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Jacquemont J, Loiseau C, Tornabene L, Claudet J. 3D ocean assessments reveal that fisheries reach deep but marine protection remains shallow. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4027. [PMID: 38773096 PMCID: PMC11109251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The wave of new global conservation targets, the conclusion of the High Seas Treaty negotiations, and the expansion of extractive use into the deep sea call for a paradigm shift in ocean conservation. The current reductionist 2D representation of the ocean to set targets and measure impacts will fail at achieving effective biodiversity conservation. Here, we develop a framework that overlays depth realms onto marine ecoregions to conduct the first three-dimensional spatial analysis of global marine conservation achievements and fisheries footprint. Our novel approach reveals conservation gaps of mesophotic, rariphotic, and abyssal depths and an underrepresentation of high protection levels across all depths. In contrast, the 3D footprint of fisheries covers all depths, with benthic fishing occurring down to the lower bathyal and mesopelagic fishing peaking in areas overlying abyssal depths. Additionally, conservation efforts are biased towards areas where the lowest fishing pressures occur, compromising the effectiveness of the marine conservation network. These spatial mismatches emphasize the need to shift towards 3D thinking to achieve ocean sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jacquemont
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA, USA.
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France.
| | - Charles Loiseau
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Luke Tornabene
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France.
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2
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Duncan EM, Vieira N, González-Irusta JM, Dominguez-Carrió C, Morato T, Carreiro-Silva M, Jakobsen J, Jakobsen K, Porteiro F, Schläpfer N, Herrera L, Ramos M, Rodríguez Y, Pereira JM, Fauconnet L, Rodrigues L, Parra H, Pham CK. Predicting the distribution and abundance of abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) in the deep sea of the Azores (North Atlantic). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:166579. [PMID: 37652373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG), represents a significant percentage of the global plastic pollution, currently considered one of the major sources from sea-based activities. However, there is still limited understanding of the quantities of ALDFG present on the seafloor and their impacts. In this study, data on the presence of ALDFG was obtained from a large archive of seafloor video footage (351 dives) collected by different imaging platforms in the Azores region over 15 years (2006-2020). Most ALDFG items observed in the images relate to the local bottom longline fishery operating in the region, and include longlines but also anchors, weights, cables and buoys. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to predict the distribution and abundance of ALDFG over the seafloor within the limits of the Azores Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) using a suite of environmental and anthropogenic variables. We estimated an average of 113 ± 310 items km-2 (597 ± 756 per km-2 above 1000 m depth), which could imply that over 20 million ALDFG items are present on the deep seafloor of the Azores EEZ. The resulting model identified potential hotspots of ALDFG along the seabed, some of them located over sensitive benthic habitats, such as specific seamounts. In addition, the interactions between ALDFG and benthic organisms were also analysed. Numerous entanglements were observed with several species of large anthozoans and sponges. The use of predictive distribution modelling for ALDFG should be regarded as a useful tool to support ecosystem-based management, which can provide indirect information about fishing pressure and allow the identification of potential high-risk areas. Additional knowledge about the sources, amounts, fates and impacts of ALDFG will be key to address the global issue of plastic pollution and the effects of fishing on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Duncan
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Nina Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos Dominguez-Carrió
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal; IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Telmo Morato
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal; IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Marina Carreiro-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal; IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | - Filipe Porteiro
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Nina Schläpfer
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Laura Herrera
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ramos
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal; IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Yasmina Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - João M Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Laurence Fauconnet
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Luís Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal; IMAR Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Hugo Parra
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Christopher K Pham
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.
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3
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Bridges AEH, Barnes DKA, Bell JB, Ross RE, Voges L, Howell KL. Filling the data gaps: Transferring models from data-rich to data-poor deep-sea areas to support spatial management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118325. [PMID: 37390730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Spatial management of the deep sea is challenging due to limited available data on the distribution of species and habitats to support decision making. In the well-studied North Atlantic, predictive models of species distribution and habitat suitability have been used to fill data gaps and support sustainable management. In the South Atlantic and other poorly studied regions, this is not possible due to a massive lack of data. In this study, we investigated whether models constructed in data-rich areas can be used to inform data-poor regions (with otherwise similar environmental conditions). We used a novel model transfer approach to identify to what extent a habitat suitability model for Desmophyllum pertusum reef, built in a data-rich basin (North Atlantic), could be transferred usefully to a data-poor basin (South Atlantic). The transferred model was built using the Maximum Entropy algorithm and constructed with 227 presence and 3064 pseudo-absence points, and 200 m resolution environmental grids. Performance in the transferred region was validated using an independent dataset of D. pertusum presences and absences, with assessments made using both threshold-dependent and -independent metrics. We found that a model for D. pertusum reef fitted to North Atlantic data transferred reasonably well to the South Atlantic basin, with an area under the curve of 0.70. Suitable habitat for D. pertusum reef was predicted on 20 of the assessed 27 features including seamounts. Nationally managed Marine Protected Areas provide significant protection for D. pertusum reef habitat in the region, affording full protection from bottom trawling to 14 of the 20 suitable features. In areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), we found four seamounts that provided suitable habitat for D. pertusum reef to be at least partially protected from bottom trawling, whilst two did not fall within fisheries closures. There are factors to consider when developing models for transfer including data resolution and predictor type. Nevertheless, the promising results of this application demonstrate that model transfer approaches stand to provide significant contributions to spatial planning processes through provision of new, best available data. This is particularly true for ABNJ and areas that have previously undergone little scientific exploration such as the global south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E H Bridges
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK.
| | | | - James B Bell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Rebecca E Ross
- Benthic Communities Research Group, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | - Lizette Voges
- South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation, Swakopmund, Namibia
| | - Kerry L Howell
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Washburn TW, Simon-Lledó E, Soong GY, Suzuki A. Seamount mining test provides evidence of ecological impacts beyond deposition. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00815-1. [PMID: 37453422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In July 2020, Japan undertook the first deep-sea mining test of cobalt-rich crusts on the summit of Takuyo-Daigo Seamount within their exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Seabed mining regulations are currently being developed by the International Seabed Authority (ISA)1; however, a lack of experimental data has so far constrained our understanding of the associated impacts, particularly from the release of sediment plumes.2 The area of sediment re-deposition from the crust mining test was determined using modeled data and in situ observations. To investigate biological impacts, variations in seabed megafauna (animals > 1 cm) were quantified from seabed imagery collected around the excavation site before, 1 month, and 13 months after the test in areas both inside and outside (adjacent) expected deposition. Observable responses varied across community components: densities of sessile animals were similar between deposition and adjacent areas throughout the study; mobile epifauna were less abundant only in the deposition area following disturbance; and highly mobile swimmers showed reduced densities after the test in both deposition and adjacent areas following disturbance. These results stress that monitoring of highly mobile taxa may be essential to fully assess disturbance extent and magnitude. Fish may avoid areas even outside plume deposition, possibly owing to the creation of suboptimal feeding patches resulting from deposition. Our findings suggest sufficiently large (>300 × 300 m), distant, and representative control areas are essential to optimally map deep-sea mining impacts in ferromanganese crust habitats to ensure impact assessments encompass the full range of functional components in the megabenthic community (including mobile fishes) that typically inhabit seamounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Washburn
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan; Research Laboratory on Environmentally-conscious Developments and Technologies [E-code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan.
