1
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Luo T, Ilyas B, Hoegen AV, Lee Y, Park J, Park JG, Gedik N. Time-of-flight detection of terahertz phonon-polariton. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2276. [PMID: 38480696 PMCID: PMC10937925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A polariton is a fundamental quasiparticle that arises from strong light-matter interaction and as such has attracted wide scientific and practical interest. When light is strongly coupled to the crystal lattice, it gives rise to phonon-polaritons (PPs), which have been proven useful in the dynamical manipulation of quantum materials and the advancement of terahertz technologies. Yet, current detection and characterization methods of polaritons are still limited. Traditional techniques such as Raman or transient grating either rely on fine-tuning of external parameters or complex phase extraction techniques. To overcome these inherent limitations, we propose and demonstrate a technique based on a time-of-flight measurement of PPs. We resonantly launch broadband PPs with intense terahertz fields and measure the time-of-flight of each spectral component with time-resolved second harmonic generation. The time-of-flight information, combined with the PP attenuation, enables us to resolve the real and imaginary parts of the PP dispersion relation. We demonstrate this technique in the van der Waals magnets NiI2 and MnPS3 and reveal a hidden magnon-phonon interaction. We believe that this approach will unlock new opportunities for studying polaritons across diverse material systems and enhance our understanding of strong light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchuang Luo
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Batyr Ilyas
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - A von Hoegen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaena Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.
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2
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Liu J, Marquez M, Lai Y, Ibrahim H, Légaré K, Lassonde P, Liu X, Hehn M, Mangin S, Malinowski G, Li Z, Légaré F, Liang J. Swept coded aperture real-time femtophotography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1589. [PMID: 38383494 PMCID: PMC10882056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-shot real-time femtophotography is indispensable for imaging ultrafast dynamics during their times of occurrence. Despite their advantages over conventional multi-shot approaches, existing techniques confront restricted imaging speed or degraded data quality by the deployed optoelectronic devices and face challenges in the application scope and acquisition accuracy. They are also hindered by the limitations in the acquirable information imposed by the sensing models. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing swept coded aperture real-time femtophotography (SCARF). This computational imaging modality enables all-optical ultrafast sweeping of a static coded aperture during the recording of an ultrafast event, bringing full-sequence encoding of up to 156.3 THz to every pixel on a CCD camera. We demonstrate SCARF's single-shot ultrafast imaging ability at tunable frame rates and spatial scales in both reflection and transmission modes. Using SCARF, we image ultrafast absorption in a semiconductor and ultrafast demagnetization of a metal alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdan Liu
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Miguel Marquez
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Yingming Lai
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Philippe Lassonde
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Michel Hehn
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS 50840, Nancy, 54011, France
| | - Stéphane Mangin
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS 50840, Nancy, 54011, France
| | - Grégory Malinowski
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS 50840, Nancy, 54011, France
| | - Zhengyan Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - François Légaré
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Jinyang Liang
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X1P7, Canada.
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3
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Cheng SW, Xu D, Su H, Baxter JM, Holtzman LN, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone JC, Barmak K, Delor M. Optical Imaging of Ultrafast Phonon-Polariton Propagation through an Excitonic Sensor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9936-9942. [PMID: 37852205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) hosts phonon polaritons (PhP), hybrid light-matter states that facilitate electromagnetic field confinement and exhibit long-range ballistic transport. Extracting the spatiotemporal dynamics of PhPs usually requires "tour de force" experimental methods such as ultrafast near-field infrared microscopy. Here, we leverage the remarkable environmental sensitivity of excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides to image PhP propagation in adjacent hBN slabs. Using ultrafast optical microscopy on monolayer WSe2/hBN heterostructures, we image propagating PhPs from 3.5 K to room temperature with subpicosecond and few-nanometer precision. Excitons in WSe2 act as transducers between visible light pulses and infrared PhPs, enabling visible-light imaging of PhP transport with far-field microscopy. We also report evidence of excitons in WSe2 copropagating with hBN PhPs over several micrometers. Our results provide new avenues for imaging polar excitations over a large frequency range with extreme spatiotemporal precision and new mechanisms to realize ballistic exciton transport at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Haowen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luke N Holtzman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Katayun Barmak
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Bukhari SSAS, Halder A, Lindinger A. Polarization enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence contrast by shaped laser pulses using a deformable phase plate. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8242-8247. [PMID: 38037926 DOI: 10.1364/ao.503531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We utilize spatially and temporally tailored laser pulses for polarization enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence contrasts of dyes. The shaped laser pulses are produced by first passing through a temporal pulse shaper and then through a two-dimensional spatial pulse shaper with deformable phase plates. Different spatial beam profiles are presented that demonstrate the potential of the spatial pulse shaper. Particularly, a polarization enhanced fluorescence contrast between two dyes is reported by utilizing specific phase shaping in perpendicular polarization directions. The tailored laser pulses are further modified by the deformable phase plate, and a polarization increased depth-dependent contrast is achieved. This spatial shaping for all polarization directions demonstrates the advantage of deformable phase plate spatial shapers compared to liquid crystals, where only one polarization direction can spatially be modified. The described polarization contrast method allows for three-dimensional scanning of probes and provides perspectives for biophotonic applications.
