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Kong PW, Tang Y, Lam WK. Biomechanics of step-off drop landings are affected by limb dominance and lead limb in task initiation. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:1147-1156. [PMID: 39087569 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2386211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of limb dominance and lead limb in task initiation on the kinetics and kinematics of step-off drop landings. Nineteen male participants performed drop landings led by the dominant and non-dominant limbs at 45-cm and 60-cm drop heights. Ground reaction force (GRF) and lower body kinematic data were collected. Between-limb time differences at the initial ground contact were calculated to indicate temporal asymmetry. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was applied for waveform analysis while two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for discrete parameters. SPM results revealed greater GRF and lesser ankle dorsiflexion in the lead limb compared to the trail limb in 3 out of 4 landing conditions. The dominant limb displayed a greater forefoot loading rate (45 cm: p=.009, ηp2 = 0.438; 60 cm: p=.035, ηp2 = 0.225) and greater ankle joint quasi-stiffness (45 cm: p < .001, ηp2 = 0.360; 60 cm: p < .001, ηp2 = 0.597) than the non-dominant limb. Not all 380 trials were lead-limb first landings, with a smaller between-limb time difference (p=.009, d = 0.60) at 60 cm (4.1 ± 2.3 ms) than 45 cm (5.6 ± 2.7 ms). In conclusion, the step-off drop landing is not an ideal protocol for examining bilateral asymmetry in lower limb biomechanics due to potential biases introduced by limb dominance and the step-off limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Wah Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yunqi Tang
- College of Art and Design, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Sports Information and External Affairs Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institutes, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Espada MC, Jardim M, Assunção R, Estaca A, Ferreira CC, Pessôa Filho DM, Verardi CEL, Gamonales JM, Santos FJ. Lower Limb Unilateral and Bilateral Strength Asymmetry in High-Level Male Senior and Professional Football Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111579. [PMID: 37297719 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to assess the relationship between different jumping asymmetries and associated performance variables in high-level male senior and professional football players. Nineteen football players with at least 12 years of training experience (23.2 ± 3.1 years of age; 75.2 ± 4.8 kg of body mass and 181 ± 0.06 cm of height) participated in this study performing countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), single-leg CMJ and drop jump (DJ), associated performance variable eccentric utilization ratio (EUR), stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), bilateral deficit (BLD), and limb symmetry index (LSI) were determined. High correlations were observed between different methodologies of jump tests and associated performance indicators (SSC, BLD, EUR), except LSI. Moreover, CMJ and SJ results were different (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between interlimb in CMJ (p = 0.19) and DJ (p = 0.14). Between the same limbs and different jumps differences were detected in CMJ and DJ (p < 0.01), and it has also been found that the laterality effect size on strength was small in CMJ (ES = 0.30) and DJ (ES = 0.35). LSI between CMJ and DJ was not different despite higher mean values in CMJ, and although mean BLD was positive (>100%), the results highlight the need for individual evaluation since eight players scored negatively. An in-depth and accurate analysis of performance in preseason screening jump tests should be considered, aiming to detect injury risk, specifically evaluating different jumping test methodologies, and determining jumping associated performance variables for each test, namely EUR, SSC, BLD, and LSI. Specific muscle-strengthening exercises could be implemented based on this study results and outcomes, aiming to reduce injury risks and lower extremity asymmetries and to enhance individual football performance in high-level male senior and professional football players. Sports institutions should pay special attention regarding potential health problems in athletes exposed to daily high training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário C Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Jardim
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, 2914-503 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Rafael Assunção
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, 2914-503 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Estaca
- Casa Pia Atlético Clube, Estádio Pina Manique, Parque de Monsanto, 1500-462 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia C Ferreira
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Verardi
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
- Graduate Programme in Developmental Psychology and Learning, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - José M Gamonales
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J Santos