| | - Erik Simon-Lledó
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, SO14 3ZH Southampton, UK
| | - Giun Yee Soong
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan; Research Laboratory on Environmentally-conscious Developments and Technologies [E-code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
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5
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Shi P, Yang J, Sun D, Wang C. A simulation from offsite disturbance experiments on the metal resuspension process in the seafloor of the Western Pacific. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137042. [PMID: 36419264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea mining technology has developed rapidly in recent years. As an environmental concern of deep-sea mining, the impacts of sediment resuspension are not fully understood. To predict the threats to the deep-sea environment, the resuspension process of metals from solids to the dissolved phase was explored by conducting off-site artificial disturbance experiments in a nitrogen glove box. A magnetic stirring operation at 800 rpm for 20 min was set to simulate the resuspension process. Surface sediments from two multicore sampling stations (MC01 and MC08) were treated by two sediment-water ratios (1:3 and 1:10) simulating different disturbance intensities. The concentrations of dissolved metals in the overlying water before and after the perturbation experiment were analyzed after two filtration extraction methods (0.22 μm and 3 kDa). According to the observed behaviors, three groups of metals were distinguished: (1) metals whose concentrations were elevated after the disturbance, such as V, Rb, Mo, and Cd; (2) metals whose concentrations were depressed after the disturbance, such as Zn, Ga, Co, Cu, and Pb; and (3) metals whose behaviors were inconsistent between the stations, such as Li, Mn, Ni, and Cs. The disturbance-induced resuspension of metals was highly influenced by sediment compositions, such as the morphological states of metals in sediments and clay mineral composition. Instead, the particle concentration effect was less significant. Moreover, there was no evidence that colloids in the overlying water played a significant role in the remobilization of metals during the experiments. Considering the elevation of concentrations of V, Rb, Mo, and Cd in the overlying water after disturbance, the long-term impacts of these metals on the seafloor environments of the Western Pacific should be further explored in combination with temperature and pressure effects, as well as the tolerance of organisms to these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Shi
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Williams R, Erbe C, Duncan A, Nielsen K, Washburn T, Smith C. Noise from deep-sea mining may span vast ocean areas. Science 2022; 377:157-158. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Potential harm is understudied and largely overlooked
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alec Duncan
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Travis Washburn
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Craig Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Madyarova E, Shirokova Y, Gurkov A, Drozdova P, Baduev B, Lubyaga Y, Shatilina Z, Vishnevskaya M, Timofeyev M. Metabolic Tolerance to Atmospheric Pressure of Two Freshwater Endemic Amphipods Mostly Inhabiting the Deep-Water Zone of the Ancient Lake Baikal. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070578. [PMID: 35886754 PMCID: PMC9325015 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Deep-water habitats are the largest ecosystem on the planet: over half of the Earth’s surface is covered with a water layer deeper than 200 m and remains poorly explored. Lake Baikal is the only freshwater body inhabited by animals adapted to the deep-water zone independently from their marine counterparts. Comparing these convergently evolved freshwater and marine animals is invaluable for revealing the basic mechanisms of adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure. However, laboratory experiments on deep-water organisms still usually require lifting them to the water’s surface and exposing them to potentially hazardous decompression, while endemics from Lake Baikal are poorly studied in this regard. Here, we compared metabolic reactions to such pressure decreases in two Baikal deep-water amphipods (shrimp-like crustaceans) from the genus Ommatogammarus: one species is known to tolerate pressures close to atmospheric levels, while the second was only observed at the pressures from 5 atm and above. We expected that the energy metabolism of the shallower-dwelling species would function better under the atmospheric pressure but found no substantial differences. Thus, despite some difference in long-term survival at atmospheric pressure, both species are suitable for laboratory studies as freshwater model objects adapted to large pressure variations. Abstract Lake Baikal is the only freshwater reservoir inhabited by deep-water fauna, which originated mostly from shallow-water ancestors. Ommatogammarus flavus and O. albinus are endemic scavenger amphipods (Amphipoda, Crustacea) dwelling in wide depth ranges of the lake covering over 1300 m. O. flavus had been previously collected close to the surface, while O. albinus has never been found above the depth of 47 m. Since O. albinus is a promising model species for various research, here we tested whether O. albinus is less metabolically adapted to atmospheric pressure than O. flavus. We analyzed a number of energy-related traits (contents of glucose, glycogen and adenylates, as well as lactate dehydrogenase activity) and oxidative stress markers (activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of lipid peroxidation products) after sampling from different depths and after both species’ acclimation to atmospheric pressure. The analyses were repeated in two independent sampling campaigns. We found no consistent signs of metabolic disturbances or oxidative stress in both species right after lifting. Despite O. flavus surviving slightly better in laboratory conditions, during long-term acclimation, both species showed comparable reactions without critical changes. Thus, the obtained data favor using O. albinus along with O. flavus for physiological research under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Madyarova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yulia Shirokova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anton Gurkov
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
- Baikal Research Centre, 664011 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Polina Drozdova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
- Baikal Research Centre, 664011 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Boris Baduev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yulia Lubyaga
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhanna Shatilina
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
- Baikal Research Centre, 664011 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maria Vishnevskaya
- Research Resource Center “Chromas”, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.M.); (Y.S.); (A.G.); (P.D.); (B.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Cordier T, Angeles IB, Henry N, Lejzerowicz F, Berney C, Morard R, Brandt A, Cambon-Bonavita MA, Guidi L, Lombard F, Arbizu PM, Massana R, Orejas C, Poulain J, Smith CR, Wincker P, Arnaud-Haond S, Gooday AJ, de Vargas C, Pawlowski J. Patterns of eukaryotic diversity from the surface to the deep-ocean sediment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9309. [PMID: 35119936 PMCID: PMC8816347 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Remote deep-ocean sediment (DOS) ecosystems are among the least explored biomes on Earth. Genomic assessments of their biodiversity have failed to separate indigenous benthic organisms from sinking plankton. Here, we compare global-scale eukaryotic DNA metabarcoding datasets (18S-V9) from abyssal and lower bathyal surficial sediments and euphotic and aphotic ocean pelagic layers to distinguish plankton from benthic diversity in sediment material. Based on 1685 samples collected throughout the world ocean, we show that DOS diversity is at least threefold that in pelagic realms, with nearly two-thirds represented by abundant yet unknown eukaryotes. These benthic communities are spatially structured by ocean basins and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux from the upper ocean. Plankton DNA reaching the DOS originates from abundant species, with maximal deposition at high latitudes. Its seafloor DNA signature predicts variations in POC export from the surface and reveals previously overlooked taxa that may drive the biological carbon pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Cordier
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- NORCE Climate, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Inès Barrenechea Angeles
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Henry
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP,, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Franck Lejzerowicz
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cédric Berney
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP,, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Morard
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Department of Marine Zoology, Section Crustacea, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, FB 15, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Lionel Guidi
- Laboratoire d’océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230 Nice, France
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Laboratoire d’océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230 Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Pedro Martinez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- FK V IBU, AG Marine Biodiversität, Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ramon Massana
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga Orejas
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Gijón,, Avda Príncipe de Asturias 70 bis, 33212 Gijón, Spain
| | - Julie Poulain
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University Evry, University Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Craig R. Smith
- Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University Evry, University Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Andrew J. Gooday
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP,, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- ID-Gene ecodiagnostics, Confignon, 1232 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
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Ramirez-Llodra E, Trannum HC, Andersen GS, Baeten NJ, Brooks SJ, Escudero-Oñate C, Gundersen H, Kleiv RA, Ibragimova O, Lepland A, Nepstad R, Sandøy R, Schaanning MT, Shimmield T, Yakushev E, Ferrando-Climent L, Høgaas PH. New insights into submarine tailing disposal for a reduced environmental footprint: Lessons learnt from Norwegian fjords. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113150. [PMID: 34847414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Submarine tailing disposal (STD) in fjords from land-based mines is common practice in Norway and takes place in other regions worldwide. We synthesize the results of a multidisciplinary programme on environmental impacts of STDs in Norwegian fjords, providing new knowledge that can be applied to assess and mitigate impact of tailing disposal globally, both for submarine and deep-sea activities. Detailed geological seafloor mapping provided data on natural sedimentation to monitor depositional processes on the seafloor. Modelling and analytical techniques were used to assess the behaviour of tailing particles and process-chemicals in the environment, providing novel tools for monitoring. Toxicity tests showed biological impacts on test species due to particulate and chemical exposure. Hypersedimentation mesocosm and field experiments showed a varying response on the benthos, allowing to determine the transition zone in the STD impact area. Recolonisation studies indicate that full community recovery and normalisation of metal leakage rates may take several decades due to bioturbation and slow burial of sulfidic tailings. The results are synthesised to provide guidelines for the development of best available techniques for STDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Agder, Center for Coastal Research, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Hilde Cecilie Trannum
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; REV Ocean, Oksenøyveien 10, NO-1366 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Guri S Andersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicole J Baeten
- Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Postal Box 6315, Torgarden, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven J Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos Escudero-Oñate
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Instituttveien 18, NO-2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Arne Kleiv
- NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept. of Geoscience and Petroleum, S.P. Andersens veg 15a, NO-7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olga Ibragimova
- NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept. of Geoscience and Petroleum, S.P. Andersens veg 15a, NO-7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aivo Lepland
- Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Postal Box 6315, Torgarden, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Raymond Nepstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Postboks 4762 Torgard, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roar Sandøy
- Sibelco Nordic AS, Løkketangen 20A, NO-1337 Sandvika, Norway
| | | | - Tracy Shimmield
- British geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeniy Yakushev
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Pereira OS, Gonzalez J, Mendoza GF, Le J, Coscino CL, Lee RW, Cortés J, Cordes EE, Levin LA. The dynamic influence of methane seepage on macrofauna inhabiting authigenic carbonates. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olívia S. Pereira
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Jennifer Gonzalez
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Guillermo F. Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Jennifer Le
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Connor L. Coscino
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Raymond W. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Jorge Cortés
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Erik E. Cordes
- Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego California USA
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11
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Danovaro R, Aronson J, Cimino R, Gambi C, Snelgrove PVR, Van Dover C. Marine ecosystem restoration in a changing ocean. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Danovaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121 Italy
| | - James Aronson
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Boulevard St Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
- EcoHealth Network 1330 Beacon St, Suite 355a Brookline MA 02446 U.S.A
| | - Roberto Cimino
- ENI S.p.A., Development, Operations & Technology (DOT) Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Gambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 Italy
| | | | - Cindy Van Dover
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University 135 Duke Marine Lab Road Beaufort NC 28516 U.S.A
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12
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Kaikkonen L, Putten I. We may not know much about the deep sea, but do we care about mining it? PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kaikkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Ingrid Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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13
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Gunton LM, Kupriyanova EK, Alvestad T, Avery L, Blake JA, Biriukova O, Böggemann M, Borisova P, Budaeva N, Burghardt I, Capa M, Georgieva MN, Glasby CJ, Hsueh PW, Hutchings P, Jimi N, Kongsrud JA, Langeneck J, Meißner K, Murray A, Nikolic M, Paxton H, Ramos D, Schulze A, Sobczyk R, Watson C, Wiklund H, Wilson RS, Zhadan A, Zhang J. Annelids of the eastern Australian abyss collected by the 2017 RV 'Investigator' voyage. Zookeys 2021; 1020:1-198. [PMID: 33708002 PMCID: PMC7930015 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, the deep-water (bathyal and abyssal) benthic invertebrate fauna is poorly known in comparison with that of shallow (subtidal and shelf) habitats. Benthic fauna from the deep eastern Australian margin was sampled systematically for the first time during 2017 RV 'Investigator' voyage 'Sampling the Abyss'. Box core, Brenke sledge, and beam trawl samples were collected at one-degree intervals from Tasmania, 42°S, to southern Queensland, 24°S, from 900 to 4800 m depth. Annelids collected were identified by taxonomic experts on individual families around the world. A complete list of all identified species is presented, accompanied with brief morphological diagnoses, taxonomic remarks, and colour images. A total of more than 6000 annelid specimens consisting of 50 families (47 Polychaeta, one Echiura, two Sipuncula) and 214 species were recovered. Twenty-seven species were given valid names, 45 were assigned the qualifier cf., 87 the qualifier sp., and 55 species were considered new to science. Geographical ranges of 16 morphospecies extended along the eastern Australian margin to the Great Australian Bight, South Australia; however, these ranges need to be confirmed with genetic data. This work providing critical baseline biodiversity data on an important group of benthic invertebrates from a virtually unknown region of the world's ocean will act as a springboard for future taxonomic and biogeographic studies in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena K. Kupriyanova
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tom Alvestad
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - James A. Blake
- Aquatic Research & Consulting, Duxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olga Biriukova
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - Polina Borisova
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Budaeva
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria Capa
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | | | | | - Pan-Wen Hsueh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, China
| | - Pat Hutchings
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Naoto Jimi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jon A. Kongsrud
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Karin Meißner
- Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, DZMB, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Murray
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Hannelore Paxton
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anja Schulze
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Sobczyk
- Department of Zoology of Invertebrates and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Charlotte Watson
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Zhadan
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jinghuai Zhang
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Levin LA, Wei C, Dunn DC, Amon DJ, Ashford OS, Cheung WWL, Colaço A, Dominguez‐Carrió C, Escobar EG, Harden‐Davies HR, Drazen JC, Ismail K, Jones DOB, Johnson DE, Le JT, Lejzerowicz F, Mitarai S, Morato T, Mulsow S, Snelgrove PVR, Sweetman AK, Yasuhara M. Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep-sea resource extraction. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4664-4678. [PMID: 32531093 PMCID: PMC7496832 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep-ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep-sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep-seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full-cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth-System Model projections of climate-change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep-seabed mining. Models that combine climate-induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the consequences of altered larval dispersal, predict climate refugia, and identify vulnerable regions for multiple species under climate change. Engaging the deep observing community can support the necessary data provisioning to mainstream climate into the development of environmental management plans. To illustrate this approach, we focus on deep-seabed mining and the International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation of all mineral-related activities in international waters and protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects of mining. However, achieving deep-ocean sustainability under the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require integration of climate consideration across all policy sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and ConservationScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Chih‐Lin Wei
- Institute of OceanographyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Daniel C. Dunn
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia
| | - Diva J. Amon
- Life Sciences DepartmentNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Oliver S. Ashford
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and ConservationScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - William W. L. Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and FisheriesThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Ana Colaço
- IMARInstituto do Mar, and Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar – Okeanos da Universidade dos AçoresHortaPortugal
| | - Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió
- IMARInstituto do Mar, and Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar – Okeanos da Universidade dos AçoresHortaPortugal
| | - Elva G. Escobar
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Harriet R. Harden‐Davies
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and SecurityUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
| | - Jeffrey C. Drazen
- Department of OceanographyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Khaira Ismail
- Faculty of Science and Marine EnvironmentUniversiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala TerengganuMalaysia
| | - Daniel O. B. Jones
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems GroupNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonUK
| | - David E. Johnson
- Global Ocean Biodiversity InitiativeSeascape Consultants Ltd.RomseyUK
| | - Jennifer T. Le
- Integrative Oceanography Division and Center for Marine Biodiversity and ConservationScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Franck Lejzerowicz
- Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Marine Biophysics UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Telmo Morato
- IMARInstituto do Mar, and Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar – Okeanos da Universidade dos AçoresHortaPortugal
| | - Sandor Mulsow
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y LimnológicasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Paul V. R. Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Biology DepartmentMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Andrew K. Sweetman
- The Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and TechnologyHeriot Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Moriaki Yasuhara
- School of Biological Sciences and Swire Institute of Marine ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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15
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Mitchell NC. Comparing the post-WWII publication histories of oceanography and marine geoscience. Scientometrics 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOceanography and marine geosciences are closely related subjects, though they have had differing influences. The UK, which has experienced the financial benefits of North Sea oil and gas, while also having an extensive fishing industry and a science base linked to other English-speaking countries and European countries, potentially illustrates some changing influences and collaborative tendencies well. In this article, differences in article publication rates and collaborative tendencies, both globally and for the UK, are examined using the Web of Science™, Scopus™ and Georef™ for the period 1946–2018. The results show that publication rates of global oceanography articles rose exponentially faster than all global scientific publishing from the mid-1960s to 1980. Subsequently, the exponential rate of increase slowed though has remained faster than global science publishing. Global Marine Geoscience publication rates increased into the late 1980s, but have since declined. UK oceanography has roughly followed global trends, though its share of global oceanographic publishing declined from 28% in the 1950s to 8% in 2018. UK Marine Geoscience publishing has also generally followed global trends for that field. However, its share of global publications abruptly increased from 4.9% (average 1960–1980) to 13.2% by 1990, largely due to articles arising from UK participation in the Deep-Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program. Oceanography and marine geoscience have also experienced strongly differing histories of collaborative articles over the last four decades. While oceanographic articles co-authored with researchers in other countries have been steadily increasing as a share of total UK Oceanography articles, those of marine geoscience peaked in 1990 and have since declined, though remained at high levels similar to those experienced by 2018 in Oceanography. Comparing global publication rates in both fields with measures of data and sample collection at sea suggests fundamental changes occurred in the way research was carried out. For example, Marine Geoscience publication rates were strongly correlated with geophysical track-line distances for the decade until ~1970, but were inversely correlated for the decade after then. This reflects, for example, the development of plate tectonics, which partly involved analysis of existing marine geophysical data, improved equipment capabilities and the increased role of scientific drilling.
