1
|
Vonk J, Kukačka J, Steinkamp P, de Wit J, Voskuil F, Hooghiemstra W, Bader M, Jüstel D, Ntziachristos V, van Dam G, Witjes M. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography for in vivo detection of lymph node metastases in oral cancer patients using an EGFR-targeted contrast agent and intrinsic tissue contrast: A proof-of-concept study. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100362. [PMID: 35541024 PMCID: PMC9079001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer patients undergo diagnostic surgeries to detect occult lymph node metastases missed by preoperative structural imaging techniques. Reducing these invasive procedures that are associated with considerable morbidity, requires better preoperative detection. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is a rapidly evolving imaging technique that may improve preoperative detection of (early-stage) lymph node metastases, enabling the identification of molecular changes that often precede structural changes in tumorigenesis. Here, we characterize the optoacoustic properties of cetuximab-800CW, a tumor-specific fluorescent tracer showing several photophysical properties that benefit optoacoustic signal generation. In this first clinical proof-of-concept study, we explore its use as optoacoustic to differentiate between malignant and benign lymph nodes. We characterize the appearance of malignant lymph nodes and show differences in the distribution of intrinsic chromophores compared to benign lymph nodes. In addition, we suggest several approaches to improve the efficiency of follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vonk
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. Kukačka
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - P.J. Steinkamp
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J.G. de Wit
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F.J. Voskuil
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - W.T.R. Hooghiemstra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M. Bader
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D. Jüstel
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - V. Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - G.M. van Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- AxelaRx / TRACER B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M.J.H. Witjes
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence to: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paired-Agent Fluorescence Molecular Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Using Indocyanine Green as a Control Agent for Antibody-Based Targeted Agents. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:7561862. [PMID: 30718985 PMCID: PMC6335824 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7561862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Paired-agent molecular imaging methods, which employ coadministration of an untargeted, "control" imaging agent with a targeted agent to correct for nonspecific uptake, have been demonstrated to detect 200 cancer cells in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. This study demonstrates that indocyanine green (ICG), which is approved for human use, is an ideal control agent for future paired-agent studies to facilitate eventual clinical translation. Methods The kinetics of ICG were compared with a known ideal control imaging agent, IRDye-700DX-labeled antibody in both healthy and metastatic rat popliteal lymph nodes after coadministration, intradermally in the footpad. Results The kinetics of ICG and antibody-based imaging agent in tumor-free rat lymph nodes demonstrated a strong correlation with each other (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) with a measured binding potential of -0.102 ± 0.03 at 20 min postagent injection, while the kinetics of ICG and targeted imaging agent shows significant separation in the metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusion This study indicated a potential for microscopic sensitivity to cancer spread in sentinel lymph nodes using ICG as a control agent for antibody-based molecular imaging assays.
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Torres VC, Tichauer KM. Noninvasive detection of cancer spread to lymph nodes: A review of molecular imaging principles and protocols. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:301-314. [PMID: 30196532 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of cancer spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes offers critical information for guiding treatment in many cancer types. Current clinical methods of nodal staging are invasive and can have substantial negative side effects. Molecular imaging protocols have long been proposed as a less invasive means of nodal staging, having the potential to enable highly sensitive and specific evaluations. This review article summarizes the current status and future perspectives for molecular targeted nodal staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Veronica C Torres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He K, Mao Y, Ye J, An Y, Jiang S, Chi C, Tian J. A novel wireless wearable fluorescence image-guided surgery system. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:5208-5211. [PMID: 28269438 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Segmentectomy using indocyanine green (ICG) has become a primary treatment option to achieve a complete resection and preserve lung function in early-stage lung cancer. However, owing to a lack of appropriate intraoperative imaging systems, it is a huge challenge for surgeons to identify the intersegmental plane during the operation, leading to poor prognosis. Thus, we developed a novel wireless wearable fluorescence image-guided surgery system (LIGHTEN) for fast and accurate identification of intersegmental planes in human patients. The system consists of a handle, light source, Google glass and laptop. Application software is written to capture clear real-time images and Google glass is adopted to display with augmented reality. Twelve in vivo studies of pulmonary segmentectomy in swine by intravenous injection of ICG were conducted to test the performance of the system. A distinct black-and-white transition zone image was observed and displayed simultaneously on the Google glass in all swine. The results demonstrated that surgeons using LIGHTEN can effortlessly and quickly discern intersegmental planes during the operation. Our system has enormous potential in helping surgeons to precisely identify intersegmental planes with mobility and high-sensitivity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Snir JA, Suchy M, Lawrence KS, Hudson RH, Pasternak S, Bartha R. Prolonged In Vivo Retention of a Cathepsin D Targeted Optical Contrast Agent in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 48:73-87. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan A. Snir
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mojmir Suchy
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert H.E. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen H. Pasternak
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