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5
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Aerts A, Jolly SW, Kockaert P, Gorza SP, Auwera JV, Vaeck N. Modulated super-Gaussian laser pulse to populate a dark rovibrational state of acetylene. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084303. [PMID: 37638622 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A pulse-shaping technique in the mid-infrared spectral range based on pulses with a super-Gaussian temporal profile is considered for laser control. We show a realistic and efficient path to the population of a dark rovibrational state in acetylene (C2H2). The laser-induced dynamics in C2H2 are simulated using fully experimental structural parameters. Indeed, the rotation-vibration energy structure, including anharmonicities, is defined by the global spectroscopic Hamiltonian for the ground electronic state of C2H2 built from the extensive high-resolution spectroscopy studies on the molecule, transition dipole moments from intensities, and the effects of the (inelastic) collisions that are parameterized from line broadenings using the relaxation matrix [A. Aerts, J. Vander Auwera, and N. Vaeck, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 144308 (2021)]. The approach, based on an effective Hamiltonian, outperforms today's ab initio computations both in terms of accuracy and computational cost for this class of molecules. With such accuracy, the Hamiltonian permits studying the inner mechanism of theoretical pulse shaping [A. Aerts et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 084302 (2022)] for laser quantum control. Here, the generated control pulse presents a number of interferences that take advantage of the control mechanism to populate the dark state. An experimental setup is proposed for in-laboratory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Aerts
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 160/09, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Spencer W Jolly
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, OPERA-Photonique, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 194/05, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kockaert
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, OPERA-Photonique, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 194/05, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Simon-Pierre Gorza
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, OPERA-Photonique, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 194/05, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Jean Vander Auwera
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 160/09, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Vaeck
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, C.P. 160/09, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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6
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Huang Y, Gao L, Ma P, Jiang X, Fan W, Shalin AS. Nonlinear chaotic dynamics in nonlocal plasmonic core-shell nanoparticle dimer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19646-19656. [PMID: 37381375 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles can be employed as a promising integrated platform for lumped optical nanoelements with unprecedentedly high integration capacity and efficient nanoscale ultrafast nonlinear functionality. Further minimizing the size of plasmonic nanoelements will lead to a rich variety of nonlocal optical effects due to the nonlocal nature of electrons in plasmonic materials. In this work, we theoretically investigate the nonlinear chaotic dynamics of the plasmonic core-shell nanoparticle dimer consisting of a nonlocal plasmonic core and a Kerr-type nonlinear shell at nanometer scale. This kind of optical nanoantennae could provide novel switching functionality: tristable, astable multivibrators, and chaos generator. We give a qualitative analysis on the influence of nonlocality and aspect ratio of core-shell nanoparticles on the chaos regime as well as on the nonlinear dynamical processing. It is demonstrated that considering nonlocality is very important in the design of such nonlinear functional photonic nanoelements with ultra-small size. Compared to solid nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles provide an additional freedom to adjust their plasmonic property hence tuning the chaotic dynamic regime in the geometric parameter space. This kind of nanoscale nonlinear system could be the candidate for a nonlinear nanophotonic device with a tunable nonlinear dynamical response.
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7
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Nörenberg T, Álvarez-Pérez G, Obst M, Wehmeier L, Hempel F, Klopf JM, Nikitin AY, Kehr SC, Eng LM, Alonso-González P, de Oliveira TVAG. Germanium Monosulfide as a Natural Platform for Highly Anisotropic THz Polaritons. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20174-20185. [PMID: 36446407 PMCID: PMC9799068 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation is key to access collective excitations such as magnons (spins), plasmons (electrons), or phonons (atomic vibrations), thus bridging topics between optics and solid-state physics. Confinement of THz light to the nanometer length scale is desirable for local probing of such excitations in low-dimensional systems, thereby circumventing the large footprint and inherently low spectral power density of far-field THz radiation. For that purpose, phonon polaritons (PhPs) in anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) materials have recently emerged as a promising platform for THz nanooptics. Hence, there is a demand for the exploration of materials that feature not only THz PhPs at different spectral regimes but also host anisotropic (directional) electrical, thermoelectric, and vibronic properties. To that end, we introduce here the semiconducting vdW-material alpha-germanium(II) sulfide (GeS) as an intriguing candidate. By employing THz nanospectroscopy supported by theoretical analysis, we provide a thorough characterization of the different in-plane hyperbolic and elliptical PhP modes in GeS. We find not only PhPs with long lifetimes (τ > 2 ps) and excellent THz light confinement (λ0/λ > 45) but also an intrinsic, phonon-induced anomalous dispersion as well as signatures of naturally occurring, substrate-mediated PhP canalization within a single GeS slab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nörenberg
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University
of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research
on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC−Universidad
de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Maximilian Obst
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Franz Hempel
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Collaborative Research
Center 1415, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - J. Michael Klopf
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Alexey Y. Nikitin
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Susanne C. Kehr
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Lukas M. Eng
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Collaborative Research
Center 1415, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University
of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research
on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC−Universidad
de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Thales V. A. G. de Oliveira
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
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8
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Gottschalk R, Lindinger A. Temporally shaped vortex phase laser pulses for two-photon excited fluorescence. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:10207-10213. [PMID: 36606782 DOI: 10.1364/ao.473744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report temporally shaped vortex phase laser pulses for two-photon excited fluorescence of dyes. The particularly tailored pulses are generated by first utilizing a temporal pulse shaper and subsequently a two-dimensional spatial pulse shaper. Various vortex phase shaped structures are demonstrated by combining different two-dimensional phase patterns. Moreover, perpendicular polarization components are used to achieve an enhanced radial two-photon excited fluorescence contrast by applying third order phase functions on the temporal pulse shaper. Particularly, the spatial fluorescence structure is modulated with a combination of Gaussian and vortex phase shaped pulses by modifying only the phase on the temporal modulator. Thereby, interference structures with high spatial resolution arise. The introduced method to generate temporally shaped vortex phase tailored pulses will provide new perspectives for biophotonic applications.
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9
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Dastrup BS, Sung ER, Wulf F, Saraceno C, Nelson KA. Enhancement of THz generation in LiNbO 3 waveguides via multi-bounce velocity matching. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:335. [PMID: 36433945 PMCID: PMC9700704 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To realize the full promise of terahertz polaritonics (waveguide-based terahertz field generation, interaction, and readout) as a viable spectroscopy platform, much stronger terahertz fields are needed to enable nonlinear and even robust linear terahertz measurements. We use a novel geometric approach in which the optical pump is totally internally reflected to increase the distance over which optical rectification occurs. Velocity matching is achieved by tuning the angle of internal reflection. By doing this, we are able to enhance terahertz spectral amplitude by over 10x compared to conventional single-pass terahertz generation. An analysis of the depletion mechanisms reveals that 3-photon absorption and divergence of the pump beam are the primary limiters of further enhancement. This level of enhancement is promising for enabling routine spectroscopic measurements in an integrated fashion and is made more encouraging by the prospect of further enhancement by using longer pump wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake S Dastrup
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric R Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frank Wulf
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Clara Saraceno
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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10
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Zhu Q, Cai Y, Zeng X, Long H, Chen H, Zeng L, Zhu Y, Lu X, Li J. FISI: frequency domain integration sequential imaging at 1.26×10 13 frames per second and 108 lines per millimeter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:27429-27438. [PMID: 36236914 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High spatial resolution on the image plane (intrinsic spatial resolution) has always been a problem for ultrafast imaging. Single-shot ultrafast imaging methods can achieve high spatial resolution on the object plane through amplification systems but with low intrinsic spatial resolutions. We present frequency domain integration sequential imaging (FISI), which encodes a transient dynamic by an inversed 4f (IFF) system and decodes it using optical spatial frequencies recognition (OFR), which overcomes the limitation of the spatial frequencies recognition algorithm. In an experiment on the process of an air plasma channel, FISI achieved shadow imaging of the channel with a framing rate of 1.26×1013 fps and an intrinsic spatial resolution of 108 lp/mm (the spatial resolution on the image plane). Owing to its excellent framing time and high intrinsic spatial resolution, FISI can probe both repeatable and unrepeatable ultrafast phenomena, such as laser-induced damage, plasma physics, and shockwave interactions in living cells with high quality.
