1
|
Llanos L, Staforelli S, Oliver AG, Moscoso FG, Wannemacher R, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Lemus L, Aravena D. Disentangling Radiative and Non-Radiative Deactivation Pathways in Cu I -Based TADF Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202501407. [PMID: 40013885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202501407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
The analysis of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters traditionally neglects the temperature dependence of the non-radiative singlet and triplet decay rates, which, for systems with quantum yields significantly departing from unity, unavoidably leads to inaccurate determination of the relevant photophysical parameters. Here we address this issue by performing a detailed photophysical study in three solid-state CuI complexes with the general formula [Cu(dmp)(PPh3)X] (X = Cl, Br, I). Decomposition of the measured temperature-dependent lifetimes τ(T) into their radiative and non-radiative contributions demonstrates a significant temperature dependence of the non-radiative rates, which leads to large deviations of the singlet-triplet gaps ΔEST from those determined in the traditional way. Our detailed analysis further confirms that non-radiative parameters follow the energy gap law and that zero field splitting effects, which are unrecognizable in the bare τ(T) data, are governed by the heavy atom effect. Our analysis is supported by measurements of the decay of the prompt fluorescence which is dominated by kISC in the studied compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Llanos
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, 9170002, Chile
| | - Sebastian Staforelli
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, 9170002, Chile
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Francisco G Moscoso
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Reinhold Wannemacher
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA Nanociencia), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA Nanociencia), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luis Lemus
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, 9170002, Chile
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, 9170002, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Y, Kuang X, Li TT, Hou CL, Yang H, Lu CZ. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(I) Halide Heteroleptic Complexes with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2025; 64:8334-8342. [PMID: 40240170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
In the global context of green chemistry and sustainable development, luminescent copper(I) halide complexes hold broad applications, attributed to their abundant resources and excellent photophysical properties. Herein, two novel copper(I) halide complexes were synthesized and systematically investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, photophysical characterization, and theoretical calculations among other methods. Both solid-state complexes exhibit bright green luminescent emissions with low self-absorption rates. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are as high as 95% and 87%, respectively. Because their singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST) are very small, both being 0.10 eV, these complexes can achieve thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission through efficient reverse intersystem crossing. Theoretical calculations revealed that their high-efficiency luminescence arises from the synergistic effects of metal-to-ligand charge transfer, halogen-to-ligand charge transfer, and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Lu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002 Fujian, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morselli G, Reber C, Wenger OS. Molecular Design Principles for Photoactive Transition Metal Complexes: A Guide for "Photo-Motivated" Chemists. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:11608-11624. [PMID: 40147007 PMCID: PMC11987026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Luminescence and photochemistry involve electronically excited states that are inherently unstable and therefore spontaneously decay to electronic ground states, in most cases by nonradiative energy release that generates heat. This energy dissipation can occur on a time scale of 100 fs (∼10-13 s) and usually needs to be slowed down to at least the nanosecond (∼10-9 s) time scale for luminescence and intermolecular photochemistry to occur. This is a challenging task with many different factors to consider. An alternative emerging strategy is to target dissociative excited states that lead to metal-ligand bond homolysis on the subnanosecond time scale to access synthetically useful radicals. Based on a thorough review at the most recent advances in the field, this article aims to provide a concise guide to obtaining luminescent and photochemically useful coordination compounds with d-block elements. We hope to encourage "photo-motivated" chemists who have been reluctant to apply their synthetic and other knowledge to photophysics and photochemistry, and we intend to stimulate new approaches to the synthetic control of excited state behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Morselli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Reber
- Département
de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal QC H3C
3J7, Canada
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo Y, Jiang T, Liang S, Wang A, Li J, Jia Y, Li Q, Yin J, Bai S, Li J. Immunostimulatory Hydrogel with Synergistic Blockage of Glutamine Metabolism and Chemodynamic Therapy for Postoperative Management of Glioblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2412507. [PMID: 39976234 PMCID: PMC12005773 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202412507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal malignant brain tumors in the central nervous system. Patients face many challenges after surgery, including tumor recurrence, intracranial pressure increase due to cavitation, and limitations associated with immediate postoperative oral chemotherapy. Here an injected peptide gel with in situ immunostimulatory functions is developed to coordinate the regulation of glutamine metabolism and chemodynamic therapy for overcoming these postoperative obstacles. The methodology entails crafting injectable gel scaffolds with short peptide molecules, incorporating the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 and copper peptide self-assembled particles (Cu-His NPs) renowned for their chemodynamic therapy (CDT) efficacy. By fine-tuning glutamic acid production via metabolic pathways, this system not only heightens the therapeutic prowess of copper peptide particles in CDT but also escalates intracellular oxidative stress. This dual mechanism culminates in augmented immunogenic cell death within glioblastoma multiforme cells and improves a conducive immune microenvironment. Based on the concept of metabolic reprogramming, this treatment strategy has great potential to significantly reduce GBM tumor recurrence and prolong median survival in murine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Tianhe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Sen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Anhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jieling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yi Jia
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical ThermodynamicsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Shuo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and DeliveryInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Junbai Li
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical ThermodynamicsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Li N, Wan X, Song XF, Zhang Y, Liu H, Miao J, Zou Y, Yang C, Li K. Harnessing of Cooperative Cu⋅⋅⋅H Interactions for Luminescent Low-Coordinate Copper(I) Complexes towards Stable OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202419290. [PMID: 39641632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202419290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Although two-coordinate Cu(I) complexes are highly promising low-cost emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the exposed metal center in the linear coordination geometry makes them suffer from poor stability. Herein, we describe a strategy to develop stable carbene-Cu-amide complexes through installing intramolecular noncovalent Cu⋅⋅⋅H interactions. The employment of 13H-dibenzo[a,i]carbazole (DBC) as the amide ligand leads to short Cu⋅⋅⋅H distances in addition to the Cu-N coordination bond. The resultant Cu(I) complexes exhibit yellow thermally activated delayed fluorescence with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 86 % and radiative decay rate constants on the order of 106 s-1. Comparing with the analogues without Cu⋅⋅⋅H interactions, the pincer complexes have significantly improved stability. The vacuum-deposited OLEDs show high-performance electroluminescence with maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 29.5 % and extremely small roll-offs of only 3.5 % at 10,000 cd m-2. Remarkably, the operational lifetimes (LT90) are up to 68 h with an initial luminance of 3000 cd m-2. This work proves a feasible design of robust low-coordinate metal complexes by leveraging secondary coordination interactions, which helps to overcome the long-standing stability problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang T, Ghosh A, Behringer-Pließ L, Chouhan L, Cunha AV, Havenith RWA, Butkevich E, Zhang L, Vázquez O, Debroye E, Enderlein J, Das S. Proton Tunneling Allows a Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Process in the Cancer Cell. JACS AU 2024; 4:4856-4865. [PMID: 39735908 PMCID: PMC11672552 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a fundamental redox process and has clear advantages in selectively activating challenging C-H bonds in many biological processes. Intrigued by this activation process, we aimed to develop a facile PCET process in cancer cells by modulating proton tunneling. This approach should lead to the design of an alternative photodynamic therapy (PDT) that depletes the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), the key redox regulator in cancer cells under hypoxia. To observe this depletion process in the cancer cell, we monitored the oxidative-stress-induced depolarization of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (MMP) using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Typically, increasing metabolic stress of cancer cells is reflected in a nontrivial change in the fluorophore's fluorescence lifetime. After 30 min of irradiation, we observed a shift in the mean lifetime value and a drastic drop in overall fluorescence signal. In addition, our PCET strategy resulted in drastic reorganization of mitochondrial morphology from tubular to vesicle-like and causing an overall depletion of intact mitochondria in the hypodermis of C. elegans. These observations confirmed that PCET promoted ROS-induced oxidative stress. Finally, we gained a clear understanding of the proton tunneling effect in the PCET process through photoluminescence experiments and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Third Institute
