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Feddersen TV, Poot DHJ, Paulides MM, Salim G, van Rhoon GC, Hernandez-Tamames JA. Multi-echo gradient echo pulse sequences: which is best for PRFS MR thermometry guided hyperthermia? Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2184399. [PMID: 36907223 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2184399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MR thermometry (MRT) enables noninvasive temperature monitoring during hyperthermia treatments. MRT is already clinically applied for hyperthermia treatments in the abdomen and extremities, and devices for the head are under development. In order to optimally exploit MRT in all anatomical regions, the best sequence setup and post-processing must be selected, and the accuracy needs to be demonstrated. METHODS MRT performance of the traditionally used double-echo gradient-echo sequence (DE-GRE, 2 echoes, 2D) was compared to multi-echo sequences: a 2D fast gradient-echo (ME-FGRE, 11 echoes) and a 3D fast gradient-echo sequence (3D-ME-FGRE, 11 echoes). The different methods were assessed on a 1.5 T MR scanner (GE Healthcare) using a phantom cooling down from 59 °C to 34 °C and unheated brains of 10 volunteers. In-plane motion of volunteers was compensated by rigid body image registration. For the ME sequences, the off-resonance frequency was calculated using a multi-peak fitting tool. To correct for B0 drift, the internal body fat was selected automatically using water/fat density maps. RESULTS The accuracy of the best performing 3D-ME-FGRE sequence was 0.20 °C in phantom (in the clinical temperature range) and 0.75 °C in volunteers, compared to DE-GRE values of 0.37 °C and 1.96 °C, respectively. CONCLUSION For hyperthermia applications, where accuracy is more important than resolution or scan-time, the 3D-ME-FGRE sequence is deemed the most promising candidate. Beyond its convincing MRT performance, the ME nature enables automatic selection of internal body fat for B0 drift correction, an important feature for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V Feddersen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margarethus M Paulides
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Electromagnetics for Care & Cure Research Lab, Center for Care and Cure Technologies Eindhoven (C3Te), Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghassan Salim
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C van Rhoon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Juan A Hernandez-Tamames
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Imaging Physics, Applied Physics Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhong X, Cao Y, Zhou P. Thermochromic Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms for Thermal Ablation Based on Polyacrylamide Gel. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1361-1372. [PMID: 35623921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, thermal ablation has played an increasingly important role in treating various tumors in the clinic. A practical thermochromic phantom model can provide a favorable platform for clinical thermotherapy training of young physicians or calibration and optimization of thermal devices without risk to animals or human participants. To date, many tissue-mimicking thermal phantoms have been developed and are well liked, especially the polyacrylamide gel (PAG)-based phantoms. This review summarizes the PAG-based phantoms in the field of thermotherapy, details their advantages and disadvantages and provides a direction for further optimization. The relevant physical parameters (such as electrical, acoustic, and thermal properties) of these phantoms are also presented in this review, which can assist operators in a deeper understanding of these phantoms and selection of the proper recipes for phantom fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging & Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Woletz M, Roat S, Hummer A, Tik M, Windischberger C. Technical Note: Human tissue-equivalent MRI phantom preparation for 3 and 7 Tesla. Med Phys 2021; 48:4387-4394. [PMID: 34018625 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE While test objects (phantoms) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial for sequence development, protocol validation, and quality control, studies on the preparation of phantoms have been scarce, particularly at fields exceeding 3 Tesla. Here, we present a framework for the preparation of phantoms with well-defined T1 and T2 times at 3 and 7 Tesla. METHODS Phantoms with varying concentrations of agarose and Gd-DTPA were prepared and measured at 3 and 7 Tesla using T1 and T2 mapping techniques. An empirical, polynomial model was constructed that best represents the data at both field strengths, enabling the preparation of new phantoms with specified combinations of both T1 and T2 . Instructions for three different tissue types (brain gray matter, brain white matter, and renal cortex) are presented and validated. RESULTS T1 times in the samples ranged from 698 to 2820 ms and from 695 to 2906 ms, whereas T2 times ranged from 39 to 227 ms and from 34 to 235 ms for 3 and 7 Tesla scans, respectively. Models for both relaxation times used six parameters to represent the data with an adjusted R² of 0.998 and 0.997 for T1 and T2 , respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the equations derived from the current study, it is now possible to obtain accurate weight specifications for a test object with desired T1 and T2 relaxation times. This will spare researchers the laborious task of trail-and-error approaches in test object preparation attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Woletz