DSouza AV, Elliott JT, Gunn JR, Barth RJ, Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Pogue BW. Nodal lymph flow quantified with afferent vessel input function allows differentiation between normal and cancer-bearing nodes. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1304-17. [PMID: 25909014 PMCID: PMC4399669 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Morbidity and complexity involved in lymph node staging via surgical resection and biopsy could ideally be improved using node assay techniques that are non-invasive. While visible blue dyes are often used to locate the sentinel lymph nodes from draining lymphatic vessels near a tumor, they do not provide an in situ metric to evaluate presence of cancer. In this study, the transport kinetics of methylene blue were analyzed to determine the potential for better in situ information about metastatic involvement in the nodes. A rat model with cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes was used, with methylene blue injection to image the fluorescence kinetics. The lymphatic flow from injection sites to nodes was imaged and the relative kinetics from feeding lymphatic ducts relative to lymph nodes was quantified. Large variability existed in raw fluorescence and transport patterns within each cohort resulting in no systematic difference between average nodal uptake in normal, sham control and cancer-bearing nodes. However, when the signal from the afferent lymph vessel fluorescence was used to normalize the signal of the lymph nodes, the high signal heterogeneity was reduced. Using a model, the lymph flow through the nodes [Formula: see text] was estimated to be 1.49 ± 0.64 ml/g/min in normal nodes, 1.53 ± 0.45 ml/g/min in sham control nodes, and reduced to 0.50 ± 0.24 ml/g/min in cancer-cell injected nodes. This summarizes the significant difference (p = 0.0002) between cancer-free and cancer-bearing nodes in normalized flow. This process of normalized flow imaging could be used as an in situ tool to detect metastatic involvement in nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha V DSouza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA ;
| | | | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Richard J Barth
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA ; Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA ; Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover NH 03755, USA ;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee ES, Kim TS, Kim SK. Current status of optical imaging for evaluating lymph nodes and lymphatic system. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:21-31. [PMID: 25598672 PMCID: PMC4296273 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging techniques use visual and near infrared rays. Despite their considerably poor penetration depth, they are widely used due to their safe and intuitive properties and potential for intraoperative usage. Optical imaging techniques have been actively investigated for clinical imaging of lymph nodes and lymphatic system. This article summarizes a variety of optical tracers and techniques used for lymph node and lymphatic imaging, and reviews their clinical applications. Emerging new optical imaging techniques and their potential are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Microscopic lymph node tumor burden quantified by macroscopic dual-tracer molecular imaging. Nat Med 2014; 20:1348-53. [PMID: 25344739 PMCID: PMC4224611 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node biopsy (LNB) is employed in many cancer surgeries to identify metastatic disease and stage the cancer, yet morbidity and diagnostic delays associated with LNB could be avoided if non-invasive imaging of nodal involvement was reliable. Molecular imaging has potential in this regard; however, variable delivery and nonspecific uptake of imaging tracers has made conventional approaches ineffective clinically. A method of correcting for non-specific uptake with injection of a second untargeted tracer is presented, allowing tumor burden in lymph nodes to be quantified. The approach was confirmed in an athymic mouse model of metastatic human breast cancer targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, a cell surface receptor overexpressed by many cancers. A significant correlation was observed between in vivo (dual-tracer) and ex vivo measures of tumor burden (r = 0.97, p < 0.01), with an ultimate sensitivity of approximately 200 cells (potentially more sensitive than conventional LNB).
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Molecular imaging non-invasively visualizes and characterizes the biologic functions and mechanisms in living organisms at a molecular level. In recent years, advances in imaging instruments, imaging probes, assay methods, and quantification techniques have enabled more refined and reliable images for more accurate diagnoses. Multimodal imaging combines two or more imaging modalities into one system to produce details in clinical diagnostic imaging that are more precise than conventional imaging. Multimodal imaging offers complementary advantages: high spatial resolution, soft tissue contrast, and biological information on the molecular level with high sensitivity. However, combining all modalities into a single imaging probe involves problems yet to be solved due to the requirement of high dose contrast agents for a component of imaging modality with low sensitivity. The introduction of targeting moieties into the probes enhances the specific binding of targeted multimodal imaging modalities and selective accumulation of the imaging agents at a disease site to provide more accurate diagnoses. An extensive list of prior reports on the targeted multimodal imaging probes categorized by each modality is presented and discussed. In addition to accurate diagnosis, targeted multimodal imaging agents carrying therapeutic medications make it possible to visualize the theranostic effect and the progress of disease. This will facilitate the development of an imaging-guided therapy, which will widen the application of the targeted multimodal imaging field to experiments in vivo.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang RE, Zhang Y, Tian L, Cai W, Cai J. Antibody-based imaging of HER-2: moving into the clinic. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1523-37. [PMID: 24206138 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) mediates a number of important cellular activities, and is up-regulated in a diverse set of cancer cell lines, especially breast cancer. Accordingly, HER-2 has been regarded as a common drug target in cancer therapy. Antibodies can serve as ideal candidates for targeted tumor imaging and drug delivery, due to their inherent affinity and specificity. Advanced by the development of a wide variety of imaging techniques, antibody-based imaging of HER-2 can allow for early detection and localization of tumors, as well as monitoring of drug delivery and tissue's response to drug treatment. In this review article, antibody-based imaging of HER-2 are summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on the involved imaging methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bimodal imaging probes for combined PET and OI: recent developments and future directions for hybrid agent development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:153741. [PMID: 24822177 PMCID: PMC4009187 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging—and especially positron emission tomography (PET)—has gained increasing importance for diagnosis of various diseases and thus experiences an increasing dissemination. Therefore, there is also a growing demand for highly affine PET tracers specifically accumulating and visualizing target structures in the human body. Beyond the development of agents suitable for PET alone, recent tendencies aim at the synthesis of bimodal imaging probes applicable in PET as well as optical imaging (OI), as this combination of modalities can provide clinical advantages. PET, due to the high tissue penetration of the γ-radiation emitted by PET nuclides, allows a quantitative imaging able to identify and visualize tumors and metastases in the whole body. OI on the contrary visualizes photons exhibiting only a limited tissue penetration but enables the identification of tumor margins and infected lymph nodes during surgery without bearing a radiation burden for the surgeon. Thus, there is an emerging interest in bimodal agents for PET and OI in order to exploit the potential of both imaging techniques for the imaging and treatment of tumor diseases. This short review summarizes the available hybrid probes developed for dual PET and OI and discusses future directions for hybrid agent development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Murtaza G, Gao K, Liu T, Tariq I, Sajjad A, Akram MR, Niu M, Liu G, Mehmood Z, Tian G. Current and future lymphatic imaging modalities for tumor staging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:714674. [PMID: 24757671 PMCID: PMC3976799 DOI: 10.1155/2014/714674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is supported by the lymphatic system which should be scanned efficiently for tumor staging as well as the enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Poor resolution and low sensitivity is a limitation of traditional lymphatic imaging modalities; thus new noninvasive approaches like nanocarriers, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, and quantum dots are advantageous. Some newer modalities, which are under development, and their potential uses will also be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Kuo Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tiegang Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Imran Tariq
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ashif Sajjad
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | | | - Meiying Niu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guokai Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zahid Mehmood
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meric-Bernstam F, Rasmussen JC, Krishnamurthy S, Tan IC, Zhu B, Wagner JL, Babiera GV, Mittendorf EA, Sevick-Muraca EM. Toward nodal staging of axillary lymph node basins through intradermal administration of fluorescent imaging agents. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 5:183-96. [PMID: 24466486 PMCID: PMC3891331 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As part of a proof-of-concept study for future delivery of targeted near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) tracers, we sought to assess the delivery of micrograms of indocyanine green to all the axillary lymph nodes following intraparenchymal breast injections and intradermal arm injections in 20 subjects with advanced breast carcinoma and undergoing complete axillary lymph node dissection. Lymphatic vessels and nodes were assessed in vivo. Ex vivo images demonstrated that 87% of excised lymph nodes, including 81% of tumor-positive lymph nodes, were fluorescent. Future clinical studies using microdose amounts of tumor-targeting NIRF contrast agents may demonstrate improved surgical intervention with reduced morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - John C. Rasmussen
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - I-Chih Tan
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Banghe Zhu
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jamie L. Wagner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Gildy V. Babiera
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adams A, van Brussel ASA, Vermeulen JF, Mali WPTM, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Elias SG. The potential of hypoxia markers as target for breast molecular imaging--a systematic review and meta-analysis of human marker expression. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:538. [PMID: 24206539 PMCID: PMC3903452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular imaging of breast cancer is a promising emerging technology, potentially able to improve clinical care. Valid imaging targets for molecular imaging tracer development are membrane-bound hypoxia-related proteins, expressed when tumor growth outpaces neo-angiogenesis. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of such hypoxia marker expression rates in human breast cancer to evaluate their potential as clinically relevant molecular imaging targets. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles describing membrane-bound proteins that are related to hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), the key regulator of the hypoxia response. We extracted expression rates of carbonic anhydrase-IX (CAIX), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4 (CXCR4), or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in human breast disease, evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We pooled study results using random-effects models and applied meta-regression to identify associations with clinicopathological variables. Results Of 1,705 identified articles, 117 matched our selection criteria, totaling 30,216 immunohistochemistry results. We found substantial between-study variability in expression rates. Invasive cancer showed pooled expression rates of 35% for CAIX (95% confidence interval (CI): 26-46%), 51% for GLUT1 (CI: 40-61%), 46% for CXCR4 (CI: 33-59%), and 46% for IGF1R (CI: 35-70%). Expression rates increased with tumor grade for GLUT1, CAIX, and CXCR4 (all p < 0.001), but decreased for IGF1R (p < 0.001). GLUT1 showed the highest expression rate in grade III cancers with 58% (45-69%). CXCR4 showed the highest expression rate in small T1 tumors with 48% (CI: 28-69%), but associations with size were only significant for CAIX (p < 0.001; positive association) and IGF1R (p = 0.047; negative association). Although based on few studies, CAIX, GLUT1, and CXCR4 showed profound lower expression rates in normal breast tissue and benign breast disease (p < 0.001), and high rates in carcinoma in situ. Invasive lobular carcinoma consistently showed lower expression rates (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results support the potential of hypoxia-related markers as breast cancer molecular imaging targets. Although specificity is promising, combining targets would be necessary for optimal sensitivity. These data could help guide the choice of imaging targets for tracer development depending on the envisioned clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Adams