of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University
of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Lisa Behringer-Pließ
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University
of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Lata Chouhan
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Ana V. Cunha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
- Ghent
Quantum
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Butkevich
- Third Institute
of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department
of Chemistry & Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute
of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Łaski P, Bosman L, Drapała J, Kamiński R, Szarejko D, Borowski P, Roodt A, Henning R, Brink A, Jarzembska KN. Nanosecond-Lived Excimer Observation in a Crystal of a Rhodium(I) Complex via Time-Resolved X-ray Laue Diffraction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:10301-10306. [PMID: 39382182 PMCID: PMC11492376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The rare observation of transient Rh···Rh excimer formation in a single crystal is reported. The estimated excited-state lifetime at 100 K is 2 ns, which makes it the shortest-lived small-molecule species caught experimentally using the laser-pump/X-ray-probe time-resolved Laue method. Upon excitation with 390 nm laser light, the intermolecular Rh···Rh distance decreases from 3.379(4) to 3.19(1) Å, and the metal-metal contact gains more bonding character. On the basis of the experimental results and theoretical modeling, the structural changes determined with 100 ps time resolution reflect principally the S0 → S1 electronic transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Łaski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lerato Bosman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Jakub Drapała
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szarejko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Borowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Robert Henning
- Center
for Advanced Radiation Sources, University
of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alice Brink
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferraro V, Bizzarri C, Bräse S. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Materials Based on Earth-Abundant Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Design and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404866. [PMID: 38984475 PMCID: PMC11426009 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on transition metal complexes are currently gathering significant attention due to their technological potential. Their application extends beyond optoelectronics, in particular organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), and include also photocatalysis, sensing, and X-ray scintillators. From the perspective of sustainability, earth-abundant metal centers are preferred to rarer second- and third-transition series elements, thus determining a reduction in costs and toxicity but without compromising the overall performances. This review offers an overview of earth-abundant transition metal complexes exhibiting TADF and their application as photoconversion materials. Particular attention is devoted to the types of ligands employed, helping in the design of novel systems with enhanced TADF properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ferraro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li P, Lai SL, Chen Z, Tang WK, Leung MY, Ng M, Kwok WK, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Achieving efficient and stable blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes based on four-coordinate fluoroboron emitters by simple substitution molecular engineering. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12606-12615. [PMID: 39118634 PMCID: PMC11304800 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving both high efficiency and high stability in blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (TADF-OLEDs) is challenging for practical displays and lighting. Here, we have successfully developed a series of sky-blue to pure-blue emitting donor-acceptor (D-A) type TADF materials featuring a four-coordinated boron with 2,2'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)diphenolate (dppy) ligands, i.e.1-8. Synergistic engineering of substituents on the phenyl bridge as well as the electronic properties and the attached positions of heteroatom N-donors not only enables fine-tuning of the emission colors, but also modulates the nature and energies of their triplet excited states that are important for the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Particularly for the compound with two methyl substituents on the phenyl bridge (compound 8), RISC is significantly facilitated through the vibronic coupling of the energetically close-lying triplet charge transfer (3CT) and the triplet local excited (3LE) states, when compared to analogue 7. Efficient sky-blue to pure-blue OLEDs with electroluminescence peaks (λ EL) at 460-492 nm have been obtained, in which ca. five-fold higher external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 18.9% have been demonstrated by 8 than that by 7. Moreover, ca. thirty times longer device operational half-lifetimes (LT50) of 9113 hours for 8 than that for 7 as well as satisfactory LT50 reaching 26 643 hours for 6 at an initial luminance of 100 cd m-2 have also been demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent one of the best high-performance blue OLEDs based on tetracoordinated boron TADF emitters. Moreover, the design strategy presented here has provided an attractive strategy for enhancing the device performance of blue TADF-OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Shiu-Lun Lai
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wai Kit Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yi Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wing-Kei Kwok
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok Hong Kong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao YJ, Yang JS, Li J, Si YB, Xiao LY, Wang ZY, Hu JH, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Influence of the substituents of the thiol ligand on the optical properties of AuCu 14. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7374-7377. [PMID: 38922126 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Detailed photophysical processes of two AuCu14 clusters with different substituents (-F or -C(CH3)3) of the thiol ligand were studied in this work. The electronic effect of the substituents led to structural shrinkage, thus enhancing the luminous intensity. The internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in the AuCu14-C(CH3)3 crystal were slower compared with the AuCu14-F crystal, which was caused by the steric effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jin-Sen Yang
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Science, Xuchang University, 461000, Xuchang, China
| | - Yu-Bing Si
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lu-Yao Xiao
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatterjee J, Chatterjee A, Tanwar R, Panwaria P, Saikia S, Ambhore MD, Mandal P, Hazra P. Activation of TADF in Photon Upconverting Crystals of Dinuclear Cu(I)-Iodide Complexes by Ligand Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6069-6080. [PMID: 38820068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports that ligand engineering can modulate the triplet harvesting mechanism in iodide-bridged rhombic Cu2I2 complexes. Complex-1, with a smaller Cu-Cu distance, exhibits phosphorescence from 3(M+X)LCT and 3CC states with 66% quantum yield, whereas an increased Cu-Cu distance in complex-2 results in a switch of the emission from phosphorescence to TADF, which occurs via 1/3(M+X)LCT states with 83% quantum yield. The TADF property of complex-2 has been utilized for the fabrication of a pc-LED emitting efficient warm white light. Moreover, the high charge-transfer nature of these complexes leads to the emergence of third-harmonic generation (THG). Interestingly, complex-1 exhibits efficient third-harmonic generation with a χ(3) value of 1.15 × 10-18 m2 V-2 and LIDT value of 14.73 GW/cm2. This work aims to provide a structure-property relationship to achieve effective harvestation of triplet excitons in iodide-bridged rhombic Cu2I2 complexes and their effective utilization in OLED device fabrication and nonlinear photon upconversion processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Riteeka Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Panwaria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sajid Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madan D Ambhore
