0.28). However, the incidence and proportion of fixed C-EGMs were higher in persistent AF patients (87/126 vs. 1/27, P < 0.01; 4.3 ± 3.4% vs. 0.1 ± 0.5%, P < 0.01). Compared with non-fixed C-EGMs, fixed C-EGMs had lower amplitudes, longer electrogram durations and longer Stimuli-P wave internals. All AF patients received circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Among AF patients with fixed C-EGMs, 45 patients received fixed C-EGMs ablation and 42 patients underwent linear ablation. Compared with linear ablation, fixed C-EGMs ablation reduced recurrence (HR: 0.43; 95% CI 0.21‐0.81; P = 0.011). Among patients without fixed C-EGMs ablation, the proportion of fixed C-EGMs was an independent predictor of ablation outcomes (HR for per percent: 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.28, P = 0.038). C-EGMs could be classified into fixed and non-fixed C-EGMs through local pacing. Fixed rather than non-fixed C-EGMs might indicate abnormal atrial substrates and fixed C-EGMs ablation improve outcomes of persistent AF ablation.
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17
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Falkenberg M, Coleman JA, Dobson S, Hickey DJ, Terrill L, Ciacci A, Thomas B, Sau A, Ng FS, Zhao J, Peters NS, Christensen K. Identifying locations susceptible to micro-anatomical reentry using a spatial network representation of atrial fibre maps. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267166. [PMID: 35737662 PMCID: PMC9223322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-anatomical reentry has been identified as a potential driver of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this paper, we introduce a novel computational method which aims to identify which atrial regions are most susceptible to micro-reentry. The approach, which considers the structural basis for micro-reentry only, is based on the premise that the accumulation of electrically insulating interstitial fibrosis can be modelled by simulating percolation-like phenomena on spatial networks. Our results suggest that at high coupling, where micro-reentry is rare, the micro-reentrant substrate is highly clustered in areas where the atrial walls are thin and have convex wall morphology, likely facilitating localised treatment via ablation. However, as transverse connections between fibres are removed, mimicking the accumulation of interstitial fibrosis, the substrate becomes less spatially clustered, and the bias to forming in thin, convex regions of the atria is reduced, possibly restricting the efficacy of localised ablation. Comparing our algorithm on image-based models with and without atrial fibre structure, we find that strong longitudinal fibre coupling can suppress the micro-reentrant substrate, whereas regions with disordered fibre orientations have an enhanced risk of micro-reentry. With further development, these methods may be useful for modelling the temporal development of the fibrotic substrate on an individualised basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Falkenberg
- Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Coleman
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Dobson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Hickey
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louie Terrill
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Ciacci
- Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Belvin Thomas
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arunashis Sau
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jichao Zhao
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas S. Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Christensen
- Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Pope MTB, Kuklik P, Briosa E Gala A, Leo M, Mahmoudi M, Paisey J, Betts TR. Impact of Adenosine on Wavefront Propagation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From Global Noncontact Charge Density Mapping of the Left Atrium. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021166. [PMID: 35621197 PMCID: PMC9238707 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Adenosine shortens action potential duration and refractoriness and provokes atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adenosine on mechanisms of wavefront propagation during atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results The study included 22 patients undergoing catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Left atrial mapping was performed using the AcQMap charge density system before and after administration of intravenous adenosine at 1 or more of 3 time points during the procedure (before pulmonary vein isolation, after pulmonary vein isolation, and after nonpulmonary vein isolation ablation). Wave‐front propagation patterns were evaluated allowing identification and quantification of localized rotational activation (LRA), localized irregular activation, and focal firing. Additional signal processing was performed to identify phase singularities and calculate global atrial fibrillation cycle length and dominant frequency. A total of 35 paired maps were analyzed. Adenosine shortened mean atrial fibrillation cycle length from 181.7±14.3 to 165.1±16.3, (mean difference 16.6 ms; 95% CI, 11.3–21.9, P<0.0005) and increased dominant frequency from 6.0±0.7 Hz to 6.6±0.8 Hz (95% CI, 0.4–0.9, P<0.0005). This was associated with a 50% increase in the number of LRA occurrences (16.1±7.6–24.2±8.1; mean difference 8.1, 95% CI, 4.1–12, P<0.0005) as well as a 20% increase in the number of phase singularities detected (30.1±7.8–36.6±9.3; mean difference 6.5; 95% CI, 2.6–10.0, P=0.002). The percentage of left atrial surface area with LRA increased with adenosine and 42 of 70 zones (60%) with highest density of LRA coincided with high density LRA zones at baseline with only 28% stable across multiple maps. Conclusions Adenosine accelerates atrial fibrillation and promotes rotational activation patterns with no impact on focal activation. There is little evidence that rotational activation seen with adenosine represents promising targets for ablation aimed at sites of stable arrhythmogenic sources in the left atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T B Pope
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford United Kingdom.,University of Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Kuklik
- Department of Cardiology Asklepios Clinic St. Georg Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Milena Leo
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mahmoudi
- University of Southampton United Kingdom.,Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Southampton United Kingdom
| | - John Paisey
- University of Southampton United Kingdom.,Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Betts
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford United Kingdom.,University of Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford United Kingdom
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19
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Rotor hypothesis in the time chain of atrial fibrillation. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2022; 19:251-253. [PMID: 35572219 PMCID: PMC9068591 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Miyauchi S, Tokuyama T, Uotani Y, Miyamoto S, Ikeuchi Y, Okamura S, Okubo Y, Katayama K, Takasaki T, Nakatani N, Matsudaira Y, Furusho H, Miyauchi M, Takahashi S, Nakano Y. Association between Left Atrial Appendage Fibrosis and Thrombus Formation: A Histological Approach. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:677-687. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
- Health Service CenterHiroshima University1‐7‐1 KagamiyamaHigashihiroshimaJapan
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yukimi Uotani
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Shogo Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Ikeuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Sho Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yousaku Okubo
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Keijiro Katayama
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryHiroshima University Hospital1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Taiichi Takasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryHiroshima University Hospital1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakatani
- Medical Division, Technical CenterHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yorisato Matsudaira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima University1‐2‐3, Kasumi, Minami‐kuHiroshimaJapan
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21
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Rappel WJ. Intermittent trapping of spiral waves in a cardiac model. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014404. [PMID: 35193211 PMCID: PMC9020409 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spiral waves are found in many excitable systems and are thought to play a role in the incoherent electrical activation that underlies cardiac arrhythmias. It is well-known that spiral waves can be permanently trapped by local heterogeneities. In this paper, we demonstrate that spiral waves can also be intermittently trapped by such heterogeneities. Using simulations of a cardiac model in two dimensions, we show that a tissue heterogeneity of sufficient strength or size can result in a spiral wave that is trapped for a few rotations, after which it dislodges and meanders away from the heterogeneity. We also show that these results can be captured by a particle model in which the particle represents the spiral wave tip. For both models, we construct a phase diagram which quantifies which parameter combinations of heterogeneity size and strength result in permanent, intermittent, or no trapping. Our results are consistent with clinical observations in patients with atrial fibrillation that showed that spiral wave reentry can be intermittent.