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Zhao YM, Akers W, Tang ZY, Fan J, Sun HC, Ye QH, Wang L, Achilefu S. First in-human intraoperative imaging of HCC using the fluorescence goggle system and transarterial delivery of near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent: a pilot study. Transl Res 2013; 162:324-331. [PMID: 23747795 PMCID: PMC3805674 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resections remain the primary curative interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, lack of real-time intraoperative image guidance confines surgeons to subjective visual assessment of the surgical bed, leading to poor visualization of small positive nodules and the extension of diffuse HCC. To address this problem, we developed a wearable fluorescence imaging and display system (fluorescence goggle) for intraoperative imaging of HCCs in human patients. In this pilot study, both intravenous (IV) and transarterial hepatic (TAH) delivery of indocyanine green (ICG) were explored to facilitate fluorescence goggle-mediated HCC imaging. The results show that all primary tumors in patients (n = 4) who received TAH delivery of ICG were identified successfully by the fluorescence goggle. In addition, 6 satellite tumors were also detected by the goggle, 5 of which were neither identifiable via preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) nor by visual inspection and palpation. In the group (n = 5) that received ICG intravenously, only 2 of 6 tumors visible by preoperative MRI or CT were identified with the fluorescence goggle, demonstrating the limitation of this delivery route for a non-tumor-selective imaging agent. Comparative analysis shows that the HCC-to-liver florescence contrast detected by the goggle was significantly greater in patients that received TAH than IV delivery of ICG (P = 0.013). This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using the fluorescence goggle to identify multifocal lesions and small tumor deposits using TAH ICG delivery in HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R., China
| | - Walter Akers
- Department of Radiology Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R., China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R., China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R., China
| | - Qing-Hai Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R., China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R., China
- Corresponding authors Contact Information: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Samuel Achilefu () OR Lu Wang ()
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Corresponding authors Contact Information: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Samuel Achilefu () OR Lu Wang ()
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grootendorst DJ, Steenbergen W, Manohar S, Ruers TJM. Optical techniques for the intraoperative assessment of nodal status. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1741-55. [PMID: 24156334 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is an important pathway in the metastatic spread of many malignancies and a key prognostic indicator. Nondestructive assessment of the nodal status during surgery could limit the amount of lymph nodes that need to be resected and allow for immediate regional lymphadenectomy during sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures. This review looks into the possibilities of conventional medical imaging methods that are capable of intraoperative nodal assessment and discusses multiple newly developed optical techniques. The physical background behind these techniques is reviewed and a concise overview of their main advantages and disadvantages is provided. These recent innovations show that while the application of optical modalities for intraoperative nodal staging is not yet applied routinely, there is reason enough to expect their introduction in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diederik J Grootendorst
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, Science & Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bradbury MS, Phillips E, Montero PH, Cheal SM, Stambuk H, Durack JC, Sofocleous CT, Meester RJC, Wiesner U, Patel S. Clinically-translated silica nanoparticles as dual-modality cancer-targeted probes for image-guided surgery and interventions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:74-86. [PMID: 23138852 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma are essential to minimizing morbidity and mortality. The presence of lymph node metastases is a vital prognostic predictor, and accurate identification by imaging has important implications for disease staging, prognosis, and clinical outcome. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping procedures are limited by a lack of intraoperative visualization tools that can aid accurate determination of disease spread and delineate nodes from adjacent critical neural and vascular structures. Newer methods for circumventing these issues can exploit a variety of imaging tools, including biocompatible particle-based platforms coupled with portable device technologies for use with image-guided surgical and interventional procedures. We describe herein a clinically-translated, integrin-targeting platform for use with both PET and optical imaging that meets a number of key design criteria for improving SLN tissue localization and retention, target-to-background ratios, and clearance from the site of injection and the body. The use of such agents for selectively probing critical cancer targets may elucidate important insights into cellular and molecular processes that govern metastatic disease spread. Coupled with portable, real-time optical camera systems, we show that pre-operative PET imaging findings for mapping metastatic disease in clinically-relevant larger-animal models can be readily translated into the intraoperative setting for direct visualization of the draining tumor lymphatics and fluorescent SLN/s with histologic correlation. The specificity of this platform, relative to the standard-of-care radiotracer, (18)F-FDG, for potentially discriminating metastatic disease from inflammatory processes is also discussed in the setting of surgically-based or interventionally-driven therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Ave., Z-2001, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iglesias P, Fraga M, Costoya JA. Defining hypoxic microenvironments by non-invasive functional optical imaging. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