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16
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Goffredi SK, Tilic E, Mullin SW, Dawson KS, Keller A, Lee RW, Wu F, Levin LA, Rouse GW, Cordes EE, Orphan VJ. Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8562. [PMID: 32284974 PMCID: PMC7124940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea cold seeps are dynamic sources of methane release and unique habitats supporting ocean biodiversity and productivity. Here, we describe newly discovered animal-bacterial symbioses fueled by methane, between two species of annelid (a serpulid Laminatubus and sabellid Bispira) and distinct aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the Methylococcales, localized to the host respiratory crown. Worm tissue δ13C of -44 to -58‰ are consistent with methane-fueled nutrition for both species, and shipboard stable isotope labeling experiments revealed active assimilation of 13C-labeled methane into animal biomass, which occurs via the engulfment of methanotrophic bacteria across the crown epidermal surface. These worms represent a new addition to the few animals known to intimately associate with methane-oxidizing bacteria and may further explain their enigmatic mass occurrence at 150-million year-old fossil seeps. High-resolution seafloor surveys document significant coverage by these symbioses, beyond typical obligate seep fauna. These findings uncover novel consumers of methane in the deep sea and, by expanding the known spatial extent of methane seeps, may have important implications for deep-sea conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekin Tilic
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabai Wu
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg W. Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
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17
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Milligan RJ, Scott EM, Jones DOB, Bett BJ, Jamieson AJ, O'Brien R, Pereira Costa S, Rowe GT, Ruhl HA, Smith KL, de Susanne P, Vardaro MF, Bailey DM. Evidence for seasonal cycles in deep-sea fish abundances: A great migration in the deep SE Atlantic? J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1593-1603. [PMID: 32198925 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal migrations are of global ecological significance, providing mechanisms for the transport of nutrients and energy between distant locations. In much of the deep sea (>200 m water depth), the export of nutrients from the surface ocean provides a crucial but seasonally variable energy source to seafloor ecosystems. Seasonal faunal migrations have been hypothesized to occur on the deep seafloor as a result, but have not been documented. Here, we analyse a 7.5-year record of photographic data from the Deep-ocean Environmental Long-term Observatory Systems seafloor observatories to determine whether there was evidence of seasonal (intra-annual) migratory behaviours in a deep-sea fish assemblage on the West African margin and, if so, identify potential cues for the behaviour. Our findings demonstrate a correlation between intra-annual changes in demersal fish abundance at 1,400 m depth and satellite-derived estimates of primary production off the coast of Angola. Highest fish abundances were observed in late November with a smaller peak in June, occurring approximately 4 months after corresponding peaks in primary production. Observed changes in fish abundance occurred too rapidly to be explained by recruitment or mortality, and must therefore have a behavioural driver. Given the recurrent patterns observed, and the established importance of bottom-up trophic structuring in deep-sea ecosystems, we hypothesize that a large fraction of the fish assemblage may conduct seasonal migrations in this region, and propose seasonal variability in surface ocean primary production as a plausible cause. Such trophic control could lead to changes in the abundance of fishes across the seafloor by affecting secondary production of prey species and/or carrion availability for example. In summary, we present the first evidence for seasonally recurring patterns in deep-sea demersal fish abundances over a 7-year period, and demonstrate a previously unobserved level of dynamism in the deep sea, potentially mirroring the great migrations so well characterized in terrestrial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna J Milligan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Alan J Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert O'Brien
- BP Exploration Operating Company Limited, Sunbury on Thames, UK
| | - Sofia Pereira Costa
- BP Angola (Block 18) BV, BP International Centre for Business & Technology, Sunbury on Thames, UK
| | | | - Henry A Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.,Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Ken L Smith
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Philippe de Susanne
- BP Angola (Block 18) BV, BP International Centre for Business & Technology, Sunbury on Thames, UK
| | | | - David M Bailey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Ecological variables for developing a global deep-ocean monitoring and conservation strategy. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:181-192. [PMID: 32015428 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The deep sea (>200 m depth) encompasses >95% of the world's ocean volume and represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (<0.0001% of ocean surface), yet is increasingly under threat from multiple direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures. Our ability to preserve both benthic and pelagic deep-sea ecosystems depends upon effective ecosystem-based management strategies and monitoring based on widely agreed deep-sea ecological variables. Here, we identify a set of deep-sea essential ecological variables among five scientific areas of the deep ocean: (1) biodiversity; (2) ecosystem functions; (3) impacts and risk assessment; (4) climate change, adaptation and evolution; and (5) ecosystem conservation. Conducting an expert elicitation (1,155 deep-sea scientists consulted and 112 respondents), our analysis indicates a wide consensus amongst deep-sea experts that monitoring should prioritize large organisms (that is, macro- and megafauna) living in deep waters and in benthic habitats, whereas monitoring of ecosystem functioning should focus on trophic structure and biomass production. Habitat degradation and recovery rates are identified as crucial features for monitoring deep-sea ecosystem health, while global climate change will likely shift bathymetric distributions and cause local extinction in deep-sea species. Finally, deep-sea conservation efforts should focus primarily on vulnerable marine ecosystems and habitat-forming species. Deep-sea observation efforts that prioritize these variables will help to support the implementation of effective management strategies on a global scale.