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11
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Li W, Hu X, Wu J, Fan K, Chen B, Zhang C, Hu W, Cao X, Jin B, Lu Y, Chen J, Wu P. Dual-color terahertz spatial light modulator for single-pixel imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:191. [PMID: 35739086 PMCID: PMC9225988 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial light modulators (SLM), capable of dynamically and spatially manipulating electromagnetic waves, have reshaped modern life in projection display and remote sensing. The progress of SLM will expedite next-generation communication and biomedical imaging in the terahertz (THz) range. However, most current THz SLMs are adapted from optical alternatives that still need improvement in terms of uniformity, speed, and bandwidth. Here, we designed, fabricated, and characterized an 8 × 8 THz SLM based on tunable liquid crystal metamaterial absorbers for THz single-pixel compressive imaging. We demonstrated dual-color compressive sensing (CS) imaging for dispersive objects utilizing the large frequency shift controlled by an external electric field. We developed auto-calibrated compressive sensing (ACS) algorithm to mitigate the impact of the spatially nonuniform THz incident beam and pixel modulation, which significantly improves the fidelity of reconstructed images. Furthermore, the complementary modulation at two absorption frequencies enables Hadamard masks with negative element values to be realized by frequency-switching, thereby halving the imaging time. The demonstrated imaging system paves a new route for THz single-pixel multispectral imaging with high reliability and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Kebin Fan
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Benwen Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xun Cao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Biaobing Jin
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Enhanced coherent transition radiation from midinfrared-laser-driven microplasmas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7660. [PMID: 35538111 PMCID: PMC9090813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a particle-in-cell (PIC) analysis of terahertz (THz) radiation by ultrafast plasma currents driven by relativistic-intensity laser pulses. We show that, while the I0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$\end{document}λ02 product of the laser intensity I0 and the laser wavelength λ0 plays the key role in the energy scaling of strong-field laser-plasma THz generation, the THz output energy, WTHz, does not follow the I0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$\end{document}λ02 scaling. Its behavior as a function of I0 and λ0 is instead much more complex. Our two- and three-dimensional PIC analysis shows that, for moderate, subrelativistic and weakly relativistic fields, WTHz(I0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$\end{document}λ02) can be approximated as (I0λ02)α, with a suitable exponent α, as a clear signature of vacuum electron acceleration as a predominant physical mechanism whereby the energy of the laser driver is transferred to THz radiation. For strongly relativistic laser fields, on the other hand, WTHz(I0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\lambda }_{0}^{2}$$\end{document}λ02) closely follows the scaling dictated by the relativistic electron laser ponderomotive potential \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathscr{F}}_{{\text{e}}}$$\end{document}Fe, converging to WTHz ∝ \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${I}_{0}^{1/2}{\lambda }_{0}$$\end{document}I01/2λ0 for very high I0, thus indicating the decisive role of relativistic ponderomotive charge acceleration as a mechanism behind laser-to-THz energy conversion. Analysis of the electron distribution function shows that the temperature Te of hot laser-driven electrons bouncing back and forth between the plasma boundaries displays the same behavior as a function of I0 and λ0, altering its scaling from (I0λ02)α to that of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathscr{F}}_{{\text{e}}}$$\end{document}Fe, converging to WTHz ∝ \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${I}_{0}^{1/2}{\lambda }_{0}$$\end{document}I01/2λ0 for very high I0. These findings provide a clear physical picture of THz generation in relativistic and subrelativistic laser plasmas, suggesting the THz yield WTHz resolved as a function of I0 and λ0 as a meaningful measurable that can serve as a probe for the temperature Te of hot electrons in a vast class of laser–plasma interactions. Specifically, the α exponent of the best (I0λ02)α fit of the THz yield suggests a meaningful probe that can help identify the dominant physical mechanisms whereby the energy of the laser field is converted to the energy of plasma electrons.
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13
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Völkel A, Nimmesgern L, Mielnik-Pyszczorski A, Wirth T, Herink G. Intracavity Raman scattering couples soliton molecules with terahertz phonons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2066. [PMID: 35440623 PMCID: PMC9018723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast atomic vibrations mediate heat transport, serve as fingerprints for chemical bonds and drive phase transitions in condensed matter systems. Light pulses shorter than the atomic oscillation period can not only probe, but even stimulate and control collective excitations. In general, such interactions are performed with free-propagating pulses. Here, we demonstrate intra-cavity excitation and time-domain sampling of coherent optical phonons inside an active laser oscillator. Employing real-time spectral interferometry, we reveal that Terahertz beats of Raman-active optical phonons are the origin of soliton bound-states – also termed “Soliton molecules” – and we resolve a coherent coupling mechanism of phonon and intra-cavity soliton motion. Concurring electronic and nuclear refractive nonlinearities generate distinct soliton trajectories and, effectively, enhance the time-domain Raman signal. We utilize the intrinsic soliton motion to automatically perform highspeed Raman spectroscopy of the intra-cavity crystal. Our results pinpoint the impact of Raman-induced soliton interactions in crystalline laser media and microresonators, and offer unique perspectives toward ultrafast nonlinear phononics by exploiting the coupling of atomic motion and solitons inside a cavity. Here, the authors demonstrate intra-cavity excitation and time-domain sampling of coherent optical phonons inside an active laser oscillator. They discover that Terahertz crystal vibrations link successive ultrashort solitons which offers an approach to highspeed Raman spectroscopy inside laser cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Völkel
- Experimental Physics VIII-Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Luca Nimmesgern
- Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski
- Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Timo Wirth
- Experimental Physics VIII-Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Herink
- Experimental Physics VIII-Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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14