John R, Adie SG, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Tangella KV, Boppart SA. Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy of lymph nodes and assessment of metastatic disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20:3685-93. [PMID: 22688663 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous techniques have been developed for localizing lymph nodes before surgical resection and for their histological assessment. Nondestructive high-resolution transcapsule optical imaging of lymph nodes offers the potential for in situ assessment of metastatic involvement, potentially during surgical procedures. METHODS Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3-D OCT) was used for imaging and assessing resected popliteal lymph nodes from a preclinical rat metastatic tumor model over a 9-day time-course study after tumor induction. The spectral-domain OCT system utilized a center wavelength of 800 nm, provided axial and transverse resolutions of 3 and 12 μm, respectively, and performed imaging at 10,000 axial scans per second. RESULTS OCT is capable of providing high-resolution label-free images of intact lymph node microstructure based on intrinsic optical scattering properties with penetration depths of ~1-2 mm. The results demonstrate that OCT is capable of differentiating normal, reactive, and metastatic lymph nodes based on microstructural changes. The optical scattering and structural changes revealed by OCT from day 3 to day 9 after the injection of tumor cells into the lymphatic system correlate with inflammatory and immunological changes observed in the capsule, precortical regions, follicles, and germination centers found during histopathology. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time a longitudinal study of 3-D transcapsule OCT imaging of intact lymph nodes demonstrating microstructural changes during metastatic infiltration. These results demonstrate the potential of OCT as a technique for intraoperative, real-time in situ 3-D optical biopsy of lymph nodes for the intraoperative staging of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu John
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Azhdarinia A, Ghosh P, Ghosh S, Wilganowski N, Sevick-Muraca EM. Dual-labeling strategies for nuclear and fluorescence molecular imaging: a review and analysis. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:261-76. [PMID: 22160875 PMCID: PMC3346941 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is used for the detection of biochemical processes through the development of target-specific contrast agents. Separately, modalities such as nuclear and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging have been shown to non-invasively monitor disease. More recently, merging of these modalities has shown promise owing to their comparable detection sensitivity and benefited from the development of dual-labeled imaging agents. Dual-labeled agents hold promise for whole-body and intraoperative imaging and could bridge the gap between surgical planning and image-guided resection with a single, molecularly targeted agent. In this review, we summarized the literature for dual-labeled antibodies and peptides that have been developed and have highlighted key considerations for incorporating NIRF dyes into nuclear labeling strategies. We also summarized our findings on several commercially available NIRF dyes and offer perspectives for developing a toolkit to select the optimal NIRF dye and radiometal combination for multimodality imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azhdarinia
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solomon M, White BR, Nothdruft RE, Akers W, Sudlow G, Eggebrecht AT, Achilefu S, Culver JP. Video-rate fluorescence diffuse optical tomography for in vivo sentinel lymph node imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:3267-3277. [PMID: 22162817 PMCID: PMC3233246 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a fiber-based, video-rate fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for noninvasive in vivo sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. Concurrent acquisition of fluorescence and reference signals allowed the efficient generation of ratio-metric data for 3D image reconstruction. Accurate depth localization and high sensitivity to fluorescent targets were established in to depths of >10 mm. In vivo accumulation of indocyanine green (ICG) dye was imaged in the region of the SLN following intradermal injection into the forepaw of rats. These results suggest that video-rate fluorescence DOT has significant potential as a clinical tool for noninvasive mapping of SLN.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cohen R, Stammes MA, de Roos IH, Stigter-van Walsum M, Visser GW, van Dongen GA. Inert coupling of IRDye800CW to monoclonal antibodies for clinical optical imaging of tumor targets. EJNMMI Res 2011; 1:31. [PMID: 22214225 PMCID: PMC3250998 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-1-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photoimmunodetection, in which monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] are labeled with fluorescent dyes, might have clinical potential for early detection and characterization of cancer. For this purpose, the dye should be coupled in an inert way to mAb. In this study, different equivalents of IRDye800CW, a near-infrared fluorescent dye, were coupled to 89Zr-labeled cetuximab and bevacizumab, and conjugates were evaluated in biodistribution studies. Radiolabeled mAbs were used to allow accurate quantification for assessment of the number of dye groups that can be coupled to mAbs without affecting their biological properties. Methods 89Zr-cetuximab and 89Zr-bevacizumab, containing 0.5 89Zr-desferal group per mAb molecule, were incubated with 1 to 10 eq IRDye800CW at pH 8.5 for 2 h at 35°C, and 89Zr-mAb-IRDye800CW conjugates were purified by a PD10 column using 0.9% NaCl as eluent. HPLC analysis at 780 nm was used to assess conjugation efficiency. In vitro stability measurements were performed in storage buffer (0.9% NaCl or PBS) at 4°C and 37°C and human serum at 37°C. 89Zr-mAb-IRDye800CW conjugates and 89Zr-mAb conjugates (as reference) were administered to nude mice bearing A431 (cetuximab) or FaDu (bevacizumab) xenografts, and biodistribution was assessed at 24 to 72 h after injection. Results Conjugation efficiency of IRDye800CW to 89Zr-mAbs was approximately 50%; on an average, 0.5 to 5 eq IRDye800CW was conjugated. All conjugates showed optimal immunoreactivity and were > 95% stable in storage buffer at 4°C and 37°C and human serum at 37°C for at least 96 h. In biodistribution studies with 89Zr-cetuximab-IRDye800CW, enhanced blood clearance with concomitant decreased tumor uptake and increased liver uptake was observed at 24 to 72 h post-injection when 2 or more eq of dye had been coupled to mAb. No significant alteration of biodistribution was observed 24 to 48 h after injection when 1 eq of dye had been coupled. 