- Department of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya Nanded, Nanded, PIN-431602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hung CM, Wang SF, Chao WC, Li JL, Chen BH, Lu CH, Tu KY, Yang SD, Hung WY, Chi Y, Chou PT. High-performance near-infrared OLEDs maximized at 925 nm and 1022 nm through interfacial energy transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4664. [PMID: 38821968 PMCID: PMC11143248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a transfer printing technique, we imprint a layer of a designated near-infrared fluorescent dye BTP-eC9 onto a thin layer of Pt(II) complex, both of which are capable of self-assembly. Before integration, the Pt(II) complex layer gives intense deep-red phosphorescence maximized at ~740 nm, while the BTP-eC9 layer shows fluorescence at > 900 nm. Organic light emitting diodes fabricated under the imprinted bilayer architecture harvest most of Pt(II) complex phosphorescence, which undergoes triplet-to-singlet energy transfer to the BTP-eC9 dye, resulting in high-intensity hyperfluorescence at > 900 nm. As a result, devices achieve 925 nm emission with external quantum efficiencies of 2.24% (1.94 ± 0.18%) and maximum radiance of 39.97 W sr-1 m-2. Comprehensive morphology, spectroscopy and device analyses support the mechanism of interfacial energy transfer, which also is proved successful for BTPV-eC9 dye (1022 nm), making bright and far-reaching the prospective of hyperfluorescent OLEDs in the near-infrared region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ming Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yen Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang S, Tang Z, Qu B, Xiao L, Chen Z. Crown-Assisted CsCu 2I 3 Growth and Trap Passivation for Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38608287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu)-based perovskites are promising for lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve high performance devices due to the nonradiative loss caused by the disordered crystallization and lack of passivation. Crown ethers are known to form host-guest complexes by the interaction between C-O-C groups and certain cations, and 18-crown-6 (18C6) with an appropriate complementary size can interact with Cs+ and Cu+ cations. Herein, we studied the interaction between CsCu2I3 and two crowns with the same cyclic size, 18C6 and dibenzo-18-crown-6 (D18C6). Particularly, D18C6 can reduce the nonradiative recombination rate of CsCu2I3 film by passivating the defects and optimizing the film morphology effectively. The room mean square (RMS) decreased from 5.06 to 2.95 nm, and the PLQY was promoted from 4.71% to 19.9%. Besides, D18C6 can also decrease the barrier of hole injection. The PeLEDs based on D18C6-modified CsCu2I3 realized noticeable improvement with a maximum luminance and EQE of 583 cd/m2 and 0.662%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang WF, Xie MJ, Wang PK, Lu J, Li BY, Wang MS, Wang SH, Zheng FK, Guo GC. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF)-active Coinage-metal Sulfide Clusters for High-resolution X-ray Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318026. [PMID: 38157447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The study of facile-synthesis and low-cost X-ray scintillators with high light yield, low detection limit and high X-ray imaging resolution plays a vital role in medical and industrial imaging fields. However, the optimal balance between X-ray absorption, decay lifetime and excitonic utilization efficiency of scintillators to achieve high-resolution imaging is extremely difficult due to the inherent contradiction. Here two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-actived coinage-metal clusters M6 S6 L6 (M=Ag or Cu) were synthesized by simple solvothermal reaction, where the cooperation of heavy atom-rich character and TADF mechanism supports strong X-ray absorption and rapid luminescent collection of excitons. Excitingly, Ag6 S6 L6 (SC-Ag) displays a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91.6 % and scintillating light yield of 17420 photons MeV-1 , as well as a low detection limit of 208.65 nGy s-1 that is 26 times lower than the medical standard (5.5 μGy s-1 ). More importantly, a high X-ray imaging resolution of 16 lp/mm based on SC-Ag screen is demonstrated. Besides, rigid core skeleton reinforced by metallophilicity endows clusters M6 S6 L6 strong resistance to humidity and radiation. This work provides a new view for the design of efficient scintillators and opens the research door for silver clusters in scintillation application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Kun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350608, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garcia JV, Guzman C, Mikhailovsky AA, Devitt S, Tinsley JR, DiBenedetto JA, Ford PC. Time-resolved radioluminescence of the Cu(I) cluster Cu 4I 62-. Different responses to photo, X-ray, β-ray and α-particle excitation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14455-14458. [PMID: 37982517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved radioluminescence (TRRL) properties of the Cu(I) cluster Cu4I62- upon pulsed X-ray, β-ray or α-particle excitation are described. The longer (>2 μs) TRRL component displays exponential decay comparable to pulsed UV excitation; however, temporal behaviour at shorter times indicates that high local excited state density provides an alternative decay channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John V Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA.
| | - Camilo Guzman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA.
| | - Alexander A Mikhailovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA.
| | - Sean Devitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA.
| | - James R Tinsley
- Special Technologies Laboratory, Nevada National Security Sites, 5520 Ekwill Street, Suite B, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA.
| | - John A DiBenedetto
- Special Technologies Laboratory, Nevada National Security Sites, 5520 Ekwill Street, Suite B, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA.
| | - Peter C Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang D, Hu W, Liu C, Huang J, Zhang X. Electronic Tuning of Photoexcited Dynamics in Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complex Photosensitizers. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10137-10144. [PMID: 37922426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited dynamics of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes as noble-metal-free photosensitizers are closely intertwined with the nature of their ligands. By utilizing ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies, we characterized a new set of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes [Cu(PPh3)2(BPyR)]+ (R = CH3, H, Br to COOCH3), with an increase in the electron-withdrawing ability of the functional group (R). We found that after the transient photooxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II), the increasing electron-withdrawing ability of R barely affects the internal conversion (IC) (e.g., Jahn-taller (JT) distortion) between singlet MLCT states. However, it does accelerate the dynamics of intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet MLCT states and the subsequent decay from the triplet MLCT state to the ground state. The associated lifetime constants are reduced by up to 300%. Our understanding of the photoexcited dynamics in heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes through ligand electronic tuning provides valuable insight into the rational design of efficient Cu(I) complex photosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Song XF, Peng LY, Chen WK, Gao YJ, Cui G. Theoretical studies on thermally activated delayed fluorescence of "carbene-metal-amide" Cu and Au complexes: geometric structures, excitation characters, and mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29603-29613. [PMID: 37877743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03444e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
"Carbene-metal(I)-amide" (CMA) complexes have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable properties and potential TADF applications in organic electronics. However, the atomistic working mechanism is still elusive. Herein, we chose two CMA complexes, i.e., cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene-copper[gold](I)-carbazole (CAAC-Cu[Au]-Cz), and employed both DFT and TD-DFT methods, in combination with radiative and nonradiative rate calculations, to investigate geometric and electronic structures of these two complexes in the ground and excited states, including orbital compositions, electronic transitions, absorption and emission spectra, and the luminescence mechanism. It is found that the coplanar or perpendicular conformations are coexistent in the ground state (S0), the lowest excited singlet state (S1), and the triplet state (T1). Both the coplanar and perpendicular S1 and T1 states have similar ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) character between CAAC and Cz, and some charge-transfer character between metal atoms and ligands, which is beneficial to minimize the singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST) and increase the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). An interesting three-state (S0, S1, T1) model involving two regions (coplanar and perpendicular) is proposed to rationalize the experimental TADF phenomena in the CMA complexes. In addition to the coplanar ones, the perpendicular S1 and T1 states also play a role in promoting the repopulation of the coplanar S1 exciton, which is a primary source for the delayed fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang LX, Cheng SC, Liu Y, Leung CF, Liu JY, Ko CC, Lau TC, Xiang J. Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence of Cu(I) complexes containing new functionalized 1,2,3-triazole ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16032-16042. [PMID: 37850402 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of a triazole ligand, 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L1), with 2-bromopyridine afforded three new ligands, 2,2'-(1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,4-diyl)dipyridine (L2), 2,2'-(2H-1,2,3-triazole-2,4-diyl)dipyridine (L3) and 2,2'-(1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,5-diyl)dipyridine (L4). A series of luminescent mononuclear copper(I) complexes of these ligands [Cu(Ln)(P^P)](ClO4) [n = 1, P^P = (PPh3)2 (1); n = 1, P^P = POP (2); n = 2, P^P = (PPh3)2 (3); n = 2, P^P = POP (4); n = 3, P^P = (PPh3)2 (5); n = 3, P^P = POP (6); n = 4, P^P = (PPh3)2 (9); n = 4, P^P = POP (10)] have been obtained from the reaction of Ln with [Cu(MeCN)4]ClO4 in the presence of PPh3 and POP. L3 was also found to form dinuclear compounds [Cu2(L3)(PPh3)4](ClO4)2 (7) and [Cu2(L3)(POP)2](ClO4)2 (8). All of the Cu(I) compounds have been characterized by IR, UV/vis, CV, 1H NMR, and 31P{1H} NMR. The molecular structures of 1-3, 5, and 7 have been further determined by X-ray crystallography. In CH2Cl2 solutions, these Cu(I) complexes exhibit tunable green to orange emissions (563-621 nm) upon excitation at λex = 380 nm. In the solid state, these complexes show intense emissions and it is interesting to note that 1 and 3 are blue-light emitters. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the lowest energy electronic transition associated with these complexes predominantly originates from metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (MLCT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Fai Leung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sevilla RC, Soebroto RJ, Kurniawan IS, Chen PW, Chang SH, Shen JL, Chou WC, Yeh JM, Huang HY, Yuan CT. Self-Trapped, Thermally Equilibrated Delayed Fluorescence Enables Low-Reabsorption Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Gold-Doped Silver Nanoclusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37922121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Reabsorption-free luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are crucial ingredients for photovoltaic windows. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with large Stokes-shifted photoluminescence (PL) hold great promise for applications in LSCs. However, a fundamental understanding of the PL mechanism, particularly on the excited-state interaction and exciton kinetics, is still lacking. Herein, we studied the exciton-phonon coupling and singlet/triplet exciton dynamics for gold-doped silver NCs in a solid matrix. Following photoexcitation, the excitons can be self-trapped via strong exciton-phonon coupling. Subsequently, rapid thermal equilibration between the singlet and triplet states occurs due to the coexistence of small energy splitting and spin-orbit coupling. Finally, broadband delayed fluorescence with a large Stokes shift can be generated, namely, self-trapped, thermally equilibrated delayed fluorescence (ST-TEDF). Benefiting from superior ST-TEDF, we demonstrated efficient LSCs with minimized reabsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russel Cruz Sevilla
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ruth Jeane Soebroto
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Irwan Saleh Kurniawan
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Physics Division, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Hsiung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Ching Chou
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ying Huang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tsu Yuan
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cîrcu V, Ganea CP, Secu M, Manaila-Maximean D, Marinescu GC, Popescu RG, Pasuk I. Columnar Liquid Crystals of Copper(I) Complexes with Ionic Conductivity and Solid State Emission. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104196. [PMID: 37241937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two neutral copper(I) halide complexes ([Cu(BTU)2X], X = Cl, Br) were prepared by the reduction of the corresponding copper(II) halides (chloride or bromide) with a benzoylthiourea (BTU, N-(3,4-diheptyloxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenyl)thiourea) ligand in ethanol. The two copper(I) complexes show a very interesting combination of 2D supramolecular structures, liquid crystalline, emission, and 1D ionic conduction properties. Their chemical structure was ascribed based on ESI-MS, elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies (1H and 13C), while the mesomorphic behavior was analyzed through a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). These new copper(I) complexes have mesomorphic properties and exhibit a hexagonal columnar mesophase over a large temperature range, more than 100 K, as evidenced by DSC studies and POM observations. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) indicated a very good thermal stability of these samples up to the isotropization temperatures and over the whole temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase existence. Both complexes displayed a solid-state emission with quantum yields up to 8% at ambient temperature. The electrical properties of the new metallomesogens were investigated by variable temperature dielectric spectroscopy over the entire temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase. It was found that the liquid crystal phases favoured anhydrous proton conduction provided by the hydrogen-bonding networks formed by the NH…X moieties (X = halide or oxygen) of the benzoylthiourea ligand in the copper(I) complexes. A proton conductivity of 2.97 × 10-7 S·cm-1 was achieved at 430 K for the chloro-complex and 1.37 × 10-6 S·cm-1 at 440K for the related bromo-complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Cîrcu
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bld., Sector 5, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin P Ganea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihail Secu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Doina Manaila-Maximean
- Department of Physics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Roua Gabriela Popescu
- Asociația Independent Research, 58 Timișului, Sector 1, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu H, Andrew GN, Anumula R, Luo Z. How ligand coordination and superatomic-states accommodate the structure and property of a metal cluster: Cu4(dppy)4Cl2 vs. Cu21(dppy)10 with altered photoluminescence. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
22
|
Yersin H, Czerwieniec R, Monkowius U, Ramazanov R, Valiev R, Shafikov MZ, Kwok WM, Ma C. Intersystem crossing, phosphorescence, and spin-orbit coupling. Two contrasting Cu(I)-TADF dimers investigated by milli- to micro-second phosphorescence, femto-second fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
23
|
Peng LY, Li ZW, Pan GN, Chen WK, Gao YJ, Cui G. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence of a Ir(III) complex: absorption and emission properties, nonradiative rates, and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6454-6460. [PMID: 36779957 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
One recent experimental study reported a Ir(III) complex with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) phenomenon in solution, but its luminescent mechanism is elusive. In this work, we combined density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) and multi-state complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) methods to investigate excited-state properties, photophysics, and emission mechanism of this Ir(III) complex. Two main absorption bands observed in experiments can be attributed to the electronic transition from the S0 state to the S1 and S2 states; while, the fluorescence and phosphorescence are generated from the S1 and T1 states, respectively. Both the S1 and T1 states have clear metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character. The present computational results reveal a three-state model including the S0, S1 and T1 states to rationalize the TADF behavior. The small energy gap between the S1 and T1 states benefits the forward and reverse intersystem crossing (ISC and rISC) processes. At 300 K, the rISC rate is five orders of magnitude larger than the phosphorescence rate therefore enabling TADF. At 77 K, the rISC rate is sharply decreased but remains close to the phosphorescence rate; therefore, in addition to the phosphorescence, the delayed fluorescence could also contribute to the experimental emission. The estimated TADF lifetime agrees well with experiments, 9.80 vs. 6.67 μs, which further verifies this three-state model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guang-Ning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Antolini C, Spellman CD, Otolski CJ, Doumy G, March AM, Walko DA, Liu C, Zhang X, Young BT, Goodwill JE, Hayes D. Photochemical and Photophysical Dynamics of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22514-22527. [PMID: 36454056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ferrate(VI) has the potential to play a key role in future water supplies. Its salts have been suggested as "green" alternatives to current advanced oxidation and disinfection methods in water treatment, especially when combined with ultraviolet light to stimulate generation of highly oxidizing Fe(V) and Fe(IV) species. However, the nature of these intermediates, the mechanisms by which they form, and their roles in downstream oxidation reactions remain unclear. Here, we use a combination of optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies to study the formation, interconversion, and relaxation of several excited-state and metastable high-valent iron species following excitation of aqueous potassium ferrate(VI) by ultraviolet and visible light. Branching from the initially populated ligand-to-metal charge transfer state into independent photophysical and photochemical pathways occurs within tens of picoseconds, with the quantum yield for the generation of reactive Fe(V) species determined by relative rates of the competing intersystem crossing and reverse electron transfer processes. Relaxation of the metal-centered states then occurs within 4 ns, while the formation of metastable Fe(V) species occurs in several steps with time constants of 250 ps and 300 ns. Results here improve the mechanistic understanding of the formation and fate of Fe(V) and Fe(IV), which will accelerate the development of novel advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cali Antolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Charles D Spellman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Donald A Walko
