1
|
Kerep R, Šeba T, Borko V, Weitner T, Keser T, Lauc G, Gabričević M. Potential Clinically Relevant Effects of Sialylation on Human Serum AAG-Drug Interactions Assessed by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry: Insight into Pharmacoglycomics? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8472. [PMID: 37239819 PMCID: PMC10218007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein is an acute-phase plasma protein involved in the binding and transport of many drugs, especially basic and lipophilic substances. It has been reported that the sialic acid groups that terminate the N-glycan chains of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein change in response to certain health conditions and may have a major impact on drug binding to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. The interaction between native or desialylated alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and four representative drugs-clindamycin, diltiazem, lidocaine, and warfarin-was quantitatively evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry. The calorimetry assay used here is a convenient and widely used approach to directly measure the amount of heat released or absorbed during the association processes of biomolecules in solution and to quantitatively estimate the thermodynamics of the interaction. The results showed that the binding of drugs with alpha-1 acid glycoprotein were enthalpy-driven exothermic interactions, and the binding affinity was in the range of 10-5-10-6 M. Desialylated alpha-1 acid glycoprotein showed significantly different binding with diltiazem, lidocaine, and warfarin compared with native alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, whereas clindamycin showed no significant difference. Therefore, a different degree of sialylation may result in different binding affinities, and the clinical significance of changes in sialylation or glycosylation of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein in general should not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kerep
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tino Šeba
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Borko
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tin Weitner
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Gabričević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nishi K. [Elucidation of Drug Transport Mechanism by Serum Protein and Development for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:205-210. [PMID: 36858548 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) are the major drug-binding proteins in the blood and regulate the tissue transfer of bound drugs. We succeeded in clarifying the three-dimensional structure of AGP for the first time in the world from X-ray crystal structure analysis. Using a site-directed mutagenesis method by constructing yeast expression systems as well as the three-dimensional structure, we elucidated the properties of drug binding sites of AGP. We also found that structural change due to the interaction between AGP and cell membranes causes the release of bound drugs and reported an "AGP-mediated drug transport process." Pancreatic cancer has an extremely low response rate to anticancer drugs compared to other cancers and is resistant to starvation of nutrients including fatty acids. We clarified that glutamine metabolism is involved in this tolerance. Furthermore, aiming at efficient drug delivery and effective treatment for pancreatic cancer, we focused on nitric oxide (NO) which increases pancreatic blood flow and has a cell-killing effect on tumors and surrounding stromal tissues. We successfully synthesized nitrated phenylbutyrate (NPB), which binds to HSA and has an antitumor effect in vitro and vivo. The binding of NPB to HSA is considered to be useful for delivery to tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and HSA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University.,Yokohama University of Pharmacy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kono K, Fujimura R, Nakamura Y, Matsuura K, Nunoya KI, Yamaura Y, Imawaka H, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Hydrolase Activity of the Genetic Variants of Human Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:798-804. [PMID: 35179021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In human plasma, the main agent of hydrolysis of the ester-type prodrug of levodopa, designated ONO-2160, is alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which is a mixture of the F1*S and A variants at molar ratios of 3:1 to 2:1. In this study, the mechanism of AGP esterase-like activity was investigated by evaluating the contribution of the F1*S and A variants to ONO-2160 hydrolysis and identifying the AGP hydrolase active site. We found that although both variants hydrolyzed ONO-2160, their hydrolase activities were different. The intrinsic plasma clearance of the F1*S variant (0.441 mL/h/mg protein) was approximately 30 times higher than that of the A variant (0.0148 mL/h/mg protein), indicating that the F1*S variant contributed the most to AGP esterase-like activity. To identify the hydrolase active site of AGP, we performed inhibition studies of ONO-2160 hydrolysis using 12 AGP-binding drugs with various ligand-binding constants and binding selectivities to the two AGP variants. Inhibition of activity was positively correlated with the constant of ligand binding to the F1*S variant. In addition, compounds with high affinity to the F1*S variant inhibited ONO-2160 hydrolysis the most. Together, our data indicate that ONO-2160 is predominantly hydrolyzed by the F1*S variant at its ligand-binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kono
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Rui Fujimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kanoko Matsuura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nunoya
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamaura
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Haruo Imawaka
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Landin EJB, Williams C, Ryan SA, Bochel A, Akter N, Redfield C, Sessions RB, Dedi N, Taylor RJ, Crump MP. The structural basis for high affinity binding of α1-acid glycoprotein to the potent antitumor compound UCN-01. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101392. [PMID: 34758357 PMCID: PMC8671939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an abundant blood plasma protein with important immunomodulatory functions coupled to endogenous and exogenous ligand-binding properties. Its affinity for many drug-like structures, however, means AGP can have a significant effect on the pharmokinetics and pharmacodynamics of numerous small molecule therapeutics. Staurosporine, and its hydroxylated forms UCN-01 and UCN-02, are kinase inhibitors that have been investigated at length as antitumour compounds. Despite their potency, these compounds display poor pharmokinetics due to binding to both AGP variants, AGP1 and AGP2. The recent renewed interest in UCN-01 as a cytostatic protective agent prompted us to solve the structure of the AGP2–UCN-01 complex by X-ray crystallography, revealing for the first time the precise binding mode of UCN-01. The solution NMR suggests AGP2 undergoes a significant conformational change upon ligand binding, but also that it uses a common set of sidechains with which it captures key groups of UCN-01 and other small molecule ligands. We anticipate that this structure and the supporting NMR data will facilitate rational redesign of small molecules that could evade AGP and therefore improve tissue distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sara A Ryan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Bochel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nahida Akter
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Neesha Dedi
