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Liang RY, Dong CQ, Yuan L, Jiang BY, Wang DM, Chen WH. [Progress in the epidemiological studies on coal mine dust exposure with workers' health damage]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:476-480. [PMID: 35785908 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210918-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal is one of the major fuels, which brings huge energy and economic benefits to global industry and daily life. large amounts of coal dust produced in the process of coal mining and transportation, which seriously threatens the health of related workers. Productive coal dust exposure not only directly leads to respiratory diseases, but also may cause health damage to various systems throughout the body. Numerous studies have shown that coal dust exposure is closely associated with decreased lung function, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, and the severity of diseases is affected by coal rank, coal dust concentration, cumulative dust exposure, coal dust composition, and individual lifestyle, etc. The article comprehensively summarized the progress of the epidemiological studies on the health hazards of coal miners from coal dust exposure, in order to provide clues for further researches on health damage and protect the health of the occupational population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - C Q Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - L Yuan
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Huainan 232001, China
| | - B Y Jiang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Huainan 232001, China
| | - D M Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - W H Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Jiang BY, Salitana A, Yusufu M, Zhang JY, Wang JZ, Deng F, Zhang Y, Sun S. [Prokaryotic expression and purification of nucleoprotein of Guertu virus and its establishment of ELISA detection method]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:824-830. [PMID: 35791033 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220326-00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To obtain purified protein antigen of guertu virus (GTV) nucleoprotein (NP) and establish a rapid and accurate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detection of GTV antibody. Methods: Codon optimized GTV NP encoding genes were synthesized, cloned into the pet32a (+) vector, and recombinant expression plasmids were constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3). Recombinant protein (rNP) obtained from the optimized expression were purified over a Ni column and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purified protein was used as the antigen to optimize the reaction conditions, and an indirect ELISA assay for GTV IgG antibody was developed and optimized, which was evaluated and initially applied. Results: The prokaryotic expression plasmid pet32a-NP was successfully constructed, the recombinant protein was highly expressed in E. coli in the form of inclusion bodies, the size was about 44 kD, and the results of Western blot indicated that the recombinant protein had good antigenicity with GTV positive serum. The optimized ELISA (GTV-rNP-iELISA) established in this study showed strong specificity, high sensitivity, and the coefficient of variation within and between batches is less than 10%, and has good repeatability; the detection results are consistent with the IFA detection results. Using the established ELISA method to detect 162 sheep sera from some regions of Xinjiang in 2017-2019, the total positive rate of antibodies was 39.8%. Conclusions: The GTV NP antibody detection ELISA method has good sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity and has the potential to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis and serological investigation of GTV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Jiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering/College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Alai Salitana
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering/College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Meilipaiti Yusufu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering/College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering/College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Z Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - F Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yujiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830092, China
| | - Surong Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering/College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Jing R, Shao Y, Fei Z, Lo CFB, Vitalone RA, Ruta FL, Staunton J, Zheng WJC, Mcleod AS, Sun Z, Jiang BY, Chen X, Fogler MM, Millis AJ, Liu M, Cobden DH, Xu X, Basov DN. Terahertz response of monolayer and few-layer WTe 2 at the nanoscale. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5594. [PMID: 34552072 PMCID: PMC8458490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) is an atomically layered transition metal dichalcogenide whose physical properties change systematically from monolayer to bilayer and few-layer versions. In this report, we use apertureless scattering-type near-field optical microscopy operating at Terahertz (THz) frequencies and cryogenic temperatures to study the distinct THz range electromagnetic responses of mono-, bi- and trilayer WTe2 in the same multi-terraced micro-crystal. THz nano-images of monolayer terraces uncovered weakly insulating behavior that is consistent with transport measurements. The near-field signal on bilayer regions shows moderate metallicity with negligible temperature dependence. Subdiffractional THz imaging data together with theoretical calculations involving thermally activated carriers favor the semimetal scenario with [Formula: see text] over the semiconductor scenario for bilayer WTe2. Also, we observed clear metallic behavior of the near-field signal on trilayer regions. Our data are consistent with the existence of surface plasmon polaritons in the THz range confined to trilayer terraces in our specimens. Finally, data for microcrystals up to 12 layers thick reveal how the response of a few-layer WTe2 asymptotically approaches the bulk limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jing