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Heindl MB, Kirkwood N, Lauster T, Lang JA, Retsch M, Mulvaney P, Herink G. Ultrafast imaging of terahertz electric waveforms using quantum dots. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 34974517 PMCID: PMC8720308 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic electric fields govern the majority of elementary excitations in condensed matter and drive electronics at frequencies approaching the Terahertz (THz) regime. However, only few imaging schemes are able to resolve sub-wavelength fields in the THz range, such as scanning-probe techniques, electro-optic sampling, and ultrafast electron microscopy. Still, intrinsic constraints on sample geometry, acquisition speed and field strength limit their applicability. Here, we harness the quantum-confined Stark-effect to encode ultrafast electric near-fields into colloidal quantum dot luminescence. Our approach, termed Quantum-probe Field Microscopy (QFIM), combines far-field imaging of visible photons with phase-resolved sampling of electric waveforms. By capturing ultrafast movies, we spatio-temporally resolve a Terahertz resonance inside a bowtie antenna and unveil the propagation of a Terahertz waveguide excitation deeply in the sub-wavelength regime. The demonstrated QFIM approach is compatible with strong-field excitation and sub-micrometer resolution-introducing a direct route towards ultrafast field imaging of complex nanodevices in-operando.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz B Heindl
- Experimental Physics VIII - Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias Lauster
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Julia A Lang
- Experimental Physics VIII - Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Retsch
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georg Herink
- Experimental Physics VIII - Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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15
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Microcavity phonon polaritons from the weak to the ultrastrong phonon-photon coupling regime. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6206. [PMID: 34707119 PMCID: PMC8551273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling between molecular vibrations and microcavity modes has been demonstrated to modify physical and chemical properties of the molecular material. Here, we study the less explored coupling between lattice vibrations (phonons) and microcavity modes. Embedding thin layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) into classical microcavities, we demonstrate the evolution from weak to ultrastrong phonon-photon coupling when the hBN thickness is increased from a few nanometers to a fully filled cavity. Remarkably, strong coupling is achieved for hBN layers as thin as 10 nm. Further, the ultrastrong coupling in fully filled cavities yields a polariton dispersion matching that of phonon polaritons in bulk hBN, highlighting that the maximum light-matter coupling in microcavities is limited to the coupling strength between photons and the bulk material. Tunable cavity phonon polaritons could become a versatile platform for studying how the coupling strength between photons and phonons may modify the properties of polar crystals. Strong coupling between light and matter can be engineered to influence their properties and behaviour. Here, the authors demonstrate the evolution from weak to ultrastrong coupling of microcavity modes and optical phonons with hexagonal boron nitride layers in a Fabry-Perot resonator.
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16
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Zheltikov AM. Laser filaments as pulsed antennas. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4984-4987. [PMID: 34598248 DOI: 10.1364/ol.426023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary radiation emission of laser-induced filaments is revisited from a perspective of transient antenna radiation. Solutions for transient-antenna radiation fields are shown to provide an accurate description of the spectral and polarization properties, radiation patterns, and the angular dispersion of terahertz and microwave radiation emitted by laser filaments. Time-domain pulsed-antenna analysis offers a physically clear explanation for the bandwidth of this radiation, relating the low-frequency cutoff in its spectrum to the filament length, thus explaining efficient microwave generation in laser filamentation experiments.
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17
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Zhu Y, Zeng X, Cai Y, Lu X, Zhu Q, Zeng L, He T, Li J, Yang Y, Zheng M, Xu S, Li J. All-optical high spatial-temporal resolution photography with raster principle at 2 trillion frames per second. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27298-27308. [PMID: 34615148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel single-shot ultrafast all-optical photography with raster principle (OPR) that can capture real-time imaging of ultrafast phenomena is proposed and demonstrated. It consists of a sequentially timed module (STM), spectral-shaping module (SSM), and raster framing camera (RFC). STM and SSM are used for linearly encoding frequency-time mapping and system calibration, respectively. The function of the RFC is sampling the target by microlens arrays and framing on the basis of frequency-time-spatial positions conversion. We demonstrated the recording of transient scenes with the spatial resolution of ∼90lp/mm, the frame number of 12 and the frame rate of 2 trillion frames per second (Tfps) in single-shot. Thanks to its high spatial-temporal resolution, high frame rate (maximum up to 10 Tfps or more) and sufficient frame number, our OPR can observe the dynamic processes with complex spatial structure at the atomic time scale (10 fs∼1ps), which is promising for application in plasma physics, shock waves in laser-induced damage, and dynamics of condensed matter materials.
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18
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Boniface A, Mounaix M, Blochet B, de Aguiar HB, Quéré F, Gigan S. Spectrally resolved point-spread-function engineering using a complex medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8985-8996. [PMID: 33820337 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Propagation of an ultrashort pulse of light through strongly scattering media generates an intricate spatio-spectral speckle that can be described by means of the multi-spectral transmission matrix (MSTM). In conjunction with a spatial light modulator, the MSTM enables the manipulation of the pulse leaving the medium; in particular focusing it at any desired spatial position and/or time. Here, we demonstrate how to engineer the point-spread-function of the focused beam both spatially and spectrally, from the measured MSTM. It consists of numerically filtering the spatial content at each wavelength of the matrix prior to focusing. We experimentally report on the versatility of the technique through several examples, in particular as an alternative to simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing, with potential applications in multiphoton microscopy.
