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Liu X, Gong Y, Jiang Z, Stevens T, Li W. Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays for closed-loop brain-machine interfaces: a review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1348434. [PMID: 38686330 PMCID: PMC11057246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEAs) are emerging as a key component in closed-loop brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), providing high-resolution functionality for recording, stimulation, or both. The flexibility of these arrays provides advantages over rigid ones, such as reduced mismatch between interface and tissue, resilience to micromotion, and sustained long-term performance. This review summarizes the recent developments and applications of flexible HDMEAs in closed-loop BMI systems. It delves into the various challenges encountered in the development of ideal flexible HDMEAs for closed-loop BMI systems and highlights the latest methodologies and breakthroughs to address these challenges. These insights could be instrumental in guiding the creation of future generations of flexible HDMEAs, specifically tailored for use in closed-loop BMIs. The review thoroughly explores both the current state and prospects of these advanced arrays, emphasizing their potential in enhancing BMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zebin Jiang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Trevor Stevens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wen Li
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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2
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Zhang H, Shao Y, Xia R, Chen G, Xiang X, Yu Y. Stretchable Electrodes with Interfacial Percolation Network. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401550. [PMID: 38591837 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electrodes are an essential component that determines the functionality and reliability of stretchable electronics, but face the challenge of balancing conductivity and stretchability. This work proposes a new conducting concept called the interfacial percolation network (PN) that results in stretchable electrodes with high conductivity, large stretchability, and high stability. The interfacial PN is composed of a 2D silver nanowires (AgNWs) PN and a protruding 3D AgNWs PN embedded on the surface and in the near-surface region of an elastic polymer matrix, respectively. The protruded PN is obtained by changing the arrangements of AgNWs from horizontal to quasi-vertical through introducing foreign polymer domains in the near-surface region of the polymer matrix. The resulting electrode achieves a conductivity of 13 500 S cm-1 and a stretchability of 660%. Its resistance changes under stretched conditions are orders of magnitude lower than those of conventional 2D PN and 2D + 3D PN. An interfacial PN electrode made from liquid metal remained its conductivity at 46 750 S cm-1 after the electrode underwent multiple stretch-release cycles with a deformation of >600%. The concept of interfacial PN provides fruitful implications for the design of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Xiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanhao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Fang Y, Wang T, Gu Y, Yang M, Li H, Shi S, Zhao X, Huo Y. Size Effects of Au/Ni-Coated Polymer Particles on the Electrical Performance of Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive Films under Flexible Mechanical Conditions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1658. [PMID: 38612171 PMCID: PMC11012521 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In soft electronics, anisotropic conductive adhesive films (ACFs) are the trending interconnecting approach due to their substantial softness and superior bondability to flexible substrates. However, low bonding pressure (≤1 MPa) and fine-pitch interconnections of ACFs become challenging while being extended in advanced device developments such as wafer-level packaging and three-dimensional multi-layer integrated circuit board assembly. To overcome these difficulties, we studied two types of ACFs with distinct conductive filler sizes (ACF-1: ~20 μm and ACF-2: ~5 μm). We demonstrated a low-pressure thermo-compression bonding technique and investigated the size effect of conductive particles on ACF's mechanical properties in a customized testing device, which consists of flexible printing circuits and Flex on Flex assemblies. A consistency of low interconnection resistance (<1 Ω) after mechanical stress (cycling bending test up to 600 cycles) verifies the assembly's outstanding electrical reliability and mechanical stability and thus validates the great effectiveness of the ACF bonding technique. Additionally, in numerical studies using the finite element method, we developed a generic model to disclose the size effect of Au/Ni-coated polymer fillers in ACF on device reliability under mechanical stress. For the first time, we confirmed that ACFs with smaller filler particles are more prone to coating fracture, leading to deteriorated electrical interconnections, and are more likely to peel off from substrate electrode pads resulting in electrical faults. This study provides guides for ACF design and manufacturing and would facilitate the advancement of soft wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexing Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Taiyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mingkun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sujun Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuchen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongjun Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Xiang Z, Wang H, Zhao P, Fa X, Wan J, Wang Y, Xu C, Yao S, Zhao W, Zhang H, Han M. Hard Magnetic Graphene Nanocomposite for Multimodal, Reconfigurable Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308575. [PMID: 38153331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Soft electronics provide effective means for continuous monitoring of a diverse set of biophysical and biochemical signals from the human body. However, the sensitivities, functions, spatial distributions, and many other features of such