- High-field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sigrun Roat
- High-field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Allan Hummer
- High-field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Tik
- High-field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- High-field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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4
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Wereszczyńska B, Szcześniak K. MRI phantom for tissue simulation with respect to diffusion coefficient and kurtosis - Validation with injection of liposomal theranostics. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 82:18-23. [PMID: 34147600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents gelatine-based and agar-based phantoms with an addition of glycerol, safflower oil, silicone oil and cellulose microcrystalline with a potential to cover the entire range of tissue diffusion coefficients and kurtosis values. Forty types of phantoms were prepared and examined for NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 and diffusional metrics D, K and ADC. Wide ranges of values of D (0.0003-0.0031 mm2s-1), K (0.00-7.24) and ADC (0.0002-0.0031 mm2s-1) were observed. Two of the phantoms closely mimic muscle and cortical gray matter with respect to water diffusion parameters. Although many of the presented phantoms display both D and K values within the range of human tissues, they match different tissues with respect to D and K. The imaging results for the gray matter simulating phantom injected with the liposomal solution, bear a resemblance to the particle size effect described in the literature. The phantoms presented in this work are simple in preparation and affordable tissue-simulating materials to be used primarily in development of diffusion kurtosis-based MRI methods and possibly in a preliminary assessment of MRI contrast agents. Further adjustments of the chemical compositions could potentially lead to development of new types of phantoms mimicking diffusional properties of more kinds of soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wereszczyńska
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - K Szcześniak
- Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Kim MJ, Lee SR, Song KH, Baek HM, Choe BY, Suh TS. Development of a hybrid magnetic resonance/computed tomography-compatible phantom for magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:314-324. [PMID: 32030420 PMCID: PMC7246062 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop a hybrid magnetic resonance/computed tomography (MR/CT)-compatible phantom and tissue-equivalent materials for each MR and CT image. Therefore, the essential requirements necessary for the development of a hybrid MR/CT-compatible phantom were determined and the development process is described. A total of 12 different tissue-equivalent materials for each MR and CT image were developed from chemical components. The uniformity of each sample was calculated. The developed phantom was designed to use 14 plugs that contained various tissue-equivalent materials. Measurement using the developed phantom was performed using a 3.0-T scanner with 32 channels and a Somatom Sensation 64. The maximum percentage difference of the signal intensity (SI) value on MR images after adding K2CO3 was 3.31%. Additionally, the uniformity of each tissue was evaluated by calculating the percent image uniformity (%PIU) of the MR image, which was 82.18 ±1.87% with 83% acceptance, and the average circular-shaped regions of interest (ROIs) on CT images for all samples were within ±5 Hounsfield units (HU). Also, dosimetric evaluation was performed. The percentage differences of each tissue-equivalent sample for average dose ranged from -0.76 to 0.21%. A hybrid MR/CT-compatible phantom for MR and CT was investigated as the first trial in this field of radiation oncology and medical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Joo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Seu-Ran Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Song
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