- Discovery Sciences, UCB Biopharma, Slough, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruiz M. Into the Labyrinth of the Lipocalin α1-Acid Glycoprotein. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686251. [PMID: 34168570 PMCID: PMC8217824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), also known as Orosomucoid (ORM), belongs to the Lipocalin protein family and it is well-known for being a positive acute-phase protein. AGP is mostly found in plasma, with the liver as main contributor, but it is also expressed in other tissues such as the brain or the adipose tissue. Despite the vast literature on AGP, the physiological functions of the protein remain to be elucidated. A large number of activities mostly related to protection and immune system modulation have been described. Recently created AGP-knockout models have suggested novel physiological roles of AGP, including regulation of metabolism. AGP has an outstanding ability to efficiently bind endogenous and exogenous small molecules that together with the complex and variable glycosylation patterns, determine AGP functions. This review summarizes and discusses the recent findings on AGP structure (including glycans), ligand-binding ability, regulation, and physiological functions of AGP. Moreover, this review explores possible molecular and functional connections between AGP and other members of the Lipocalin protein family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Costa AP, Court MH, Villarino NF, Burke NS, Mealey KL. Canine orosomucoid (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) variants and their influence on drug plasma protein binding. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:116-125. [PMID: 32744755 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Orosomucoid polymorphisms influence plasma drug binding in humans; however, canine variants and their effect on drug plasma protein binding have not yet been reported. In this study, the orosomucoid gene (ORM1) was sequenced in 100 dogs to identify the most common variant and its allele frequency determined in 1,464 dogs (from 64 breeds and mixed-breed dogs). Plasma protein binding extent of amitriptyline, indinavir, verapamil, and lidocaine were evaluated by equilibrium dialysis using plasma from ORM1 genotyped dogs (n = 12). Free and total drug plasma concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. From the five polymorphisms identified in canine ORM1, two were nonsynonymous. The most common was c.70G>A (p.Ala24Thr) with an allele frequency of 11.2% (n = 1464). Variant allele frequencies varied by breed, reaching 74% in Shetland Sheepdogs (n = 21). Free drug fractions did not differ significantly (p > .05; Mann-Whitney U) between plasma collected from dogs with c.70AA (n = 4) and those with c.70GG (n = 8) genotypes. While c.70G>A did not affect the extent of plasma protein binding in our study, the potential biological and pharmacological implication of this newly discovered ORM1 variant in dogs should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Costa
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas F Villarino
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Neal S Burke
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Katrina L Mealey
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bteich M. An overview of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein main characteristics: highlighting the roles of amino acids in binding kinetics and molecular interactions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02879. [PMID: 31844752 PMCID: PMC6895661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Albumin (ALB) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) have distinctive structural and functional characteristics, they both play a key role in binding a large variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands. An extensive binding to these plasma proteins could have a potential impact on drugs disposition (e.g. bioavailability, distribution and clearance), on their innocuity and their efficacy. This review summarizes the common knowledge about the structural and molecular characteristics of both ALB and AGP in humans, and about the most involved amino acids in their high-affinity binding pockets. However, the variability in residues found in binding pockets, for the same species, allows each plasma protein to interact differently with the ligands. The protein-ligand interaction influences differently the disposition of drugs that bind to either of these plasma proteins. The content of this review is useful for the design of new drug entities with high-binding characteristics, in qualitative and quantitative modelling (e.g. in vitro-in vivo extrapolations, 3D molecular docking, interspecies extrapolations), and for other interdisciplinary research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bteich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The engineered β-lactoglobulin with complementarity to the chlorpromazine chiral conformers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
9
|
Hanada K. Lipophilicity Influences Drug Binding to α1-Acid Glycoprotein F1/S Variants But Not to the A Variant. Drugs R D 2018. [PMID: 28646384 PMCID: PMC5629133 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-017-0193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human α1-acid glycoprotein has genetic variants, the F1, S, and A variants, which can be separated isoelectrophoretically. These variants show differences in their affinity of binding to several drugs. In this study, we investigated the factors determining drug binding to these α1-acid glycoprotein genetic variants using disopyramide, warfarin, and tamsulosin as marker compounds. Methods Binding of the marker drugs to human α1-acid glycoprotein was determined by ultra-filtration in the presence or absence of various other drugs. For screening of the α1-acid glycoprotein variants to which the marker drugs became bound, the effects of various other drugs on their binding were studied. The binding data were analyzed using a competitive inhibition model and the relationship between the estimated dissociation constants and physicochemical properties, such as log P, was also analyzed. Results The binding of tamsulosin was significantly decreased by aprindine, carvedilol, erythromycin, thioridazine, and warfarin, but not by disopyramide. The dissociation constants of drugs bound to F1/S variants were significantly correlated with their lipophilicity, but those for the A variant were not. Conclusions We were able to develop a simple screening method for determining individual α1-acid glycoprotein variants to which drugs would bind. The binding of drugs to F1/S variants may be determined mainly by drug lipophilicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40268-017-0193-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hanada
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacokinetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jennings L, Waters RS, Pal R, Parker D. Induced Europium Circularly Polarized Luminescence Monitors Reversible Drug Binding to Native α1-Acid Glycoprotein. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:271-277. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jennings
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Ryan S. Waters
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filipic S, Ruzic D, Vucicevic J, Nikolic K, Agbaba D. Quantitative structure-retention relationship of selected imidazoline derivatives on α1-acid glycoprotein column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
On-column entrapment of alpha1-acid glycoprotein for studies of drug-protein binding by high-performance affinity chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5745-5756. [PMID: 27289464 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An on-column approach for protein entrapment was developed to immobilize alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) for drug-protein binding studies based on high-performance affinity chromatography. Soluble AGP was physically entrapped by using microcolumns that contained hydrazide-activated porous silica and by employing mildly oxidized glycogen as a capping agent. Three on-column entrapment methods were evaluated and compared to a previous slurry-based entrapment method. The final selected method was used to prepare 1.0 cm × 2.1 mm I.D. affinity microcolumns that contained up to 21 (±4) μg AGP and that could be used over the course of more than 150 sample applications. Frontal analysis and zonal elution studies were performed on these affinity microcolumns to examine the binding of various drugs with the entrapped AGP. Site-selective competition studies were also conducted for these drugs. The results showed good agreement with previous observations for these drug-protein systems and with binding constants that have been reported in the literature. The entrapment method developed in this study should be useful for future work in the area of personalized medicine and in the high-throughput screening of drug interactions with AGP or other proteins. Graphical abstract On-column protein entrapment using a hydrazide-activated support and oxidized glycogen as a capping agent.