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zaiyao Fei
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Staunton
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bor-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - David H Cobden
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sunku SS, McLeod AS, Stauber T, Yoo H, Halbertal D, Ni G, Sternbach A, Jiang BY, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kim P, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Nano-photocurrent Mapping of Local Electronic Structure in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2958-2964. [PMID: 32052976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined nano-photocurrent and infrared nanoscopy study of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) enabling access to the local electronic phenomena at length scales as short as 20 nm. We show that the photocurrent changes sign at carrier densities tracking the local superlattice density of states of TBG. We use this property to identify domains of varying local twist angle by local photothermoelectric effect. Consistent with the photocurrent study, infrared nanoimaging experiments reveal optical conductivity features dominated by twist-angle-dependent interband transitions. Our results provide a fast and robust method for mapping the electronic structure of TBG and suggest that similar methods can be broadly applied to probe electronic inhomogeneities of Moiré superlattices in other van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Alexander S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Departamento de Teoría y Simulación de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Hyobin Yoo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Dorri Halbertal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Guangxin Ni
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Aaron Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Bor-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
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Li YS, Jiang BY, Yang JJ, Zhang XC, Zhang Z, Ye JY, Zhong WZ, Tu HY, Chen HJ, Wang Z, Xu CR, Wang BC, Du HJ, Chuai S, Han-Zhang H, Su J, Zhou Q, Yang XN, Guo WB, Yan HH, Liu YH, Yan LX, Huang B, Zheng MM, Wu YL. Unique genetic profiles from cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA in leptomeningeal metastases of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer: a new medium of liquid biopsy. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:945-952. [PMID: 29346604 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are more frequent in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Due to limited access to leptomeningeal lesions, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a source of liquid biopsy in patients with LM. Patients and methods Primary tumor, CSF, and plasma in NSCLC with LM were tested by next-generation sequencing. In total, 45 patients with suspected LM underwent lumbar puncture, and those with EGFR mutations diagnosed with LM were enrolled. Results A total of 28 patients were enrolled in this cohort; CSF and plasma were available in 26 patients, respectively. Driver genes were detected in 100% (26/26), 84.6% (22/26), and 73.1% (19/26) of samples comprising CSF cell-free DNA (cfDNA), CSF precipitates, and plasma, respectively; 92.3% (24/26) of patients had much higher allele fractions in CSF cfDNA than the other two media. Unique genetic profiles were captured in CSF cfDNA compared with those in plasma and primary tissue. Multiple copy number variations (CNVs) were mainly identified in CSF cfDNA, and MET copy number gain identified in 47.8% (11/23) of patients was the most frequent one, while other CNVs included ERBB2, KRAS, ALK, and MYC. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of TP53 was identified in 73.1% (19/26) CSF cfDNA, which was much higher than that in plasma (2/26, 7.7%; P < 0.001). There was a trend towards a higher frequency of concomitant resistance mutations in patients with TP53 LOH than those without (70.6% versus 33.3%; P = 0.162). EGFR T790M was identified in CSF cfDNA of 30.4% (7/23) of patients who experienced TKI progression. Conclusion CSF cfDNA could reveal the unique genetic profiles of LM and should be considered as the most representative liquid biopsy medium for LM in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Y Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J J Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X C Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Y Ye
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Z Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Y Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H J Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C R Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B C Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H J Du
- Department of Pulmonology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Chuai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - J Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X N Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - W B Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H H Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L X Yan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - M M Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Dai S, Fang W, Rivera N, Stehle Y, Jiang BY, Shen J, Tay RY, Ciccarino CJ, Ma Q, Rodan-Legrain D, Jarillo-Herrero P, Teo EHT, Fogler MM, Narang P, Kong J, Basov DN. Phonon Polaritons in Monolayers of Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1806603. [PMID: 31353629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phonon polaritons in van der Waals materials reveal significant confinement accompanied with long propagation length: important virtues for tasks pertaining to the control of light and energy flow at the nanoscale. While previous studies of phonon polaritons have relied on relatively thick samples, here reported is the first observation of surface phonon polaritons in single atomic layers and bilayers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Using antenna-based near-field microscopy, propagating surface phonon polaritons in mono- and bilayer hBN microcrystals are imaged. Phonon polaritons in monolayer hBN are confined in a volume about one million times smaller than the free-space photons. Both the polariton dispersion and their wavelength-thickness scaling law are altered compared to those of hBN bulk counterparts. These changes are attributed to phonon hardening in monolayer-thick crystals. The data reported here have bearing on applications of polaritons in metasurfaces and ultrathin optical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wenjing Fang
