1
|
Ravera F, Efeoglu E, Byrne HJ. Monitoring stem cell differentiation using Raman microspectroscopy: chondrogenic differentiation, towards cartilage formation. Analyst 2021; 146:322-337. [PMID: 33155580 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the only cellular components of cartilage and are therefore ideal candidates for cartilage and tissue repair technologies. Chondrocytes are surrounded by cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network rich in glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and collagen, which, together with a multitude of intracellular signalling molecules, trigger the chondrogenesis and allow the chondroprogenitor to acquire the spherical morphology of the chondrocytes. However, although the mechanisms of the differentiation of MSCs have been extensively explored, it has been difficult to provide a holistic picture of the process, in situ. Raman Micro Spectroscopy (RMS) has been demonstrated to be a powerful analytical tool, which provides detailed label free biochemical fingerprint information in a non-invasive way, for analysis of cells, tissues and body fluids. In this work, RMS is explored to monitor the process of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation into chondrocytes in vitro, providing a holistic molecular picture of cellular events governing the differentiation. Spectral signatures of the subcellular compartments, nucleolus, nucleus and cytoplasm were initially probed and characteristic molecular changes between differentiated and undifferentiated were identified. Moreover, high density cell micromasses were cultured over a period of three weeks, and a systematic monitoring of cellular molecular components and the progress of the ECM formation, associated with the chondrogenic differentiation, was performed. This study shows the potential applicability of RMS as a powerful tool to monitor and better understand the differentiation pathways and process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ravera
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, TU Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vibrational Spectroscopy for In Vitro Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235554. [PMID: 33256146 PMCID: PMC7729886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, selected aspects of the process, and/or cannot visualise the process at the subcellular level. Additionally, many current analytical techniques involve the disruption of the investigation process (tissue sectioning, immunostaining) and cannot monitor the cellular differentiation process in situ, in real-time. Vibrational spectroscopy, as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique, appears to be a promising candidate to potentially overcome many of these limitations as it can provide detailed biochemical fingerprint information for analysis of cells, tissues, and body fluids. The technique has been widely used in disease diagnosis and increasingly in stem cell technology. In this work, the efforts regarding the use of vibrational spectroscopy to identify mechanisms of stem cell differentiation at a single cell and tissue level are summarised. Both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopic investigations are explored, and the relative merits, and future perspectives of the techniques are discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sulé-Suso J, Forsyth N, Untereiner V, Sockalingum G. Vibrational spectroscopy in stem cell characterisation: is there a niche? Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:254-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Cao J, Ng ES, McNaughton D, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Tobin MJ, Heraud P. The characterisation of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17453-76. [PMID: 24065090 PMCID: PMC3794735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy shows potential as a benign, objective and rapid tool to screen pluripotent and multipotent stem cells for clinical use. It offers a new experimental approach that provides a holistic measurement of macromolecular composition such that a signature representing the internal cellular phenotype is obtained. The use of this technique therefore contributes information that is complementary to that acquired by conventional genetic and immunohistochemical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (E.S.N.); (E.G.S.); (A.G.E.)
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and the School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (E.S.N.); (E.G.S.); (A.G.E.)
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, the Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Donald McNaughton
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and the School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (E.S.N.); (E.G.S.); (A.G.E.)
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, the Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (E.S.N.); (E.G.S.); (A.G.E.)
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, the Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mark J. Tobin
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Philip Heraud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (E.S.N.); (E.G.S.); (A.G.E.)
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and the School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-3-9905-0765; Fax: +61-3-9905-5613
| |
Collapse
|