Collapse
|
13
|
di Masi A, Trezza V, Leboffe L, Ascenzi P. Human plasma lipocalins and serum albumin: Plasma alternative carriers? J Control Release 2016; 228:191-205. [PMID: 26951925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that bind and transport a variety of exogenous and endogenous ligands. Lipocalins share a conserved eight anti-parallel β-sheet structure. Among the different lipocalins identified in humans, α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), apolipoprotein D (apoD), apolipoprotein M (apoM), α1-microglobulin (α1-m) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) are plasma proteins. In particular, AGP is the most important transporter for basic and neutral drugs, apoD, apoM, and RBP mainly bind endogenous molecules such as progesterone, pregnenolone, bilirubin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and retinol, while α1-m binds the heme. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a monomeric all-α protein that binds endogenous and exogenous molecules like fatty acids, heme, and acidic drugs. Changes in the plasmatic levels of lipocalins and HSA are responsible for the onset of pathological conditions associated with an altered drug transport and delivery. This, however, does not necessary result in potential adverse effects in patients because many drugs can bind both HSA and lipocalins, and therefore mutual compensatory binding mechanisms can be hypothesized. Here, molecular and clinical aspects of ligand transport by plasma lipocalins and HSA are reviewed, with special attention to their role as alterative carriers in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, I-00136 Roma, Italy.
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, I-00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, I-00136 Roma, Italy; Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sensitive determination of plasma protein binding of cationic drugs using mixed-mode solid-phase microextraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:534-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Kopecký V, Ettrich R, Pazderka T, Hofbauerová K, Řeha D, Baumruk V. Influence of ligand binding on structure and thermostability of human α1-acid glycoprotein. J Mol Recognit 2015; 29:70-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Kopecký
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University in Prague; Ke Karlovu 5 CZ-12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Rüdiger Ettrich
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences; University of South Bohemia; Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pazderka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University in Prague; Ke Karlovu 5 CZ-12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hofbauerová
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University in Prague; Ke Karlovu 5 CZ-12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - David Řeha
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences; University of South Bohemia; Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Baumruk
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University in Prague; Ke Karlovu 5 CZ-12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lambrinidis G, Vallianatou T, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A. In vitro, in silico and integrated strategies for the estimation of plasma protein binding. A review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 86:27-45. [PMID: 25819487 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma protein binding (PPB) strongly affects drug distribution and pharmacokinetic behavior with consequences in overall pharmacological action. Extended plasma protein binding may be associated with drug safety issues and several adverse effects, like low clearance, low brain penetration, drug-drug interactions, loss of efficacy, while influencing the fate of enantiomers and diastereoisomers by stereoselective binding within the body. Therefore in holistic drug design approaches, where ADME(T) properties are considered in parallel with target affinity, considerable efforts are focused in early estimation of PPB mainly in regard to human serum albumin (HSA), which is the most abundant and most important plasma protein. The second critical serum protein α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), although often underscored, plays also an important and complicated role in clinical therapy and thus the last years it has been studied thoroughly too. In the present review, after an overview of the principles of HSA and AGP binding as well as the structure topology of the proteins, the current trends and perspectives in the field of PPB predictions are presented and discussed considering both HSA and AGP binding. Since however for the latter protein systematic studies have started only the last years, the review focuses mainly to HSA. One part of the review highlights the challenge to develop rapid techniques for HSA and AGP binding simulation and their performance in assessment of PPB. The second part focuses on in silico approaches to predict HSA and AGP binding, analyzing and evaluating structure-based and ligand-based methods, as well as combination of both methods in the aim to exploit the different information and overcome the limitations of each individual approach. Ligand-based methods use the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) methodology to establish quantitate models for the prediction of binding constants from molecular descriptors, while they provide only indirect information on binding mechanism. Efforts for the establishment of global models, automated workflows and web-based platforms for PPB predictions are presented and discussed. Structure-based methods relying on the crystal structures of drug-protein complexes provide detailed information on the underlying mechanism but are usually restricted to specific compounds. They are useful to identify the specific binding site while they may be important in investigating drug-drug interactions, related to PPB. Moreover, chemometrics or structure-based modeling may be supported by experimental data a promising integrated alternative strategy for ADME(T) properties optimization. In the case of PPB the use of molecular modeling combined with bioanalytical techniques is frequently used for the investigation of AGP binding.