89Zr-bevacizumab-IRDye800CW showed a similar tendency, with an impaired biodistribution when 2 eq of dye had been coupled to mAb. Conclusion Usage of 89Zr-mAbs allows accurate quantification of the biodistribution of mAbs labeled with different equivalents of IRDye800CW. Alteration of biodistribution was observed when more than 1 eq of IRDye800CW was coupled to mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, P,O, Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Imaging of the interaction of cancer cells and the lymphatic system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:886-9. [PMID: 21718727 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the lymphatic system and its interaction with cancer cells is crucial to our ability to fight cancer metastasis. Efforts to study the lymphatic system had previously been limited by the inability to visualize the lymphatic system in vivo in real time. Fluorescence imaging can address these limitations and allow for visualization of lymphatic delivery and trafficking of cancer cells and potentially therapeutic agents as well. Here, we review recent articles in which antibody-fluorophore conjugates are used to label the lymphatic network and fluorescent proteins to label cancer cells in the evaluation of lymphatic delivery and imaging.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xie H, Liu H, Svenmarker P, Axelsson J, Xu CT, Gräfe S, Lundeman JH, Cheng HPH, Svanberg S, Bendsoe N, Andersen PE, Svanberg K, Andersson-Engels S. Drug quantification in turbid media by fluorescence imaging combined with light-absorption correction using white Monte Carlo simulations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:066002. [PMID: 21721803 DOI: 10.1117/1.3585675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of photosensitizers is in many cases a critical issue in photodynamic therapy. As a noninvasive and sensitive tool, fluorescence imaging has attracted particular interest for quantification in pre-clinical research. However, due to the absorption of excitation and emission light by turbid media, such as biological tissue, the detected fluorescence signal does not have a simple and unique dependence on the fluorophore concentration for different tissues, but depends in a complex way on other parameters as well. For this reason, little has been done on drug quantification in vivo by the fluorescence imaging technique. In this paper we present a novel approach to compensate for the light absorption in homogeneous turbid media both for the excitation and emission light, utilizing time-resolved fluorescence white Monte Carlo simulations combined with the Beer-Lambert law. This method shows that the corrected fluorescence intensity is almost proportional to the absolute fluorophore concentration. The results on controllable tissue phantoms and murine tissues are presented and show good correlations between the evaluated fluorescence intensities after the light-absorption correction and absolute fluorophore concentrations. These results suggest that the technique potentially provides the means to quantify the fluorophore concentration from fluorescence images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xie
- Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Azhdarinia A, Wilganowski N, Robinson H, Ghosh P, Kwon S, Lazard ZW, Davis AR, Olmsted-Davis E, Sevick-Muraca EM. Characterization of chemical, radiochemical and optical properties of a dual-labeled MMP-9 targeting peptide. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3769-76. [PMID: 21612930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging possesses similar sensitivity to nuclear imaging and has led to the emergence of multimodal approaches with dual-labeled nuclear/near-infrared (NIR) agents. The growing impact of (68)Ga (t(1/2)=68 min) labeled peptides on preclinical and clinical research offers a promising opportunity to merge the high spatial resolution of NIR imaging with the clinically-accepted positron emission tomography (PET). Previously, dual-labeled agents have been prepared with longer-lived radiometals and showed no detrimental effects on optical properties as a result of radiolabeling. In this study, we selected a peptide (M(2)) that targets MMP-2/9 and is dual-labeled with IRDye 800 CW and (68)Ga. Since (68)Ga chelation typically requires low pH (3.5-4) and elevated heating temperatures (95 °C), we sought to evaluate the impact of (68)Ga labeling on the optical properties of M(2). An efficient method for preparation of (68)Ga-M(2) was developed and reaction conditions were optimized. Stability studies in PBS, DTPA, and serum were performed and high levels of intact agent were evident under each condition. The addition of multiple reporters to a targeting agent adds further complexity to the characterization and validation and thus requires not only testing to ensure the agent is stable chemically and radiochemically, but also optically. Therefore, fluorescence properties were evaluated using a spectrofluorometer as well as by fluorescence detection via HPLC. It was determined that (68)Ga-labeling conditions did not impair the fluorescent properties of the agent. The agent was then used for in vivo imaging in a mouse model of heterotopic ossification (HO) with activated MMP-9 expression as an early biomarker which precedes mineralization. Although (68)Ga-complexation greatly reduced binding affinity of the peptide and negated tracer uptake on PET, NIR imaging showed consistent fluorescent signal that correlated to MMP-9 expression. This attests to the feasibility of using (68)Ga/NIR for dual-labeling of other peptides or small molecules for multimodality molecular imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azhdarinia
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aldrich MB, Wang X, Hart A, Sampath L, Marshall MV, Sevick-Muraca EM. Assessment of free dye in solutions of dual-labeled antibody conjugates for in vivo molecular imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:32-42. [PMID: 20458634 PMCID: PMC5312670 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent preclinical and clinical studies show that dyes that excite and fluoresce in the near-infrared range may be used for tracking and detecting disease targets in vivo. A method for quantifying free dye molecules in antibody conjugate preparations is required for agent batch release and for translation into the clinic. PROCEDURES Herein, we developed and validated a SDS-PAGE method to determine the percentage of free IRDye 800 CW in (DTPA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye 800)(m) conjugate sample preparations in which high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assessment of free dye was not possible. RESULTS The SDS-PAGE assay was accurate and valid for free IRDye 800 CW amounts between 38 and 4 mol% of total dye. Gel sample preparation reagent affected the specificity of the assay, and lower and upper limits of quantitation and detection were determined. CONCLUSION This method may be applicable to other near-infrared dye-conjugated antibody-based imaging agents in which HPLC assessment of purity is not feasible. This validated method for quality assurance will facilitate the translation of dual-labeled antibody conjugates for nuclear and optical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B. Aldrich
- Division of Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - XueJuan Wang
- Division of Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy Hart
- Division of Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lakshmi Sampath
- Division of Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Milton V. Marshall