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19
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Dueñas LF, Cedeño-Posso C, Grajales A, Herrera S, Rodriguez E, Sánchez JA, Leon J, Puentes V. First visual occurrence data for deep-sea cnidarians in the South-western Colombian Caribbean. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e33091. [PMID: 31130812 PMCID: PMC6517366 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e33091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention to the deep-sea environment has increased dramatically in the last decade due to the rising interest in natural resource exploitation. Although Colombia holds a large submerged territory, knowledge of the seabed and its biodiversity beyond 1,000 m depth is very limited. During 2015–2017, Anadarko Colombia Company (ACC) carried out hydrocarbon exploratory activities in the South-western Colombian Caribbean, at depths between 375 m and 2,565 m. New information Capitalising on available data resources from these activities, several cnidarian species were observed in ROV and towed camera surveys. We analysed over nine hours of video and 5,066 still images from these surveys, identifying organisms to the lowest possible taxonomic level. The images and associated data presented here correspond to 108 observations of deep-sea cnidarians, including seven new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Given the paucity of research and funding to explore the deep-sea in Colombia, the present dataset comprises the largest deep-sea Cnidaria imagery inventory to date for the Colombian Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Dueñas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias - Departamento de Biología - Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Edificio 421, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias - Departamento de Biología - Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Edificio 421 Bogotá, D.C. Colombia.,Anadarko Colombia Company, Calle 113 No. 7-80 piso 11, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Anadarko Colombia Company, Calle 113 No. 7-80 piso 11 Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
| | - Cristina Cedeño-Posso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras- INVEMAR. Calle 25 No. 2-55 Playa Salguero , Santa Marta, Colombia Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras- INVEMAR. Calle 25 No. 2-55 Playa Salguero Santa Marta Colombia
| | - Alejandro Grajales
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, United States of America Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 United States of America
| | - Santiago Herrera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University. 111 Research Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States of America Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University. 111 Research Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015 United States of America
| | - Estefanía Rodriguez
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, United States of America Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 United States of America
| | - Juan Armando Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1 No. 18A-12 Bogotá, D.C Colombia
| | - Jorge Leon
- Anadarko Colombia Company, Calle 113 No. 7-80 piso 11, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Anadarko Colombia Company, Calle 113 No. 7-80 piso 11 Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
| | - Vladimir Puentes
- Anadarko Colombia Company, Calle 113 No. 7-80 piso 11, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Anadarko Colombia Company, Calle 113 No. 7-80 piso 11 Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
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Wang H, Zhang H, Wang M, Chen H, Lian C, Li C. The complete mitochondrial genome of Paralvinella hessleri: an endemic species of deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1567289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Macreadie PI, McLean DL, Thomson PG, Partridge JC, Jones DOB, Gates AR, Benfield MC, Collin SP, Booth DJ, Smith LL, Techera E, Skropeta D, Horton T, Pattiaratchi C, Bond T, Fowler AM. Eyes in the sea: Unlocking the mysteries of the ocean using industrial, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1077-1091. [PMID: 29660864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years humankind has sought to explore our oceans. Evidence of this early intrigue dates back to 130,000BCE, but the advent of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in the 1950s introduced technology that has had significant impact on ocean exploration. Today, ROVs play a critical role in both military (e.g. retrieving torpedoes and mines) and salvage operations (e.g. locating historic shipwrecks such as the RMS Titanic), and are crucial for oil and gas (O&G) exploration and operations. Industrial ROVs collect millions of observations of our oceans each year, fueling scientific discoveries. Herein, we assembled a group of international ROV experts from both academia and industry to reflect on these discoveries and, more importantly, to identify key questions relating to our oceans that can be supported using industry ROVs. From a long list, we narrowed down to the 10 most important questions in ocean science that we feel can be supported (whole or in part) by increasing access to industry ROVs, and collaborations with the companies that use them. The questions covered opportunity (e.g. what is the resource value of the oceans?) to the impacts of global change (e.g. which marine ecosystems are most sensitive to anthropogenic impact?). Looking ahead, we provide recommendations for how data collected by ROVs can be maximised by higher levels of collaboration between academia and industry, resulting in win-win outcomes. What is clear from this work is that the potential of industrial ROV technology in unravelling the mysteries of our oceans is only just beginning to be realised. This is particularly important as the oceans are subject to increasing impacts from global change and industrial exploitation. The coming decades will represent an important time for scientists to partner with industry that use ROVs in order to make the most of these 'eyes in the sea'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Macreadie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Dianne L McLean
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Julian C Partridge
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel O B Jones
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Andrew R Gates
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Mark C Benfield
- Louisiana State University, Collegee of the Coast and Environment, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shaun P Collin
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David J Booth
- Fish Ecology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, 2007, Australia
| | - Luke L Smith
- Woodside Energy, 240 Georges Terace, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Erika Techera
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Tammy Horton
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Charitha Pattiaratchi
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Todd Bond
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ashley M Fowler
- Fish Ecology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, 2007, Australia; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
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22
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Climate change impacts on the biota and on vulnerable habitats of the deep Mediterranean Sea. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Santos MM, Jorge PAS, Coimbra J, Vale C, Caetano M, Bastos L, Iglesias I, Guimarães L, Reis-Henriques MA, Teles LO, Vieira MN, Raimundo J, Pinheiro M, Nogueira V, Pereira R, Neuparth T, Ribeiro MC, Silva E, Castro LFC. The last frontier: Coupling technological developments with scientific challenges to improve hazard assessment of deep-sea mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1505-1514. [PMID: 30857112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing economic interest in the exploitation of mineral resources on deep-ocean beds, including those in the vicinity of sensitive-rich habitats such as hydrothermal vents, raise a mounting concern about the damage that such actions might originate to these poorly-know ecosystems, which represent millions of years of evolution and adaptations to extreme environmental conditions. It has been suggested that mining may cause a major impact on vent ecosystems and other deep-sea areas. Yet, the scale and the nature of such impacts are unknown at present. Hence, building upon currently available scientific information it is crucial to develop new cost-effective technologies embedded into rigorous operating frameworks. The forward-thinking provided here will assist in the development of new technologies and tools to address the major challenges associated with deep sea-mining; technologies for in situ and ex situ observation and data acquisition, biogeochemical processes, hazard assessment of deep-sea mining to marine organisms and development of modeling tools in support of risk assessment scenarios. These technological developments are vital to validate a responsible and sustainable exploitation of the deep-sea mineral resources, based on the precautionary principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| | - P A S Jorge
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC-TEC, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Coimbra
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Vale
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M Caetano
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Bastos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - I Iglesias
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M A Reis-Henriques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L O Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - M N Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - J Raimundo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - V Nogueira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - T Neuparth
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M C Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Silva
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC-TEC, Porto, Portugal; ISEP- School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Effects of Regular Waves on Propulsion Performance of Flexible Flapping Foil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Magnúsdóttir H, Pálsson S, Westfall KM, Jónsson ZO, Örnólfsdóttir EB. Shell morphology and color of the subtidal whelk Buccinum undatum exhibit fine-scaled spatial patterns. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4552-4563. [PMID: 29760896 PMCID: PMC5938454 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical patterns in morphology can be the result of divergence among populations due to neutral or selective changes and/or phenotypic plasticity in response to different environments. Marine gastropods are ideal subjects on which to explore these patterns, by virtue of the remarkable intraspecific variation in life‐history traits and morphology often observed across relatively small spatial scales. The ubiquitous N‐Atlantic common whelk (Buccinum undatum) is well known for spatial variation in life‐history traits and morphology. Previous studies on genetic population structure have revealed that it exhibits significant differentiation across geographic distances. Within Breiðafjörður Bay, a large and shallow bay in W‐Iceland, genetic differentiation was demonstrated between whelks from sites separated by just 20 km. Here, we extended our previous studies on the common whelk in Breiðafjörður Bay by quantifying phenotypic variation in shell morphology and color throughout the Bay. We sought to test whether trait differentiation is dependent on geographic distance and/or environmental variability. Whelk in Breiðafjörður Bay displayed fine‐scale patterns of spatial variation in shape, thickness, and color diversity. Differentiation increased with increasing distance between populations, indicating that population connectivity is limited. Both shape and color varied along a gradient from the inner part of the bay in the east to the outer part in the west. Whelk shells in the innermost part of Breiðafjörður Bay were thick with an elongate shell, round aperture, and low color diversity, whereas in the outer part of the bay the shells were thinner, rounder, with a more elongate aperture and richer color diversity. Significant site‐specific difference in shell traits of the common whelk in correlation with environmental variables indicates the presence of local ecotypes and limited demographic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Magnúsdóttir