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22
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Roney CH, Sillett C, Whitaker J, Lemus JAS, Sim I, Kotadia I, O'Neill M, Williams SE, Niederer SA. Applications of multimodality imaging for left atrial catheter ablation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:31-41. [PMID: 34747450 PMCID: PMC8685603 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, may be treated through catheter ablation. The process of atrial arrhythmia catheter ablation, which includes patient selection, pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural guidance, and post-procedural assessment, is typically characterized by the use of several imaging modalities to sequentially inform key clinical decisions. Increasingly, advanced imaging modalities are processed via specialized image analysis techniques and combined with intra-procedural electrical measurements to inform treatment approaches. Here, we review the use of multimodality imaging for left atrial ablation procedures. The article first outlines how imaging modalities are routinely used in the peri-ablation period. We then describe how advanced imaging techniques may inform patient selection for ablation and ablation targets themselves. Ongoing research directions for improving catheter ablation outcomes by using imaging combined with advanced analyses for personalization of ablation targets are discussed, together with approaches for their integration in the standard clinical environment. Finally, we describe future research areas with the potential to improve catheter ablation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Roney
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Charles Sillett
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - John Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | | | - Iain Sim
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Irum Kotadia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Mark O'Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Steven E Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Steven A Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
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23
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Eichenlaub M, Mueller-Edenborn B, Lehrmann H, Minners J, Nairn D, Loewe A, Allgeier J, Jander N, Allgeier M, Ruile P, Hein M, Rees F, Trenk D, Weber R, Neumann FJ, Arentz T, Jadidi A. Non-invasive body surface electrocardiographic imaging for diagnosis of atrial cardiomyopathy. Europace 2021; 23:2010-2019. [PMID: 34463710 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and increased risk for stroke. At present, diagnosis of ACM is feasible by endocardial contact mapping of left atrial (LA) low-voltage substrate (LVS) or late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, but their complexity limits a widespread use. The aim of this study was to assess non-invasive body surface electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) as a novel clinical tool for diagnosis of ACM compared with endocardial mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine consecutive patients (66 ± 9 years, 85% male) presenting for their first PVI for persistent atrial fibrillation underwent ECGI in sinus rhythm using a 252-electrode-array mapping system. Subsequently, high-density LA voltage and biatrial activation maps (mean 2090 ± 488 sites) were acquired in sinus rhythm prior to PVI. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was assessed within 12 months follow-up. Increased duration of total atrial conduction time (TACT) in ECGI was associated with both increased atrial activation time and extent of LA-LVS in endocardial contact mapping (r = 0.77 and r = 0.66, P < 0.0001 respectively). Atrial cardiomyopathy was found in 23 (59%) patients. A TACT value of 148 ms identified ACM with 91.3% sensitivity and 93.7% specificity. Arrhythmia recurrence occurred in 15 (38%) patients during a follow-up of 389 ± 55 days. Freedom from arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with a TACT <148 ms compared with patients with a TACT ≥148 ms (82.4% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Analysis of TACT in non-invasive ECGI allows diagnosis of patients with ACM, which is associated with a significantly increased risk for arrhythmia recurrence following PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eichenlaub
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Mueller-Edenborn
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Lehrmann
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Jan Minners
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Nairn
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Axel Loewe
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Juergen Allgeier
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Jander
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Martin Allgeier
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ruile
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Hein
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Felix Rees
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Trenk
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Reinhold Weber
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Arentz
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Amir Jadidi
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
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24
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Müller-Edenborn B, Moreno-Weidmann Z, Venier S, Defaye P, Park CI, Guerra J, Alonso-Martín C, Bazan V, Vinolas X, Rodriguez-Font E, Garcia BC, Boveda S, Combes S, Albenque JP, Guy-Moyat B, Trenk D, Eichenlaub M, Chen J, Lehrmann H, Neumann FJ, Arentz T, Jadidi A. Determinants of fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy in atrial fibrillation. A multicenter observational study of the RETAC (reseau européen de traîtement d'arrhythmies cardiaques)-group. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 111:1018-1027. [PMID: 34854991 PMCID: PMC9424172 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims Despite advances in interventional treatment strategies, atrial fibrillation (AF) remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Fibrotic atrial myopathy (FAM) is a main factor for adverse outcomes of AF-ablation, but complex to diagnose using current methods. We aimed to derive a scoring system based entirely on easily available clinical parameters to predict FAM and ablation-success in everyday care. Methods In this multicenter, prospective study, a new risk stratification model termed AF-SCORE was derived in 220 patients undergoing high-density left-atrial(LA) voltage-mapping to quantify FAM. AF-SCORE was validated for FAM in an external mapping-validation cohort (n = 220) and for success following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)-only (without adjunctive left- or right atrial ablations) in an external outcome-validation cohort (n = 518). Results FAM was rare in patients < 60 years (5.4%), but increased with ageing and affected 40.4% (59/146) of patients ≥ 60 years. Sex and AF-phenotype had additional predictive value in older patients and remained associated with FAM in multivariate models (odds ratio [OR] 6.194, p < 0.0001 for ≥ 60 years; OR 2.863, p < 0.0001 for female sex; OR 41.309, p < 0.0001 for AF-persistency). Additional clinical or diagnostic variables did not improve the model. AF-SCORE (+ 1 point for age ≥ 60 years and additional points for female sex [+ 1] and AF-persistency [+ 2]) showed good discrimination to detect FAM (c-statistic 0.792) and predicted arrhythmia-freedom following PVI (74.3%, 54.7% and 45.5% for AF-SCORE ≤ 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and hazard ratio [HR] 1.994 for AF-SCORE = 3 and HR 2.866 for AF-SCORE = 4, p < 0.001). Conclusions Age, sex and AF-phenotype are the main determinants for the development of FAM. A low AF-SCORE ≤ 2 is found in paroxysmal AF-patients of any age and younger patients with persistent AF irrespective of sex, and associated with favorable outcomes of PVI-only. Freedom from arrhythmia remains unsatisfactory with AF-SCORE ≥ 3 as found in older patients, particularly females, with persistent AF, and future studies investigating adjunctive atrial ablations to PVI-only should focus on these groups of patients. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00392-021-01973-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Müller-Edenborn
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Südring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, Julius-Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Zoraida Moreno-Weidmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Südring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany.,Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandrine Venier
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Defaye
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Cardiology, Clinique de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Guerra
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepcion Alonso-Martín
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Bazan
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Vinolas
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Font
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bieito Campos Garcia
- Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serge Boveda
- Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Combes
- Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Benoit Guy-Moyat
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Dietmar Trenk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Pharmacology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Martin Eichenlaub
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Südring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Lehrmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Südring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Arentz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Südring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Amir Jadidi
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Section for Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Südring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany.