- Division of Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
- Division of Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tasciotti E, Godin B, Martinez JO, Chiappini C, Bhavane R, Liu X, Ferrari M. Near-infrared imaging method for the in vivo assessment of the biodistribution of nanoporous silicon particles. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:56-68. [PMID: 21303615 PMCID: PMC3088648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of new nanoparticle-based technologies for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, understanding the fate of nanoparticles in the body is crucial. We recently developed a multistage vector delivery system comprising biodegradable and biocompatible nanoporous silicon particles (first-stage microparticles [S1MPs]) able to host, protect, and deliver second-stage therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles (S2NPs) on intravenous injection. This delivery system aims at sequentially overcoming the biologic barriers en route to the target delivery site by separating and assigning tasks to the coordinated logic-embedded vectors constituting it. In this work, by conjugating a near-infrared dye on the surface of the S1MP without compromising the porous structure and potential loading of S2NPs, we were able to monitor the in vivo distribution of S1MPs in healthy mice using an optical imaging system. It was observed that particles predominantly accumulated in the liver and spleen at the end of 24 hours. Further quantification of S1MPs in the major organs of the animals by elemental analysis of silicon using inductively coupled plasma-atomic electron spectroscopy verified the accuracy of in vivo near-infrared imaging as a tool for evaluation of nanovector biodistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan O. Martinez
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Rohan Bhavane
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thorp-Greenwood FL, Coogan MP. Multimodal radio- (PET/SPECT) and fluorescence imaging agents based on metallo-radioisotopes: current applications and prospects for development of new agents. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6129-43. [PMID: 21225080 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective focuses on complexes of radioactive metal ions applied in multimodal radio- and optical imaging. The application of metal ions in radioimaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has advantages over lighter nuclei in terms of half-life, but there are particular issues related to their speciation (particularly leaching from complexes) and with the combination of certain ions with fluorescent systems. The basic coordination chemistry of the ions involved and issues relating to biological conditions and their compatibility with optical imaging techniques are reviewed, the current literature presented in context, and the prospect of exploiting the intrinsic luminescence of certain metal-ligand complexes is discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tasciotti E, Godin B, Martinez JO, Chiappini C, Bhavane R, Liu X, Ferrari M. Near-Infrared Imaging Method for the In Vivo Assessment of the Biodistribution of Nanoporous Silicon Particles. Mol Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Tasciotti
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| | - Biana Godin
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| | - Jonathan O. Martinez
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| | - Rohan Bhavane
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| | - Xuewu Liu
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- From the Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Department of
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Smith TAD. Towards detecting the HER-2 receptor and metabolic changes induced by HER-2-targeted therapies using medical imaging. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:638-44. [PMID: 20675463 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/31053812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HER-2/neu (a receptor for human epidermal growth factor) is involved in cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness. It is overexpressed in about 25% of breast cancers. Overexpression of HER-2 is associated with response to the anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab (herceptin). However, HER-2 expression can be heterogeneous within the primary tumour and can also exhibit discordant expression between a primary tumour and its metastases, bringing into question the practice of HER-2 screening to determine whether a patient is a candidate for trastuzumab using material obtained only from the primary tumour. Medical imaging modalities using HER-2-targeted tracers (or contrast agents) facilitate a global approach to the determination of HER-2 expression across all detectable tumour lesions, and could provide a more reliable indication of the patient's likely response to trastuzumab treatment. Here, I review the development and pre-clinical (and occasional clinical) assessment of HER-2-targeted tracers. I discuss studies in which established imaging tracers, such as (11)C-choline, have been used to determine response to trastuzumab in a range of medical imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), MRI and optical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A D Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, Biomedical Physics Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Papagiannaros A, Upponi J, Hartner W, Mongayt D, Levchenko T, Torchilin V. Quantum dot loaded immunomicelles for tumor imaging. BMC Med Imaging 2010; 10:22. [PMID: 20955559 PMCID: PMC2975645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optical imaging is a promising method for the detection of tumors in animals, with speed and minimal invasiveness. We have previously developed a lipid coated quantum dot system that doubles the fluorescence of PEG-grafted quantum dots at half the dose. Here, we describe a tumor-targeted near infrared imaging agent composed of cancer-specific monoclonal anti-nucleosome antibody 2C5, coupled to quantum dot (QD)-containing polymeric micelles, prepared from a polyethylene glycol/phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) conjugate. Its production is simple and involves no special equipment. Its imaging potential is great since the fluorescence intensity in the tumor is twofold that of non-targeted QD-loaded PEG-PE micelles at one hour after injection. Methods Para-nitrophenol-containing (5%) PEG-PE quantum dot micelles were produced by the thin layer method. Following hydration, 2C5 antibody was attached to the PEG-PE micelles and the QD-micelles were purified using dialysis. 