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland.,Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology Hólar University College Sauðárkrókur Iceland
| | - Snæbjörn Pálsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Kristen M Westfall
- Vör - Marine Research Centre in Breiðafjörður Ólafsvík Iceland.,Present address: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo BC Canada
| | - Zophonías O Jónsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
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26
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Cottrell RS, Fleming A, Fulton EA, Nash KL, Watson RA, Blanchard JL. Considering land-sea interactions and trade-offs for food and biodiversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:580-596. [PMID: 28833818 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the human population expected to near 10 billion by 2050, and diets shifting towards greater per-capita consumption of animal protein, meeting future food demands will place ever-growing burdens on natural resources and those dependent on them. Solutions proposed to increase the sustainability of agriculture, aquaculture, and capture fisheries have typically approached development from single sector perspectives. Recent work highlights the importance of recognising links among food sectors, and the challenge cross-sector dependencies create for sustainable food production. Yet without understanding the full suite of interactions between food systems on land and sea, development in one sector may result in unanticipated trade-offs in another. We review the interactions between terrestrial and aquatic food systems. We show that most of the studied land-sea interactions fall into at least one of four categories: ecosystem connectivity, feed interdependencies, livelihood interactions, and climate feedback. Critically, these interactions modify nutrient flows, and the partitioning of natural resource use between land and sea, amid a backdrop of climate variability and change that reaches across all sectors. Addressing counter-productive trade-offs resulting from land-sea links will require simultaneous improvements in food production and consumption efficiency, while creating more sustainable feed products for fish and livestock. Food security research and policy also needs to better integrate aquatic and terrestrial production to anticipate how cross-sector interactions could transmit change across ecosystem and governance boundaries into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Cottrell
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Aysha Fleming
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kirsty L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Reg A Watson
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Sun Y, Liang Q, Sun J, Yang Y, Tao J, Liang J, Feng D, Qiu JW, Qian PY. The mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea tubeworm Paraescarpia echinospica (Siboglinidae, Annelida) and its phylogenetic implications. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:131-132. [PMID: 33474093 PMCID: PMC7799758 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1424576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Paraescarpia echinospica is a conspicuous annelid living in the cold seeps and hydrothermal vents of the Western Pacific region and relying on their endosymbiont bacteria as a source of energy and organic carbon. We report the complete mitochondrial genome of P. echinospica, which is 15,280 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a putative control region. The overall base composition is AT-biased. The control region contains repeated nucleotide motifs. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated mitochondrial genes strongly support a sister relationship of P. echinospica with a clade containing Escarpia and Seepiophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianyong Liang
- MLR Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Tao
- MLR Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Liang
- MLR Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo F Bernardino
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Y G Sumida
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
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29
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Taylor ML, Roterman CN. Invertebrate population genetics across Earth's largest habitat: The deep-sea floor. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4872-4896. [PMID: 28833857 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the deep sea being the largest habitat on Earth, there are just 77 population genetic studies of invertebrates (115 species) inhabiting non-chemosynthetic ecosystems on the deep-sea floor (below 200 m depth). We review and synthesize the results of these papers. Studies reveal levels of genetic diversity comparable to shallow-water species. Generally, populations at similar depths were well connected over 100s-1,000s km, but studies that sampled across depth ranges reveal population structure at much smaller scales (100s-1,000s m) consistent with isolation by adaptation across environmental gradients, or the existence of physical barriers to connectivity with depth. Few studies were ocean-wide (under 4%), and 48% were Atlantic-focused. There is strong emphasis on megafauna and commercial species with research into meiofauna, "ecosystem engineers" and other ecologically important species lacking. Only nine papers account for ~50% of the planet's surface (depths below 3,500 m). Just two species were studied below 5,000 m, a quarter of Earth's seafloor. Most studies used single-locus mitochondrial genes revealing a common pattern of non-neutrality, consistent with demographic instability or selective sweeps; similar to deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. The absence of a clear difference between vent and non-vent could signify that demographic instability is common in the deep sea, or that selective sweeps render single-locus mitochondrial studies demographically uninformative. The number of population genetics studies to date is miniscule in relation to the size of the deep sea. The paucity of studies constrains meta-analyses where broad inferences about deep-sea ecology could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C N Roterman
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Donaldson MR, Burnett NJ, Braun DC, Suski CD, Hinch SG, Cooke SJ, Kerr JT. Taxonomic bias and international biodiversity conservation research. Facets (Ott) 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While greater research on threatened species alone cannot ensure their protection, understanding taxonomic bias may be helpful to address knowledge gaps in order to identify research directions and inform policy. Using data for over 10 000 animal species listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we investigated taxonomic and geographic biodiversity conservation research trends worldwide. We found extreme bias in conservation research effort on threatened vertebrates compared with lesser-studied invertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats at a global scale. Based on an analysis of common threats affecting vertebrates and invertebrates, we suggest a path forward for narrowing the research gap between threatened vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Donaldson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. Burnett
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Douglas C. Braun
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cory D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Scott G. Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jeremy T. Kerr
- Canadian Facility for Ecoinformatics Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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31
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Rosel PE, Wilcox LA, Sinclair C, Speakman TR, Tumlin MC, Litz JA, Zolman ES. Genetic assignment to stock of stranded common bottlenose dolphins in southeastern Louisiana after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Baco AR, Etter RJ, Ribeiro PA, von der Heyden S, Beerli P, Kinlan BP. A synthesis of genetic connectivity in deep-sea fauna and implications for marine reserve design. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3276-98. [PMID: 27146215 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With anthropogenic impacts rapidly advancing into deeper waters, there is growing interest in establishing deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs) or reserves. Reserve design depends on estimates of connectivity and scales of dispersal for the taxa of interest. Deep-sea taxa are hypothesized to disperse greater distances than shallow-water taxa, which implies that reserves would need to be larger in size and networks could be more widely spaced; however, this paradigm has not been tested. We compiled population genetic studies of deep-sea fauna and estimated dispersal distances for 51 studies using a method based on isolation-by-distance slopes. Estimates of dispersal distance ranged from 0.24 km to 2028 km with a geometric mean of 33.2 km and differed in relation to taxonomic and life-history factors as well as several study parameters. Dispersal distances were generally greater for fishes than invertebrates with the Mollusca being the least dispersive sampled phylum. Species that are pelagic as adults were more dispersive than those with sessile or sedentary lifestyles. Benthic species from soft-substrate habitats were generally less dispersive than species from hard substrate, demersal or pelagic habitats. As expected, species with pelagic and/or feeding (planktotrophic) larvae were more dispersive than other larval types. Many of these comparisons were confounded by taxonomic or other life-history differences (e.g. fishes being more dispersive than invertebrates) making any simple interpretation difficult. Our results provide the first rough estimate of the range of dispersal distances in the deep sea and allow comparisons to shallow-water assemblages. Overall, dispersal distances were greater for deeper taxa, although the differences were not large (0.3-0.6 orders of magnitude between means), and imbalanced sampling of shallow and deep taxa complicates any simple interpretation. Our analyses suggest the scales of dispersal and connectivity for reserve design in the deep sea might be comparable to or slightly larger than those in shallow water. Deep-sea reserve design will need to consider the enormous variety of taxa, life histories, hydrodynamics, spatial configuration of habitats and patterns of species distributions. The many caveats of our analyses provide a strong impetus for substantial future efforts to assess connectivity of deep-sea species from a variety of habitats, taxonomic groups and depth zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Baco