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Wood S, Martins T, Ibrahim TS. How to design and construct a 3D-printed human head phantom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:119-125. [PMID: 31929893 DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we will provide a methodology for head phantom development based on in vivo imaging data attained utilizing MRI. The anthropomorphic phantom can be designed to mimic human anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sossena Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 346 Hamerschlag Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3815, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tiago Martins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tamer S Ibrahim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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Yamashiro A, Kobayashi M, Saito T. Cerebrospinal fluid T1 value phantom reproduction at scan room temperature. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:166-175. [PMID: 31179645 PMCID: PMC6612700 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The T1 value of pure water, which is often used as a phantom to simulate cerebrospinal fluid, is significantly different from that of in-vivo cerebrospinal fluid. The purpose of this study was to develop a phantom with a T1 value equivalent to that of in-vivo cerebrospinal fluid under examination room temperature (23°C-25°C). In this study, 1.5 and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanners were used. We examined the signal intensity change in relation to pure water temperature, the T1 values of acetone-diluted solutions (0-100 v/v%, in 10 steps), and the correlation coefficients obtained from volunteers and the prepared phantoms. The T1 value was close to the value reported in the literature for cerebrospinal fluid when the acetone-diluted solution was 70 v/v% or higher at scan room temperature. The value at that time was 3532.81-4704.57 ms at 1.5 T and it ranged from 4052.41 to 5701.61 ms at 3.0 T. The highest correlation with the values obtained from the volunteers was r = 0.993 with pure acetone at 1.5 T and r = 0.991 with acetone 90 v/v% at 3.0 T. The relative error of the best phantom-volunteer match was 32.61 (%) ± 6.71 at 1.5 T and 46.67 (%) ± 4.31 at 3.0 T. The T1 value measured by the null point method did not detect a significant difference between in vivo CSF and acetone 100 v/v% at 1.5 T and acetone 90 v/v% at 3.0 T. The T1 value of cerebrospinal fluid in the living body at scan room temperature was reproduced with acetone. The optimum concentration of acetone for cerebrospinal-fluid reproduction was pure acetone at 1.5 T and 90 v/v% at 3.0 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashiro
- Department of Radiology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano-City, Nagano-ken, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, Shinano Town Shin-Etsu Hospital, Kamiminochi-gun, Nagano-ken, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saito
- Department of Radiology, Iiyama Red Cross Hospital, Iiyama-City, Nagano-ken, Japan
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8
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Brzozowski P, Penev KI, Martinez FM, Scholl TJ, Mequanint K. Gellan gum-based gels with tunable relaxation properties for MRI phantoms. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 57:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Ianniello C, de Zwart JA, Duan Q, Deniz CM, Alon L, Lee JS, Lattanzi R, Brown R. Synthesized tissue-equivalent dielectric phantoms using salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions. Magn Reson Med 2017; 80:413-419. [PMID: 29159985 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for simulated materials with tissue-equivalent dielectric properties. METHODS PVP and salt were used to control, respectively, relative permittivity and electrical conductivity in a collection of 63 samples with a range of solute concentrations. Their dielectric properties were measured with a commercial probe and fitted to a 3D polynomial in order to establish an empirical recipe. The material's thermal properties and MR spectra were measured. RESULTS The empirical polynomial recipe (available at https://www.amri.ninds.nih.gov/cgi-bin/phantomrecipe) provides the PVP and salt concentrations required for dielectric materials with permittivity and electrical conductivity values between approximately 45 and 78, and 0.1 to 2 siemens per meter, respectively, from 50 MHz to 4.5 GHz. The second- (solute concentrations) and seventh- (frequency) order polynomial recipe provided less than 2.5% relative error between the measured and target properties. PVP side peaks in the spectra were minor and unaffected by temperature changes. CONCLUSION PVP-based phantoms are easy to prepare and nontoxic, and their semitransparency makes air bubbles easy to identify. The polymer can be used to create simulated material with a range of dielectric properties, negligible spectral side peaks, and long T2 relaxation time, which are favorable in many MR applications. Magn Reson Med 80:413-419, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ianniello
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Duan
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cem M Deniz
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leeor Alon
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jae-Seung Lee
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Lattanzi