Collapse
|
17
|
Schneider EK, Huang JX, Carbone V, Baker M, Azad MAK, Cooper MA, Li J, Velkov T. Drug-drug plasma protein binding interactions of ivacaftor. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:339-48. [PMID: 25707701 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ivacaftor is a novel cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator that improves the pulmonary function for patients with CF bearing a G551D CFTR-protein mutation. Because ivacaftor is highly bound (>97%) to plasma proteins, there is the strong possibility that co-administered CF drugs may compete for the same plasma protein binding sites and impact the free drug concentration. This, in turn, could lead to drastic changes in the in vivo efficacy of ivacaftor and therapeutic outcomes. This biochemical study compares the binding affinity of ivacaftor and co-administered CF drugs for human serum albumin (HSA) and α1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP) using surface plasmon resonance and fluorimetric binding assays that measure the displacement of site-selective probes. Because of their ability to strongly compete for the ivacaftor binding sites on HSA and AGP, drug-drug interactions between ivacaftor are to be expected with ducosate, montelukast, ibuprofen, dicloxacillin, omeprazole, and loratadine. The significance of these plasma protein drug-drug interactions is also interpreted in terms of molecular docking simulations. This in vitro study provides valuable insights into the plasma protein drug-drug interactions of ivacaftor with co-administered CF drugs. The data may prove useful in future clinical trials for a staggered treatment that aims to maximize the effective free drug concentration and clinical efficacy of ivacaftor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Schneider
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leopold-Franzen-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Domonkos C, Zsila F, Fitos I, Visy J, Kassai R, Bálint B, Kotschy A. Synthesis and serum protein binding of novel ring-substituted harmine derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential anticancer derivatives of the β-carboline alkaloid harmine exhibit substituent dependent serum protein binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celesztina Domonkos
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Ilona Fitos
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Júlia Visy
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Rudolf Kassai
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Balázs Bálint
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - András Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- Budapest
- Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ascenzi P, Fanali G, Fasano M, Pallottini V, Trezza V. Clinical relevance of drug binding to plasma proteins. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
20
|
Chrysanthakopoulos M, Vallianatou T, Giaginis C, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A. Investigation of the retention behavior of structurally diverse drugs on alpha1 acid glycoprotein column: Insight on the molecular factors involved and correlation with protein binding data. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 60:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
21
|
Domonkos C, Fitos I, Visy J, Zsila F. Role of the conformational flexibility of evodiamine in its binding to protein hosts: a comparative spectroscopic and molecular modeling evaluation with rutaecarpine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22632-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inherent structural flexibility of evodiamine allows it to adopt different conformations depending on the nature of the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celesztina Domonkos
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Fitos
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Visy
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sivertsen A, Brandsdal BO, Svendsen JS, Andersen JH, Svenson J. Short cationic antimicrobial peptides bind to human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein with no implications for thein vitrobioactivity. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:461-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annfrid Sivertsen
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Tromsø; NO-9037; Tromsø; Norway
| | | | - John Sigurd Svendsen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Tromsø; NO-9037; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Jeanette Hammer Andersen
- Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactivities and Drug Discovery (MABCENT); University of Tromsø; NO-9037; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Tromsø; NO-9037; Tromsø; Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Huang JX, Cooper MA, Baker MA, Azad MAK, Nation RL, Li J, Velkov T. Drug-binding energetics of human α-1-acid glycoprotein assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking simulations. J Mol Recognit 2013. [PMID: 23192962 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study utilizes sensitive, modern isothermal titration calorimetric methods to characterize the microscopic thermodynamic parameters that drive the binding of basic drugs to α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and thereby rationalize the thermodynamic data in relation to docking models and crystallographic structures of the drug-AGP complexes. The binding of basic compounds from the tricyclic antidepressant series, together with miaserine, chlorpromazine, disopyramide and cimetidine, all displayed an exothermically driven binding interaction with AGP. The impact of protonation/deprotonation events, ionic strength, temperature and the individual selectivity of the A and F1*S AGP variants on drug-binding thermodynamics was characterized. A correlation plot of the thermodynamic parameters for all of the test compounds revealed that an enthalpy-entropy compensation is in effect. The exothermic binding energetics of the test compounds were driven by a combination of favorable (negative) enthalpic (∆Hº) and favorable (positive) entropic (∆Sº) contributions to the Gibbs free energy (∆Gº). Collectively, the data imply that the free energies that drive drug binding to AGP and its relationship to drug serum residency evolve from the complex interplay of enthalpic and entropic forces from interactions with explicit combinations of hydrophobic and polar side-chain sub-domains within the multi-lobed AGP ligand binding cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny X Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Trainor GL. The importance of plasma protein binding in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 2:51-64. [PMID: 23496037 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma protein binding of drugs is a well-recognised phenomena, but it is only recently that the implications for drug action in vivo have been fully appreciated. Plasma proteins, by virtue of their high concentration, control the free drug concentration in plasma and in compartments in equilibrium with plasma, thereby, effectively attenuating drug potency in vivo. The historical background and thermodynamic basis for the 'Free Drug Principle' is presented, along with special considerations for intracellular targets, deep compartments and α1-acid glycoprotein binding. Real and apparent exceptions to the principle are discussed along with a survey of citations from the recent medicinal chemistry literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George L Trainor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vallianatou T, Lambrinidis G, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A. In silicoprediction of human serum albumin binding for drug leads. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:583-95. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.777424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