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Eichenlaub M, Mueller-Edenborn B, Minners J, Allgeier M, Lehrmann H, Allgeier J, Trenk D, Neumann FJ, Jander N, Arentz T, Jadidi A. Echocardiographic diagnosis of atrial cardiomyopathy allows outcome prediction following pulmonary vein isolation. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:1770-1780. [PMID: 33914144 PMCID: PMC8563528 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relevant atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM), defined as a left atrial (LA) low-voltage area ≥ 2 cm2 at 0.5 mV threshold on endocardial contact mapping, is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), higher arrhythmia recurrence rates after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), and an increased risk of stroke. The current study aimed to assess two non-invasive echocardiographic parameters, LA emptying fraction (EF) and LA longitudinal strain (LAS, during reservoir (LASr), conduit (LAScd) and contraction phase (LASct)) for the diagnosis of ACM and prediction of arrhythmia outcome after PVI. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 60 consecutive, ablation-naive patients (age 66 ± 9 years, 80% males) with persistent AF. In 30 patients (derivation cohort), LA-EF and LAS cut-off values for the presence of relevant ACM (high-density endocardial contact mapping in sinus rhythm prior to PVI at 3000 ± 1249 sites) were established in sinus rhythm and tested in a validation cohort (n = 30). Arrhythmia recurrence within 12 months was documented using 72-h Holter electrocardiograms. RESULTS An LA-EF of < 34% predicted ACM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.846 (sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 76.5%) similar to a LASr < 23.5% (AUC 0.878, sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 82.4%). In the validation cohort, these cut-offs established the correct diagnosis of ACM in 76% of patients (positive predictive values 87%/93% and negative predictive values 73%/75%, respectively). Arrhythmia recurrence in the entire cohort was significantly more frequent in patients with LA-EF < 34% and LASr < 23.5% (56% vs. 29% and 55% vs. 26%, both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The echocardiographic parameters LA-EF and LAS allow accurate, non-invasive diagnosis of ACM and prediction of arrhythmia recurrence after PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eichenlaub
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Mueller-Edenborn
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Jan Minners
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Martin Allgeier
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Lehrmann
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Allgeier
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Trenk
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Jander
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Arentz
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Amir Jadidi
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Suedring 15, 79189, Bad Krozingen, Germany
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Liebregts M, Wijffels MCEF, Klaver MN, van Dijk VF, Balt JC, Boersma LVA. Initial experience with AcQMap catheter for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation and atypical atrial flutter. Neth Heart J 2021; 30:273-281. [PMID: 34699026 PMCID: PMC9043165 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-021-01636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The AcQMap High Resolution Imaging and Mapping System was recently introduced. This system provides 3D maps of electrical activation across an ultrasound-acquired atrial surface. Methods We evaluated the feasibility and the acute and short-term efficacy and safety of this novel system for ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and atypical atrial flutter. Results A total of 21 consecutive patients (age (mean ± standard deviation) 62 ± 8 years, 23% female) underwent catheter ablation with the use of the AcQMap System. Fourteen patients (67%) were treated for persistent AF and 7 patients (33%) for atypical atrial flutter. Eighteen patients (86%) had undergone at least one prior ablation procedure. Acute success, defined as sinus rhythm without the ability to provoke the clinical arrhythmia, was achieved in 17 patients (81%). At 12 months, 4 patients treated for persistent AF (29%) and 4 patients treated for atypical flutter (57%) remained in sinus rhythm. Complications included hemiparesis, for which intra-arterial thrombolysis was given with subsequent good clinical outcome (n = 1), and complete atrioventricular block, for which a permanent pacemaker was implanted (n = 2). No major complications attributable to the mapping system occurred. Conclusion The AcQMap System is able to provide fast, high-resolution activation maps of persistent AF and atypical atrial flutter. Despite a high acute success rate, the recurrence rate of persistent AF was relatively high. This may be due to the selection of the patients with therapy-resistant arrhythmias and limited experience in the optimal use of this mapping system that is still under development. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-021-01636-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liebregts
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - M C E F Wijffels
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - M N Klaver
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - V F van Dijk
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - J C Balt
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - L V A Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Tong L, Dong D, Deng D, Xia L. Current progress of computational modeling for guiding clinical atrial fibrillation ablation. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:805-817. [PMID: 34636185 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, and it places a significant burden on both individuals and society. Anti-arrhythmic drugs are the most commonly used strategy for treating AF. However, drug therapy faces challenges because of its limited efficacy and potential side effects. Catheter ablation is widely used as an alternative treatment for AF. Nevertheless, because the mechanism of AF is not fully understood, the recurrence rate after ablation remains high. In addition, the outcomes of ablation can vary significantly between medical institutions and patients, especially for persistent AF. Therefore, the issue of which ablation strategy is optimal is still far from settled. Computational modeling has the advantages of repeatable operation, low cost, freedom from risk, and complete control, and is a useful tool for not only predicting the results of different ablation strategies on the same model but also finding optimal personalized ablation targets for clinical reference and even guidance. This review summarizes three-dimensional computational modeling simulations of catheter ablation for AF, from the early-stage attempts such as Maze III or circumferential pulmonary vein isolation to the latest advances based on personalized substrate-guided ablation. Finally, we summarize current developments and challenges and provide our perspectives and suggestions for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lv Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Diandian Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dongdong Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ling Xia
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Eichenlaub M, Mueller-Edenborn B, Minners J, Jander N, Allgeier M, Lehrmann H, Schoechlin S, Allgeier J, Trenk D, Neumann FJ, Arentz T, Jadidi A. Left Atrial Hypertension, Electrical Conduction Slowing, and Mechanical Dysfunction - The Pathophysiological Triad in Atrial Fibrillation-Associated Atrial Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:670527. [PMID: 34421634 PMCID: PMC8375593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.670527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and a significant burden for healthcare systems worldwide. Presence of relevant atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) is related to persistent AF and increased arrhythmia recurrence rates after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Objective To investigate the association of left atrial pressure (LAP), left atrial electrical [invasive atrial activation time (IAAT) and amplified p-wave duration (aPWD)] and mechanical [left atrial emptying fraction (LA-EF) and left atrial strain (LAS)] functional parameters with the extent of ACM and their impact on arrhythmia recurrence following PVI. Materials and Methods Fifty patients [age 67 (IQR: 61-75) years, 78% male] undergoing their first PVI for persistent AF were prospectively included. LAP (maximum amplitude of the v-wave), digital 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiography and high-density endocardial contact mapping were acquired in sinus rhythm prior to PVI. Arrhythmia recurrence was assessed using 72-hour Holter electrocardiogram at 6 and 12 months post PVI. Results Relevant ACM (defined as left atrial low-voltage extent ≥2 cm2 at <0.5 mV threshold) was diagnosed in 25/50 (50%) patients. Compared to patients without ACM, patients with ACM had higher LAP [17.6 (10.6-19.5) mmHg with ACM versus 11.3 (7.9-14.0) mmHg without ACM (p = 0.009)]. The corresponding values for the electrical parameters were 166 (149-181) ms versus 139 (131-143) ms for IAAT (p < 0.0001), 163 (154-176) ms versus 148 (136-152) ms for aPWD on surface-ECG (p < 0.0001) and for the mechanical parameters 27.0 (17.5-37.0) % versus 41.0 (35.0-45.0) % for LA-EF in standard 2D-echocardiography (p < 0.0001) and 15.2 (11.0-21.2) % versus 29.4 (24.9-36.6) % for LAS during reservoir phase (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, all parameters showed a linear correlation with ACM extent (p < 0.05 for all). Receiver-operator-curve-analysis demonstrated a LAP ≥12.4 mmHg [area under the curve (AUC): 0.717, sensitivity: 72%, and specificity: 60%], a prolonged IAAT ≥143 ms (AUC: 0.899, sensitivity: 84%, and specificity: 80%), a prolonged aPWD ≥153 ms (AUC: 0.860, sensitivity: 80%, and specificity: 79%), an impaired LA-EF ≤33% (AUC: 0.869, sensitivity: 84%, and specificity: 72%), and an impaired LAS during reservoir phase ≤23% (AUC: 0.884, sensitivity: 84%, and specificity: 84%) as predictors for relevant ACM. Arrhythmia recurrence within 12 months post PVI was significantly increased in patients with relevant ACM ≥2 cm2, electrical dysfunction with prolonged IAAT ≥143 ms and mechanical dysfunction with impaired LA-EF ≤33% (66 versus 20, 50 versus 23 and 55 versus 25%, all p < 0.05). Conclusion Left atrial hypertension, electrical conduction slowing and mechanical dysfunction are associated with ACM. These findings improve the understanding of ACM pathophysiology and may be suitable for risk stratification for new-onset AF, arrhythmia recurrence following PVI, and development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent AF and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eichenlaub
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Mueller-Edenborn
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Jan Minners
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Jander
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Martin Allgeier
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Lehrmann
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Simon Schoechlin
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Allgeier
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Trenk
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Arentz
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Amir Jadidi
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