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Wood S, Krishnamurthy N, Santini T, Raval S, Farhat N, Holmes JA, Ibrahim TS. Design and fabrication of a realistic anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom for MR purposes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183168. [PMID: 28806768 PMCID: PMC5555696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to design an anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom that can be used for MRI and other electromagnetic applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS An eight compartment, physical anthropomorphic head phantom was developed from a 3T MRI dataset of a healthy male. The designed phantom was successfully built and preliminarily evaluated through an application that involves electromagnetic-tissue interactions: MRI (due to it being an available resource). The developed phantom was filled with media possessing electromagnetic constitutive parameters that correspond to biological tissues at ~297 MHz. A preliminary comparison between an in-vivo human volunteer (based on whom the anthropomorphic head phantom was created) and various phantoms types, one being the anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom, were performed using a 7 Tesla human MRI scanner. RESULTS Echo planar imaging was performed and minimal ghosting and fluctuations were observed using the proposed anthropomorphic phantom. The magnetic field distributions (during MRI experiments at 7 Tesla) and the scattering parameter (measured using a network analyzer) were most comparable between the anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom and an in-vivo human volunteer. CONCLUSION The developed anthropomorphic heterogeneous head phantom can be used as a resource to various researchers in applications that involve electromagnetic-biological tissue interactions such as MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sossena Wood
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Narayanan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tales Santini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shailesh Raval
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nadim Farhat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Andy Holmes
- Swanson Center for Product Innovation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tamer S. Ibrahim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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11
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Liu Y, Hopkins CC, Handler WB, Chronik BA, de Bruyn JR. Rheology and heat transport properties of a hydroxyethyl cellulose-based MRI tissue phantom. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa7a41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Neumann W, Lietzmann F, Schad LR, Zöllner FG. Design of a multimodal ( 1H/ 23Na MR/CT) anthropomorphic thorax phantom. Z Med Phys 2016; 27:124-131. [PMID: 27596568 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work proposes a modular, anthropomorphic MR and CT thorax phantom that enables the comparison of experimental studies for quantitative evaluation of deformable, multimodal image registration algorithms and realistic multi-nuclear MR imaging techniques. METHODS A human thorax phantom was developed with insertable modules representing lung, liver, ribs and additional tracking spheres. The quality of human tissue mimicking characteristics was evaluated for 1H and 23Na MR as well as CT imaging. The position of landmarks in the lung lobes was tracked during CT image acquisition at several positions during breathing cycles. 1H MR measurements of the liver were repeated after seven months to determine long term stability. RESULTS The modules possess HU, T1 and T2 values comparable to human tissues (lung module: -756±148HU, artificial ribs: 218±56HU (low CaCO3 concentration) and 339±121 (high CaCO3 concentration), liver module: T1=790±28ms, T2=65±1ms). Motion analysis showed that the landmarks in the lung lobes follow a 3D trajectory similar to human breathing motion. The tracking spheres are well detectable in both CT and MRI. The parameters of the tracking spheres can be adjusted in the following ranges to result in a distinct signal: HU values from 150 to 900HU, T1 relaxation time from 550ms to 2000ms, T2 relaxation time from 40ms to 200ms. CONCLUSION The presented anthropomorphic multimodal thorax phantom fulfills the demands of a simple, inexpensive system with interchangeable components. In future, the modular design allows for complementing the present set up with additional modules focusing on specific research targets such as perfusion studies, 23Na MR quantification experiments and an increasing level of complexity for motion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Neumann
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Florian Lietzmann
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Mazzoli V, Nederveen AJ, Oudeman J, Sprengers A, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ, Verdonschot N. Water and fat separation in real-time MRI of joint movement with phase-sensitive bSSFP. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:58-68. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mazzoli