sensors remain fixed after deployment and cannot be adjusted on demand. Here, laser-induced porous graphene is exploited as the sensing material, and dope it with permanent magnetic particles to create hard magnetic graphene nanocomposite (HMGN) that can self-assemble onto a flexible carrying substrate through magnetic force, in a reversible and reconfigurable manner. A set of soft electronics in HMGN exhibits enhanced performances in the measurements of electrophysiological signals, temperature, and concentrations of metabolites. All these flexible HMGN sensors can adhere to a carrying substrate at any position and in any spatial arrangement, to allow for wearable sensing with customizable sensitivity, modality, and spatial coverage. The HMGN represents a promising material for constructing soft electronics that can be reconfigured for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haobin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinying Fa
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ji Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaozheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shenglian Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengdi Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Li H, Tan P, Rao Y, Bhattacharya S, Wang Z, Kim S, Gangopadhyay S, Shi H, Jankovic M, Huh H, Li Z, Maharjan P, Wells J, Jeong H, Jia Y, Lu N. E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3220-3283. [PMID: 38465831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The human body continuously emits physiological and psychological information from head to toe. Wearable electronics capable of noninvasively and accurately digitizing this information without compromising user comfort or mobility have the potential to revolutionize telemedicine, mobile health, and both human-machine or human-metaverse interactions. However, state-of-the-art wearable electronics face limitations regarding wearability and functionality due to the mechanical incompatibility between conventional rigid, planar electronics and soft, curvy human skin surfaces. E-Tattoos, a unique type of wearable electronics, are defined by their ultrathin and skin-soft characteristics, which enable noninvasive and comfortable lamination on human skin surfaces without causing obstruction or even mechanical perception. This review article offers an exhaustive exploration of e-tattoos, accounting for their materials, structures, manufacturing processes, properties, functionalities, applications, and remaining challenges. We begin by summarizing the properties of human skin and their effects on signal transmission across the e-tattoo-skin interface. Following this is a discussion of the materials, structural designs, manufacturing, and skin attachment processes of e-tattoos. We classify e-tattoo functionalities into electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical sensing, as well as wound healing and other treatments. After discussing energy harvesting and storage capabilities, we outline strategies for the system integration of wireless e-tattoos. In the end, we offer personal perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbian Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarnab Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zheliang Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sangjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Susmita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matija Jankovic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Heeyong Huh
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengjie Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pukar Maharjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaoyao Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Cao J, Liu X, Qiu J, Yue Z, Li Y, Xu Q, Chen Y, Chen J, Cheng H, Xing G, Song E, Wang M, Liu Q, Liu M. Anti-friction gold-based stretchable electronics enabled by interfacial diffusion-induced cohesion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1116. [PMID: 38321072 PMCID: PMC10847152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronics that prevalently adopt chemically inert metals as sensing layers and interconnect wires have enabled high-fidelity signal acquisition for on-skin applications. However, the weak interfacial interaction between inert metals and elastomers limit the tolerance of the device to external friction interferences. Here, we report an interfacial diffusion-induced cohesion strategy that utilizes hydrophilic polyurethane to wet gold (Au) grains and render them wrapped by strong hydrogen bonding, resulting in a high interfacial binding strength of 1017.6 N/m. By further constructing a nanoscale rough configuration of the polyurethane (RPU), the binding strength of Au-RPU device increases to 1243.4 N/m, which is 100 and 4 times higher than that of conventional polydimethylsiloxane and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene-based devices, respectively. The stretchable Au-RPU device can remain good electrical conductivity after 1022 frictions at 130 kPa pressure, and reliably record high-fidelity electrophysiological signals. Furthermore, an anti-friction pressure sensor array is constructed based on Au-RPU interconnect wires, demonstrating a superior mechanical durability for concentrated large pressure acquisition. This chemical modification-free approach of interfacial strengthening for chemically inert metal-based stretchable electronics is promising for three-dimensional integration and on-chip interconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhifei Yue
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Li
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongfei Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Enming Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