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Liu Z, Xia Y, Guo C, Li X, Fang P, Yin X, Yang X. Low-Voltage Zones as the Atrial Fibrillation Substrates: Relationship With Initiation, Perpetuation, and Termination. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:705510. [PMID: 34409078 PMCID: PMC8365032 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.705510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-voltage zones (LVZs) were usually targeted for ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its relationship with AF initiation, perpetuation, and termination remains to be studied. This study aimed to explore such relationships. Methods: A total of 126 consecutive AF patients were enrolled, including 71 patients for AF induction protocol and 55 patients for AF termination protocol. Inducible and sustainable AF were defined as induced AF lasting over 30 and 300 s, respectively. Terminable AF was defined as those that could be terminated into sinus rhythm within 1 h after ibutilide administration. Voltage mapping was performed in sinus rhythm for all patients. LVZ was quantified as the percentage of the LVZ area (LVZ%) to the left atrium surface area. Results: The rates of inducible, sustainable, and terminable AF were 29.6, 18.3, and 38.2%, respectively. Inducible AF patients had no significant difference in overall LVZ% compared with uninducible AF patients (10.2 ± 11.8 vs. 8.5 ± 12.6, p = 0.606), while sustainable and interminable AF patients had larger overall LVZ% than unsustainable (16.2 ± 11.5 vs. 0.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.001) and terminable AF patients (44.6 ± 26.4 vs. 26.3 ± 22.3, p < 0.05), respectively. The segmental LVZ distribution pattern was diverse in the different stages of AF. Segmental LVZ% difference was initially observed in the anterior wall for patients with inducible AF, and the septum was further affected in those with sustainable AF, and the roof, posterior wall, and floor were finally affected in those with interminable AF. Conclusions: The associations between LVZ with AF initiation, perpetuation, and termination were different depending on its size and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xilin Gol League Central Hospital, Inner Mongolia, Xilinhot, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pihua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiandong Yin
- Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Schopp M, Dharmaprani D, Kuklik P, Quah J, Lahiri A, Tiver K, Meyer C, Willems S, McGavigan AD, Ganesan AN. Spatial concentration and distribution of phase singularities in human atrial fibrillation: Insights for the AF mechanism. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:922-930. [PMID: 34386118 PMCID: PMC8339121 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by the repetitive regeneration of unstable rotational events, the pivot of which are known as phase singularities (PSs). The spatial concentration and distribution of PSs have not been systematically investigated using quantitative statistical approaches. OBJECTIVES We utilized a geospatial statistical approach to determine the presence of local spatial concentration and global clustering of PSs in biatrial human AF recordings. METHODS 64-electrode conventional basket (~5 min, n = 18 patients, persistent AF) recordings were studied. Phase maps were produced using a Hilbert-transform based approach. PSs were characterized spatially using the following approaches: (i) local "hotspots" of high phase singularity (PS) concentration using Getis-Ord Gi* (Z ≥ 1.96, P ≤ .05) and (ii) global spatial clustering using Moran's I (inverse distance matrix). RESULTS Episodes of AF were analyzed from basket catheter recordings (H: 41 epochs, 120 000 s, n = 18 patients). The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic showed local PS hotspots in 12/41 basket recordings. As a metric of spatial clustering, Moran's I showed an overall mean of 0.033 (95% CI: 0.0003-0.065), consistent with the notion of complete spatial randomness. CONCLUSION Using a systematic, quantitative geospatial statistical approach, evidence for the existence of spatial concentrations ("hotspots") of PSs were detectable in human AF, along with evidence of spatial clustering. Geospatial statistical approaches offer a new approach to map and ablate PS clusters using substrate-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Schopp
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Dhani Dharmaprani
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Pawel Kuklik
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical CentreHamburgGermany
| | - Jing Quah
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineFlinders Medical CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Anandaroop Lahiri
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineFlinders Medical CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Kathryn Tiver
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineFlinders Medical CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Christian Meyer
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical CentreHamburgGermany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical CentreHamburgGermany
| | - Andrew D. McGavigan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineFlinders Medical CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Anand N. Ganesan
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineFlinders Medical CentreAdelaideSAAustralia
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Investigational Anti-Atrial Fibrillation Pharmacology and Mechanisms by Which Antiarrhythmics Terminate the Arrhythmia: Where Are We in 2020? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:492-505. [PMID: 33165131 PMCID: PMC7641178 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiarrhythmic drugs remain the mainstay therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A major disadvantage of the currently available anti-AF agents is the risk of induction of ventricular proarrhythmias. Aiming to reduce this risk, several atrial-specific or -selective ion channel block approaches have been introduced for AF suppression, but only the atrial-selective inhibition of the sodium channel has been demonstrated to be valid in both experimental and clinical studies. Among the other pharmacological anti-AF approaches, “upstream therapy” has been prominent but largely disappointing, and pulmonary delivery of anti-AF drugs seems to be promising. Major contradictions exist in the literature about the electrophysiological mechanisms of AF (ie, reentry or focal?) and the mechanisms by which anti-AF drugs terminate AF, making the search for novel anti-AF approaches largely empirical. Drug-induced termination of AF may or may not be associated with prolongation of the atrial effective refractory period. Anti-AF drug research has been largely based on the “suppress reentry” ideology; however, results of the AF mapping studies increasingly indicate that nonreentrant mechanism(s) plays an important role in the maintenance of AF. Also, the analysis of anti-AF drug-induced electrophysiological alterations during AF, conducted in the current study, leans toward the focal source as the prime mechanism of AF maintenance. More effort should be placed on the investigation of pharmacological suppression of the focal mechanisms.
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Müller-Edenborn B, Chen J, Allgeier J, Didenko M, Moreno-Weidmann Z, Neumann FJ, Lehrmann H, Weber R, Arentz T, Jadidi A. Amplified sinus-P-wave reveals localization and extent of left atrial low-voltage substrate: implications for arrhythmia freedom following pulmonary vein isolation. Europace 2021; 22:240-249. [PMID: 31782781 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Presence of arrhythmogenic left atrial (LA) low-voltage substrate (LVS) is associated with reduced arthythmia freedom rates following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that LA-LVS modifies amplified sinus-P-wave (APW) characteristics, enabling identification of patients at risk for arrhythmia recurrences following PVI. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-five patients with persistent AF underwent high-density (>1200 sites) voltage mapping in sinus rhythm. Left atrial low-voltage substrate (<0.5 and <1.0 mV) was quantified in a 10-segment LA model. Amplified sinus-P-wave-morphology and -duration were evaluated using digitized 12-lead electrocardiograms (40-80 mm/mV, 100-200 mm/s). 12-months arrhythmia freedom following circumferential PVI was assessed in 139 patients with persistent AF. Left atrial low-voltage substrate was most frequently (84%) found at the anteroseptal LA. Characteristic changes of APW were related to the localization and extent of LA-LVS. At an early stage, LA-LVS predominantly located to the LA-anteroseptum and was associated with APW-prolongation (≥150 ms). More extensive LA-LVS involved larger areas of LA-anteroseptum, leading to morphological changes of APW (biphasic positive-negative P-waves in inferior leads). Severe LA-LVS involved the LA-anteroseptum, roof and posterior LA, but spared the inferior LA, lateral LA, and LA appendage. In this advanced stage, widespread LVS at the posterior LA abolished the negative portion of P-wave in the inferior leads. The delayed activation of the lateral LA and LA appendage produced the late positive deflections in the anterolateral leads, resulting in the "late-terminal P"-pattern. Structured analysis of APW-duration and -morphology stratified patients to their individual extent of LA-LVS (Grade 1: mean LA-LVS 4.9 cm2 at <1.0 mV; Grade 2: 28.6 cm2; Grade 3: 42.3 cm2; P < 0.01). The diagnostic value of APW-duration for identification of LA-LVS was significantly superior to standard P-wave-amplification (c-statistic 0.945 vs. 0.647). Arrhythmia freedom following PVI differed significantly between APW-predicted grades of LA-LVS-severity [hazard ratio (HR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-4.83; P = 0.015 for Grade 1 vs. Grade 2; HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.21, P = 0.049 for Grade 2 vs. Grade 3). Arrhythmia freedom 12 months after PVI was 77%, 53%, and 33% in Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION Localization and extent of LA-LVS modifies APW-morphology and -duration. Analysis of APW allows accurate prediction of LA-LVS and enables rapid and non-invasive estimation of arrhythmia freedom following PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Müller-Edenborn
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgeier
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Maxim Didenko
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Military Medical Academy Named After S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Zoraida Moreno-Weidmann
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Lehrmann
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Reinhold Weber
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Arentz
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Amir Jadidi
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen Campus, Südring 15, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
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Kowalewski C. Mapping atrial fibrillation : An overview of potential mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation. Herz 2021; 46:305-311. [PMID: 34104977 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms sustaining atrial fibrillation are yet to be clarified. This article focuses on milestones in the theory of atrial fibrillation and addresses the different leading hypotheses concerning atrial fibrillation mechanisms. We start off with electric potential originating from the pulmonary vein, which triggers atrial fibrillation, discuss classic activation mapping and phase mapping as well as computer models, which have contributed to the our understanding of atrial fibrillation, and end with new mapping methods and studies highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of current mechanistic hypotheses. The technical evolution of mapping atrial fibrillation has led to new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation. A comparison between methods is essential for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method when mapping atrial fibrillation. Ultimately, the combination of several methods might shed light on the underlying mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and lead to a better understanding of atrial fibrillation and subsequently improve treatment of this condition.