27
|
Molecular Characterization of Lipopolysaccharide Binding to Human α-1-Acid Glycoprotein. J Lipids 2012; 2012:475153. [PMID: 23316371 PMCID: PMC3539403 DOI: 10.1155/2012/475153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of AGP to bind circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma is believed to help reduce the proinflammatory effect of bacterial lipid A molecules. Here, for the first time we have characterized human AGP binding characteristics of the LPS from a number of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens. The binding affinity and structure activity relationships (SAR) of the AGP-LPS interactions were characterized by surface plasma resonance (SPR). In order to dissect the contribution of the lipid A, core oligosaccharide and O-antigen polysaccharide components of LPS, the AGP binding affinity of LPS from smooth strains, were compared to lipid A, Kdo2-lipid A, Ra, Rd, and Re rough LPS mutants. The SAR analysis enabled by the binding data suggested that, in addition to the important role played by the lipid A and core components of LPS, it is predominately the unique species- and strain-specific carbohydrate structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide that largely determines the binding affinity for AGP. Together, these data are consistent with the role of AGP in the binding and transport of LPS in plasma during acute-phase inflammatory responses to invading Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
|
28
|
Azad MAK, Huang JX, Cooper MA, Roberts KD, Thompson PE, Nation RL, Li J, Velkov T. Structure-activity relationships for the binding of polymyxins with human α-1-acid glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:278-91. [PMID: 22587817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, for the first time, we have characterized binding properties of the polymyxin class of antibiotics for human α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) using a combination of biophysical techniques. The binding affinity of colistin, polymyxin B, polymyxin B(3), colistin methansulfonate, and colistin nona-peptide was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), surface plasma resonance (SPR) and fluorometric assay methods. All assay techniques indicated colistin, polymyxin B and polymyxin B(3) display a moderate binding affinity for AGP. ITC and SPR showed there was no detectable binding affinity for colistin methansulfonate and colistin nona-peptide, suggesting both the positive charges of the diaminobutyric acid (Dab) side chains and the N-terminal fatty acyl chain of the polymyxin molecule are required to drive binding to AGP. In addition, the ITC and fluorometric data suggested that endogenous lipidic substances bound to AGP provide part of the polymyxin binding surface. A molecular model of the polymyxin B(3)-AGP F1*S complex was presented that illustrates the pivotal role of the N-terminal fatty acyl chain and the D-Phe6-L-Leu7 hydrophobic motif of polymyxin B(3) for binding to the cleft-like ligand binding cavity of AGP F1*S variant. The model conforms with the entropy driven binding interaction characterized by ITC which suggests hydrophobic interactions coupled to desolvation events and conformational changes are the primary driving force for polymyxins binding to AGP. Collectively, the data are consistent with a role of this acute-phase reactant protein in the transport of polymyxins in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A K Azad
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fitos I, Simon Á, Zsila F, Mády G, Bencsura Á, Varga Z, Őrfi L, Kéri G, Visy J. Characterization of binding mode of imatinib to human α1-acid glycoprotein. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:788-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
30
|
Wu J, Lorusso PM, Matherly LH, Li J. Implications of plasma protein binding for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2066-79. [PMID: 22351688 PMCID: PMC3856649 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding of plasma protein binding will provide mechanistic insights into drug interactions or unusual pharmacokinetic properties. This study investigated RO4929097 binding in plasma and its implications for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this compound. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RO4929097 binding to plasma proteins was determined using a validated equilibrium dialysis method. Pharmacokinetics of total and unbound RO4929097 was evaluated in eight patients with breast cancer receiving RO4929097 alone and in combination with the Hedgehog inhibitor GDC-0449. The impact of protein binding on RO4929097 pharmacodynamics was assessed using an in vitro Notch cellular assay. RESULTS RO4929097 was extensively bound in human plasma, with the total binding constant of 1.0 × 10(6) and 1.8 × 10(4) L/mol for α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin, respectively. GDC-0449 competitively inhibited RO4929097 binding to AAG. In patients, RO4929097 fraction unbound (Fu) exhibited large intra- and interindividual variability; GDC-0449 increased RO4929097 Fu by an average of 3.7-fold. Concomitant GDC-0449 significantly decreased total (but not unbound) RO4929097 exposure. RO4929097 Fu was strongly correlated with the total drug exposure. Binding to AAG abrogated RO4929097 in vitro Notch-inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS RO4929097 is highly bound in human plasma with high affinity to AAG. Changes in plasma protein binding caused by concomitant drug (e.g., GDC-0449) or disease states (e.g., ↑AAG level in cancer) can alter total (but not unbound) RO4929097 exposure. Unbound RO4929097 is pharmacologically active. Monitoring of unbound RO4929097 plasma concentration is recommended to avoid misleading conclusions on the basis of the total drug levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Wu
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu L, Hong Y, Li L, Jin Y, Zheng M, Jiang H, Zeng S. Enantioselective drug–protein interaction between mexiletine and plasma protein. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:792-801. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the interaction of mexiletine enantiomers with human plasma, human serum albumin (HSA), and human α1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP), and characterized the binding modes of mexiletine enantiomers with hAGP in the molecular level.
Methods
Enantiomer separation of mexiletine was performed using precolumn derivatization chiral HPLC. The ultrafiltration technique was used to separate the free mexiletine in plasma matrix. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were assessed using molecular mechanics and the generalized Born surface area method.
Key findings
Significant differences in enantioselective binding to human plasma were observed (R > S). The hAGP–mexiletine binding profile exhibited similar enantioselectivity (R > S) to that in human plasma, whereas HSA–mexiletine interaction was S > R at pH 7.4. Moreover, the results of comparative studies indicated that mexiletine had the highest binding affinity for F1-S, a variant of hAGP. Based on the computational studies, residues such as Arg90, Leu79, Ser89 and Phe89 showed an energy difference of more than −0.35 kcal/mol between the enantiomers.