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Ai L, Lin W, Cao C, Li P, Wang X, Lv D, Li X, Yang Z, Yao X. Tough soldering for stretchable electronics by small-molecule modulated interfacial assemblies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7723. [PMID: 38001116 PMCID: PMC10673831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid-developing soft robots and wearable devices require flexible conductive materials to maintain electric functions over a large range of deformations. Considerable efforts are made to develop stretchable conductive materials; little attention is paid to the frequent failures of integrated circuits caused by the interface mismatch of soft substrates and rigid silicon-based microelectronics. Here, we present a stretchable solder with good weldability that can strongly bond with electronic components, benefiting from the hierarchical assemblies of liquid metal particles, small-molecule modulators, and non-covalently crosslinked polymer matrix. Our self-solder shows high conductivity (>2×105 S m-1), extreme stretchability (~1000%, and >600% with chip-integrated), and high toughness (~20 MJ m-3). Additionally, the dynamic interactions within our solder's surface and interior enable a range of unique features, including ease of integration, component substitution, and circuit recyclability. With all these features, we demonstrated an application as thermoforming technology for three-dimensional (3D) conformable electronics, showing potential in reducing the complexity of microchip interfacing, as well as scalable fabrication of chip-integrated stretchable circuits and 3D electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weikang Lin
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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8
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Fallegger F, Trouillet A, Coen FV, Schiavone G, Lacour SP. A low-profile electromechanical packaging system for soft-to-flexible bioelectronic interfaces. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036109. [PMID: 37600068 PMCID: PMC10439817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacing the human body with the next generation of electronics requires technological advancement in designing and producing bioelectronic circuits. These circuits must integrate electrical functionality while simultaneously addressing limitations in mechanical compliance and dynamics, biocompatibility, and consistent, scalable manufacturing. The combination of mechanically disparate materials ranging from elastomers to inorganic crystalline semiconductors calls for modular designs with reliable and scalable electromechanical connectors. Here, we report on a novel interconnection solution for soft-to-flexible bioelectronic interfaces using a patterned and machined flexible printed circuit board, which we term FlexComb, interfaced with soft transducing systems. Using a simple assembly process, arrays of protruding "fingers" bearing individual electrical terminals are laser-machined on a standard flexible printed circuit board to create a comb-like structure, namely, the FlexComb. A matching pattern is also machined in the soft system to host and interlock electromechanically the FlexComb connections via a soft electrically conducting composite. We examine the electrical and electromechanical properties of the interconnection and demonstrate the versatility and scalability of the method through various customized submillimetric designs. In a pilot in vivo study, we validate the stability and compatibility of the FlexComb technology in a subdural electrocorticography system implanted for 6 months on the auditory cortex of a minipig. The FlexComb provides a reliable and simple technique to bond and connect soft transducing systems with flexible or rigid electronic boards, which should find many implementations in soft robotics and wearable and implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fallegger
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alix Trouillet
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florent-Valéry Coen
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stéphanie P. Lacour
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Gao Y, Zhang H, Song B, Zhao C, Lu Q. Electric Double Layer Based Epidermal Electronics for Healthcare and Human-Machine Interface. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 37622873 PMCID: PMC10452760 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal electronics, an emerging interdisciplinary field, is advancing the development of flexible devices that can seamlessly integrate with the skin. These devices, especially Electric Double Layer (EDL)-based sensors, overcome the limitations of conventional electronic devices, offering high sensitivity, rapid response, and excellent stability. Especially, Electric Double Layer (EDL)-based epidermal sensors show great potential in the application of wearable electronics to detect biological signals due to their high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent stability. The advantages can be attributed to the biocompatibility of the materials, the flexibility of the devices, and the large capacitance due to the EDL effect. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of EDL epidermal electronics as wearable sensors for health monitoring and wound healing. These devices can analyze various biofluids, offering real-time feedback on parameters like pH, temperature, glucose, lactate, and oxygen levels, which aids in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Beyond healthcare, we explore the role of EDL epidermal electronics in human-machine interaction, particularly their application in prosthetics and pressure-sensing robots. By mimicking the flexibility and sensitivity of human skin, these devices enhance the functionality and user experience of these systems. This review summarizes the latest advancements in EDL-based epidermal electronic devices, offering a perspective for future research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of CHIPS, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang 215488, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Hanchu Zhang
- School of CHIPS, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang 215488, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Bowen Song
- School of CHIPS, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang 215488, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Chun Zhao
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Qifeng Lu
- School of CHIPS, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Taicang Avenue, Taicang 215488, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (B.S.)