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Szili-Torok T, Kis Z, Bhagwandien R, Wijchers S, Yap SC, Hoogendijk M, Dumas N, Haeusser P, Geczy T, Kong MH, Ruppersberg P. Functional electrographic flow patterns in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation predict outcome of catheter ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2148-2158. [PMID: 34041824 PMCID: PMC8453922 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims Electrographic flow (EGF) mapping is a method to detect action potential sources within the atria. In a double‐blinded retrospective study we evaluated whether sources detected by EGF are related to procedural outcome. Methods EGF maps were retrospectively generated using the Ablamap® software from unipolar data recorded with a 64‐pole basket catheter from patients who previously underwent focal impulse and rotor modulation‐guided ablation. We analyzed patient outcomes based on source activity (SAC) and variability. Freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) was defined as no recurrence of AF, atypical flutter or atrial tachycardia at the follow‐up visits. Results EGF maps were from 123 atria in 64 patients with persistent or long‐standing persistent AF. Procedural outcome correlation with SAC peaked at >26%. S‐type EGF signature (source‐dependent AF) is characterized by stable sources with SAC > 26% and C‐type (source‐independent AF) is characterized by sources with SAC ≤ 26%. Cases with AF recurrence at 3‐, 6‐, or 12‐month follow‐up showed a median final SAC 34%; while AF‐free patients had sources with significantly lower median final SAC 21% (p = .0006). Patients with final SAC and Variability above both thresholds had 94% recurrence, while recurrence was only 36% for patients with leading source SAC and variability below threshold (p = .0001). S‐type EGF signature post‐ablation was associated with an AF recurrence rate 88.5% versus 38.1% with C‐type EGF signature. Conclusions EGF mapping enables the visualization of active AF sources. Sources with SAC > 26% appear relevant and their presence post‐ablation correlates with high rates of AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsuzsanna Kis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sip Wijchers
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sing-Chien Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogendijk
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadege Dumas
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Haeusser
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Geczy
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abad R, Collart O, Ganesan P, Rogers AJ, Alhusseini MI, Rodrigo M, Narayan SM, Rappel WJ. Three dimensional reconstruction to visualize atrial fibrillation activation patterns on curved atrial geometry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249873. [PMID: 33836026 PMCID: PMC8034734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rotational activation created by spiral waves may be a mechanism for atrial fibrillation (AF), yet it is unclear how activation patterns obtained from endocardial baskets are influenced by the 3D geometric curvature of the atrium or 'unfolding' into 2D maps. We develop algorithms that can visualize spiral waves and their tip locations on curved atrial geometries. We use these algorithms to quantify differences in AF maps and spiral tip locations between 3D basket reconstructions, projection onto 3D anatomical shells and unfolded 2D surfaces. METHODS We tested our algorithms in N = 20 patients in whom AF was recorded from 64-pole baskets (Abbott, CA). Phase maps were generated by non-proprietary software to identify the tips of spiral waves, indicated by phase singularities. The number and density of spiral tips were compared in patient-specific 3D shells constructed from the basket, as well as 3D maps from clinical electroanatomic mapping systems and 2D maps. RESULTS Patients (59.4±12.7 yrs, 60% M) showed 1.7±0.8 phase singularities/patient, in whom ablation terminated AF in 11/20 patients (55%). There was no difference in the location of phase singularities, between 3D curved surfaces and 2D unfolded surfaces, with a median correlation coefficient between phase singularity density maps of 0.985 (0.978-0.990). No significant impact was noted by phase singularities location in more curved regions or relative to the basket location (p>0.1). CONCLUSIONS AF maps and phase singularities mapped by endocardial baskets are qualitatively and quantitatively similar whether calculated by 3D phase maps on patient-specific curved atrial geometries or in 2D. Phase maps on patient-specific geometries may be easier to interpret relative to critical structures for ablation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Abad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Orvil Collart
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Prasanth Ganesan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - A. J. Rogers
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mahmood I. Alhusseini
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Miguel Rodrigo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sanjiv M. Narayan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMN); (WJR)
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMN); (WJR)
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Miyauchi S, Tokuyama T, Shintani T, Nishi H, Hamamoto Y, Ouhara K, Furusho H, Miyauchi M, Komatsuzawa H, Nakano Y. Periodontitis and the outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation: Porphyromonas gingivalis is related to atrial fibrillation recurrence. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:1240-1250. [PMID: 33590642 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is one of the main causes of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen in the oral-systemic disease connection and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against P. gingivalis reflect the clinical status of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between late recurrence of AF after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis. METHODS A total of 596 AF patients (mean age, 64.9 ± 10.0 years; 69% male; 61% paroxysmal AF) who underwent a first session of RFCA were enrolled. Patients were carefully examined for late recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 17.1 ± 14.5 months. Serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis (types I-IV) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of serum antibody titers were divided into a high-value and a low-value group. RESULTS Among the five P. gingivalis subtypes, serum antibody titer against P. gingivalis type IV was associated with late recurrence (odds ratio, 1.937; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.301-2.884; p = .002). Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that high-value serum antibody titer against P. gingivalis type IV independently predicted late recurrence (paroxysmal AF: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.569; 95% CI, 1.010-2.427; p = .04; non-paroxysmal AF: adjusted HR, 1.909; 95% CI, 1.213-3.005; p = .004). CONCLUSION Periodontitis was related to the late recurrence of AF after RFCA. P. gingivalis type IV may be pathogenic for AF recurrence after RFCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center for Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ravikumar V, Annoni E, Parthiban P, Zlochiver S, Roukoz H, Mulpuru SK, Tolkacheva EG. Novel mapping techniques for rotor core detection using simulated intracardiac electrograms. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:1268-1280. [PMID: 33570241 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter ablation is associated with limited success rates in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently, existing mapping systems fail to identify critical target sites for ablation. Recently, we proposed and validated several techniques (multiscale frequency [MSF], Shannon entropy [SE], kurtosis [Kt], and multiscale entropy [MSE]) to identify pivot point of rotors using ex-vivo optical mapping animal experiments. However, the performance of these techniques is unclear for the clinically recorded intracardiac electrograms (EGMs), due to the different nature of the signals. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the performance of MSF, MSE, SE, and Kt techniques to identify the pivot point of the rotor using unipolar and bipolar EGMs obtained from numerical simulations. METHODS Stationary and meandering rotors were simulated in a 2D human atria. The performances of new approaches were quantified by comparing the "true" core of the rotor with the core identified by the techniques. Also, the performances of all techniques were evaluated in the presence of noise, scar, and for the case of the multielectrode multispline and grid catheters. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that all the approaches are able to accurately identify the pivot point of both stationary and meandering rotors from both unipolar and bipolar EGMs. The presence of noise and scar tissue did not significantly affect the performance of the techniques. Finally, the core of the rotors was correctly identified for the case of multielectrode multispline and grid catheter simulations. CONCLUSION The core of rotors can be successfully identified from EGMs using novel techniques; thus, providing motivation for future clinical implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Ravikumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth Annoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Preethy Parthiban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sharon Zlochiver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henri Roukoz