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19
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de Oliveira TVAG, Nörenberg T, Álvarez-Pérez G, Wehmeier L, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Obst M, Hempel F, Lee EJH, Klopf JM, Errea I, Nikitin AY, Kehr SC, Alonso-González P, Eng LM. Nanoscale-Confined Terahertz Polaritons in a van der Waals Crystal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005777. [PMID: 33270287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic field confinement is crucial for nanophotonic technologies, since it allows for enhancing light-matter interactions, thus enabling light manipulation in deep sub-wavelength scales. In the terahertz (THz) spectral range, radiation confinement is conventionally achieved with specially designed metallic structures-such as antennas or nanoslits-with large footprints due to the rather long wavelengths of THz radiation. In this context, phonon polaritons-light coupled to lattice vibrations-in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a promising solution for controlling light beyond the diffraction limit, as they feature extreme field confinements and low optical losses. However, experimental demonstration of nanoscale-confined phonon polaritons at THz frequencies has so far remained elusive. Here, it is provided by employing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy combined with a free-electron laser to reveal a range of low-loss polaritonic excitations at frequencies from 8 to 12 THz in the vdW semiconductor α-MoO3 . In this study, THz polaritons are visualized with: i) in-plane hyperbolic dispersion, ii) extreme nanoscale field confinement (below λo ⁄75), and iii) long polariton lifetimes, with a lower limit of >2 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales V A G de Oliveira
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
- Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden, 0 1062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 0 1328, Germany
| | - Tobias Nörenberg
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
- Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden, 0 1062, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33 006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33 940, Spain
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33 006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33 940, Spain
| | - Maximilian Obst
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Franz Hempel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Eduardo J H Lee
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28 049, Spain
| | - J Michael Klopf
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 0 1328, Germany
| | - Ion Errea
- Fisika Aplikatua 1 Saila, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Susanne C Kehr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33 006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33 940, Spain
| | - Lukas M Eng
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
- Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden, 0 1062, Germany
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20
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Horstmann JG, Böckmann H, Wit B, Kurtz F, Storeck G, Ropers C. Coherent control of a surface structural phase transition. Nature 2020; 583:232-236. [PMID: 32641815 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Active optical control over matter is desirable in many scientific disciplines, with prominent examples in all-optical magnetic switching1,2, light-induced metastable or exotic phases of solids3-8 and the coherent control of chemical reactions9,10. Typically, these approaches dynamically steer a system towards states or reaction products far from equilibrium. In solids, metal-to-insulator transitions are an important target for optical manipulation, offering ultrafast changes of the electronic4 and lattice11-16 properties. The impact of coherences on the efficiencies and thresholds of such transitions, however, remains a largely open subject. Here, we demonstrate coherent control over a metal-insulator structural phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional solid-state surface system. A femtosecond double-pulse excitation scheme17-20 is used to switch the system from the insulating to a metastable metallic state, and the corresponding structural changes are monitored by ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction21,22. To govern the transition, we harness vibrational coherence in key structural modes connecting both phases, and observe delay-dependent oscillations in the double-pulse switching efficiency. Mode-selective coherent control of solids and surfaces could open new routes to switching chemical and physical functionalities, enabled by metastable and non-equilibrium states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gerrit Horstmann
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Böckmann
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bareld Wit
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kurtz
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gero Storeck
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Ropers
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
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21
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Li Y, Qi R, Shi R, Li N, Gao P. Manipulation of surface phonon polaritons in SiC nanorods. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:820-826. [PMID: 36659200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) are potentially very attractive for subwavelength control and manipulation of light at the infrared to terahertz wavelengths. Probing their propagation behavior in nanostructures is crucial to guide rational device design. Here, aided by monochromatic scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy technique, we measure the dispersion relation of SPhPs in individual SiC nanorods and reveal the effects of size and shape. We find that the SPhPs can be modulated by the geometric shape and size of SiC nanorods. The energy of SPhPs shows red-shift with decreasing radius and the surface optical phonon is mainly concentrated on the surface with large radius. Therefore, the fields can be precisely confined in specific positions by varying the size of the nanorod, allowing effective tuning at nanometer scale. The findings of this work are in agreement with dielectric response theory and numerical simulation, and provide novel strategies for manipulating light in polar dielectrics through shape and size control, enabling the design of novel nanoscale phonon-photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruishi Qi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruochen Shi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Li
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.
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22
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Yusipov II, Vershinina OS, Denisov SV, Ivanchenko MV. Photon waiting-time distributions: A keyhole into dissipative quantum chaos. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:023107. [PMID: 32113249 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Open quantum systems can exhibit complex states, for which classification and quantification are still not well resolved. The Kerr-nonlinear cavity, periodically modulated in time by coherent pumping of the intracavity photonic mode, is one of the examples. Unraveling the corresponding Markovian master equation into an ensemble of quantum trajectories and employing the recently proposed calculation of quantum Lyapunov exponents [I. I. Yusipov et al., Chaos 29, 063130 (2019)], we identify "chaotic" and "regular" regimes there. In particular, we show that chaotic regimes manifest an intermediate power-law asymptotics in the distribution of photon waiting times. This distribution can be retrieved by monitoring photon emission with a single-photon detector so that chaotic and regular states can be discriminated without disturbing the intracavity dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Yusipov
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O S Vershinina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S V Denisov
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - M V Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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23
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Yusipov II, Ivanchenko MV. Quantum Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17932. [PMID: 31784568 PMCID: PMC6884488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that asymptotic states of open quantum system can undergo qualitative changes resembling pitchfork, saddle-node, and period doubling classical bifurcations. Here, making use of the periodically modulated open quantum dimer model, we report and investigate a quantum Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Its classical counterpart is the birth of a torus (an invariant curve in the Poincaré section) due to instability of a limit cycle (fixed point of the Poincaré map). The quantum system exhibits a transition from unimodal to bagel shaped stroboscopic distributions, as for Husimi representation, as for observables. The spectral properties of Floquet map experience changes reminiscent of the classical case, a pair of complex conjugated eigenvalues approaching a unit circle. Quantum Monte-Carlo wave function unraveling of the Lindblad master equation yields dynamics of single trajectories on “quantumtorus” and allows for quantifying it by rotation number. The bifurcation is sensitive to the number of quantum particles that can also be regarded as a control parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Yusipov
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M V Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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24
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Dai S, Fang W, Rivera N, Stehle Y, Jiang BY, Shen J, Tay RY, Ciccarino CJ, Ma Q, Rodan-Legrain D, Jarillo-Herrero P, Teo EHT, Fogler MM, Narang P, Kong J, Basov DN. Phonon Polaritons in Monolayers of Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806603. [PMID: 31353629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phonon polaritons in van der Waals materials reveal significant confinement accompanied with long propagation length: important virtues for tasks pertaining to the control of light and energy flow at the nanoscale. While previous studies of phonon polaritons have relied on relatively thick samples, here reported is the first observation of surface phonon polaritons in single atomic layers and bilayers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Using antenna-based near-field microscopy, propagating surface phonon polaritons in mono- and bilayer hBN microcrystals are imaged. Phonon polaritons in monolayer hBN are confined in a volume about one million times smaller than the free-space photons. Both the polariton dispersion and their wavelength-thickness scaling law are altered compared to those of hBN bulk counterparts. These changes are attributed to phonon hardening in monolayer-thick crystals. The data reported here have bearing on applications of polaritons in metasurfaces and ultrathin optical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wenjing Fang
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yijing Stehle
- Sichuan University Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610017, China
| | - Bor-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jialiang Shen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Roland Yingjie Tay
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Christopher J Ciccarino
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Rodan-Legrain
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Edwin Hang Tong Teo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dimitri N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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25
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Ohtani K, Meng B, Franckié M, Bosco L, Ndebeka-Bandou C, Beck M, Faist J. An electrically pumped phonon-polariton laser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau1632. [PMID: 31309138 PMCID: PMC6625821 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a device that provides coherent emission of phonon polaritons, a mixed state between photons and optical phonons in an ionic crystal. An electrically pumped GaInAs/AlInAs quantum cascade structure provides intersubband gain into the polariton mode at λ = 26.3 μm, allowing self-oscillations close to the longitudinal optical phonon energy of AlAs. Because of the large computed phonon fraction of the polariton of 65%, the emission appears directly on a Raman spectrum measurement, exhibiting a Stokes and anti-Stokes component with the expected shift of 48 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ohtani
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, August-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bo Meng
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, August-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Franckié
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, August-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Bosco
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, August-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Camille Ndebeka-Bandou
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, August-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattias Beck
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, August-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Microscopic ion migration in solid electrolytes revealed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2662. [PMID: 31209215 PMCID: PMC6572842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy is one of the most suitable methods for the analysis of electron transport in solids, and has been applied to various materials. Here, we demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is the technique of choice to characterize solid electrolytes. We measure the terahertz conductivity of stabilized zirconia, a widely used solid electrolyte material, by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy at high temperatures, providing a wealth of information unavailable from conventional techniques. It is found that the conductivity reflects the microscopic motion of the ion just before hopping to an unoccupied site. Our results suggest a powerful approach in probing the ionic conduction mechanism and could help us explore other solid electrolytes for fuel cells and all-solid-state batteries. Here the authors expand the application scope of terahertz spectroscopy to the characterization of electrolyte materials. Based on the measurement of the conductivity of yttria-stabilized zirconia in the terahertz frequency range, unprecedented insight into the microscopic motion of the ion is revealed.