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10
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Oh B, Lim YS, Ko KW, Seo H, Kim DJ, Kong D, You JM, Kim H, Kim TS, Park S, Kwon DS, Na JC, Han WK, Park SM, Park S. Ultra-soft and highly stretchable tissue-adhesive hydrogel based multifunctional implantable sensor for monitoring of overactive bladder. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115060. [PMID: 36701947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly stretchable and tissue-adhesive multifunctional sensor based on structurally engineered islets embedded in ultra-soft hydrogel is reported for monitoring of bladder activity in overactive bladder (OAB) induced rat and anesthetized pig. The use of hydrogel yielded a much lower sensor modulus (1 kPa) compared to that of the bladder (300 kPa), while the strong adhesiveness of the hydrogel (adhesive strength: 260.86 N/m) allowed firm attachment onto the bladder. The change in resistance of printed liquid metal particle thin-film lines under strain were used to detect bladder inflation and deflation; due to the high stretchability and reliability of the lines, surface strains of 200% could be measured repeatedly. Au electrodes coated with Platinum black were used to detect electromyography (EMG). These electrodes were placed on structurally engineered rigid islets so that no interfacial fracture occurs under high strains associated with bladder expansion. On the OAB induced rat, stronger signals (change in resistance and EMG root-mean-square) were detected near intra-bladder pressure maxima, thus showing correlation to bladder activity. Moreover, using robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the sensor was placed onto the bladder of an anesthetized pig. Under voiding and filling, bladder strain and EMG were once again monitored. These results confirm that our proposed sensor is a highly feasible, clinically relevant implantable device for continuous monitoring OAB for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeob Seo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukyoo Kong
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min You
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoul Kim
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Roen Surgical Inc, 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chae Na
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Center of Uro-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering (CiTE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Luo Y, Abidian MR, Ahn JH, Akinwande D, Andrews AM, Antonietti M, Bao Z, Berggren M, Berkey CA, Bettinger CJ, Chen J, Chen P, Cheng W, Cheng X, Choi SJ, Chortos A, Dagdeviren C, Dauskardt RH, Di CA, Dickey MD, Duan X, Facchetti A, Fan Z, Fang Y, Feng J, Feng X, Gao H, Gao W, Gong X, Guo CF, Guo X, Hartel MC, He Z, Ho JS, Hu Y, Huang Q, Huang Y, Huo F, Hussain MM, Javey A, Jeong U, Jiang C, Jiang X, Kang J, Karnaushenko D, Khademhosseini A, Kim DH, Kim ID, Kireev D, Kong L, Lee C, Lee NE, Lee PS, Lee TW, Li F, Li J, Liang C, Lim CT, Lin Y, Lipomi DJ, Liu J, Liu K, Liu N, Liu R, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Loh XJ, Lu N, Lv Z, Magdassi S, Malliaras GG, Matsuhisa N, Nathan A, Niu S, Pan J, Pang C, Pei Q, Peng H, Qi D, Ren H, Rogers JA, Rowe A, Schmidt OG, Sekitani T, Seo DG, Shen G, Sheng X, Shi Q, Someya T, Song Y, Stavrinidou E, Su M, Sun X, Takei K, Tao XM, Tee BCK, Thean AVY, Trung TQ, Wan C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang M, Wang S, Wang T, Wang ZL, Weiss PS, Wen H, Xu S, Xu T, Yan H, Yan X, Yang H, Yang L, Yang S, Yin L, Yu C, Yu G, Yu J, Yu SH, Yu X, Zamburg E, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Zheng YQ, Zheng Z, Zhou T, Zhu B, Zhu M, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zou G, Chen X. Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5211-5295. [PMID: 36892156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Berkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Christopher John Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Nanobionics Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3800
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia3800
| | - Xu Cheng
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Seon-Jin Choi
- Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Chortos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xue Feng
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Xiwen Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Applied Physics Program, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 United States
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zihan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - John S Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Youfan Hu
- School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- mmh Labs, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Korea
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | | | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Soft Foundry, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience Program, BioMolecular Science Program, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Cuiyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Ren Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge CB3 0FA, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, United Kingdom
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron Rowe
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, 1268 N. Lakeview Avenue, Anaheim, California 92807, United States
- Ready, Set, Food! 15821 Ventura Blvd #450, Encino, California 91436, United States