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Benjamin T Young
- Department of Physical Sciences, Rhode Island College, 600 Mt Pleasant Avenue, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, United States
| | - Joseph E Goodwill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Isegawa M. Mechanism of Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by Iron Spin-Crossover Complex with Copper Photosensitizer. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Isegawa
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiang J, Wang LX, Zhang X, Zhu DS, Wang L, Liu LL, Leung CF, Xiang J. Effect of the dangling aromatic ring on neutral luminescent bis(phosphine) Cu(i)/Ag(i) complexes with the asymmetric pyridyl-tetrazolate ligands. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27267-27274. [PMID: 36276005 PMCID: PMC9511692 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of neutral luminescent bis(phosphine) Cu(i) complexes of pyridyl-tetrazolate ligands (L1-L3) with the general formula [CuI(L n )(P^P)] (1-6) were synthesized, which have been well characterized by IR, UV/vis, CV, 1H NMR and 31P NMR. For comparison, an Ag(i) complex [AgI(L2)(PPh3)2] (7) was also synthesized. The crystal structures of 2 and 7 have been further determined by X-ray crystallography. All these Cu(i) compounds show bright luminescence in the solid state with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in the range of 25.8% to 85.0%. More interestingly, the Cu(i) complexes bearing an additional dangling aromatic ring on the diimine ligands exhibit enhanced luminescent performance in various solutions and their PLQYs are significantly higher than those of related Cu(i) complexes without steric protection. Compared with 1, the Cu(i) complexes with an additional dangling tetrazole moiety show a significant solvatochromic effect, which is uncommon for luminescent Cu(i) complexes. Moreover, [CuI(L2)(PPh3)2] (2) was further designed as an OLED material, which showed a high external quantum efficiency of 7.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University Jingzhou 434020 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University Jingzhou 434020 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University Jingzhou 434020 Hubei P. R. China
| | - De-Sheng Zhu
- School of Physic and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University Jingzhou 434020 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Anhui Research Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences Hefei 230071 Anhui P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University Jingzhou 434020 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chi-Fai Leung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Jing Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University Jingzhou 434020 Hubei P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sharma A, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Sun X, Zhang L, Wang B, Lu Y. Engineering the Dynamics and Transport of Excitons, Trions, and Biexcitons in Monolayer WS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41165-41177. [PMID: 36048513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of transport and diffusion dynamics of quasi-particles such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has opened avenues for their application in high-speed excitonic and optoelectronic devices. However, long-range transport and fast diffusion of these quasi-particles have not been reported for 2D systems such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The reported diffusion coefficients from TMDCs are low, limiting their use in high-speed excitonic devices and other optoelectronic applications. Here, we report the highest exciton diffusion coefficient value in monolayer WS2 achieved via engineering the radiative lifetime and diffusion lengths using static back-gate voltage and substrate engineering. Electrostatic doping is observed to modulate the radiative lifetime and in turn the diffusion coefficient of excitons by ∼three times at room temperature. By combining electrostatic doping and substrate engineering, we push the diffusion coefficient to an extremely high value of 86.5 cm2/s, which has not been reported before in TMDCs and is even higher than the values in some 1D systems. At low temperatures, we further report the control of dynamic and spatial diffusion of excitons, trions, and biexcitons from WS2. The electrostatic control of dynamics and transport of these quasi-particles in monolayers establishes monolayer TMDCs as ideal candidates for high-speed excitonic circuits, optoelectronic, and photonic device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Halbich
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Computation and Communication Technology ANU Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ito A, Iwamura M, Sakuda E. Excited-state dynamics of luminescent transition metal complexes with metallophilic and donor–acceptor interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
29
|
Novel Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators for the Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101998. [PMID: 35631880 PMCID: PMC9145974 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of two copper complexes (Cu) bearing pyridine ligands, which were synthesized, evaluated and tested as new visible light photoinitiators for the free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of acrylates functional groups in thick and thin samples upon light-emitting diodes (LED) at 405 and 455 nm irradiation. These latter wavelengths are considered to be safe to produce polymer materials. The photoinitiation abilities of these organometallic compounds were evaluated in combination with an iodonium (Iod) salt and/or amine (e.g., N-phenylglycine—NPG). Interestingly, high final conversions and high polymerization rates were obtained for both compounds using two and three-component photoinitiating systems (Cu1 (or Cu2)/Iodonium salt (Iod) (0.1%/1% w/w) and Cu1 (or Cu2)/Iod/amine (0.1%/1%/1% w/w/w)). The new proposed copper complexes were also used for direct laser write experiments involving a laser diode at 405 nm, and for the photocomposite synthesis with glass fibers using a UV-conveyor at 395 nm. To explain the obtained polymerization results, different methods and characterization techniques were used: steady-state photolysis, real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR), emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Collapse
|
30
|
Housecroft CE, Constable EC. TADF: Enabling luminescent copper(i) coordination compounds for light-emitting electrochemical cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:4456-4482. [PMID: 35433007 PMCID: PMC8944257 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc04028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a surge of interest in the emissive behaviour of copper(i) coordination compounds, both neutral compounds that may have applications in organic light-emitting doides (OLEDs) and copper-based ionic transition metal complexes (Cu-iTMCs) with potential use in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). One of the most exciting features of copper(i) coordination compounds is their possibility to exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in which the energy separation of the excited singlet (S1) and excited triplet (T1) states is very small, permitting intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to occur at room temperature without the requirement for the large spin-orbit coupling inferred by the presence of a heavy metal such as iridium. In this review, we focus mainly in Cu-iTMCs, and illustrate how the field of luminescent compounds and those exhibiting TADF has developed. Copper(i) coordination compounds that class as Cu-iTMCs include those containing four-coordinate [Cu(P^P)(N^N)]+ (P^P = large-bite angle bisphosphane, and N^N is typically a diimine), [Cu(P)2(N^N)]+ (P = monodentate phosphane ligand), [Cu(P)(tripodal-N3)]+, [Cu(P)(N^N)(N)]+ (N = monodentate N-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(N^S)]+ (N^S = chelating N,S-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(P^S)]+ (P^S = chelating P,S-donor ligand), [Cu(P^P)(NHC)]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) coordination domains, dinuclear complexes with P^P and N^N ligands, three-coordinate [Cu(N^N)(NHC)]+ and two-coordinate [Cu(N)(NHC)]+ complexes. We pay particular attention to solid-state structural features, e.g. π-stacking interactions and other inter-ligand interactions, which may impact on photoluminescence quantum yields. Where emissive Cu-iTMCs have been tested in LECs, we detail the device architectures, and this emphasizes differences which make it difficult to compare LEC performances from different investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058-Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058-Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