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Research Lab; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oudeman
- Department of Radiology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andre Sprengers
- Orthopaedic Research Lab; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Orthopaedic Research Lab; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
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14
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Coolen BF, Poot DH, Liem MI, Smits LP, Gao S, Kotek G, Klein S, Nederveen AJ. Three‐dimensional quantitative T
1
and T
2
mapping of the carotid artery: Sequence design and in vivo feasibility. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1008-17. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram F. Coolen
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Dirk H.J. Poot
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Depts. of Radiology and Medical InformaticsErasmus Medical CenterRotterdam the Netherlands
- Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging PhysicsDelft University of TechnologyDelft The Netherlands
| | - Madieke I. Liem
- Department of NeurologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Loek P. Smits
- Department of Vascular MedicineAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image ProcessingLeiden University Medical CenterLeiden The Netherlands
| | - Gyula Kotek
- Department of RadiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Klein
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Depts. of Radiology and Medical InformaticsErasmus Medical CenterRotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of RadiologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdam the Netherlands
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15
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Song KH, Kim SY, Lee DW, Jung JY, Lee JH, Baek HM, Choe BY. Design of a fused phantom for quantitative evaluation of brain metabolites and enhanced quality assurance testing for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 255:75-84. [PMID: 26277420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI-MRS) is a useful tool for the identification and evaluation of chemical changes in anatomical regions. Quality assurance (QA) is performed in either images or spectra using QA phantom. Therefore, consistent and uniform technical MRI-MRS QA is crucial. NEW METHOD Here we developed an MRI-MRS fused phantom along with the inserts for metabolite quantification to simultaneously optimize QA parameters for both MRI and MRS. T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained and MRS was performed with point-resolved spectroscopy. RESULTS Using the fused phantom, the results of measuring MRI factors were: geometric distortion, <2% and ± 2 mm; image intensity uniformity, 83.09 ± 1.33%; percent-signal ghosting, 0.025 ± 0.004; low-contrast object detectability, 27.85 ± 0.80. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate was consistently high (42.00 ± 5.66). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In previous studies, MR phantoms could not obtain information from both images and spectra in the MR scanner simultaneously. Here we designed and developed a phantom for accurate and consistent QA within the acceptance range. It is important to take into account variations in the QA value using the MRI-MRS phantom, when comparing to other clinical or research MR scanners. CONCLUSIONS The MRI-MRS QA factors obtained simultaneously using the phantom can facilitate evaluation of both images and spectra, and provide guidelines for obtaining MRI and MRS QA factors simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ho Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Wong AKO, Merali Z, Adachi JD. Development of a Skeletal Muscle Mimic Phantom Compatible with QCT and MR Imaging. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2015; 46:174-181. [PMID: 31052091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a skeletal muscle mimic phantom compatible with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic resonance imaging, yielding physiologically appropriate values. METHODS Agar-based phantoms contained varying concentrations of CuCl2 and EDTA to adjust T2 relaxation time and phantom density concurrently. T2 relaxation times were quantified using a 4-mm single-slice fast spin echo sequence repeated for six serial echo times at 937-μm resolution. T2 relaxation maps were generated using the Levenberg-Marquardt equation. A peripheral QCT scanner measured linear attenuation coefficients of phantoms, which were converted to density (mg/cm3) values. Five 2.3 ± 0.5 mm thick slices were acquired at 15 mm/s scan speed and 500-μm resolution. Logarithmic or linear regression models were fitted to EDTA or CuCl2 versus density and T2 relaxation data. RESULTS Density (D) was linearly dependent on CuCl2 (D = 0.27 [CuCl2] + 63.92, R2 = 0.84, P = 0.01) and invariant to EDTA. T2 relaxation time was related negatively to CuCl2 (T2 = -10.13 ln [CuCl2] + 66.70, R2 = 0.91, P < .01) and positively to EDTA (T2 = 5.72 ln [EDTA] + 54.47, R2 = 0.86, P < .01). Reproducibility within and between phantoms of the same compositions was acceptable (<5% error). Long-term stability was achieved for density but poorer for T2 relaxation time. CONCLUSIONS This phantom optimization method provides a means for altering a soft tissue phantom suited for calibrating magnetic resonance imaging and QCT signals within values representative of muscle. Phantoms can be used during scans for calibrating magnetic resonance signals between and within individuals over time and can cross-calibrate different scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Kin On Wong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Osteoporosis Program, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zamir Merali