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 5670047
| | - Dae-Gyo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ming Tao
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Wan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- the Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No.701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanqi Wen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China 314000
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Guijin Zou
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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12
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Wang C. A plug-and-play interface technology: Boosting simple but robust stretchable device assembly. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:661-663. [PMID: 36925327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
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13
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Jiang Y, Ji S, Sun J, Huang J, Li Y, Zou G, Salim T, Wang C, Li W, Jin H, Xu J, Wang S, Lei T, Yan X, Peh WYX, Yen SC, Liu Z, Yu M, Zhao H, Lu Z, Li G, Gao H, Liu Z, Bao Z, Chen X. A universal interface for plug-and-play assembly of stretchable devices. Nature 2023; 614:456-462. [PMID: 36792740 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable hybrid devices have enabled high-fidelity implantable1-3 and on-skin4-6 monitoring of physiological signals. These devices typically contain soft modules that match the mechanical requirements in humans7,8 and soft robots9,10, rigid modules containing Si-based microelectronics11,12 and protective encapsulation modules13,14. To make such a system mechanically compliant, the interconnects between the modules need to tolerate stress concentration that may limit their stretching and ultimately cause debonding failure15-17. Here, we report a universal interface that can reliably connect soft, rigid and encapsulation modules together to form robust and highly stretchable devices in a plug-and-play manner. The interface, consisting of interpenetrating polymer and metal nanostructures, connects modules by simply pressing without using pastes. Its formation is depicted by a biphasic network growth model. Soft-soft modules joined by this interface achieved 600% and 180% mechanical and electrical stretchability, respectively. Soft and rigid modules can also be electrically connected using the above interface. Encapsulation on soft modules with this interface is strongly adhesive with an interfacial toughness of 0.24 N mm-1. As a proof of concept, we use this interface to assemble stretchable devices for in vivo neuromodulation and on-skin electromyography, with high signal quality and mechanical resistance. We expect such a plug-and-play interface to simplify and accelerate the development of on-skin and implantable stretchable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guijin Zou
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teddy Salim
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haoran Jin
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Yen Xian Peh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shih-Cheng Yen
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zechao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Erlenbach S, Mondal K, Ma J, Neumann TV, Ma S, Holbery JD, Dickey MD. Flexible-to-Stretchable Mechanical and Electrical Interconnects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6005-6012. [PMID: 36599089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices that maintain electrical function when subjected to stress or strain are useful for enabling new applications for electronics, such as wearable devices, human-machine interfaces, and components for soft robotics. Powering and communicating with these devices is a challenge. NFC (near-field communication) coils solve this challenge but only work efficiently when they are in close proximity to the device. Alternatively, electrical signals and power can arrive via physical connections between the stretchable device and an external source, such as a battery. The ability to create a robust physical and electrical connection between mechanically disparate components may enable new types of hybrid devices in which at least a portion is stretchable or deformable, such as hinges. This paper presents a simple method to make mechanical and electrical connections between elastomeric conductors and flexible (or rigid) conductors. The adhesion at the interface between these disparate materials arises from surface chemistry that forms strong covalent bonds. The utilization of liquid metals as the conductor provides stretchable interconnects between stretchable and non-stretchable electrical traces. The liquid metal can be printed or injected into vias to create interconnects. We characterized the mechanical and electrical properties of these hybrid devices to demonstrate the concept and identify geometric design criteria to maximize mechanical strength. The work here provides a simple and general strategy for creating mechanical and electrical connections that may find use in a variety of stretchable and soft electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Erlenbach
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Taylor V Neumann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Applied Sciences Group, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington 98052, United States
| | - James D Holbery
- Applied Sciences Group, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington 98052, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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15