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yijing Stehle
- Sichuan University Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610017, China
| | - Bor-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jialiang Shen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Roland Yingjie Tay
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Christopher J Ciccarino
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Rodan-Legrain
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Edwin Hang Tong Teo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dimitri N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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7
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Sunku SS, Ni GX, Jiang BY, Yoo H, Sternbach A, McLeod AS, Stauber T, Xiong L, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kim P, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Photonic crystals for nano-light in moiré graphene superlattices. Science 2019; 362:1153-1156. [PMID: 30523109 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an atomically thin plasmonic medium that supports highly confined plasmon polaritons, or nano-light, with very low loss. Electronic properties of graphene can be drastically altered when it is laid upon another graphene layer, resulting in a moiré superlattice. The relative twist angle between the two layers is a key tuning parameter of the interlayer coupling in thus-obtained twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). We studied the propagation of plasmon polaritons in TBG by infrared nano-imaging. We discovered that the atomic reconstruction occurring at small twist angles transforms the TBG into a natural plasmon photonic crystal for propagating nano-light. This discovery points to a pathway for controlling nano-light by exploiting quantum properties of graphene and other atomically layered van der Waals materials, eliminating the need for arduous top-down nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - G X Ni
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - B Y Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Yoo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Stauber
- Departamento de Teoría y Simulación de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - P Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Jiang BY, Mele EJ, Fogler MM. Theory of plasmon reflection by a 1D junction. Opt Express 2018; 26:17209-17226. [PMID: 30119535 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the reflection of normally incident plasmon waves from a low-conductivity 1D junction in a 2D conductive sheet. Rigorous analytical results are derived in the limits of wide and narrow junctions. Two types of phenomena determine the reflectance, the cavity resonances within the junction and the capacitive coupling between the leads. The resonances give rise to alternating strong and weak reflection but are vulnerable to plasmonic damping. The capacitive coupling, which is immune to damping, induces a near perfect plasmon reflection in junctions narrower than 1/10 of the plasmon wavelength. Our results are important for infrared 2D plasmonic circuits utilizing slot antennas, split gates or nanowire gates. They are also relevant for the implementation of nanoscale terahertz detectors, where optimal light absorption coincides with the maximal junction reflectance.
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9
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Jiang BY, Ni GX, Addison Z, Shi JK, Liu X, Zhao SYF, Kim P, Mele EJ, Basov DN, Fogler MM. Plasmon Reflections by Topological Electronic Boundaries in Bilayer Graphene. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7080-7085. [PMID: 28967761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls separating regions of AB and BA interlayer stacking in bilayer graphene have attracted attention as novel examples of structural solitons, topological electronic boundaries, and nanoscale plasmonic scatterers. We show that strong coupling of domain walls to surface plasmons observed in infrared nanoimaging experiments is due to topological chiral modes confined to the walls. The optical transitions among these chiral modes and the band continua enhance the local conductivity, which leads to plasmon reflection by the domain walls. The imaging reveals two kinds of plasmonic standing-wave interference patterns, which we attribute to shear and tensile domain walls. We compute the electronic structure of both wall varieties and show that the tensile wall contains additional confined bands which produce a structure-specific contrast of the local conductivity, in agreement with the experiment. The coupling between the confined modes and the surface plasmon scattering unveiled in this work is expected to be common to other topological electronic boundaries found in van der Waals materials. This coupling provides a qualitatively new pathway toward controlling plasmons in nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Guang-Xin Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zachariah Addison
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jing K Shi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shu Yang Frank Zhao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eugene J Mele
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dimitri N Basov