- Division of Cardiovascular, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Siva K Mulpuru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elena G Tolkacheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Shi R, Chen Z, Pope MTB, Zaman JAB, Debney M, Marinelli A, Boyalla V, Sathishkumar A, Karim N, Cantor E, Valli H, Haldar S, Jones DG, Hussain W, Markides V, Betts TR, Wong T. Individualized ablation strategy to treat persistent atrial fibrillation: Core-to-boundary approach guided by charge-density mapping. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:862-870. [PMID: 33610744 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncontact charge-density mapping allows rapid real-time global mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF), offering the opportunity for a personalized ablation strategy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the 2-year outcome of an individualized strategy consisting of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plus core-to-boundary ablation (targeting the conduction pattern core with an extension to the nearest nonconducting boundary) guided by charge-density mapping, with an empirical PVI plus posterior wall electrical isolation (PWI) strategy. METHODS Forty patients (age 62 ± 12 years; 29 male) with persistent AF (10 ± 5 months) prospectively underwent charge-density mapping-guided PVI, followed by core-to-boundary stepwise ablation until termination of AF or depletion of identified cores. Freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) at 24 months was compared with a propensity score-matched control group of 80 patients with empirical PVI + PWI guided by conventional contact mapping. RESULTS Acute AF termination occurred in 8 of 40 patients after charge-density mapping-guided PVI alone and in 21 of the remaining 32 patients after core-to-boundary ablation in the study cohort, compared with 8 of 80 (10%) in the control cohort (P <.001). On average, 2.2 ± 0.6 cores were ablated post-PVI before acute AF termination. At 24 months, freedom from AF/AT after a single procedure was 68% in the study group vs 46% in the control group (P = .043). CONCLUSION An individualized ablation strategy consisting of PVI plus core-to-boundary ablation guided by noncontact charge-density mapping is a feasible and effective strategy for treating persistent AF, with a favorable 24-month outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong Chen
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T B Pope
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junaid A B Zaman
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Debney
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Marinelli
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vennela Boyalla
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anitha Sathishkumar
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nabeela Karim
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Cantor
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Valli
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shouvik Haldar
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David G Jones
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wajid Hussain
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vias Markides
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Betts
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wong
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Lațcu DG, Enache B, Hasni K, Wedn AM, Zarqane N, Pathak A, Saoudi N. Sequential ultrahigh-density contact mapping of persistent atrial fibrillation: An efficient technique for driver identification. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 32:29-40. [PMID: 33155347 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature supports the existence of drivers as maintainers of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether ultrahigh density (UHD) contact mapping may detect them is unknown. METHODS We sequentially mapped the left atrial (LA) activation during spontaneous persistent AF and performed circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI), followed by remapping and ablation of potential drivers (rotational and focal propagation sites) with Rhythmia™ in 90 patients. The time reference was an LA appendage (LAA) electrogram (EGM). Regions with uniform color were defined as "organized." Only patients (51) with no previous ablation were considered for acute results and follow-up reporting. RESULTS LA maps (175 ± 28 ml, 43578 ± 18013 EGM) were acquired in 23 ± 7 min. In all post-CPVI maps potential drivers (7.3 ± 3.2/patient) were visualized: 85% with rotational propagation and continuous low voltage in the center; the remaining with focal propagation and an organized EGM at the site of earliest activation. The RF delivery time for extra-PV driver ablation was 12.2 ± 7.9 min. There was a progressive increase of AF organization: the LAA cycle length prolonged, the number of potential drivers decreased, and the organized LA surface in AF increased from 14 ± 6% to 28 ± 16% (p = .0007). Termination of AF without cardioversion was obtained in 67%. AF recurrence rate at 15 ± 7.3 months was 17.6% after the first procedure. CONCLUSIONS Sequential UHD contact activation mapping of persistent AF allows visualization of potential drivers. A sequential strategy of CPVI followed by ablation of potential drivers with limited RF time resulted in an increasing organization of AF and good acute and long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bogdan Enache
- Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco.,University of Medecine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | | | - Ahmed M Wedn
- Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco.,Department of Critical Care, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Glass L. Using mathematics to diagnose, cure, and predict cardiac arrhythmia. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:113132. [PMID: 33261334 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mathematics can be used to analyze and model cardiac arrhythmia. I discuss three different problems. (1) Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation based on the time intervals between subsequent beats. The probability density histograms of the differences of the intervals between consecutive beats have characteristic shapes for atrial fibrillation. (2) Curing atrial fibrillation by ablation of the core of rotors. Recent clinical studies have proposed that ablating the core of rotors in atrial tissue can cure atrial fibrillation. However, the claims are controversial. One problem that arises relates to difficulties associated with developing algorithms to identify the core of rotors. In model tissue culture systems, heterogeneity in the structure makes it difficult to unambiguously locate the core of rotors. (3) Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Despite numerous clinical studies, there is still a need for improved criteria to assess the risk of SCD. I discuss the possibility of using the dynamics of premature ventricular complexes to help make predictions. The development of wearable devices to record and analyze cardiac rhythms offers new prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Glass
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Zeemering S, van Hunnik A, van Rosmalen F, Bonizzi P, Scaf B, Delhaas T, Verheule S, Schotten U. A Novel Tool for the Identification and Characterization of Repetitive Patterns in High-Density Contact Mapping of Atrial Fibrillation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570118. [PMID: 33178041 PMCID: PMC7593698 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electrical contact mapping provides a detailed view of conduction patterns in the atria during atrial fibrillation (AF). Identification of repetitive wave front propagation mechanisms potentially initiating or sustaining AF might provide more insights into temporal and spatial distribution of candidate AF mechanism and identify targets for catheter ablation. We developed a novel tool based on recurrence plots to automatically identify and characterize repetitive conduction patterns in high-density contact mapping of AF. Materials and Methods Recurrence plots were constructed by first transforming atrial electrograms recorded by a multi-electrode array to activation-phase signals and then quantifying the degree of similarity between snapshots of the activation-phase in the electrode array. An AF cycle length dependent distance threshold was applied to discriminate between repetitive and non-repetitive snapshots. Intervals containing repetitive conduction patterns were detected in a recurrence plot as regions with a high recurrence rate. Intervals that contained similar repetitive patterns were then grouped into clusters. To demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify the incidence, duration and size of repetitive patterns, the tool was applied to left and right atrial recordings in a goat model of different duration of persistent AF [3 weeks AF (3 wkAF, n = 8) and 22 weeks AF (22 wkAF, n = 8)], using a 249-electrode mapping array (2.4 mm inter-electrode distance). Results Recurrence plots identified frequent recurrences of activation patterns in all recordings and indicated a strong correlation between recurrence plot threshold and AF cycle length. Prolonged AF duration was associated with shorter repetitive pattern duration [mean maximum duration 3 wkAF: 74 cycles, 95% confidence interval (54-94) vs. 22 wkAF: 41 cycles (21-62), p = 0.03], and smaller recurrent regions within repetitive patterns [3 wkAF 1.7 cm2 (1.0-2.3) vs. 22 wkAF 0.5 cm2 (0.0-1.2), p = 0.02]. Both breakthrough patterns and re-entry were identified as repetitive conduction patterns. Conclusion Recurrence plots provide a novel way to delineate high-density contact mapping of AF. Dominant repetitive conduction patterns were identified in a goat model of sustained AF. Application of the developed methodology using the new generation of multi-electrode catheters could identify additional targets for catheter ablation of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Zeemering
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arne van Hunnik
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frank van Rosmalen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pietro Bonizzi
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Billy Scaf
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Huang Z, Gan Y, Lye T, Zhang H, Laine A, Angelini ED, Hendon C. Heterogeneity Measurement of Cardiac Tissues Leveraging Uncertainty Information from Image Segmentation. MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION : MICCAI ... INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION 2020; 12261:782-791. [PMID: 34169298 PMCID: PMC8220598 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59710-8_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Identifying arrhythmia substrates and quantifying their heterogeneity has great potential to provide critical guidance for radio frequency ablation. However, quantitative analysis of heterogeneity on cardiac optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is lacking. In this paper, we conduct the first study on quantifying cardiac tissue heterogeneity from human OCT images. Our proposed method applies a dropout-based Monte Carlo sampling technique to measure the model uncertainty. The heterogeneity information is extracted by decoupling the intra/inter-tissue heterogeneity and tissue boundary uncertainty from the uncertainty measurement. We empirically demonstrate that our model can highlight the subtle features from OCT images, and the heterogeneity information extracted is positively correlated with the tissue heterogeneity information from corresponding histology images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Theresa Lye