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Lv J, Thangavel G, Lee PS. Reliability of printed stretchable electronics based on nano/micro materials for practical applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:434-449. [PMID: 36515001 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the booming development of stretchable electronics based on nano/micro composite inks. Printing is a scalable, low-cost, and high-efficiency fabrication tool to realize stretchable electronics through additive processes. However, compared with conventional flexible electronics, stretchable electronics need to experience more severe mechanical deformation which may cause destructive damage. Most of the reported works in this field mainly focus on how to achieve a high stretchability of nano/micro composite conductors or single working modules/devices, with limited attention given to the reliability for practical applications. In this minireview, we summarized the failure modes when printing stretchable electronics using nano/micro composite ink, including dysfunction of the stretchable interconnects, the stress-concentrated rigid-soft interfaces for hybrid electronics, the vulnerable vias upon stretching, thermal accumulation, and environmental instability of stretchable materials. Strategies for tackling these challenges to realize reliable performances are proposed and discussed. Our review provides an overview on the importance of reliable, printable, and stretchable electronics, which are the key enablers in propelling stretchable electronics from fancy demos to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Gurunathan Thangavel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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16
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Liu Y, Liu T, Liu X, Xu L, Liu B, Zhang M. Study on the synthetic mechanism of monodispersed polystyrene-nickel composite microspheres and its application in facile synthesis of epoxy resin-based anisotropic conductive adhesives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Suh BL, Kang G, Yoon SM, Cho S, Moon MW, Sung YM, Kim MS, Hur K. Dimensional Control of Highly Anisotropic and Transparent Conductive Coordination Polymers for Solution-Processable Large-Scale 2D Sheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206980. [PMID: 36271591 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the dimensional aspect of conductive coordination polymers is currently a key scientific interest. Herein, solution-based dimension control strategies are proposed for copper chloride thiourea (CuCl-TU) coordination polymers that enable centimeter-scale, 2D nanosheet formation for use as transparent electrodes. Despite the wide bandgap of CuCl-TU polymers (4.33 eV), through polaron-mediated electron transfer, the electrical conductivity of the 2D sheet at room temperature is able to reach 4.45 S cm-1 without intentional doping. This leads to a highly anisotropic electronic conductivity of up to the order of ≈103 differences, depending on the material orientation. Furthermore, by substituting alternative thiourea candidates, it is demonstrated that it is possible to predesign CuCl-TU structures with the desired functionality, stability, and porosity through dimensional control. These findings provide a blueprint to design next-generation transparent conducting materials that can operate at room temperature, thereby expanding their applicability to different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Lim Suh
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Goun Kang
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Yoon
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Woon Moon
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mo Sung
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Qi H, Hu Y, Yang L, Shao H, Ma Q, Li D, Yu W, Dong X. Electrospun Luminescent Aeolotropic Conductive Film Enabled by a Photoactive Semiconductor as a Conductive and Luminescent Material. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Chen S, Pan Q, Wu T, Xie H, Xue T, Su M, Song Y. Printing nanoparticle-based isotropic/anisotropic networks for directional electrical circuits. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14956-14961. [PMID: 36178246 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the demand for integrated nanodevices, anisotropic conductive films are one type of interconnection structure for electronic components, which have been widely used for improving the integration of the system in printed circuit boards. This work presents a template-assisted printing strategy for the fabrication of nanoparticle-based networks with multi electrical properties. By manipulating the microfluid behavior under the guidance of the grid-shaped template, the continuity of liquid bridges can be precisely controlled in two directions. The isotropous circuits with crossbar paths, discrete paths as well as unidirectional paths are obtained, which achieve the switching of on/off states in the circuits. This work demonstrates a new type of directional circuits by the template-assisted printing method, which provides an effective fabrication strategy for electrical components and integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tangyue Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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20