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Physics, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Huo ZF, Chen CL, Liu P, Ma B, Duan H, Jiang BY, Tang YX, Xu YJ, Zhu JH. [Analysis of related factors on effects of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of dysmenorrhea of adenomyosis and the construction and validation of prediction model]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2017; 51:650-656. [PMID: 27671044 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the related factors on effects of uterine artery embolization(UAE)in the treatment of dysmenorrhea in patients with adenomyosis, and to construct and validate the efficacy prediction model. Methods: A total of 127 cases of adenomyosis patients with symptoms of dysmenorrhea in Guangzhou No.1 People's Hospital and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 1999 to December 2009 were reviewed. The evaluation standard was to improve the degree of dysmenorrhea, the related factors of efficacy were analysed. Combined with artificial neural network theory, the effect prediction model was constructed, and the effectiveness of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, and the effectiveness of the cut-off point was calculated. The model was validated by 68 cases of patients with adenomyosis in the Nanfang Hospital from January 2010 to November 2014. Results: (1)In 127 cases of dysmenorrhea patients, UAE treatment was effective in 98 cases, effective rate was 77.2%(98/127).(2)Age was an independent predictor of effective UAE treatment(HR= 1.129, P=0.026); in the range of this study, the greater the age, the higher the UAE treatment efficiency.(3)The developing situation of ovary branches of uterine artery was an independent predictor of effective UAE treatment(HR=0.460, P=0.020), the efficiency of patients whose intraoperative bilateral uterine artery ovarian branch did not develop was 89.7%(35/39), the efficiency of patients whose unilateral uterine artery ovarian branch was developing was 84.1%(37/44)and the efficiency of patients whose bilateral uterine artery ovarian branch were developing was 59.1%(26/44).(4)Blood supply of adenomyosisis was an independent predictor of effective UAE treatment(HR=0.313, P=0.001). Type Ⅰ(bilateral predominated)patients, efficiency was 93.5%(43/46); type Ⅱ(bilateral balanced)patients, efficiency was 78.0%(39/50); type Ⅲ(unilateral predominated)patients, efficiency was 51.6%(16/31).(5)UAE for the treatment of adenomyosis efficacy of artificial neural network prediction model was constructed, the model's area under the ROC curve was 0.808, the optimal cut-off point was 0.669 13. Actual verification of the model, sensitivity was 96.5%, specificity was 81.8%, positive predictive value was 96.5% and negative predictive value was 81.8%, the total accuracy was 94.1%. Conclusions: (1)Age, the developing situation of ovary branches and blood supply of adenomyosis are the independent predictors of effective UAE treatment.(2)The artificial neural network prediction model is satisfied with the accuracy and the accuracy of prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Yang JJ, Zhou Q, Yan HH, Zhang XC, Chen HJ, Tu HY, Wang Z, Xu CR, Su J, Wang BC, Jiang BY, Bai XY, Zhong WZ, Yang XN, Wu YL. A phase III randomised controlled trial of erlotinib vs gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:568-574. [PMID: 28103612 PMCID: PMC5344291 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A phase III trial was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of erlotinib with that of gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in exon 19 or 21. Methods: Eligible patients were randomised to receive erlotinib (150 mg per day) or gefitinib (250 mg per day) orally until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. We aimed to determine whether erlotinib is superior to gefitinib in efficacy. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Results: A total of 256 patients were randomised to receive erlotinib (N=128) or gefitinib (N=128). Median progression-free survival was not better with erlotinib than with gefitinib (13.0 vs 10.4 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–1.05, P=0.108). The corresponding response rates and median overall survival were 56.3% vs 52.3% (P=0.530) and 22.9 vs 20.1 months (95% CI 0.63–1.13, P=0.250), respectively. There were no significant differences in grade 3/4 toxicities between the two arms (P=0.172). Conclusions: The primary end point was not met. Erlotinib was not significantly superior to gefitinib in terms of efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in exon 19 or 21, and the two treatments had similar toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H H Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X C Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H J Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Y Tu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C R Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B C Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Y Jiang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Y Bai
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Z Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X N Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wong M, Jiang BY, McNeill K, Farish S, Kirkham B, Chowienczyk P. Effects of selective and non‐selective cyclo‐oxygenase inhibition on endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 36:265-9. [PMID: 17763203 DOI: 10.1080/03009740701286771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk that has been attributed to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been shown in some studies to improve endothelial function in subjects without RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COX inhibition on endothelial function in patients with RA. METHODS Patients with RA (n = 37) were randomized to receive a 2-week course of either indomethacin (75 mg bd), rofecoxib (12.5 mg bd), or placebo in a double-blind study. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to reactive hyperaemia. Arterial stiffness was also assessed using pulse wave analysis (PWA) through the measurement of the aortic augmentation index (AIx). Measurements of vascular function and inflammatory markers were taken before and at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS There were no significant differences in changes in FMD, AIx, blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) between groups. However, compared with the other treatment groups, there was a tendency for systolic BP to decrease in the placebo group (p = 0.063) and for creatinine to increase in the indomethacin and rofecoxib groups after treatment (p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that COX inhibition by indomethacin or rofecoxib do not improve endothelial function in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wong
- Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Wong M, Oakley SP, Young L, Jiang BY, Wierzbicki A, Panayi G, Chowienczyk P, Kirkham B. Infliximab improves vascular stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:1277-84. [PMID: 18930987 PMCID: PMC2703705 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.086157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased cardiovascular mortality. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)-blocking therapy has been shown to reduce RA disease activity measures and joint damage progression. Some observational studies suggest that TNFα blockade reduces mortality and incidence of first cardiovascular events. The mechanisms contributing to these outcomes are unclear. This study assessed the effects of infliximab treatment on vascular stiffness and structure in patients with RA. Methods: A post hoc analysis of longitudinal data from a randomised placebo controlled study evaluated the effect of infliximab on vascular assessments. 26 patients received intravenous infliximab (3 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter to week 54. Patients were followed up to 56 weeks of infliximab therapy with assessments of RA disease activity, cardiovascular risk factors, vascular stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV)), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and carotid artery plaque (CAP). Univariate analyses of changes over time by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were followed by multivariate time-series regression analysis (TSRA) if changes were seen. Results: PWV was significantly lower (better) after 56 weeks of treatment with infliximab (ANOVA p<0.01, TSRA p<0.01). However, CIMT (ANOVA p = 0.50) and CAP (χ2 = 4.13, p = 0.88) did not change over the study period. Multiple cardiovascular risk measures did not change with treatment and did not correlate with changes in measures of vascular structure. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness improves with infliximab treatment in RA. This change may help explain the improved cardiovascular disease survival in patients with RA receiving TNFα-blocking therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wong
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Jiang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Inoue M, Suzuki R, Sakaguchi N, Li Z, Takeda T, Ogihara Y, Jiang BY, Chen Y. Selective induction of cell death in cancer cells by gallic acid. Biol Pharm Bull 1995; 18:1526-30. [PMID: 8593472 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a naturally occurring plant phenol obtained by the hydrolysis of tannins and is know to show some pharmacological activities. In screening anti-cancer agents in traditional Chinese medicines, gallic acid was found to show cytotoxicity against all cancer cells that we examined in this study (IC50s: 4.8-13.2 micrograms/ml). Gallic acid was found to show cytotoxicity against primary cultured rat hepatocytes and macrophages, and lesser cytotoxicity against fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Cell death in dRLh-84 cells occurred within 6h after gallic acid treatment at a concentration of more than 20 micrograms/ml. A study of structurally related compounds suggested that the cytotoxicity shown by gallic acid was not a common feature in phenolic compounds, but was a fairly specific characteristic of gallic acid. That is, three adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups of gallic acid were responsible for the cytotoxicity, and the carboxyl group was not responsible, but seemed to be implicated in distinguishing between normal cells and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
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Chen CZ, Wang YS, Feng ZR, Ye CX, Zhu HS, Jiang BY. Modified Wicomb's apparatus for preservation of heart for 24 hours. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991; 104:747-52. [PMID: 1935356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To prolong the time of heart preservation, we modified the Wicomb's perfusion apparatus, in which oxygen flow acts as the source of power and provides oxygenation for the perfused myocardium. Ten adult porcine hearts which had been preserved for 24 hours were resuscitated successfully and continued to beat steadily for more than 1.5-3 hours after reperfusion. Myocardial ultrastructure was observed at the end of preservation and 15-120 minutes after reperfusion. The damages of the myocardial ultrastructure at the end of preservation were reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University
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Hodgson JE, Shi YF, Gao YL, Wu KJ, Jiang BY, Chen YL. Chlamydial infection in a Chinese gynecologic outpatient clinic. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71:96-100. [PMID: 3275913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to detect the presence, if any, of cervical chlamydial infection, we obtained endocervical smears from 1000 female patients attending the outpatient gynecologic and family planning clinics at Women's Hospital, Zheijiang Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Using direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining technique, we identified elementary bodies typical of the Chlamydia trachomatis organism in ten of the 1000 slides (1%). The only characteristic of statistical significance in this small group of infected women was the complaint of infertility for more than two years' duration, noted in six of the ten cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hodgson
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zheijiang Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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