Conclusions
hAGP may be one of the key proteins leading to the enantioselective protein bindings of mexiletine in human plasma (R > S). The residues Arg90, Leu79, Ser89 and Phe89 of hAGP may have important roles in the observed enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lushan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxiu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carr R, Di Bari L, Lo Piano S, Parker D, Peacock RD, Sanderson JM. A chiral probe for the acute phase proteins alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin based on europium luminescence. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13154-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Moroy G, Martiny VY, Vayer P, Villoutreix BO, Miteva MA. Toward in silico structure-based ADMET prediction in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:44-55. [PMID: 22056716 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods and related approaches have been used to investigate the molecular features that influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of drugs. As the three-dimensional structures of several major ADMET proteins become available, structure-based (docking-scoring) computations can be carried out to complement or to go beyond QSAR studies. Applying docking-scoring methods to ADMET proteins is a challenging process because they usually have a large and flexible binding cavity; however, promising results relating to metabolizing enzymes have been reported. After reviewing current trends in the field we applied structure-based methods in the context of receptor flexibility in a case study involving the phase II metabolizing sulfotransferases. Overall, the explored concepts and results suggested that structure-based ADMET profiling will probably join the mainstream during the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Moroy
- Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 Rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nishi K, Ono T, Nakamura T, Fukunaga N, Izumi M, Watanabe H, Suenaga A, Maruyama T, Yamagata Y, Curry S, Otagiri M. Structural insights into differences in drug-binding selectivity between two forms of human alpha1-acid glycoprotein genetic variants, the A and F1*S forms. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14427-34. [PMID: 21349832 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.208926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α(1)-acid glycoprotein (hAGP) in serum functions as a carrier of basic drugs. In most individuals, hAGP exists as a mixture of two genetic variants, the F1*S and A variants, which bind drugs with different selectivities. We prepared a mutant of the A variant, C149R, and showed that its drug-binding properties were indistinguishable from those of the wild type. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of this mutant hAGP alone and complexed with disopyramide (DSP), amitriptyline (AMT), and the nonspecific drug chlorpromazine (CPZ). The crystal structures revealed that the drug-binding pocket on the A variant is located within an eight-stranded β-barrel, similar to that found in the F1*S variant and other lipocalin family proteins. However, the binding region of the A variant is narrower than that of the F1*S variant. In the crystal structures of complexes with DSP and AMT, the two aromatic rings of each drug interact with Phe-49 and Phe-112 at the bottom of the binding pocket. Although the structure of CPZ is similar to those of DSP and AMT, its fused aromatic ring system, which is extended in length by the addition of a chlorine atom, appears to dictate an alternative mode of binding, which explains its nonselective binding to the F1*S and A variant hAGPs. Modeling experiments based on the co-crystal structures suggest that, in complexes of DSP, AMT, or CPZ with the F1*S variant, Phe-114 sterically hinders interactions with DSP and AMT, but not CPZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ermondi G, Caron G, Pintos IG, Gerbaldo M, Pérez M, Pérez DI, Gándara Z, Martínez A, Gómez G, Fall Y. An application of two MIFs-based tools (Volsurf+ and Pentacle) to binary QSAR: the case of a palinurin-related data set of non-ATP competitive glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:860-9. [PMID: 21281991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
VolSurf+ and GRIND descriptors extract the information present in MIFs calculated by GRID: the first are simpler to interpret and generally applied to ADME-Tox topics, whereas the latter are more sophisticated and thus more suited for pharmacodynamics events. Here we present a study which compares binary QSAR models obtained with VolSurf+ descriptors and GRIND for a data set of non-ATP competitive GSK-3β inhibitors chemically related to palinurin for which the biological activity is expressed in binary format. Results suggest not only that the simpler Volsurf+ descriptors are good enough to predict and chemically interpret the investigated phenomenon but also a bioactive conformation of palinurin which may guide future design of ATP non-competitive GSK-3 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ermondi
- CASSMedChem Laboratory, DSTF at the Centre for Innovation, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 11, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biomimetic chromatographic analysis of selenium species: Application for the estimation of their pharmacokinetic properties. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2171-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
37
|
Selective binding interactions of deramciclane to the genetic variants of human α1-acid glycoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:367-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Nishi K, Ueno M, Murakami Y, Fukunaga N, Akuta T, Kadowaki D, Watanabe H, Suenaga A, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. A site-directed mutagenesis study of drug-binding selectivity in genetic variants of human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:4316-26. [PMID: 19198000 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), a major carrier of many basic drugs in circulation, consists of at least two genetic variants, namely A and F1*S variant. Interestingly, the variants of AGP have different drug-binding properties. The purpose of this study was to identify the amino acid residues that are responsible for the selectivity of drug binding to genetic variants of AGP using site-directed mutagenesis. First, we screened amino acid residues in the region proximal to position 100 that are involved in binding of warfarin and dipyridamole, which are F1*S-specific ligands, and of propafenone, which is an A-specific ligand, using ultrafiltration. In the F1*S variant, His97, His100, and Trp122 were involved in either warfarin- or dipyridamole-binding, while Glu92, His100, and Trp122 participated in the binding of propafenone in the A variant. Exchange of the residue at position 92 between AGP variants reversed the relative strength of propafenone binding to the two variants, but had a markedly different effect on binding of warfarin and dipyridamole. These findings indicate that the amino acid residue at position 92 plays a significant role in drug-binding selectivity in AGP variants, especially for drugs that preferentially bind to the A variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ishizaki J, Fukaishi A, Fukuwa C, Yamazaki S, Tabata M, Ishida T, Suga Y, Arai K, Yokogawa K, Miyamoto KI. Evaluation of Selective Competitive Binding of Basic Drugs to .ALPHA.1-Acid Glycoprotein Variants. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:95-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishizaki
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Akiko Fukaishi
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Chie Fukuwa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Satoko Yamazaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Mayu Tabata
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Yukio Suga