NAST: Nonadiabatic Statistical Theory Package for Predicting Kinetics of Spin-Dependent Processes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:15. [PMID: 35201520 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a nonadiabatic statistical theory (NAST) package for predicting kinetics of spin-dependent processes, such as intersystem crossings, spin-forbidden unimolecular reactions, and spin crossovers. The NAST package can calculate the probabilities and rates of transitions between the electronic states of different spin multiplicities. Both the microcanonical (energy-dependent) and canonical (temperature-dependent) rate constants can be obtained. Quantum effects, including tunneling, zero-point vibrational energy, and reaction path interference, can be accounted for. In the limit of an adiabatic unimolecular reaction proceeding on a single electronic state, NAST reduces to the traditional transition state theory. Because NAST requires molecular properties at only a few points on potential energy surfaces, it can be applied to large molecular systems, used with accurate high-level electronic structure methods, and employed to study slow nonadiabatic processes. The essential NAST input data include the nuclear Hessian at the reactant minimum, as well as the nuclear Hessians, energy gradients, and spin-orbit coupling at the minimum energy crossing point (MECP) between two states. The additional computational tools included in the NAST package can be used to extract the required input data from the output files of electronic structure packages, calculate the effective Hessian at the MECP, and fit the reaction coordinate for more advanced NAST calculations. We describe the theory, its implementation, and three examples of application to different molecular systems.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang MM, Dong XY, Wang YJ, Zang SQ, Mak TC. Recent progress in functional atom-precise coinage metal clusters protected by alkynyl ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
33
|
Wang M, Chang M, Li C, Chen Q, Hou Z, Xing B, Lin J. Tumor-Microenvironment-Activated Reactive Oxygen Species Amplifier for Enzymatic Cascade Cancer Starvation/Chemodynamic /Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106010. [PMID: 34699627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
At present, some progress has been made in the field of cancer theranostics based on nanocatalysts (NCs), but achieving precise theranostics in response to the specific tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major challenge. Herein, a TME-responsive upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-based smart UCNPs@Cu-Cys-GOx (UCCG) nanosystem is engineered, which combines natural enzymes and nanozymes so as to amplify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in situ for cancer starvation/chemodynamic/immunotherapy. One of the biggest merits of this material is that it can be preserved inert (off) in normal tissues, and only in the TME can it be specifically activated (on) through a series of enzymatic cascades to boost ROS production via a strategy of open source (H2 O2 self-supplying ability) and reduce expenditure (glutathione (GSH) consuming ability). More importantly, the enhanced oxidative stress by UCCG NCs reverses the immunosuppressive TME, and facilitates antitumor immune responses. Meanwhile, the starvation/chemodynamic synergistic therapy triggered by UCCG combined with PD-L1 antibody effectively inhibits the growth of primary tumors and cancer metastasis. In addition, the UCNPs in UCCG present upconversion luminescence enhancement, which can be exploited to visualize the reinforced ROS generation in real time. Collectively, this work provides an original method for the devising and exploitation of UCNPs-based catalytic immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyao Hou
- Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Grupe M, Boden P, Di Martino‐Fumo P, Gui X, Bruschi C, Israil R, Schmitt M, Nieger M, Gerhards M, Klopper W, Riehn C, Bizzarri C, Diller R. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure of Mono-and Dinuclear Pyridyl-Triazole/DPEPhos-Based Cu(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15251-15270. [PMID: 34550622 PMCID: PMC8597052 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of the mononuclear photosensitizers [(DPEPhos)Cu(I)(MPyrT)]0/+ (CuL, CuLH) and their dinuclear analogues (Cu2 L', Cu2 L'H2 ), backed by (TD)DFT and high-level GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, exemplifies the complex influence of charge, nuclearity and structural flexibility on UV-induced photophysical pathways. Ultrafast transient absorption and step-scan FTIR spectroscopy reveal flattening distortion in the triplet state of CuLH as controlled by charge, which also appears to have a large impact on the symmetry of the long-lived triplet states in Cu2 L' and Cu2 L'H2 . Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (solid state), supported by transient photodissociation spectroscopy (gas phase), confirm a lifetime of some tens of μs for the respective triplet states, as well as the energetics of thermally activated delayed luminescence, both being essential parameters for application of these materials based on earth-abundant copper in photocatalysis and luminescent devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merten Grupe
- Department of PhysicsTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Patrick Di Martino‐Fumo
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Cecilia Bruschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roumany Israil
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Marcel Schmitt
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christoph Riehn
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of PhysicsTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li M, Cheng Z, Wang X, Yu Z, Zhou M, Miao H, Zhaxi W, Huang W, Ma X, Chen Q, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Wu D. Negative/Zero Thermal Quenching of Luminescence via Electronic Structural Transition in Copper-Iodide Cluster-Based Coordination Networks. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8237-8245. [PMID: 34423984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) intensity in organic or metal-organic emitters usually suffers from thermal quenching (TQ), which severely hinders their industrial applications. The development of negative thermal quenching (NTQ) and/or zero thermal quenching (ZTQ) materials depends on a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning TQ in luminescent solids. In this work, we investigated the temperature dependence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in copper(I)-organic coordination polymers (CP) ligated with an imidazole or triazole derivative over a broad temperature range. The efficient PL emission of CP1 is heavily quenched as the crystalline samples are cooled to 77 K; the PL intensity shows the NTQ effect in the region of 77-238 K followed by a ZTQ effect in the temperature range of 238-318 K. No NTQ or ZTQ effect is observed for reference coordination polymer CP2, where the 1,2,4-triazole group was used instead of the imidazole one. Our work highlights the important role of the ligand's electronic structure in optimizing photophysical properties of coordination polymer emitters and may stimulate new efforts to design luminescent materials exhibiting NTQ and ZTQ effect at higher temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zongsu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Mingren Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Huixian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Zhaxi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Au-Yeung CC, Li LK, Tang MC, Lai SL, Cheung WL, Ng M, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Molecular design of efficient yellow- to red-emissive alkynylgold(iii) complexes for the realization of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and their applications in solution-processed organic light-emitting devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9516-9527. [PMID: 34349927 PMCID: PMC8278967 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the design and synthesis of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which show tunable emission colors spanning from the yellow to red region in the solid state and exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties. These complexes display high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.87 and short excited-state lifetimes in sub-microsecond timescales, yielding high radiative decay rate constants on the order of up to 106 s−1. The observation of the drastic enhancement in the emission intensity of the complexes with insignificant change in the excited-state lifetime upon increasing the temperature from 200 to 360 K indicates an increasing radiative decay rate. The experimentally estimated energy splitting between the lowest-lying singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest-lying triplet excited state (T1), ΔES1–T1, is found to be as small as ∼0.03 eV (250 cm−1), comparable to the value of ∼0.05 eV (435 cm−1) obtained from computational studies. The delicate choice of the cyclometalating ligand and the fused heterocyclic ligand is deemed the key to induce TADF through the control of the energy levels of the intraligand and the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excited states. This work represents the realization of highly emissive yellow- to red-emitting gold(iii) TADF complexes incorporated with fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands and their applications in organic light-emitting devices. We report the design of a new class of fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes, which shows tunable emission colors spanning yellow to red region and exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathay Chai Au-Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Lok-Kwan Li
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Shiu-Lun Lai
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Wai-Lung Cheung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Mei-Yee Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China +86-852-2857-1586 +86-852-2859-2153