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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González-Ramírez A, Torres C, Magallanes C, Fábrica CG. Bilateral index, power, force, and velocity during bench press with different loads in male handball players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1130914. [PMID: 37035666 PMCID: PMC10077126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1130914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral index for upper limbs was determined for maximal force, speed and power in 18 male handball players. Variables were individually assessed with a functional electromechanical dynamometer during unilateral and bilateral bench press push-off for 40%, 60%, and 75% of the maximal isometric force. Limb dominance (symmetry indices) and load effects in the bilateral index were analysed. Bilateral index showed a bilateral deficit for power (range = -8.50 to -41.48) and velocity (range = -11.15 to -38.41), that increases with the load (p < 0.05). For maximum force, a bilateral facilitation (range = 2.26-5.57), which did not vary significantly as a function of load, was observed. Symmetry indices showed no association with the bilateral index (40% load: r = 0.45, 60% load: r = 0.05, 75% load: r = 0.39). These results contribute to understanding the phenomenon; however, individual-to-individual observation reflects that caution should be kept when assessing an individual athlete. In conclusion, bilateral deficit or facilitation for bench press depends on the variable considered, whereas its magnitude depends on the load. Moreover, limb dominance does not affect it. This finding must be regarded as a general trend, but a different situation may occur during the assessment of a particular athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés González-Ramírez
- Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Andrés González-Ramírez,
| | - Carol Torres
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Magallanes
- Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Gabriel Fábrica
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Buoite Stella A, Galimi A, Martini M, Di Lenarda L, Murena L, Deodato M. Muscle Asymmetries in the Lower Limbs of Male Soccer Players: Preliminary Findings on the Association between Countermovement Jump and Tensiomyography. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:177. [PMID: 36422945 PMCID: PMC9694285 DOI: 10.3390/sports10110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strength and power asymmetries have been observed in different sports, including soccer. Such asymmetries, as well as the bilateral deficit (BLD), can be assessed during different tasks, static or dynamic, and with different methods and devices, in order to detect the possible different aspects, as well as the association with physical performance and injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between muscle asymmetries and BLD during a countermovement jump (CMJ), and tensiomyography (TMG) parameters and asymmetries, in the lower limbs of male soccer players. A total of 23 male soccer players (18 ± 4 years) were recruited. Bilateral and unilateral CMJs were performed, and peak power (W) and height (cm) were obtained. TMG was performed on different muscles of the lower limbs, and lateral and functional symmetries were obtained. Playing position and history of injuries were collected. CMJ inter-limb symmetry was found to significantly correlate with biceps femoris (r = 0.574, p = 0.004) and soleus (r = 0.437, p = 0.037) lateral symmetry. Players in central roles presented significantly worse functional symmetry scores of the knee than defense players (-17.5%, 95% CI -31.2--3.9; p = 0.10). Participants reporting a history of injury at the ankle were characterized by significantly lower functional symmetry in both the dominant (43%, 39.5-48.0 vs. 74.5%, 46.5-89.3, p = 0.019) and non-dominant (45%, 42.5-46.0 vs. 81.0%, 45.8-90.3, p = 0.024) ankle. Findings from this preliminary study suggest an association between lower-limb muscle asymmetries during a dynamic task, such as jumping, and muscle contractile properties evaluated with TMG; moreover, functional asymmetries may be present after ankle injuries. Future studies in larger samples should evaluate the presence of such asymmetries as predictors or characteristics of different muscular and joint injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Buoite Stella
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Clinical, Integrative and Translational Physiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Galimi
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Di Lenarda
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Cattinara Hospital-ASUGI, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Murena
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Cattinara Hospital-ASUGI, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Deodato
