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Li H, Li J, Wei D. Conversion and selection of Laguerre-Gaussian modes via a variable aperture in a geometric-phase-plate-assisted optical resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2672-2675. [PMID: 37186737 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We numerically analyze the conversion and selection of intracavity modes in a two-mirror optical resonator, which is assisted by a geometric phase plate (GPP) and a circular aperture, along with its output performance of high-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. Based on the iterative Fox-Li method and the analysis of modal decomposition, transmission losses, and spot sizes, we find that various self-consistent two-faced resonator modes could be formed by fixing the GPP but changing the size of aperture. Such a feature not only enriches transverse-mode structures inside the optical resonator, but also provides a flexible way to directly output high-purity LG modes for high-capacity optical communication, high-precision interferometers, high-dimensional quantum correlation, etc.
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2
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Ghithan JH, Noel JM, Roussel TJ, McCall MA, Alphenaar BW, Mendes SB. Photobleaching reduction in modulated super-resolution microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:278-288. [PMID: 33064828 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Important breakthroughs in far-field imaging techniques have been made since the first demonstrations of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. To date, the most straightforward and widespread deployment of STED microscopy has used continuous wave (CW) laser beams for both the excitation and depletion of fluorescence emission. A major drawback of the CW STED imaging technique has been photobleaching effects due to the high optical power needed in the depletion beam to reach sub-diffraction resolution. To overcome this hurdle, we have applied a synchronous detection approach based on modulating the excitation laser beam, while keeping the depletion beam at CW operation, and frequency filtering the collected signal with a lock-in amplifier to record solely the super-resolved fluorescence emission. We demonstrate here that such approach allows an important reduction in the optical power of both laser beams that leads to measurable decreases in photobleaching effects in STED microscopy. We report super-resolution images with relatively low powers for both the excitation and depletion beams. In addition, typical unwanted scattering effects and background signal generated from the depletion beam, which invariably arises from mismatches in refractive index in the material composing the sample, are largely reduced by using the modulated STED approach. The capability of acquiring super-resolution images with relatively low power is quite relevant for studying a variety of samples, but particularly important for biological species as exemplified in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar H Ghithan
- University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 215 Eastern Pkwy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
| | - Jennifer M Noel
- University of Louisville, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, 511 South Floyd, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
| | - Thomas J Roussel
- University of Louisville, Department of Bioengineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
| | - Maureen A McCall
- University of Louisville, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
| | - Bruce W Alphenaar
- University of Louisville, Department of Electrical Engineering, J. B. Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
| | - Sergio B Mendes
- University of Louisville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 215 Eastern Pkwy, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292
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3
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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4
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Xu Y, Xu R, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Shen Q, Ji W, Dang D, Meng L, Tang BZ. Recent advances in luminescent materials for super-resolution imaging via stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:667-690. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress on STED fluorophores for super-resolution imaging and also their characteristics are outlined here, thus providing some guidelines to select proper probes and even develop new materials for super-resolution imaging via STED nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Ruohan Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yu Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis Center
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Qifei Shen
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
- P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Dang
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
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5
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Qin X, Xu J, Wu Y, Liu X. Energy-Transfer Editing in Lanthanide-Activated Upconversion Nanocrystals: A Toolbox for Emerging Applications. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:29-42. [PMID: 30693323 PMCID: PMC6346627 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nanoscale synthetic techniques provide a versatile platform for programmable control over the size, morphology, and composition of nanocrystals doped with lanthanide ions. Characteristic upconversion luminescence features originating from the 4f-4f optical transitions of lanthanides can be achieved through predesigned energy transfer pathways, enabling wide applications ranging from ultrasensitive biological detection to advanced spectroscopic instrumentation with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent scientific and technological discoveries that have prompted the realization of these peculiar functions of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals and discuss the mechanistic studies of energy transfer involved in upconversion processes. These advanced schemes include cross relaxation-mediated depletion, multipulse sequential pumping, and nanostructural configuration design. Our emphasis is placed on disruptive technologies such as super-resolution microscopy, optogenetics, nanolasing, and optical anticounterfeiting, which take full advantage of the upconversion nanophenomena in relation to lanthanide-doped nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Center
for Functional Materials, NUS Suzhou Research
Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.