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haofeng Zhang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Laine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elsa D Angelini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, ITMAT Data Science Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Roney CH, Beach ML, Mehta AM, Sim I, Corrado C, Bendikas R, Solis-Lemus JA, Razeghi O, Whitaker J, O’Neill L, Plank G, Vigmond E, Williams SE, O’Neill MD, Niederer SA. In silico Comparison of Left Atrial Ablation Techniques That Target the Anatomical, Structural, and Electrical Substrates of Atrial Fibrillation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1145. [PMID: 33041850 PMCID: PMC7526475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.572874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter ablation therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) typically includes pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and may include additional ablation lesions that target patient-specific anatomical, electrical, or structural features. Clinical centers employ different ablation strategies, which use imaging data together with electroanatomic mapping data, depending on data availability. The aim of this study was to compare ablation techniques across a virtual cohort of AF patients. We constructed 20 paroxysmal and 30 persistent AF patient-specific left atrial (LA) bilayer models incorporating fibrotic remodeling from late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI scans. AF was simulated and post-processed using phase mapping to determine electrical driver locations over 15 s. Six different ablation approaches were tested: (i) PVI alone, modeled as wide-area encirclement of the pulmonary veins; PVI together with: (ii) roof and inferior lines to model posterior wall box isolation; (iii) isolating the largest fibrotic area (identified by LGE-MRI); (iv) isolating all fibrotic areas; (v) isolating the largest driver hotspot region [identified as high simulated phase singularity (PS) density]; and (vi) isolating all driver hotspot regions. Ablation efficacy was assessed to predict optimal ablation therapies for individual patients. We subsequently trained a random forest classifier to predict ablation response using (a) imaging metrics alone, (b) imaging and electrical metrics, or (c) imaging, electrical, and ablation lesion metrics. The optimal ablation approach resulting in termination, or if not possible atrial tachycardia (AT), varied among the virtual patient cohort: (i) 20% PVI alone, (ii) 6% box ablation, (iii) 2% largest fibrosis area, (iv) 4% all fibrosis areas, (v) 2% largest driver hotspot, and (vi) 46% all driver hotspots. Around 20% of cases remained in AF for all ablation strategies. The addition of patient-specific and ablation pattern specific lesion metrics to the trained random forest classifier improved predictive capability from an accuracy of 0.73 to 0.83. The trained classifier results demonstrate that the surface areas of pre-ablation driver regions and of fibrotic tissue not isolated by the proposed ablation strategy are both important for predicting ablation outcome. Overall, our study demonstrates the need to select the optimal ablation strategy for each patient. It suggests that both patient-specific fibrosis properties and driver locations are important for planning ablation approaches, and the distribution of lesions is important for predicting an acute response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Roney
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne L. Beach
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arihant M. Mehta
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Sim
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare Corrado
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rokas Bendikas
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose A. Solis-Lemus
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orod Razeghi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gernot Plank
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Edward Vigmond
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Steven E. Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A. Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nery PB, Alqarawi W, Nair GM, Sadek MM, Redpath CJ, Golian M, Al Dawood W, Chen L, Hansom SP, Klein A, Wells GA, Birnie DH. Catheter Ablation of Low-Voltage Areas for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Procedural Outcomes Using High-Density Voltage Mapping. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:1956-1964. [PMID: 32738208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several approaches have been proposed to address the challenge of catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the optimal ablation strategy is unknown. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plus low-voltage area (LVA) ablation using contemporary high-density mapping to identify LVA in patients with persistent AF. METHODS Consecutive patients accepted for AF catheter ablation were studied. High-density bipolar voltage mapping data were acquired in sinus rhythm using multipolar catheters to detect LVA (defined as bipolar voltage < 0.5 mV). Semiautomated impedance-based software was used to ensure catheter contact during data collection. Patients underwent PVI + LVA ablation (if LVA present). RESULTS A total of 145 patients were studied; 95 patients undergoing PVI + LVA ablation were compared with 50 controls treated with PVI only. Average age was 61 ± 10 years, and 80% were male. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Freedom from atrial tachycardia/AF at 18 months was 72% after PVI + LVA ablation vs 58% in controls (P = 0.022). Median procedure duration (273 [240, 342] vs 305 [262, 360] minutes; P = 0.019) and radiofrequency delivery (50 [43, 63] vs 55 [35, 68] minutes; P = 0.39) were longer in the PVI + LVA ablation group. Multivariable analysis showed that the ablation strategy (PVI + LVA) was the only independent predictor of freedom from atrial tachycardia/AF (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.96; P = 0.036). There were no adverse safety outcomes associated with LVA ablation. CONCLUSIONS An individualized strategy of high-density mapping to assess the atrial substrate followed by PVI combined with LVA ablation is associated with improved outcomes. Adequately powered randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the role of PVI + LVA ablation for persistent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo B Nery
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wael Alqarawi
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Girish M Nair
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mouhannad M Sadek
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calum J Redpath
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Golian
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wafa Al Dawood
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon P Hansom
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andres Klein
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Wells
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Birnie
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Shi R, Chen Z, Butcher C, Zaman JAB, Boyalla V, Wang YK, Riad O, Sathishkumar A, Norman M, Haldar S, Jones DG, Hussain W, Markides V, Wong T. Diverse activation patterns during persistent atrial fibrillation by noncontact charge-density mapping of human atrium. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:692-702. [PMID: 32782641 PMCID: PMC7411208 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global simultaneous recording of atrial activation during atrial fibrillation (AF) can elucidate underlying mechanisms contributing to AF maintenance. A better understanding of these mechanisms may allow for an individualized ablation strategy to treat persistent AF. The study aims to characterize left atrial endocardial activation patterns during AF using noncontact charge-density mapping. METHODS Twenty-five patients with persistent AF were studied. Activation patterns were characterized into three subtypes: (i) focal with centrifugal activation (FCA); (ii) localized rotational activation (LRA); and (iii) localized irregular activation (LIA). Continuous activation patterns were analyzed and distributed in 18 defined regions in the left atrium. RESULTS A total of 144 AF segments with 1068 activation patterns were analyzed. The most common pattern during AF was LIA (63%) which consists of four disparate features of activation: slow conduction (45%), pivoting (30%), collision (16%), and acceleration (7%). LRA was the second-most common pattern (20%). FCA accounted for 17% of all activations, arising frequently from the pulmonary veins (PVs)/ostia. A majority of patients (24/25; 96%) showed continuous and highly dynamic patterns of activation comprising multiple combinations of FCA, LRA, and LIA, transitioning from one to the other without a discernible order. Preferential conduction areas were typically seen in the mid-anterior (48%) and lower-posterior (40%) walls. CONCLUSION Atrial fibrillation is characterized by heterogeneous activation patterns identified in PV-ostia and non-PV regions throughout the LA at varying locations between individuals. Clinical implications of individualized ablation strategies guided by charge-density mapping need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe First Affliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Zhong Chen
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlie Butcher
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Junaid AB Zaman
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vennela Boyalla
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yi Kan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering InstituteUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Omar Riad
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anitha Sathishkumar
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mark Norman
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shouvik Haldar
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - David G Jones
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Wajid Hussain
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vias Markides
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tom Wong
- Heart Rhythm CentreThe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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46