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li ZW, Peng LY, Song XF, Chen WK, Gao YJ, Fang WH, Cui G. Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in the Pd Complex: Mechanism and Dual Upconversion Channels. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5944-5950. [PMID: 34156849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Pd complex PdN3N exhibits an unusual dual emission of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), but the mechanism is elusive. Herein, we employed both density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods to explore excited-state properties of this Pd complex, which shows that the S0, S1, T1, and T2 states are involved in the luminescence. Both the S1 → T1 and S1 → T2 intersystem crossing (ISC) processes are more efficient than the S1 fluorescence and insensitive to temperature. However, the direct T1 → S1 and T2-mediated T1 → T2 → S1 reverse ISC (rISC) processes change remarkably with temperature. At 300 K, these two processes are more efficient than the T1 phosphorescence and therefore enable TADF. Importantly, the T1 → S1 rISC and T1 phosphorescence rates are comparable at 300 K, which leads to dual emissions of TADF and RTP, whereas these two channels become blocked at 100 K so that only the T1 phosphorescence is recorded experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lebedkin S, Weigend F, Eichhöfer A. Near-Infrared Luminescence in Trinuclear Mixed-Metal Chalcogenolate Complexes of the Types [M 2Ti(EPh) 6(PPh 3) 2] (M = Cu, Ag; E = S, Se) and [Na(thf) 3] 2[Ti(SPh) 6]. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8936-8945. [PMID: 34110815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optical properties of four new trinuclear chalcogenolato bridged metal complexes [Ag2Ti(SPh)6(PPh3)2], [Na(thf)3]2[Ti(SPh)6], [Cu2Ti(SePh)6(PPh3)2], and [Ag2Ti(SePh)6(PPh3)2] have been investigated by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations and compared to the results published recently for [Cu2Ti(SPh)6(PPh3)2]. All of these compounds are distinguished by efficient near-infrared luminescence at ∼880-1200 nm in the solid state at low temperatures, which remains quite intense for the copper-titanium complexes at ambient temperature with PL quantum yields of 9.5 and 4.8% at λPL = 1090 and 1240 nm for [Cu2Ti(EPh)6(PPh3)2], E = S, Se, respectively. According to the calculations, a peculiar feature of the lowest-energy electronic transitions in these complexes is their high localization on the metal and chalcogen atoms, with negligible contributions of the "external" ligand groups. Correspondingly, the type of atoms in the M2TiE6 (M = Cu, Ag, Na) core structure determines optical properties such as the absorption and emission wavelengths and PL lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Lebedkin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dou S, Xiao L, Li F, Zhang Y, Lu X, Yang J, Yang J, Wu M, Niu Z, Li G. Three Luminescent Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes with P˄N Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, DFT Calculations and AIE Behavior. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Bin Dou
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Yi‐Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Xue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Jian‐Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Zhi‐Gang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Light Energy Conversion Materials of Haikou City Haikou 571158 China
| | - Gao‐Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Light Energy Conversion Materials of Haikou City Haikou 571158 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
P∩N Bridged Cu(I) Dimers Featuring Both TADF and Phosphorescence. From Overview towards Detailed Case Study of the Excited Singlet and Triplet States. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113415. [PMID: 34200044 PMCID: PMC8200198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an overview over eight brightly luminescent Cu(I) dimers of the type Cu2X2(P∩N)3 with X = Cl, Br, I and P∩N = 2-diphenylphosphino-pyridine (Ph2Ppy), 2-diphenylphosphino-pyrimidine (Ph2Ppym), 1-diphenylphosphino-isoquinoline (Ph2Piqn) including three new crystal structures (Cu2Br2(Ph2Ppy)3 1-Br, Cu2I2(Ph2Ppym)3 2-I and Cu2I2(Ph2Piqn)3 3-I). However, we mainly focus on their photo-luminescence properties. All compounds exhibit combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence at ambient temperature. Emission color, decay time and quantum yield vary over large ranges. For deeper characterization, we select Cu2I2(Ph2Ppy)3, 1-I, showing a quantum yield of 81%. DFT and SOC-TDDFT calculations provide insight into the electronic structures of the singlet S1 and triplet T1 states. Both stem from metal+iodide-to-ligand charge transfer transitions. Evaluation of the emission decay dynamics, measured from 1.2 ≤ T ≤ 300 K, gives ∆E(S1-T1) = 380 cm−1 (47 meV), a transition rate of k(S1→S0) = 2.25 × 106 s−1 (445 ns), T1 zero-field splittings, transition rates from the triplet substates and spin-lattice relaxation times. We also discuss the interplay of S1-TADF and T1-phosphorescence. The combined emission paths shorten the overall decay time. For OLED applications, utilization of both singlet and triplet harvesting can be highly favorable for improvement of the device performance.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yonemoto DT, Papa CM, Sheykhi S, Castellano FN. Controlling Thermally Activated Delayed Photoluminescence in CdSe Quantum Dots through Triplet Acceptor Surface Coverage. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3718-3723. [PMID: 33835808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-dot/molecule composites (QD/mol) have demonstrated useful photochemical properties for many photonic and optoelectronic applications; however, a comprehensive understanding of these materials remains elusive. This work introduces a series of cadmium(II) selenide/1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (CdSe/PCA) nanomaterials featuring bespoke PCA surface coverage on CdSe585 (coded by the peak of the first exciton absorption band) to glean insight into the QD/mol photophysical behavior. Tailoring the energy gap between the CdSe585 first exciton band (2.1 eV) and the lowest PCA triplet level (T1 = 2.0 eV) to be nearly isoenergetic, strong thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) is observed resulting from reverse triplet-triplet energy transfer. The resultant average decay time constant (τobs) of the photoluminescence emanating from CdSe585 is deterministically controlled with surface-bound PCAn chromophores (n = average number of adsorbed PCA molecules) by shifting the triplet excited state equilibrium from the CdSe585 to the PCA molecular triplet reservoir as a function of n.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Yonemoto
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christopher M Papa
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Sara Sheykhi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun P, Jia L, Hai J, Lu S, Chen F, Liang K, Sun S, Liu H, Fu X, Zhu Y, Wang B. Tumor Microenvironment-"AND" Near-Infrared Light-Activated Coordination Polymer Nanoprodrug for On-Demand CO-Sensitized Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001728. [PMID: 33305535 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as an emerging treatment holds great promise for inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells. Here coordination assembled strategy is first reported for synthesis of Cu(II)-flavone coordination polymer (NCu-FleCP) CO nanoprodrug that is stable in normal physiological conditions, and yet readily reduces to small size prodrug complex and releases CO on demand under glutathione (GSH) and near infrared (NIR) light. Specifically, after uptaking by cancer cells, local GSH attacked coordination bond within NCu-FleCP, resulting in the release of Cu(I) and free Fle. The CC bond of Fle is cleavage under NIR light to release CO for gas therapy, and Cu(I) reacts with local H2 O2 through Fenton like reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals (• OH) for chemodynamic therapy. Detailed in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the CO prodrug system in generating a sufficient quantity of CO and • OH offers remarkable destructive effects against cancer cells without causing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. The study provides a solid foundation to develop smart coordination polymer CO prodrugs with on-demand CO release, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and biodegradability for multimodal synergistic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xu Fu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen C, Cheng J, Ding W, Lin Z, Chen Y, Chiu T, Lo Y, Lee J, Wong K. New carboline‐based donors for green exciplex‐forming systems. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ju‐Ting Cheng
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Cheng Ding
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Zong‐Liang Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Lung Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Chih Lo