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, 117 N. Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Ron J Etter
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Pedro A Ribeiro
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & IMAR- Institute of Marine Research, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.,Okeanos- R&D Center, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Peter Beerli
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, 150-T Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Brian P Kinlan
- NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, Biogeography Branch, 1305 East-West Hwy, N/SCI-1, Silver Spring, MD, 20910-3281, USA.,CSS-Dynamac Inc., 10301 Democracy Lane, Suite 300, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Kender S, McClymont EL, Elmore AC, Emanuele D, Leng MJ, Elderfield H. Mid Pleistocene foraminiferal mass extinction coupled with phytoplankton evolution. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11970. [PMID: 27311937 PMCID: PMC4915025 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between climate and biotic evolution is crucial for deciphering the sensitivity of life. An enigmatic mass extinction occurred in the deep oceans during the Mid Pleistocene, with a loss of over 100 species (20%) of sea floor calcareous foraminifera. An evolutionarily conservative group, benthic foraminifera often comprise >50% of eukaryote biomass on the deep-ocean floor. Here we test extinction hypotheses (temperature, corrosiveness and productivity) in the Tasman Sea, using geochemistry and micropalaeontology, and find evidence from several globally distributed sites that the extinction was caused by a change in phytoplankton food source. Coccolithophore evolution may have enhanced the seasonal 'bloom' nature of primary productivity and fundamentally shifted it towards a more intra-annually variable state at ∼0.8 Ma. Our results highlight intra-annual variability as a potential new consideration for Mid Pleistocene global biogeochemical climate models, and imply that deep-sea biota may be sensitive to future changes in productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sev Kender
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | | | - Aurora C Elmore
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Dario Emanuele
- DST-Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini 59a, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Melanie J Leng
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Henry Elderfield
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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Threatened by mining, polymetallic nodules are required to preserve abyssal epifauna. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26808. [PMID: 27245847 PMCID: PMC4887785 DOI: 10.1038/srep26808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymetallic nodule mining at abyssal depths in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Central Pacific) will impact one of the most remote and least known environments on Earth. Since vast areas are being targeted by concession holders for future mining, large-scale effects of these activities are expected. Hence, insight into the fauna associated with nodules is crucial to support effective environmental management. In this study video surveys were used to compare the epifauna from sites with contrasting nodule coverage in four license areas. Results showed that epifaunal densities are more than two times higher at dense nodule coverage (>25 versus ≤10 individuals per 100 m2), and that taxa such as alcyonacean and antipatharian corals are virtually absent from nodule-free areas. Furthermore, surveys conducted along tracks from trawling or experimental mining simulations up to 37 years old, suggest that the removal of epifauna is almost complete and that its full recovery is slow. By highlighting the importance of nodules for the epifaunal biodiversity of this abyssal area, we urge for cautious consideration of the criteria for determining future preservation zones.
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Barendse J, Roux D, Currie B, Wilson N, Fabricius C. A broader view of stewardship to achieve conservation and sustainability goals in South Africa. S AFR J SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2016/20150359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Stewardship is a popular term for the principles and actions aimed at improving sustainability and resilience of social-ecological systems at various scales and in different contexts. Participation in stewardship is voluntary, and is based on values of altruism and long-term benefits. At a global scale, ‘earth stewardship’ is viewed as a successor to earlier natural resource management systems. However, in South Africa, stewardship is narrowly applied to biodiversity conservation agreements on private land. Using a broader definition of stewardship, we identify all potentially related schemes that may contribute to sustainability and conservation outcomes. Stewardship schemes and actors are represented as a social network and placed in a simple typology based on objectives, mechanisms of action and operational scales. The predominant type was biodiversity stewardship programmes. The main actors were environmental non-governmental organisations participating in prominent bioregional landscape partnerships, together acting as important ‘bridging organisations’ within local stewardship networks. This bridging enables a high degree of collaboration between non-governmental and governmental bodies, especially provincial conservation agencies via mutual projects and conservation objectives. An unintended consequence may be that management accountability is relinquished or neglected by government because of inadequate implementation capacity. Other stewardship types, such as market-based and landscape initiatives, complemented primarily biodiversity ones, as part of national spatial conservation priorities. Not all schemes related to biodiversity, especially those involving common pool resources, markets and supply chains. Despite an apparent narrow biodiversity focus, there is evidence of diversification of scope to include more civic and community-level stewardship activities, in line with the earth stewardship metaphor.
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Zeppilli D, Pusceddu A, Trincardi F, Danovaro R. Seafloor heterogeneity influences the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in the deep sea. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26352. [PMID: 27211908 PMCID: PMC4876447 DOI: 10.1038/srep26352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical ecology predicts that heterogeneous habitats allow more species to co-exist in a given area. In the deep sea, biodiversity is positively linked with ecosystem functioning, suggesting that deep-seabed heterogeneity could influence ecosystem functions and the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). To shed light on the BEF relationships in a heterogeneous deep seabed, we investigated variations in meiofaunal biodiversity, biomass and ecosystem efficiency within and among different seabed morphologies (e.g., furrows, erosional troughs, sediment waves and other depositional structures, landslide scars and deposits) in a narrow geo-morphologically articulated sector of the Adriatic Sea. We show that distinct seafloor morphologies are characterized by highly diverse nematode assemblages, whereas areas sharing similar seabed morphologies host similar nematode assemblages. BEF relationships are consistently positive across the entire region, but different seabed morphologies are characterised by different slope coefficients of the relationship. Our results suggest that seafloor heterogeneity, allowing diversified assemblages across different habitats, increases diversity and influence ecosystem processes at the regional scale, and BEF relationships at smaller spatial scales. We conclude that high-resolution seabed mapping and a detailed analysis of the species distribution at the habitat scale are crucial for improving management of goods and services delivered by deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zeppilli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- IFREMER, Centre Brest, REM/EEP/LEP, Institut Carnot Ifremer-EDROME, ZI de la pointe du diable, CS10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Hardy SM, Smith CR, Thurnherr AM. Can the source-sink hypothesis explain macrofaunal abundance patterns in the abyss? A modelling test. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150193. [PMID: 25948686 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low food availability is a major structuring force in deep-sea benthic communities, sustaining only very low densities of organisms in parts of the abyss. These low population densities may result in an Allee effect, whereby local reproductive success is inhibited, and populations are maintained by larval dispersal from bathyal slopes. This slope-abyss source-sink (SASS) hypothesis suggests that the abyssal seafloor constitutes a vast sink habitat with macrofaunal populations sustained only by an influx of larval 'refugees' from source areas on continental slopes, where higher productivity sustains greater population densities. Abyssal macrofaunal population densities would thus be directly related to larval inputs from bathyal source populations. We evaluate three predictions derived from the SASS hypothesis: (i) slope-derived larvae can be passively transported to central abyssal regions within a single larval period, (ii) projected larval export from slopes to the abyss reproduces global patterns of macrofaunal abundance and (iii) macrofaunal abundance decreases with distance from the continental slope. We find that abyssal macrofaunal populations are unlikely to be sustained solely through influx of larvae from slope sources. Rather, local reproduction probably sustains macrofaunal populations in relatively high-productivity abyssal areas, which must also be considered as potential larval source areas for more food-poor abyssal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hardy
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, PO Box 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Craig R Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andreas M Thurnherr
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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38
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Romero-Romero S, Molina-Ramírez A, Höfer J, Acuña JL. Body size-based trophic structure of a deep marine ecosystem. Ecology 2016; 97:171-81. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Romero-Romero
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Axayacatl Molina-Ramírez
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Juan Höfer
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - José Luis Acuña
- Área de Ecología; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; and#8232;Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n 33071 Oviedo Asturias Spain
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Abstract
The deep ocean absorbs vast amounts of heat and carbon dioxide, providing a critical buffer to climate change but exposing vulnerable ecosystems to combined stresses of warming, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and altered food inputs. Resulting changes may threaten biodiversity and compromise key ocean services that maintain a healthy planet and human livelihoods. There exist large gaps in understanding of the physical and ecological feedbacks that will occur. Explicit recognition of deep-ocean climate mitigation and inclusion in adaptation planning by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) could help to expand deep-ocean research and observation and to protect the integrity and functions of deep-ocean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA.