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Yusipov II, Vershinina OS, Denisov S, Kuznetsov SP, Ivanchenko MV. Quantum Lyapunov exponents beyond continuous measurements. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:063130. [PMID: 31266336 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum systems, when interacting with their environments, may exhibit nonequilibrium states that are tempting to be interpreted as quantum analogs of chaotic attractors. However, different from the Hamiltonian case, the toolbox for quantifying dissipative quantum chaos remains limited. In particular, quantum generalizations of Lyapunov exponents, the main quantifiers of classical chaos, are established only within the framework of continuous measurements. We propose an alternative generalization based on the unraveling of quantum master equation into an ensemble of "quantum trajectories," by using the so-called Monte Carlo wave-function method. We illustrate the idea with a periodically modulated open quantum dimer and demonstrate that the transition to quantum chaos matches the period-doubling route to chaos in the corresponding mean-field system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Yusipov
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - O S Vershinina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - S Denisov
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo N-0130, Norway
| | - S P Kuznetsov
- Kotelnikovs Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - M V Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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28
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Astakhova TY, Vinogradov GA, Kashin VA. Effect of External Factors on Physical and Chemical Transformations Polaron in an Electric Field as a Generator of Coherent Lattice Vibrations. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793118050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Chen L, Sutton E, Lee H, Lee JW, Li J, Eom CB, Irvin P, Levy J. Over 100-THz bandwidth selective difference frequency generation at LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3 nanojunctions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:24. [PMID: 30820320 PMCID: PMC6393436 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to combine continuously tunable narrow-band terahertz (THz) generation that can access both the far-infrared and mid-infrared regimes with nanometer-scale spatial resolution is highly promising for identifying underlying light-matter interactions and realizing selective control of rotational or vibrational resonances in nanoparticles or molecules. Here, we report selective difference frequency generation with over 100 THz bandwidth via femtosecond optical pulse shaping. The THz emission is generated at nanoscale junctions at the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) that is defined by conductive atomic force microscope lithography, with the potential to perform THz spectroscopy on individual nanoparticles or molecules. Numerical simulation of the time-domain signal facilitates the identification of components that contribute to the THz generation. This ultra-wide-bandwidth tunable nanoscale coherent THz source transforms the LAO/STO interface into a promising platform for integrated lab-on-chip optoelectronic devices with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Erin Sutton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WA 53706 USA
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WA 53706 USA
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WA 53706 USA
| | - Patrick Irvin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Jeremy Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
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30
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Ma P, Gao L, Ginzburg P, Noskov RE. Ultrafast cryptography with indefinitely switchable optical nanoantennas. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:77. [PMID: 30345035 PMCID: PMC6191419 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bistability is widely exploited to demonstrate all-optical signal processing and light-based computing. The standard paradigm of switching between two steady states corresponding to "0" and "1" bits is based on the rule that a transition occurs when the signal pulse intensity overcomes the bistability threshold, and otherwise, the system remains in the initial state. Here, we break with this concept by revealing the phenomenon of indefinite switching in which the eventual steady state of a resonant bistable system is transformed into a nontrivial function of signal pulse parameters for moderately intense signal pulses. The essential nonlinearity of the indefinite switching allows realization of well-protected cryptographic algorithms with a single bistable element in contrast to software-assisted cryptographic protocols that require thousands of logic gates. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate stream deciphering of the word "enigma" by means of an indefinitely switchable optical nanoantenna. An extremely high bitrate ranging from ~0.1 to 1 terabits per second and a small size make such systems promising as basic elements for all-optical cryptographic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujuan Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Roman E. Noskov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
- Light-Matter Interaction Centre, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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31
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Liang J, Wang LV. Single-shot ultrafast optical imaging. OPTICA 2018; 5:1113-1127. [PMID: 30820445 PMCID: PMC6388706 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot ultrafast optical imaging can capture two-dimensional transient scenes in the optical spectral range at ≥100 million frames per second. This rapidly evolving field surpasses conventional pump-probe methods by possessing the real-time imaging capability, which is indispensable for recording non-repeatable and difficult-to-reproduce events and for understanding physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms. In this mini-review, we survey comprehensively the state-of-the-art single-shot ultrafast optical imaging. Based on the illumination requirement, we categorized the field into active-detection and passive-detection domains. Depending on the specific image acquisition and reconstruction strategies, these two categories are further divided into a total of six sub-categories. Under each sub-category, we describe operating principles, present representative cutting-edge techniques with a particular emphasis on their methodology and applications, and discuss their advantages and challenges. Finally, we envision prospects of technical advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Liang
- Laboratory of Applied Computational Imaging, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1S2, Canada
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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32
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Ordonez-Miranda J, Ezzahri Y, Tranchant L, Drevillon J, Gluchko S, Joulain K, Volz S. Polaritonic figure of merit of plane structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25938-25950. [PMID: 29041256 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ability of plane structures to simultaneously optimize the propagation, confinement, and energy of surface plasmon-polaritons or surface phonon-polaritons, we develop the polaritonic figure of merit Z = βRΛ2/δ, where βR, Λ and δ are the longitudinal wave vector, propagation length, and penetration depth, respectively. Explicit and analytical expressions of Z are derived for a single interface and a suspended thin film, as functions of the material permittivities and the film thickness. Higher Z are obtained for thinner films and smaller energy losses. The application of the obtained results for a SiC-air interface and a SiC thin film suspended in air shows that both structures are able to maximize the presence of polaritons at a frequency near to, but different than that at which the real part of the SiC permittivity exhibits a dip. Furthermore, using the temperature change of this dip, we show that the propagation length, confinement and energy of polaritons increases with its deepness, which provides an effective way to enhance the overall Z of polaritonic structures.