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Kunizo Arai
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Koichi Yokogawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
- Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
- Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nishi K, Fukunaga N, Ono T, Akuta T, Yumita N, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Suenaga A, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Construction of an Expression System for Human α1-Acid Glycoprotein in E. coli: the Roles of Oligosaccharide Moieties in Structural and Functional Properties. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 25:200-7. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.25.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Hong Y, Tang Y, Zeng S. Enantioselective plasma protein binding of propafenone: mechanism, drug interaction, and species difference. Chirality 2009; 21:692-8. [PMID: 18937289 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of propafenone (PPF) enantiomers with human plasma, human serum albumin (HSA), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), as well as with plasma from rat, rabbit, and cow was investigated using indirect chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultrafiltration techniques. The stronger binding of the S-PPF found in human plasma was due to AGP. Two classes of binding sites in AGP were identified: one with high-affinity and small binding capacity (K(1(S)) = 7.65 x 10(6) M(-1), n(1(S)) = 0.50; K(1(R)) = 2.81 x 10(6) M(-1), n(1(R)) = 0.46), which revealed stereoselectivity; the other with low-affinity and high-binding capacity (n(2(S)) K(2(S)) = 9.95 x 10(3) M(-1); n(2(R)) K(2(R)) = 9.74 x 10(3) M(-1)). The binding to HSA was found to be weak and not enantioselective (nK(S) = 2.08 x 10(3) M(-1), nK(R) = 2.05 x 10(3) M(-1)). The interaction between enantiomers observed in human plasma was confirmed as a competitive type interacting at the high-affinity site in AGP. The binding mode of both enantiomers with AGP was mainly hydrophobic bond. PPF enantiomers had higher-binding affinity for the F-S variant of human AGP. Drug-drug binding interaction studies showed that verapamil, diazepam, nifedipine, furosemide, nitrendipine, and nimodipine did not affect the binding of PPF enantiomers except quinidine and aprindine at the therapeutic concentration. Comparative studies indicated considerable species-dependent binding stereoselectivity between plasma of the four species investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
After being distributed in the circulating blood, drugs bind to serum proteins varying degrees. In general, such binding is reversible, and a dynamic equilibrium exists between the bound and unbound molecular species. It is believed that unless there is a specific transport system (e.g. receptor-mediated endocytosis, protein-mediated transport), only unbound drugs are able to penetrate through biomembranes, are distributed to tissues, and undergo metabolism and glomerular filtration. It is also believed that only unbound molecules present in target tissues can exert their pharmacological effects, and that the concentration of unbound molecules in tissues is in proportion to the drug serum concentration. Therefore, drug-serum protein binding is critically involved in the manifestation of the pharmacological effects of a drug as well as its pharmacokinetics. Among serum proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) play important roles in protein binding for many drugs, which is of key importance to drug distribution in the body. In addition, they are widely used in clinical settings as blood preparations and drug delivery system carriers. It is thus of great importance from the viewpoint of pharmaceutical science to clarify the structure, function, and pharmaceutical properties of HSA and AGP. Accordingly, since starting my laboratory, the focus of my research has involved molecular pharmaceutical studies on the interactions of drugs and HSA and AGP for the purpose of applying these findings to clinical fields, such as drug treatment, diagnosis and drug discovery. In this review, the molecular properties of HSA and AGP will be briefly outlined. The static and dynamic topology of drug binding sites on these proteins, investigated by various spectroscopic techniques, X-ray crystallography, quantitative structure-activity relationships, molecular modeling, photo affinity labeling, site-directed mutagenesis etc., changes in the serum protein binding of drugs in pathological conditions, such as liver and kidney failure and various inflammation diseases and factors contributing to the changes will then be summarized. Finally, cases in which protein binding displacement can be applied to medical fields will also be introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schönfeld DL, Ravelli RBG, Mueller U, Skerra A. The 1.8-A crystal structure of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) solved by UV RIP reveals the broad drug-binding activity of this human plasma lipocalin. J Mol Biol 2008; 384:393-405. [PMID: 18823996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an important drug-binding protein in human plasma and, as an acute-phase protein, it has a strong influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many pharmaceuticals. We report the crystal structure of the recombinant unglycosylated human AGP at 1.8 A resolution, which was solved using the new method of UV-radiation-damage-induced phasing (UV RIP). AGP reveals a typical lipocalin fold comprising an eight-stranded beta-barrel. Of the four loops that form the entrance to the ligand-binding site, loop 1, which connects beta-strands A and B, is among the longest observed so far and exhibits two full turns of an alpha-helix. Furthermore, it carries one of the five N-linked glycosylation sites, while a second one occurs underneath the tip of loop 2. The branched, partly hydrophobic, and partly acidic cavity, together with the presumably flexible loop 1 and the two sugar side chains at its entrance, explains the diverse ligand spectrum of AGP, which is known to vary with changes in glycosylation pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian L Schönfeld
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, An der Saatzucht 5, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Organogold complexes probe a large β-barrel cavity for human serum α1-acid glycoprotein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Zsila F, Mády G. Biliverdin is the endogenous ligand of human serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:503-7. [PMID: 18510947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein (AAG), an acute phase component of the human serum, is a prominent member of the lipocalin family of proteins showing inflammatory/immunomodulatory activities and promiscuous drug binding properties. Both three-dimensional structure of AAG and its precise biological function are still unknown and only a few endogenous AAG ligands have been described to date. CD spectroscopic studies performed with commercial AAG and the separated genetic variants revealed high-affinity binding of biliverdin (BV) and biliverdin dimethyl ester to the 'F1/S' fraction of the protein. The preferential accommodation of the right-handed, P-helicity conformers of the pigments by the protein matrix resulted in strong induced CD activity, which was utilized for estimation of the binding parameters and to locate the binding site. It was concluded that both pigments are bound in the central beta-barrel cavity of AAG, held principally by hydrophobic interactions. Possible biological implications of the BV binding ability of AAG with special emphasis on the heme oxygenase-1 pathway are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fitos I, Visy J, Zsila F, Mády G, Simonyi M. Conformation selectivity in the binding of diazepam and analogues to α1-acid glycoprotein. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4857-62. [PMID: 17507228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diazepam, a 1,4-benzodiazepine lacking chiral centre, exists in an equimolar mixture of two chiral conformers. Induced circular dichroism spectra for the binding of diazepam and its 3,3-dimethyl substituted analogues to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) revealed that opposite to human serum albumin, AGP preferably binds the P-conformers. Accordingly, slightly favoured binding of (R)-enantiomers of 3-alkyl derivatives having P-conformation was found. In case of 3-acyloxy derivatives, however, AGP preferably binds the (S)-enantiomers. Studies with the separated genetic variants of AGP proved similar binding affinities, but markedly different conformation selectivities. For diazepam bound by the F1-S variant, a P/M selectivity of about 2 could be estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Fitos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zsila F, Iwao Y. The drug binding site of human α1-acid glycoprotein: Insight from induced circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectra. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:797-809. [PMID: 17321687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an important drug binding plasma protein which affects pharmacokinetical properties of various therapeutic agents. For the first time, interpretation of the induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectra of drug-AGP complexes is presented yielding valuable information on the protein binding environment. ICD spectra were obtained by novel ligands of which AGP induced optical activity have never been reported (primaquine, mefloquine, propranolol, terazosin, carbamazepine, rhodamine B) and by re-investigation of ICD spectra of protein-bound drugs published earlier (chlorpromazine, dipyridamole, prazosin). Spectroscopic features of the ICD and absorption bands of drugs combined with native AGP indicated chiral non-degenerate exciton coupling between the guest chromophore and the indole ring of an adjacent tryptophan (Trp) residue. Results of additional CD experiments performed by using recombinant AGP mutants showed no changes in the ligand binding ability of W122A in sharp contrast with the W25A which was unable to induce extrinsic CD signal with either ligand. Thus, these findings unequivocally prove that, likely via pi-pi stacking mechanism, Trp25 is essentially involved in the AGP binding of drugs studied here as well as of related compounds. Survey of the AGP binding data published in the literature support this conclusion. Our results provide a fast and efficient spectroscopic tool to determine the inclusion of ligand molecules into the beta-barrel cavity of AGP where the conserved Trp25 is located and might be useful in ligand-binding studies of other lipocalin proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, H-1525, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hanada K, Tochikura N, Ogata H. Selective Binding of Tamsulosin to Genetic Variants of Human .ALPHA.1-Acid Glycoprotein. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1593-5. [PMID: 17666829 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the characteristics of binding of tamsulosin to alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) genetic variants. The binding of tamsulosin to each of the human AGP variants was determined by ultrafiltration, and the binding characteristics for each variant were compared using binding parameters and inhibition of the binding by disopyramide and warfarin. The affinities of tamsulosin binding to a F1/S variant mixture and total AGP variants were relatively high (dissociation constants 1.6 microM). On the other hand, the dissociation constant for variant A was 14.9+/-2.53 microM. The binding of tamsulosin was competitively inhibited by warfarin but not by disopyramide. Tamsulosin appears to be a suitable compound for studying the characteristics of drug binding to human AGP F1/S variants under clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hanada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fitos I, Visy J, Zsila F, Mády G, Simonyi M. Selective binding of imatinib to the genetic variants of human α1-acid glycoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1704-12. [PMID: 17008009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, successfully used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Its strong plasma protein binding referred to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) component was found to inhibit the pharmacological activity. AGP shows genetic polymorphism and the two main genetic variants have different drug binding properties. The binding characteristics of imatinib to AGP genetic variants and the possibility of its binding interactions were investigated by various methods. The results proved that binding of imatinib to the two main genetic variants is very different, the high affinity binding belongs dominantly to the F1-S variant. This interaction is accompanied with specific spectral changes (induced circular dichroism, UV change, intrinsic fluorescence quenching), suggesting that the bound ligand has chiral conformation that would largely overlap with other ligands inside the protein cavity. Binding parameters of Ka=1.7(+/-0.2)x10(6)M(-1) and n=0.94 could be determined for the binding on the F1-S variant at 37 degrees . Imatinib binding on the A variant is weaker and less specific. The binding affinity of imatinib to human serum albumin (nKa approximately 3 x 10(4)M(-1)) is low. Pharmacologically relevant binding interactions with other drugs can be expected on the F1-S variant of AGP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Fitos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, POB 17, H-1525, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hortin GL, Seam N, Hoehn GT. Bound homocysteine, cysteine, and cysteinylglycine distribution between albumin and globulins. Clin Chem 2006; 52:2258-64. [PMID: 17068168 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.074302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major portions of homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly), and glutathione in serum are covalently bound to proteins via disulfides. Albumin has been considered the dominant binding protein. METHODS Pooled serum and plasma from healthy adults were fractionated into albumin and globulins by affinity columns. Content of Hcy, Cys, CysGly, and glutathione was determined for serum and plasma fractions and purified proteins by an HPLC method before and after incubation with excess CysGly, Hcy, or glutathione RESULTS Of protein-bound amino acids in pooled serum, 12% of Hcy, 21% of Cys, and 33% of CysGly were bound to globulins, with the remainder bound to albumin. Slightly higher proportions were bound to globulins in pooled plasma. Globulins had approximately 16% of total exchangeable disulfide and thiol groups in serum based on results of loading with CysGly. These results agree with expected abundance of unpaired Cys residues in globulins relative to albumin. Significant amounts of disulfide-linked amino acids were detected for HDL and alpha1-acid glycoprotein but not for transferrin. Exchange of disulfide-linked amino acids on exposure to excess Hcy or glutathione was much faster for albumin than for alpha1-acid glycoprotein. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 10%-30%, of protein-bound Hcy, Cys, and CysGly are disulfide-linked to globulins. Amino acids disulfide-linked to albumin are rapidly exchangeable, while exchange of disulfide-linked amino acids from globulins, such as alpha1-acid glycoprotein, is much slower. Consequently, the pools of Hcy, Cys, and CysGly bound to albumin and globulin may represent kinetically and functionally distinct pools. Plasma concentrations of total Hcy and Cys, which are dominated by albumin-bound pools, may not reflect the abundance of functionally significant modifications of globulins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen L Hortin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|