- University Of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Adachi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Duan Q, Duyn JH, Gudino N, de Zwart JA, van Gelderen P, Sodickson DK, Brown R. Characterization of a dielectric phantom for high-field magnetic resonance imaging applications. Med Phys 2014; 41:102303. [PMID: 25281973 PMCID: PMC4281072 DOI: 10.1118/1.4895823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this work, a generic recipe for an inexpensive and nontoxic phantom was developed within a range of biologically relevant dielectric properties from 150 MHz to 4.5 GHz. METHODS The recipe includes deionized water as the solvent, NaCl to primarily control conductivity, sucrose to primarily control permittivity, agar-agar to gel the solution and reduce heat diffusivity, and benzoic acid to preserve the gel. Two hundred and seventeen samples were prepared to cover the feasible range of NaCl and sucrose concentrations. Their dielectric properties were measured using a commercial dielectric probe and were fitted to a 3D polynomial to generate a recipe describing the properties as a function of NaCl concentration, sucrose concentration, and frequency. RESULTS Results indicated that the intuitive linear and independent relationships between NaCl and conductivity and between sucrose and permittivity are not valid. A generic polynomial recipe was developed to characterize the complex relationship between the solutes and the resulting dielectric values and has been made publicly available as a web application. In representative mixtures developed to mimic brain and muscle tissue, less than 2% difference was observed between the predicted and measured conductivity and permittivity values. CONCLUSIONS It is expected that the recipe will be useful for generating dielectric phantoms for general magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil development at high magnetic field strength, including coil safety evaluation as well as pulse sequence evaluation (including B₁(+) mapping, B₁(+) shimming, and selective excitation pulse design), and other non-MRI applications which require biologically equivalent dielectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Duan
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Natalia Gudino
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel K Sodickson
- The Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ryan Brown
- The Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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18
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Hattori K, Ikemoto Y, Takao W, Ohno S, Harimoto T, Kanazawa S, Oita M, Shibuya K, Kuroda M, Kato H. Development of MRI phantom equivalent to human tissues for 3.0-T MRI. Med Phys 2013; 40:032303. [PMID: 23464335 DOI: 10.1118/1.4790023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A 3.0-T MRI phantom (called the CAGN-3.0T phantom) having human-equivalent relaxation times and human-equivalent conductivity was developed. METHODS The ingredients of the phantom are carrageenan (as a gelatinizer), agarose (as a T2-relaxation modifier), GdCl3 (as a T1-relaxation modifier), NaCl (as a conductivity modifier), and NaN3 (as an antiseptic). Numerous samples with varying concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl were prepared, and T1 and T2 values were measured using 3.0-T MRI. RESULTS The T1 values of the CAGN-3.0T phantom were unaffected by NaCl, while the T2 values were only slightly affected. Based on the measured data, empirical formulae were devised to express the relationships between the concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl and the relaxation times. The formula for expressing the conductivity of the CAGN-3.0T phantom was obtained. CONCLUSIONS By adjustments to the concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl, the relaxation times and conductivity of almost all types of human tissues can be simulated by CAGN-3.0T phantoms. The phantoms have T1 values of 395-2601 ms, T2 values of 29-334 ms, and conductivity of 0.27-1.26 S/m when concentrations of agarose, GdCl3, and NaCl are varied from 0 to 2.0 w/w%, 0 to 180 μmol/kg, and 0 to 0.7 w/w%, respectively. The CAGN-3.0T phantom has sufficient strength to replicate the torso without using reinforcing agents, and can be cut with a knife into any shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hattori
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0011, Japan
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