4T1 breast tumors were inoculated subcutaneously in the flank of the animals. A lung pseudometastatic B16F10 melanoma model was developed using tail vein injection. The contrast agents were injected via the tail vein and mice were depilated, anesthetized and imaged on a Kodak Image Station. Images were taken at one, two, and four hours and analyzed using a methodology that produces normalized signal-to-noise data. This allowed for the comparison between different subjects and time points. For the pseudometastatic model, lungs were removed and imaged ex vivo at one and twenty four hours. Results The contrast agent signal intensity at the tumor was double that of the passively targeted QD-micelles with equally fast and sharply contrasted images. With the side views of the animals only tumor is visible, while in the dorsal view internal organs including liver and kidney are visible. Ex vivo results demonstrated that the agent detects melanoma nodes in a lung pseudometastatic model after a 24 hours wash-out period, while at one hour, only a uniform signal is detected. Conclusions The targeted agent produces ultrabright tumor images and double the fluorescence intensity, as rapidly and at the same low dose as the passively targeted agents. It represents a development that may potentially serve to enhance early detection for metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristarchos Papagiannaros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 312 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Detection of Cancer Metastases with a Dual-labeled Near-Infrared/Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:307-217. [PMID: 20885893 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED By dual labeling a targeting moiety with both nuclear and optical probes, the ability for noninvasive imaging and intraoperative guidance may be possible. Herein, the ability to detect metastasis in an immunocompetent animal model of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive cancer metastases using positron emission tomography (PET) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is demonstrated. METHODS ((64)Cu-DOTA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)(m) was synthesized, characterized, and administered to female Balb/c mice subcutaneously inoculated with highly metastatic 4T1.2neu/R breast cancer cells. ((64)Cu-DOTA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)(m) (150 µg, 150 µCi, m = 2, n = 2) was administered through the tail vein at weeks 2 and 6 after implantation, and PET/computed tomography and NIR fluorescence imaging were performed 24 hours later. Results were compared with the detection capabilities of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG-PET). RESULTS Primary tumors were visualized with (18)FDG and ((64)Cu-DOTA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)(m), but resulting metastases were identified only with the dual-labeled imaging agent. (64)Cu-PET imaging detected lung metastases, whereas ex vivo NIR fluorescence showed uptake in regions of lung, skin, skeletal muscle, and lymph nodes, which corresponded with the presence of cancer cells as confirmed by histologic hematoxylin and eosin stains. In addition to detecting the agent in lymph nodes, the high signal-to-noise ratio from NIR fluorescence imaging enabled visualization of channels between the primary tumor and the axillary lymph nodes, suggesting a lymphatic route for trafficking cancer cells. Because antibody clearance occurs through the liver, we could not distinguish between nonspecific uptake and liver metastases. CONCLUSION ((64)Cu-DOTA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)(m) may be an effective diagnostic imaging agent for staging HER-2-positive breast cancer patients and intraoperative resection.
Collapse
|
33
|
Thakur M, Melnik D, Barnett H, Daly K, Moran CH, Chang WS, Link S, Bucher CT, Kittrell C, Curl R. Wide-field four-channel fluorescence imager for biological applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:026016. [PMID: 20459261 DOI: 10.1117/1.3374052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A wide-field four-channel fluorescence imager has been developed. The instrument uses four expanded laser beams to image a large section (6 mm x 9 mm). An object can be sequentially illuminated with any combination of 408-, 532-, 658-, and 784-nm lasers for arbitrary (down to 1 ms) exposure times for each laser. Just two notch filters block scattered light from all four lasers. The design approach described here offers great flexibility in treatment of objects, very good sensitivity, and a wide field of view at low cost. There appears to be no commercial instrument capable of simultaneous fluorescence imaging of a wide field of view with four-laser excitation. Some possible applications are following events such as flow and mixing in microchannel systems, the transmission of biological signals across a culture, and following simulations of biological membrane diffusion. It can also be used in DNA sequencing by synthesis to follow the progress of the photolytic removal of dye and terminator. Without utilizing its time resolution, it can be used to obtain four independent images of a single tissue section stained with four targeting agents, with each coupled to a different dye matching one of the lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Thakur
- Rice University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6100 South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iglesias P, Costoya JA. A novel BRET-based genetically encoded biosensor for functional imaging of hypoxia. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3126-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Lee
- From the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- From the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rasmussen JC, Tan IC, Marshall MV, Fife CE, Sevick-Muraca EM. Lymphatic imaging in humans with near-infrared fluorescence. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:74-82. [PMID: 19233639 PMCID: PMC2692490 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While the lymphatic system is increasingly associated with diseases of prevalence, study of these diseases is difficult owing to the paucity of imaging techniques with the sensitivity and temporal resolution to discriminate lymphatic function. Herein, we review the known, pertinent features of the human lymphatic system in health and disease and set the context for a number of emerging studies that use near-infrared fluorescence imaging to non-invasively assess tumor draining lymphatic basins in cancer patients, intraoperatively guide resection of first draining lymph nodes, and to interrogate the difference between normal and aberrant lymphatic structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Rasmussen
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St. SRB 330A, Houston, TX 77030
| | - I-Chih Tan
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St. SRB 330A, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Milton V. Marshall
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St. SRB 330A, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Caroline E. Fife
- Division of Cardiology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Wound Healing and Lymphedema Therapy, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
- Center of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St. SRB 330A, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|