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Soattin L, Lubberding AF, Bentzen BH, Christ T, Jespersen T. Inhibition of Adenosine Pathway Alters Atrial Electrophysiology and Prevents Atrial Fibrillation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:493. [PMID: 32595514 PMCID: PMC7304385 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosine leads to atrial action potential (AP) shortening through activation of adenosine 1 receptors (A1-R) and subsequent opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels. Extracellular production of adenosine is drastically increased during stress and ischemia. Objective The aim of this study was to address whether the pharmacological blockade of endogenous production of adenosine and of its signaling prevents atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods The role of A1-R activation on atrial action potential duration, refractoriness, and AF vulnerability was investigated in rat isolated beating heart preparations (Langendorff) with an A1-R agonist [2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), 50 nM] and antagonist [1-butyl-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-8-(3-noradamantyl)xanthine (PSB36), 40 nM]. Furthermore, to interfere with the endogenous adenosine release, the ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitor was applied [5′-(α,β-methylene) diphosphate sodium salt (AMPCP), 500 μM]. Isolated trabeculae from human right atrial appendages (hRAAs) were used for comparison. Results As expected, CCPA shortened AP duration at 90% of repolarization (APD90) and effective refractory period (ERP) in rat atria. PSB36 prolonged APD90 and ERP in rat atria, and CD73 inhibition with AMPCP prolonged ERP in rats, confirming that endogenously produced amount of adenosine is sufficiently high to alter atrial electrophysiology. In human atrial appendages, CCPA shortened APD90, while PSB36 prolonged it. Rat hearts treated with CCPA are prone to AF. In contrast, PSB36 and AMPCP prevented AF events and reduced AF duration (vehicle, 11.5 ± 2.6 s; CCPA, 40.6 ± 16.1 s; PSB36, 6.5 ± 3.7 s; AMPCP, 3.0 ± 1.4 s; P < 0.0001). Conclusion A1-R activation by intrinsic adenosine release alters atrial electrophysiology and promotes AF. Inhibition of adenosine pathway protects atria from arrhythmic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soattin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anniek Frederike Lubberding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Specific Electrogram Characteristics Identify the Extra-Pulmonary Vein Arrhythmogenic Sources of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation - Characterization of the Arrhythmogenic Electrogram Patterns During Atrial Fibrillation and Sinus Rhythm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9147. [PMID: 32499483 PMCID: PMC7272441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of atrial sites that perpetuate atrial fibrillation (AF), and ablation thereof terminates AF, is challenging. We hypothesized that specific electrogram (EGM) characteristics identify AF-termination sites (AFTS). Twenty-one patients in whom low-voltage-guided ablation after pulmonary vein isolation terminated clinical persistent AF were included. Patients were included if short RF-delivery for <8sec at a given atrial site was associated with acute termination of clinical persistent AF. EGM-characteristics at 21 AFTS, 105 targeted sites without termination and 105 non-targeted control sites were analyzed. Alteration of EGM-characteristics by local fibrosis was evaluated in a three-dimensional high resolution (100 µm)-computational AF model. AFTS demonstrated lower EGM-voltage, higher EGM-cycle-length-coverage, shorter AF-cycle-length and higher pattern consistency than control sites (0.49 ± 0.39 mV vs. 0.83 ± 0.76 mV, p < 0.0001; 79 ± 16% vs. 59 ± 22%, p = 0.0022; 173 ± 49 ms vs. 198 ± 34 ms, p = 0.047; 80% vs. 30%, p < 0.01). Among targeted sites, AFTS had higher EGM-cycle-length coverage, shorter local AF-cycle-length and higher pattern consistency than targeted sites without AF-termination (79 ± 16% vs. 63 ± 23%, p = 0.02; 173 ± 49 ms vs. 210 ± 44 ms, p = 0.002; 80% vs. 40%, p = 0.01). Low voltage (0.52 ± 0.3 mV) fractionated EGMs (79 ± 24 ms) with delayed components in sinus rhythm (‘atrial late potentials’, respectively ‘ALP’) were observed at 71% of AFTS. EGMs recorded from fibrotic areas in computational models demonstrated comparable EGM-characteristics both in simulated AF and sinus rhythm. AFTS may therefore be identified by locally consistent, fractionated low-voltage EGMs with high cycle-length-coverage and rapid activity in AF, with low-voltage, fractionated EGMs with delayed components/ ‘atrial late potentials’ (ALP) persisting in sinus rhythm.
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48
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Nakatani Y, Yamaguchi Y, Sakamoto T, Tsujino Y, Kinugawa K. Ripple map guided catheter ablation targeting abnormal atrial potentials during sinus rhythm for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:1970-1978. [PMID: 32449314 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal atrial potential (AAP) during sinus rhythm may be a critical ablation target for atrial fibrillation. However, the assessment of local electrograms throughout the left atrium is difficult. Thus, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of Ripple map guided AAP ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS AAP areas were determined by Ripple mapping on the CARTO system in 35 patients (Ripple group) by marking the area where small deflections persisted after the first deflection wavefront had passed. Following pulmonary vein isolation, AAP areas were ablated. If AAP areas were located on the left atrial posterior wall, the posterior wall was isolated. The outcome of this approach was compared with that of 66 patients who underwent an empirical linear ablation approach (control group). There were no differences in patient characteristics between the groups. The total radiofrequency application time and procedure time were shorter in the Ripple group than in the control group (radiofrequency application time, 48 ± 14 minutes vs 61 ± 13 minutes, P < .001; procedure time, 205 ± 30 minutes vs 221 ± 27 minutes, P = .013). Gastroparesis occurred in one patient in each group (P = .645), but in both cases this was relieved with conservative therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that rate of freedom from atrial arrhythmia was higher in the Ripple group than in the control group (91% vs 74% during the 12 months' follow up; P = .040). CONCLUSION Ripple map guided AAP ablation effectively suppressed atrial arrhythmia in patients with non-paroxysmal AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakatani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsujino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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49
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Kim Y, Chen S, Ernst S, Guzman CE, Han S, Kalarus Z, Labadet C, Lin Y, Lo L, Nogami A, Saad EB, Sapp J, Sticherling C, Tilz R, Tung R, Kim YG, Stiles MK. 2019 APHRS expert consensus statement on three-dimensional mapping systems for tachycardia developed in collaboration with HRS, EHRA, and LAHRS. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:215-270. [PMID: 32256872 PMCID: PMC7132207 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineArrhythmia CenterKorea University Medicine Anam HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Shih‐Ann Chen
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiROC
| | - Sabine Ernst
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Brompton and Harefield HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Seongwook Han
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKeimyung University School of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Zbigniew Kalarus
- Department of CardiologyMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Carlos Labadet
- Cardiology DepartmentArrhythmias and Electrophysiology ServiceClinica y Maternidad Suizo ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Yenn‐Jian Lin
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiROC
| | - Li‐Wei Lo
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiROC
| | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of CardiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Eduardo B. Saad
- Center for Atrial FibrillationHospital Pro‐CardiacoRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - John Sapp
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineQEII Health Sciences CentreDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | | | - Roland Tilz
- Medical Clinic II (Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine)University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein (UKSH) – Campus LuebeckLuebeckGermany
| | - Roderick Tung
- Center for Arrhythmia CarePritzker School of MedicineUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Yun Gi Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineArrhythmia CenterKorea University Medicine Anam HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
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50
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Honarbakhsh S, Schilling RJ, Keating E, Finlay M, Hunter RJ. Drivers in AF colocate to sites of electrogram organization and rapidity: Potential synergy between spectral analysis and STAR mapping approaches in prioritizing drivers for ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:1340-1349. [PMID: 32219906 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stochastic trajectory analysis of ranked signals (STAR) mapping has recently been used to ablate persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) with high rates of AF termination and long-term freedom from AF in small, single-arm studies. We hypothesized that rapidity and organization markers would correlate with early sites of activation (ESA). METHODS Patients undergoing persistent AF ablation as part of the STAR mapping study were included. Five-minute unipolar basket recordings used to create STAR maps were used to determine the minimum-cycle length (Min-CL) and CL variability (CLV) at each electrode to identify the site of the fastest Min-CL and lowest CLV across the left atrium (LA). The location of ESA targeted with ablation was compared with these sites. Dominant frequency was assessed at ESA and compared with that of neighboring electrodes to assess for regional gradients. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were included with 83 ESA ablated, with an ablation response at 73 sites (24 AF termination and 49 CL slowing ≥30 ms). Out of these, 54 (74.0%) and 56 (76.7%) colocated to sites of fastest Min-CL and lowest CLV, respectively. Regional CL and frequency gradients were demonstrable at majority of ESA. ESA colocating to sites of fastest Min-CL and lowest CLV were more likely to terminate AF with ablation (odds ratio, 34 and 29, respectively, P = .02). These showed a moderate sensitivity (74.0% Min-CL and 75.3% CLV) and specificity (66.7% Min-CL and 76.9% CLV) in predicting ESA with an ablation response. CONCLUSIONS ESA correlate with rapidity and organization markers. Further work is needed to clarify any role for spectral analysis in prioritizing driver ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Keating
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Finlay
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross J Hunter
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,QUML
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