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Bioinspired Strategies for Stretchable Conductors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Wang H, Hu X, Zhou Z, Chen Q, Hong M, Fu H. Preparation of polystyrene@Ni@Cu core–shell microspheres by pickering emulsion polymerization and their autonomous motion in a magnetic field applied to anisotropic conductive films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xulian Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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22
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Yang L, Shao H, Hong F, Qi H, Xie Y, Yu W, Dong X, Li D, Ma Q, Liu G. Electrospun polyfunctional quasi-tricolor nanoribbon and array. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Ji S, Chen X. Enhancing the interfacial binding strength between modular stretchable electronic components. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac172. [PMID: 36684519 PMCID: PMC9843131 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are emerging for personalized and decentralized clinics, wearable devices and human-machine interactions. Nowadays, separated stretchable functional parts have been well developed and are approaching practical usage. However, the production of whole stretchable devices with full functions still faces a huge challenge: the integration of different components, which was hindered by the mechanical mismatch and stress/strain concentration at the connection interfaces. To avoid connection failure in stretchable devices, a new research focus is to improve the interfacial binding strength between different components. In this review, recent developments to enhance interfacial strength in wearable/implantable electronics are introduced and catalogued into three major strategies: (i) covalent bonding between different device parts, (ii) molecular interpenetration or mechanical interlocking at the interfaces and (iii) covalent connection between the human body and devices. Besides reviewing current methods, we also discuss the existing challenges and possible improvements for stretchable devices from the aspect of interfacial connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore 639798, Singapore
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24
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Wu H, Huang Y, Yin Z. Flexible hybrid electronics: Enabling integration techniques and applications. SCIENCE CHINA. TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 65:1995-2006. [PMID: 35892001 PMCID: PMC9302228 DOI: 10.1007/s11431-022-2074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conventional electronic systems enabled by rigid electronic are prone to malfunction under deformation, greatly limiting their application prospects. As an emerging platform for applications in healthcare monitoring and human-machine interface (HMI), flexible electronics have attracted growing attention due to its remarkable advantages, such as stretchability, flexibility, conformability, and wearing comfort. However, to realize the overall electronic systems, rigid components are also required for functions such as signal acquisition and transmission. Therefore, flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), which simultaneously possesses the desirable flexibility and enables the integration of rigid components for functionality, has been emerging as a promising strategy. This paper reviews the enabling integration techniques for FHE, including technologies for two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) interconnects, bonding of rigid integrated circuit (IC) chips to soft substrate, stress-isolation structures, and representative applications of FHE. In addition, future challenges and opportunities involved in FHE-based systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - YongAn Huang
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - ZhouPing Yin
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
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25
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Veerapandian S, Kim W, Kim J, Jo Y, Jung S, Jeong U. Printable inks and deformable electronic array devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:663-681. [PMID: 35660837 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deformable printed electronic array devices are expected to revolutionize next-generation electronics. However, although remarkable technological advances in printable inks and deformable electronic array devices have recently been achieved, technical challenges remain to commercialize these technologies. In this review article a brief introduction to printing methods highlighting significant research studies on ink formation for conductors, semiconductors, and insulators is provided, and the structural design and successful printing strategies of deformable electronic array devices are described. Successful device demonstrations are presented in the applications of passive- and active-matrix array devices. Finally, perspectives and technological challenges to be achieved are pointed out to print practically available deformable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Veerapandian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojo Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngmin Jo