R. China
- E-mail:
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Molines AT, Marion J, Chabout S, Besse L, Dompierre JP, Mouille G, Coquelle FM. EB1 contributes to microtubule bundling and organization, along with root growth, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.030510. [PMID: 29945874 PMCID: PMC6124560 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are involved in plant development and adaptation to their environment, but the sustaining molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Microtubule-end-binding 1 (EB1) proteins participate in directional root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, a connection to the underlying microtubule array has not been established yet. We show here that EB1 proteins contribute to the organization of cortical microtubules in growing epidermal plant cells, without significant modulation of microtubule dynamics. Using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and an original quantification approach, we also demonstrate a significant reduction of apparent microtubule bundling in cytoplasmic-EB1-deficient plants, suggesting a function for EB1 in the interaction between adjacent microtubules. Furthermore, we observed root growth defects in EB1-deficient plants, which are not related to cell division impairment. Altogether, our results support a role for EB1 proteins in root development, in part by maintaining the organization of cortical microtubules. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: EB1 proteins affect cortical-microtubule bundling and organization in Arabidopsis thaliana, without significant modulation of microtubule dynamics. They also participate in root growth, further linking microtubules to plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Molines
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jessica Marion
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Salem Chabout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA - AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Besse
- Light Microscopy Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jim P Dompierre
- Light Microscopy Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA - AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric M Coquelle
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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7
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wei F, Duan Y. Optical Imaging Paves the Way for Autophagy Research. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1181-1193. [PMID: 28916049 PMCID: PMC7114199 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation process in eukaryotic cells that recycles cellular components for nutrition supply under environmental stress and plays a double-edged role in development of major human diseases. Noninvasive optical imaging enables us to clearly visualize various classes of structures involved in autophagy at macroscopic and microscopic dynamic levels. In this review, we discuss important trends of emerging optical imaging technologies used to explore autophagy and provide insights into the mechanistic investigation and structural study of autophagy in mammalian cells. Some exciting new prospects and future research directions regarding optical imaging techniques in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Fujing Wei
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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8
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Measuring synaptic vesicles using cellular electrochemistry and nanoscale molecular imaging. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Blom
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Dept Applied Physics, SciLifeLab, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Dept Applied Physics, Albanova Univ Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Fumoto S, Nishida K. Methods for Evaluating the Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:642-648. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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11
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Wang S, Chen X, Chang L, Xue R, Duan H, Sun Y. GMars-Q Enables Long-Term Live-Cell Parallelized Reversible Saturable Optical Fluorescence Transitions Nanoscopy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9136-9144. [PMID: 27541837 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) has promoted reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) nanoscopy as a general scheme for live-cell super-resolution imaging. However, continuous, long-term live-cell RESOLFT nanoscopy is still hindered mainly because of the unsatisfactory properties of existing RSFPs. In this work, we report GMars-Q, a monomeric RSFP with low residual off-state fluorescence and strong fatigue resistance attributed to a biphasic photobleaching process. We further demonstrate that GMars-Q is particularly suitable for long-term parallelized RESOLFT nanoscopy as it supports an order of magnitude longer imaging durations than existing RSFPs. The excellent photophysical properties of GMars-Q also suggest that it would be of general interest for other RESOLFT nanoscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuanze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruiying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Neupane B, Jin T, Mellor LF, Loboa EG, Ligler FS, Wang G. Continuous-Wave Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscope for Imaging Actin Cytoskeleton in Fixed and Live Cells. SENSORS 2015; 15:24178-90. [PMID: 26393614 PMCID: PMC4610488 DOI: 10.3390/s150924178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy provides a new opportunity to study fine sub-cellular structures and highly dynamic cellular processes, which are challenging to observe using conventional optical microscopy. Using actin as an example, we explored the feasibility of using a continuous wave (CW)-STED microscope to study the fine structure and dynamics in fixed and live cells. Actin plays an important role in cellular processes, whose functioning involves dynamic formation and reorganization of fine structures of actin filaments. Frequently used confocal fluorescence and STED microscopy dyes were employed to image fixed PC-12 cells (dyed with phalloidin- fluorescein isothiocyante) and live rat chondrosarcoma cells (RCS) transfected with actin-green fluorescent protein (GFP). Compared to conventional confocal fluorescence microscopy, CW-STED microscopy shows improved spatial resolution in both fixed and live cells. We were able to monitor cell morphology changes continuously; however, the number of repetitive analyses were limited primarily by the dyes used in these experiments and could be improved with the use of dyes less susceptible to photobleaching. In conclusion, CW-STED may disclose new information for biological systems with a proper characteristic length scale. The challenges of using CW-STED microscopy to study cell structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Neupane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Liliana F Mellor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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14
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Tam J, Merino D. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) in comparison with stimulated emission depletion (STED) and other imaging methods. J Neurochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Tam
- National Eye Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - David Merino
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques; Mediterranean Technology Park; Castelledefels Barcelona Spain
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