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiun‐Haw Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ken‐Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Song Y, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu X, Li H, Wang H, Shen Y, Zhu M, Jin R. Ultrabright Au@Cu 14 nanoclusters: 71.3% phosphorescence quantum yield in non-degassed solution at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabd2091. [PMID: 33523969 PMCID: PMC7787487 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence of metal nanoclusters is typically low, and phosphorescence emission is rare due to ultrafast free-electron dynamics and quenching by phonons. Here, we report an electronic engineering approach to achieving very high phosphorescence (quantum yield 71.3%) from a [Au@Cu14(SPh t Bu)12(PPh(C2H4CN)2)6]+ nanocluster (abbreviated Au@Cu 14 ) in non-degassed solution at room temperature. The structure of Au@Cu 14 has a single-Au-atom kernel, which is encapsulated by a rigid Cu(I) complex cage. This core-shell structure leads to highly efficient singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing and suppression of nonradiative energy loss. Unlike the phosphorescent organic materials and organometallic complexes-which require de-aerated conditions due to severe quenching by air (i.e., O2)-the phosphorescence from Au@Cu 14 is much less sensitive to air, which is important for lighting and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Yuhua Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lüdtke N, Föller J, Marian CM. Understanding the luminescence properties of Cu(i) complexes: a quantum chemical perusal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23530-23544. [PMID: 33074271 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structures and excited-state properties of Cu(i) complexes with varying coordination numbers have been investigated by means of advanced quantum chemical methods. The computational protocol employs density functional-based methods for geometry optimizations and vibrational analyses including solvent effects through continuum models. Excitation energies, spin-orbit couplings and luminescence properties are evaluated using multireference configuration interaction methods. Rate constants of spin-allowed and spin-forbidden transitions have been determined according to the Fermi golden rule. The computational results for the 4-coordinate (DPEPhos)Cu(PyrTet), the 3-coordinate [IPr-Cu-Py2]+, and the linear CAACMe2-Cu-Cl complexes agree well with experimental absorption and emission wavelengths, intersystem crossing (ISC) time constants, and radiative lifetimes in liquid solution. Spectral shifts on the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions caused by the polarity of the environment are well represented by the continuum models whereas the shifts caused by pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortions in the MLCT states are too pronounced in comparison to solid-state data. Systematic variation of the ligands in linear Cu(i) carbene complexes shows that only those complexes with S1 and T1 states of LLCT character possess sufficiently small singlet-triplet energy gaps ΔEST to enable thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Complexes whose S1 and T1 wavefunctions are dominated by MLCT excitations tend to emit phosphorescence instead. Unlike the situation in metal-free TADF emitters, the presence of low-lying locally excited triplet states does not promote ISC. These states rather hold the danger of trapping the excitation with nonradiative deactivation being the major deactivation channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lüdtke
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jelena Föller
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Grupe M, Bäppler F, Theiß M, Busch JM, Dietrich F, Volz D, Gerhards M, Bräse S, Diller R. Real-time observation of molecular flattening and intersystem crossing in [(DPEPhos)Cu(i)(PyrTet)] via ultrafast UV/Vis- and mid-IR spectroscopy on solution and solid samples. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14187-14200. [PMID: 32609106 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary photo-induced processes in the mononuclear, heteroleptic Cu(i) complex [(DPEPhos)Cu(PyrTet)] (1), relevant for OLED applications, were investigated in various solvents and in solid state samples via femtosecond (fs) time resolved UV/Vis and fs time resolved mid-IR transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) with MLCT excitation around 340 nm. UV/Vis fs-TA on 1 in solution reveals (i) a severe blue-shift of excited state absorption on the time scale of a few picoseconds (τ2) that is not observed in solids, and (ii), on the time scale of several tens of picoseconds (τ3), a process with very similar dynamics in all samples. Mid-IR fs-TA in solution indicates structural changes with τ2. Transient absorption anisotropy experiments temporally resolve a viscosity-dependent change of the excited state transition dipole moment orientation with τ2, as quantitatively predicted for the relaxed S1-state via TD-DFT. The results strongly suggest flattening distortion (FD) and structural rearrangement of the PyrTet-moiety to occur on the time scale of τ2 in liquid phase, and to be suppressed in solid phase. Moreover, intersystem crossing (ISC) is assigned to the process described by τ3, in line with its direct observation via time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy on 1 by Bergmann et al. (Sci. Adv., 2016, 2, e1500889). Overall, the use of structure-sensitive methods and the direct comparison of different preparations of 1 (i.e. solution vs. solid state), are a unique basis for a clear assignment of spectro-temporal characteristics to fundamental deactivation processes such as FD and ISC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merten Grupe
- Physics Department, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sharma A, Zhang L, Tollerud JO, Dong M, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Vogl T, Liang K, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Sanwlani S, Earl SK, Macdonald D, Lam PK, Davis JA, Lu Y. Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32655861 PMCID: PMC7338549 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.9 cm2/s at room temperature. This value is one to several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for other organic molecular aggregates and low-dimensional inorganic materials. Without coupling to any optical cavities, the monolayer pentacene sample, a very clean 2D quantum system (~1.2 nm thick) with high crystallinity (J-type aggregation) and minimal interfacial states, showed superradiant emission from Frenkel excitons, which was experimentally confirmed by the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission, highly enhanced radiative decay rate, significantly narrowed PL peak width and strongly directional in-plane emission. The coherence in monolayer pentacene samples was observed to be delocalised over ~135 molecules, which is significantly larger than the values (a few molecules) observed for other organic thin films. In addition, the supertransport of excitons in monolayer pentacene samples showed highly anisotropic behaviour. Our results pave the way for the development of future high-speed excitonic circuits, fast OLEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jonathan O. Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Miheng Dong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Halbich
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kun Liang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shilpa Sanwlani
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deng Q, Zhu Z, Shu X. Auto-Phase-Locked Time-Resolved Luminescence Detection: Principles, Applications, and Prospects. Front Chem 2020; 8:562. [PMID: 32695750 PMCID: PMC7339960 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved luminescence measurement is a useful technique which can eliminate the background signals from scattering and short-lived autofluorescence. However, the relative instruments always require pulsed excitation sources and high-speed detectors. Moreover, the excitation and detecting shutter should be precisely synchronized by electronic phase matching circuitry, leading to expensiveness and high-complexity. To make time-resolved luminescence instruments simple and cheap, the automatic synchronization method was developed by using a mechanical chopper acted as both of the pulse generator and detection shutter. Therefore, the excitation and detection can be synchronized and locked automatically as the optical paths fixed. In this paper, we first introduced the time-resolved luminescence measurements and review the progress and current state of this field. Then, we discussed low-cost time-resolved techniques, especially chopper-based time-resolved luminescence detections. After that, we focused on auto-phase-locked method and some of its meaningful applications, such as time-gated luminescence imaging, spectrometer, and luminescence lifetime detection. Finally, we concluded with a brief outlook for auto-phase-locked time-resolved luminescence detection systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zece Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Shu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vázquez RJ, Yun JH, Muthike AK, Howell M, Kim H, Madu IK, Kim T, Zimmerman P, Lee JY, III TG. New Direct Approach for Determining the Reverse Intersystem Crossing Rate in Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent (TADF) Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8074-8079. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Javier Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ju Hui Yun
- School of Chemical and Engineering, Sunkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-740, Republic of Korea
| | - Angelar K. Muthike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeleine Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ifeanyi K. Madu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Taesu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical and Engineering, Sunkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-740, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodore Goodson III
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li TY, Muthiah Ravinson DS, Haiges R, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Enhancement of the Luminescent Efficiency in Carbene-Au(I)-Aryl Complexes by the Restriction of Renner–Teller Distortion and Bond Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6158-6172. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|