| | - Nadine Le Bris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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40
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Ramirez-Llodra E, Trannum HC, Evenset A, Levin LA, Andersson M, Finne TE, Hilario A, Flem B, Christensen G, Schaanning M, Vanreusel A. Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:13-35. [PMID: 26045197 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mining sector is growing in parallel with societal demands for minerals. One of the most important environmental issues and economic burdens of industrial mining on land is the safe storage of the vast amounts of waste produced. Traditionally, tailings have been stored in land dams, but the lack of land availability, potential risk of dam failure and topography in coastal areas in certain countries results in increasing disposal of tailings into marine systems. This review describes the different submarine tailing disposal methods used in the world in general and in Norway in particular, their impact on the environment (e.g. hyper-sedimentation, toxicity, processes related to changes in grain shape and size, turbidity), current legislation and need for future research. Understanding these impacts on the habitat and biota is essential to assess potential ecosystem changes and to develop best available techniques and robust management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hilde C Trannum
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anita Evenset
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation and Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA.
| | - Malin Andersson
- Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tor Erik Finne
- Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ana Hilario
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Belinda Flem
- Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Guttorm Christensen
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Morten Schaanning
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Wedding LM, Reiter SM, Smith CR, Gjerde KM, Kittinger JN, Friedlander AM, Gaines SD, Clark MR, Thurnherr AM, Hardy SM, Crowder LB. OCEANS. Managing mining of the deep seabed. Science 2015; 349:144-5. [PMID: 26160934 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Wedding
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - S M Reiter
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - C R Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA.
| | - K M Gjerde
- Middlebury Institute for International Studies, Monterey, CA, USA. Wycliffe Management, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J N Kittinger
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Conservation International, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A M Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA. Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA
| | - S D Gaines
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - M R Clark
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A M Thurnherr
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S M Hardy
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - L B Crowder
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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42
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Ecological impacts of large-scale disposal of mining waste in the deep sea. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9985. [PMID: 25939397 PMCID: PMC4419517 DOI: 10.1038/srep09985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-Sea Tailings Placement (DSTP) from terrestrial mines is one of several large-scale industrial activities now taking place in the deep sea. The scale and persistence of its impacts on seabed biota are unknown. We sampled around the Lihir and Misima island mines in Papua New Guinea to measure the impacts of ongoing DSTP and assess the state of benthic infaunal communities after its conclusion. At Lihir, where DSTP has operated continuously since 1996, abundance of sediment infauna was substantially reduced across the sampled depth range (800–2020 m), accompanied by changes in higher-taxon community structure, in comparison with unimpacted reference stations. At Misima, where DSTP took place for 15 years, ending in 2004, effects on community composition persisted 3.5 years after its conclusion. Active tailings deposition has severe impacts on deep-sea infaunal communities and these impacts are detectable at a coarse level of taxonomic resolution.
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Nakajima R, Yamamoto H, Kawagucci S, Takaya Y, Nozaki T, Chen C, Fujikura K, Miwa T, Takai K. Post-drilling changes in seabed landscape and megabenthos in a deep-sea hydrothermal system, the Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123095. [PMID: 25902075 PMCID: PMC4406493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in seafloor exploitation such as mineral mining in deep-sea hydrothermal fields, but the environmental impact of anthropogenic disturbance to the seafloor is poorly known. In this study, the effect of such anthropogenic disturbance by scientific drilling operations (IODP Expedition 331) on seabed landscape and megafaunal habitation was surveyed for over 3 years using remotely operated vehicle video observation in a deep-sea hydrothermal field, the Iheya North field, in the Okinawa Trough. We focused on observations from a particular drilling site (Site C0014) where the most dynamic change of landscape and megafaunal habitation was observed among the drilling sites of IODP Exp. 331. No visible hydrothermal fluid discharge had been observed at the sedimentary seafloor at Site C0014, where Calyptogena clam colonies were known for more than 10 years, before the drilling event. After drilling commenced, the original Calyptogena colonies were completely buried by the drilling deposits. Several months after the drilling, diffusing high-temperature hydrothermal fluid began to discharge from the sedimentary subseafloor in the area of over 20 m from the drill holes, 'artificially' creating a new hydrothermal vent habitat. Widespread microbial mats developed on the seafloor with the diffusing hydrothermal fluids and the galatheid crab Shinkaia crosnieri endemic to vents dominated the new vent community. The previously soft, sedimentary seafloor was hardened probably due to barite/gypsum mineralization or silicification, becoming rough and undulated with many fissures after the drilling operation. Although the effects of the drilling operation on seabed landscape and megafaunal composition are probably confined to an area of maximally 30 m from the drill holes, the newly established hydrothermal vent ecosystem has already lasted 2 years and is like to continue to exist until the fluid discharge ceases and thus the ecosystem in the area has been altered for long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kawagucci
- Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan; Laboratory of Ocean-Earth Life Evolution Research (OELE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan; Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yutaro Takaya
- Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nozaki
- Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan; Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Katsunori Fujikura
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miwa
- Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan; Marine Technology and Engineering Center (MARITEC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Ken Takai
- Research and Development Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan; Laboratory of Ocean-Earth Life Evolution Research (OELE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan; Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
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44
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McCauley DJ, Pinsky ML, Palumbi SR, Estes JA, Joyce FH, Warner RR. Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean. Science 2015; 347:1255641. [PMID: 25593191 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J McCauley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - James A Estes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Francis H Joyce
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Robert R Warner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Glazier
- Biology Department; University of Massachusetts; 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Ron J. Etter
- Biology Department; University of Massachusetts; 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
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How can we identify and communicate the ecological value of deep-sea ecosystem services? PLoS One 2014; 9:e100646. [PMID: 25055119 PMCID: PMC4108315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Submarine canyons are considered biodiversity hotspots which have been identified for their important roles in connecting the deep sea with shallower waters. To date, a huge gap exists between the high importance that scientists associate with deep-sea ecosystem services and the communication of this knowledge to decision makers and to the wider public, who remain largely ignorant of the importance of these services. The connectivity and complexity of marine ecosystems makes knowledge transfer very challenging, and new communication tools are necessary to increase understanding of ecological values beyond the science community. We show how the Ecosystem Principles Approach, a method that explains the importance of ocean processes via easily understandable ecological principles, might overcome this challenge for deep-sea ecosystem services. Scientists were asked to help develop a list of clear and concise ecosystem principles for the functioning of submarine canyons through a Delphi process to facilitate future transfers of ecological knowledge. These ecosystem principles describe ecosystem processes, link such processes to ecosystem services, and provide spatial and temporal information on the connectivity between deep and shallow waters. They also elucidate unique characteristics of submarine canyons. Our Ecosystem Principles Approach was successful in integrating ecological information into the ecosystem services assessment process. It therefore has a high potential to be the next step towards a wider implementation of ecological values in marine planning. We believe that successful communication of ecological knowledge is the key to a wider public support for ocean conservation, and that this endeavour has to be driven by scientists in their own interest as major deep-sea stakeholders.
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