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33
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Dąbrowski M, Dai Y, Petek H. Ultrafast Microscopy: Imaging Light with Photoelectrons on the Nano-Femto Scale. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4446-4455. [PMID: 28853892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental methods for ultrafast microscopy are advancing rapidly. Promising methods combine ultrafast laser excitation with electron-based imaging or rely on super-resolution optical techniques to enable probing of matter on the nano-femto scale. Among several actively developed methods, ultrafast time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy provides several advantages, among which the foremost are that time resolution is limited only by the laser source and it is immediately capable of probing of coherent phenomena in solid-state materials and surfaces. Here we present recent progress in interference imaging of plasmonic phenomena in metal nanostructures enabled by combining a broadly tunable femtosecond laser excitation source with a low-energy electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dąbrowski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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34
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Sidorenko P, Lahav O, Cohen O. Ptychographic ultrahigh-speed imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10997-11008. [PMID: 28788786 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate numerically a simple method for ultrahigh-speed imaging of complex (amplitude and phase) samples. Our method exploits redundancy in single-shot ptychography (SSP) for reconstruction of multiple frames from a single camera snapshot. We term the method Time-resolved Imaging by Multiplexed Ptychography (TIMP). We demonstrate TIMP numerically-reconstructing 15 frames of a complexed-valued dynamic object from a single noisy camera snapshot. Experimentally, we demonstrate SSP with single pulse illumination with pulse duration of 150 psec, where its spectral bandwidth can support 30 fsec pulses.
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35
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Pan C, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Qi J, Yao J, Zhang C, Hill WT, Xu J. Direct visualization of light confinement and standing wave in THz Fabry-Perot resonator with Bragg mirrors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9768-9777. [PMID: 28468357 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time the ability to perform time resolved imaging of terahertz (THz) waves propagating within a Fabry-Perot resonator on a LiNbO3 slab. Electro-optic effect is used to record the full spatiotemporal evolution of THz fields inside the resonator. In addition to revealing the real-space behavior, the data further demonstrate the confinement and the standing wave modes of THz in the cavity in frequency domain. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. Using the coherent imaging technique to gain real-time information about a resonator system provides a unique path to study the physics of optical cavity.
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36
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Quantum Control of Population Transfer and Vibrational States via Chirped Pulses in Four Level Density Matrix Equations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Bertoni R, Lorenc M, Cailleau H, Tissot A, Laisney J, Boillot ML, Stoleriu L, Stancu A, Enachescu C, Collet E. Elastically driven cooperative response of a molecular material impacted by a laser pulse. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:606-10. [PMID: 27019383 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced phase transformations occur when a laser pulse impacts a material, thereby transforming its electronic and/or structural orders, consequently affecting the functionalities. The transient nature of photoinduced states has thus far severely limited the scope of applications. It is of paramount importance to explore whether structural feedback during the solid deformation has the capacity to amplify and stabilize photoinduced transformations. Contrary to coherent optical phonons, which have long been under scrutiny, coherently propagating cell deformations over acoustic timescales have not been explored to a similar degree, particularly with respect to cooperative elastic interactions. Herein we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, a self-amplified responsiveness in a spin-crossover material during its delayed volume expansion. The cooperative response at the material scale prevails above a threshold excitation, significantly extending the lifetime of photoinduced states. Such elastically driven cooperativity triggered by a light pulse offers an efficient route towards the generation and stabilization of photoinduced phases in many volume-changing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bertoni
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maciej Lorenc
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hervé Cailleau
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Laisney
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Laure Boillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurentiu Stoleriu
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Stancu
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Enachescu
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eric Collet
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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38
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Somma C, Folpini G, Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T. Two-Phonon Quantum Coherences in Indium Antimonide Studied by Nonlinear Two-Dimensional Terahertz Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:177401. [PMID: 27176538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of two-phonon quantum coherences in a semiconductor. Two-dimensional terahertz (THz) spectra recorded with a sequence of three THz pulses display strong two-phonon signals, clearly distinguished from signals due to interband two-photon absorption and electron tunneling. The two-phonon coherences originate from impulsive off-resonant excitation in the nonperturbative regime of light-matter interaction. A theoretical analysis provides the relevant Liouville pathways, showing that nonlinear interactions using the large interband dipole moment generate stronger two-phonon excitations than linear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Somma
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Ofori-Okai BK, Sivarajah P, Ronny Huang W, Nelson KA. THz generation using a reflective stair-step echelon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:5057-5068. [PMID: 29092334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.005057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel method for THz generation in lithium niobate using a reflective stair-step echelon structure. The echelon produces a discretely tilted pulse front with less angular dispersion compared to a high groove-density grating. The THz output was characterized using both a 1-lens and 3-lens imaging system to set the tilt angle at room and cryogenic temperatures. Using broadband 800 nm pulses with a pulse energy of 0.95 mJ and a pulse duration of 70 fs (24 nm FWHM bandwidth, 39 fs transform limited width), we produced THz pulses with field strengths as high as 500 kV/cm and pulse energies as high as 3.1 μJ. The highest conversion efficiency we obtained was 0.33%. In addition, we find that the echelon is easily implemented into an experimental setup for quick alignment and optimization.
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40
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Zhang B, Wu Q, Pan C, Feng R, Xu J, Lou C, Wang X, Yang F. THz band-stop filter using metamaterials surfaced on LiNbO(3) sub-wavelength slab waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:16042-16051. [PMID: 26193578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.016042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We designed and implemented periodic bar arrays metamaterials to select appropriate frequencies of terahertz (THz) waves propagating in a LiNbO(3) sub-wavelength waveguide. The spatial and temporal electric field profiles of the THz waves were recorded using a time-resolved phase-contrast imaging system. The metamaterials can operate as a band-stop filter to realize blocking back THz waves in a band range of 0.6-1.0 THz, while transparent transmission for the fundamental mode of the slab over a range of 0.3-0.6 THz.