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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Bishop C, Perez-Higueras Rubio M, Gullon IL, Maloney S, Balsalobre-Fernandez C. Jump and Change of Direction Speed Asymmetry Using Smartphone Apps: Between-Session Consistency and Associations With Physical Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:927-934. [PMID: 32149875 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bishop, C, Perez-Higueras Rubio, M, Gullon, IL, Maloney, S, and Balsalobre-Fernandez, C. Jump and change of direction speed asymmetry using smartphone apps: between-session consistency and associations with physical performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 927-934, 2022-The aims of this study were to (a) quantify the magnitude and direction of asymmetry from jump and change of direction speed (CODS) tests and (b) determine the relationship between these asymmetries and jump and CODS performance, in a test-retest design. Thirty Spanish national-level youth basketball athletes performed single leg countermovement jumps (SLCMJs), single leg drop jumps (SLDJs), and 505 CODS tests, all assessed using the My Jump 2 and CODTimer smartphone applications. All tests showed good to excellent reliability, with no significant differences identified between test sessions in jump, CODS, or asymmetry data. The direction of asymmetry showed substantial levels of agreement between test sessions for jump height during the SLDJ (Kappa = 0.72), but only fair levels of agreement for reactive strength during the SLDJ (Kappa = 0.25), fair levels of agreement for jump height during the SLCMJ (Kappa = 0.29), and slight levels of agreement for total time during the 505 test (Kappa = 0.18). Jump height asymmetry from the SLDJ was significantly associated with reduced jump height (ρ = -0.44), reactive strength (ρ = -0.46) and 505 times (ρ = 0.45-0.48) in test session 1, and reactive strength (ρ = -0.42) and 505 times (ρ = 0.40) in test session 2. These data show that jump height asymmetry from the SLDJ was associated with reduced jump and CODS performance in youth basketball athletes during repeated test sessions. In addition, the same asymmetry metric was the only one to show substantial levels of agreement between test sessions. Owing to the consistency of these data, SLDJ height asymmetry may be a useful metric to measure when monitoring interlimb asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University at Allianz Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Perez-Higueras Rubio
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | - Igor Lopez Gullon
- Torrelodonnes Sports Group, Plaza de Jose Maria Unceta, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean Maloney
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University at Allianz Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Balsalobre-Fernandez
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; and
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6
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Sortwell A, Ramirez-Campillo R. Test–retest reliability of drop jumps in students aged seven and eight: exploratory investigation. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Pleša J, Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. Bilateral Deficit in Countermovement Jump and Its Influence on Linear Sprinting, Jumping, and Change of Direction Ability in Volleyball Players. Front Physiol 2022; 13:768906. [PMID: 35185609 PMCID: PMC8847223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.768906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between bilateral deficit (BLD) in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and change of direction (CoD) performance, CoD deficit, linear sprint, and approach jumping task. The participants (47 young volleyball players; age: 20.8 ± 3.8 years) performed bilateral and single-leg CMJs, modified T-test, 505 CoD test, 25-m sprints (with 5, 10, and 15 splits), and vertical approach jumps. The CoD deficit was also calculated from the 505 test and 10 m split time. BLD was calculated from CMJ jump height, peak power, and phase-specific force impulses (FIs). Several small to moderate statistically significant correlations (r = 0.42–0.49) were found between BLD and 505 times (7 correlations), sprint times (4 correlations), CoD deficit (1 correlation), and approach jump (1 correlation). T-test performance was not correlated with BLD variables (r = −0.15–0.22). The direction of the correlations indicated that the larger BLD is associated with superior performance, with the exception of 1 correlation for 505 times for the left leg and 1 for CoD deficit for the left leg. However, these two variables showed unacceptable reliability. Our results suggest that BLD could be useful in making decisions about the amount inclusion of unilateral training for volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Pleša
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
- Human Health Department, InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Nejc Šarabon,
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Bishop C, Berney J, Lake J, Loturco I, Blagrove R, Turner A, Read P. Bilateral Deficit During Jumping Tasks: Relationship With Speed and Change of Direction Speed Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1833-1840. [PMID: 30741876 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bishop, C, Berney, J, Lake, J, Loturco, I, Blagrove, R, Turner, A, and Read, P. Bilateral deficit during jumping tasks: relationship with speed and change of direction speed performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1833-1840, 2021-Research to date has investigated the phenomenon of the bilateral deficit (BLD); however, limited research exists on its association with measures of athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnitude of the BLD