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Hee Lee J, Lee S, Kim D, Jae Lee K. Implantable Micro-Light-Emitting Diode (µLED)-based optogenetic interfaces toward human applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114399. [PMID: 35716898 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics has received wide attention in biomedical fields because of itsadvantages in temporal precision and spatial resolution. Beyond contributions to important advances in fundamental research, optogenetics is inspiring a shift towards new methods of improving human well-being and treating diseases. Soft, flexible and biocompatible systems using µLEDs as a light source have been introduced to realize brain-compatible optogenetic implants, but there are still many technical challenges to overcome before their human applications. In this review, we address progress in the development of implantable µLED probes and recent achievements in (i) device engineering design, (ii) driving power, (iii) multifunctionality and (iv) closed-loop systems. (v) Expanded optogenetic applications based on remarkable advances in µLED implants will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinjeong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Yang L, Hong F, Shao H, Qi H, Xie Y, Yu W, Dong X, Li D, Ma Q, Liu G. Distinctive Sandwich-Type Composite Film and Deuterogenic Three-Dimensional Triwall Tubes Affording Concurrent Aeolotropic Conduction, Magnetism, and Up-/Down-Conversion Luminescence. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14332-14344. [PMID: 35573220 PMCID: PMC9089678 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Compared to single functional materials, multifunctional materials with electrical conduction, magnetism, and luminescence are more attractive and promising, so it has become an important subject. A distinctive sandwich-type composite film (STCF) with dual-color up- and down-conversion luminescence, magnetism, and aeolotropic conduction is prepared by layer-by-layer electrospinning technology. Macroscopically, STCF is assembled by three tightly bonded layers, including a [polypyrrole (PPy)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)]//[NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+/PMMA] Janus nanobelt array layer as the first layer, a CoFe2O4/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber nonarray layer as the second layer, and a Na2GeF6:Mn4+/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiber nonarray layer as the third layer. This unique macropartition effectually confines conductive aeolotropy, magnetism, and luminescence in different layers. Microscopically, a Janus nanobelt is used as a construction unit to restrict the luminescent and conductive materials to their microregions, thus achieving highly conductive aeolotropy and green luminescence. The high integration of the micro-subarea and macro-subarea in the STCF can efficaciously avoid the mutual disadvantageous effects among different materials to obtain splendid polyfunctional performance. The conductive anisotropy and magnetism of the STCF can be adjusted by changing the contents of PPy and CoFe2O4. When the PPy content reaches 70%, the conductance ratio in the conductive direction to insulative direction is 108. The 2D STCF can be crimped by four different methods, and the 3D TWTs have the same excellent polyfunctional performances as 2D STCF. This unique design idea and construction technology can be applied to the preparation of other multifunctional materials to avoid harmful interference among various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Chongqing
Research Institute, Changchun University
of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401135, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Feng Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Chongqing
Research Institute, Changchun University
of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401135, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haina Qi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yunrui Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wensheng Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangting Dong
- Chongqing
Research Institute, Changchun University
of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401135, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Applied
Chemistry and
Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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28
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Oh J, Jang SG, Moon S, Kim J, Park HK, Kim HS, Park S, Jeong U. Air-Permeable Waterproofing Electrocardiogram Patch to Monitor Full-Day Activities for Multiple Days. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102703. [PMID: 35285162 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On-skin healthcare patch-type devices have great technological challenges in monitoring full-day activities and wearing for multiple days without detachment. These challenges can be overcome when the sensor is air permeable but waterproof. This study presents a light-weight, highly stable, and stretchable Au electrode that is fabricated by sputtering on an imidized nanofiber mat. The contact surface of the electrode is hydro-wetting and the outer surface of the electrode is hydrophobic, so the porous electrode simultaneously has excellent sweat permeability and waterproofing capabilities. The electrode is applied to the electrocardiogram sensor for monitoring the cardiac signals for five consecutive days without detaching while doing various full-day activities such as relaxing, exercising, showering, and sleeping. This study suggests a modular setup of the electrodes and the cardiac signal processing unit for activating the device when cardiac monitoring is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joosung Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Seok Geun Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Sung‐Min Park
- Department of convergence IT engineering Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology 77 Cheongam‐Ro Nam‐Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
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