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41
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Tamamitsu M, Nakagawa K, Horisaki R, Iwasaki A, Oishi Y, Tsukamoto A, Kannari F, Sakuma I, Goda K. Design for sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography with optimum temporal performance. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:633-636. [PMID: 25680168 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed ultrafast burst imaging method known as sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) [Nat. Photonics8, 695 (2014)10.1038/nphoton.2014.163] has been shown effective for studying a diverse range of complex ultrafast phenomena. Its all-optical image separation circumvents mechanical and electronic restrictions that traditional burst imaging methods have long struggled with, hence realizing ultrafast, continuous, burst-type image recording at a fame rate far beyond what is achievable with conventional methods. In this Letter, considering various design parameters and limiting factors, we present an optimum design for STAMP in terms of temporal properties including exposure time and frame rate. Specifically, we first derive master equations that can be used to predict the temporal performance of a STAMP system and then analyze them to realize optimum conditions. This Letter serves as a general guideline for the camera parameters of a STAMP system with optimum temporal performance that is expected to be of use for tackling problems in science that are previously unsolvable with conventional imagers.
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42
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Nanoplasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications. NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY SERIES B: PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9133-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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43
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One-dimensional surface phonon polaritons in boron nitride nanotubes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4782. [PMID: 25154586 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface polaritons, which are electromagnetic waves coupled to material charge oscillations, have enabled applications in concentrating, guiding and harvesting optical energy below the diffraction limit. Surface plasmon polaritons involve oscillations of electrons and are accessible in noble metals at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, whereas surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) rely on phonon resonances in polar materials, and are active in the mid-infrared. Noble metal surface plasmon polaritons have limited applications in the mid-infrared. SPhPs at flat interfaces normally possess long polariton wavelengths and provide modest field confinement/enhancement. Here we demonstrate propagating SPhPs in a one-dimensional material consisting of a boron nitride nanotube at mid-infrared wavelengths. The observed SPhP exhibits high field confinement and enhancement, and a very high effective index (neff~70). We show that the modal and propagation length characteristics of the SPhPs may be controlled through the nanotube size and the supporting substrates, enabling mid-infrared applications.
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Dai S, Fei Z, Ma Q, Rodin AS, Wagner M, McLeod AS, Liu MK, Gannett W, Regan W, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Thiemens M, Dominguez G, Castro Neto AH, Zettl A, Keilmann F, Jarillo-Herrero P, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Tunable phonon polaritons in atomically thin van der Waals crystals of boron nitride. Science 2014; 343:1125-9. [PMID: 24604197 DOI: 10.1126/science.1246833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures assembled from atomically thin crystalline layers of diverse two-dimensional solids are emerging as a new paradigm in the physics of materials. We used infrared nanoimaging to study the properties of surface phonon polaritons in a representative van der Waals crystal, hexagonal boron nitride. We launched, detected, and imaged the polaritonic waves in real space and altered their wavelength by varying the number of crystal layers in our specimens. The measured dispersion of polaritonic waves was shown to be governed by the crystal thickness according to a scaling law that persists down to a few atomic layers. Our results are likely to hold true in other polar van der Waals crystals and may lead to new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dai
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Werley CA, Fan K, Strikwerda AC, Teo SM, Zhang X, Averitt RD, Nelson KA. Time-resolved imaging of near-fields in THz antennas and direct quantitative measurement of field enhancements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:8551-8567. [PMID: 22513564 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.008551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction between terahertz waves and resonant antennas with sub-cycle temporal and λ/100 spatial resolution. Depositing antennas on a LiNbO₃ waveguide enables non-invasive electro-optic imaging, quantitative field characterization, and direct measurement of field enhancement (up to 40-fold). The spectral response is determined over a bandwidth spanning from DC across multiple resonances, and distinct behavior is observed in the near- and far-field. The scaling of enhancement and resonant frequency with gap size and antenna length agrees well with simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Werley
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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46
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Stockman MI. Nanoplasmonics: past, present, and glimpse into future. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:22029-106. [PMID: 22109053 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.022029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A review of nanoplasmonics is given. This includes fundamentals, nanolocalization of optical energy and hot spots, ultrafast nanoplasmonics and control of the spatiotemporal nanolocalization of optical fields, and quantum nanoplasmonics (spaser and gain-assisted plasmonics). This article reviews both fundamental theoretical ideas in nanoplasmonics and selected experimental developments. It is designed both for specialists in the field and general physics readership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Stockman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
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47
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Yang C, Wu Q, Xu J, Nelson KA, Werley CA. Experimental and theoretical analysis of THz-frequency, direction-dependent, phonon polariton modes in a subwavelength, anisotropic slab waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:26351-26364. [PMID: 21164986 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.026351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond optical pulses were used to generate THz-frequency phonon polariton waves in a 50 micrometer lithium niobate slab, which acts as a subwavelength, anisotropic planar waveguide. The spatial and temporal electric field profiles of the THz waves were recorded for different propagation directions using a polarization gating imaging system, and experimental dispersion curves were determined via a two-dimensional Fourier transform. Dispersion relations for an anisotropic slab waveguide were derived via analytical analysis and found to be in excellent agreement with all observed experimental modes. From the dispersion relations, we analyze the propagation-direction-dependent behavior, effective refractive index values, and generation efficiencies for THz-frequency modes in the subwavelength, anisotropic slab waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, and TEDA Applied Physics School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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48
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Das J, Yamaguchi M. Tunable narrow band THz wave generation from laser induced gas plasma. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:7038-7046. [PMID: 20389724 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.007038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tunable narrowband THz waveforms were generated from laser induced gas plasma using shaped optical pulses. Square wave phase patterns were fed to a spatial light modulator. The frequency and amplitude of the square wave phase were used as parameters to tailor the terahertz waveforms. The dependence of THz waveforms on these parameters has been studied in detail. The presence of the ionization thresholds for pulse shaping is also discussed. We have demonstrated the wide and continuous tunability of the central frequency of the narrowband THz waveform from 2.5 to 7.5THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashis Das
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Esumi Y, Kabir MD, Kannari F. Spatiotemporal vector pulse shaping of femtosecond laser pulses with a multi-pass two-dimensional spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:19153-19159. [PMID: 20372651 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.019153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel non-interferometric vector pulse-shaping scheme is developed for femtosecond laser pulses using a two-dimensional spatial light modulator (2D-SLM). By utilizing spatiotemporal pulse shaping obtainable by the 2D-SLM, we demonstrate spatiotemporal vector pulse shaping for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Esumi
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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50
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Coughlan MA, Plewicki M, Levis RJ. Parametric spatio-temporal control of focusing laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:15808-20. [PMID: 19724581 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.015808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing pulses are created using parametric pulse shaping and characterized with scanning SEA TADPOLE. Multiple foci are created with optically-controlled longitudal and transverse spatial positions. The characterized foci are in agreement with the predictions of a Fourier optics model. The measurements reveal significant pulse front tilt resulting from the simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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