and examine its relationship with linear speed and change of direction speed (CODS) performance. Eighteen physically active and healthy university students performed double- and single-leg countermovement jumps (CMJs), drop jumps (DJs), and standing broad jumps (SBJs) to calculate the BLD across jump tasks. Subjects also performed 10- and 30-m sprints and a 505 CODS test, which were correlated with all BLD metrics. Results showed varying levels of BLD across CMJ metrics (jump height, peak force, eccentric impulse, concentric impulse, and peak power), DJ metrics (ground contact time and flight time), and the SBJ (distance). However, a bilateral facilitation was shown for jump height and reactive strength index during the DJ test. The main findings of this study were that: (a) a larger BLD in CMJ height related to a faster 505 COD (left leg) (r = -0.48; p = 0.04), 505 COD (right leg) (r = -0.53; p = 0.02), and COD deficit (right leg) (r = -0.59; p = 0.01), (b) a larger BLD in CMJ concentric impulse related to faster 505 COD (left leg) (r = -0.51; p = 0.03), 505 COD (right leg) (r = -0.64, p = 0.01), and COD deficit (right leg) (r = -0.60; p = 0.01), and (c) a larger BLD in DJ flight time related to a faster 505 COD (left leg) (r = -0.48; p = 0.04). These results suggest that a larger BLD is associated with faster CODS performance, but not linear speed. This highlights the individual nature of the BLD and may support the notion of developing movement competency on one limb for enhanced CODS performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, Allianz Park, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Berney
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, Allianz Park, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Lake
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard Blagrove
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom ; and
| | - Anthony Turner
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, Allianz Park, Greenlands Lane, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Stern D, Gonzalo-Skok O, Loturco I, Turner A, Bishop C. A Comparison of Bilateral vs. Unilateral-Biased Strength and Power Training Interventions on Measures of Physical Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2105-2111. [PMID: 32541618 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stern, D, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Loturco, I, Turner, A, and Bishop, C. A comparison of bilateral vs. unilateral-biased strength and power training interventions on measures of physical performance in elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2105-2111, 2020-The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral-biased strength and power training programs on measures of physical performance in male youth soccer players. Twenty-three elite youth players (age: 17.6 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned to either a unilateral (n = 11) or a bilateral (n = 12) group, who completed a strength and power intervention, twice per week for 6 weeks. The unilateral group completed rear foot elevated split squats (RFESS), single-leg countermovement jumps (SLCMJs), single-leg drop jumps (SLDJs), and single-leg broad jumps (SLBJs). The bilateral group intervention performed back squats, CMJs, drop jumps (DJ), and broad jumps (BJ). A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance showed no between-group differences. However, within-group differences were evident. The bilateral training group showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in back squat strength (d = 1.27; %Δ = 26.01), RFESS strength (d = 1.64; %Δ = 23.34), BJ (d = 0.76; %Δ = 5.12), 10-m (d = -1.17; %Δ = 4.29), and 30-m (d = -0.88; %Δ = 2.10) performance. The unilateral group showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in RFESS strength (d = 1.40; %Δ = 33.29), SLCMJ on the left leg (d = 0.76; %Δ = 9.84), SLBJ on the left leg (d = 0.97; %Δ = 6.50), 10 m (d = -1.50; %Δ = 5.20), and 505 on the right leg (d = -0.78; %Δ = 2.80). Standardized mean differences showed that bilateral training favored improvements in back squat strength and unilateral training favored improvements in RFESS strength, SLDJ on the right leg and 505 on the right leg. These results show that although both training interventions demonstrated trivial-to-large improvements in physical performance, the notion of training specificity was evident with unilateral training showing greater improvements in unilateral test measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Stern
- Millwall Football Club Academy, Calmont Road, Bromley, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irineu Loturco
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Anthony Turner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Lim YY, Sterzing T, Teo CJY, Alonzo R, Pan JW, Teng PSP, Kong PW. Between-limb asymmetry in kinetic and temporal characteristics during bilateral plyometric drop jumps from different heights. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1605-1614. [PMID: 32286154 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1752535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the between-limb asymmetry in kinetic and temporal characteristics during bilateral plyometric drop jumps from different heights. Seventeen male basketball players performed drop jumps from 3 heights on two platforms in randomized orders. Vertical ground reaction force data were analysed with respect to the lead limb (i.e. the limb stepping off the raised platform first) and trail limb. Peak forces and loading rates of each limb were calculated. The absolute time differential between the two limbs at initial ground contact and takeoff were determined. The frequency of symmetrical landing and taking off with "both limbs together" were counted using 3 time windows. Results showed that the lead limb displayed higher peak forces and loading rates than the trail limb across all heights (p <.05). As drop height increased, the absolute time differentials decreased at initial ground contact (p <.001) but increased at takeoff (p =.035). The greater the preset time window, the more landings and takeoffs were classified as bilaterally symmetrical. In conclusion, higher drop heights allowed subjects to become more bilaterally symmetrical in the timing of landing but this reduction in temporal asymmetry did not accompany with any reduction in kinetic asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Y Lim
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Sterzing
- Sports Science and Engineering Laboratory, Xtep (China) Co Ltd , Xiamen, China
| | - Crosby J Y Teo
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Alonzo
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing W Pan
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phillis S P Teng
- Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pui W Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Infantolino BW, Forrester SE, Pain MTG, Challis JH. The influence of model parameters on model validation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:997-1008. [PMID: 31107114 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1614173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the sensitivity of two musculoskeletal models to the parameters describing each model. Two different models were examined: a phenomenological model of human jumping with parameters based on live subject data, and the second a model of the First Dorsal Interosseous with parameters based on cadaveric measurements. Both models were sensitive to the model parameters, with the use of mean group data not producing model outputs reflective of either the performance of any group member or the mean group performance. These results highlight the value of subject specific model parameters, and the problems associated with model validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Infantolino
- a Division of Science , Pennsylvania State University , Berks Campus , USA.,b Biomechanics Laboratory , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , USA
| | | | - Matthew T G Pain
- d School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - John H Challis
- b Biomechanics Laboratory , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , USA
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Bishop C, Turner A, Jarvis P, Chavda S, Read P. Considerations for Selecting Field-Based Strength and Power Fitness Tests to Measure Asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 2018. [PMID: 28644195 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bishop, C, Turner, A, Jarvis, P, Chavda, S, and Read, P. Considerations for selecting field-based strength and power fitness tests to measure asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2635-2644, 2017-The prevalence of lower limb asymmetries has been reported in numerous studies; however, methodological differences exist in the way they can be detected. Strength and jumping-based tasks have been most commonly used to examine these differences across both athlete and nonathlete populations. The aim of this review was to critically analyze the utility of strength and jumping tests that are frequently used to measure asymmetry. Reliability, validity, and considerations for assessment are examined to enhance test accuracy and effectiveness in the quantification of asymmetries during strength and jumping-based tasks. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus databases were used with specific search terms to identify relevant articles in both athlete and nonathlete populations. The findings of the current review indicate that assessing interlimb differences during strength and jumping-based tasks may result in different levels of asymmetry; thus, interlimb differences seem to be task-dependent. Consequently, quantification during both types of assessment is warranted, and a selection of tests has been suggested to measure asymmetries in both strength and jumping-based tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bishop
- 1School of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom; 2School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London, United Kingdom; and 3Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Dobbs IJ, Watkins CM, Barillas SR, Wong MA, Brown LE. Assessing knee strength ratios and bilateral deficit via dynamic vs. static tests in amateur rugby union players. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-171171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bilateral deficit in maximal force production. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2057-2084. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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