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Lyche Solheim A, Gundersen H, Mischke U, Skjelbred B, Nejstgaard JC, Guislain ALN, Sperfeld E, Giling DP, Haande S, Ballot A, Moe SJ, Stephan S, Walles TJW, Jechow A, Minguez L, Ganzert L, Hornick T, Hansson TH, Stratmann CN, Järvinen M, Drakare S, Carvalho L, Grossart HP, Gessner MO, Berger SA. Lake browning counteracts cyanobacteria responses to nutrients: Evidence from phytoplankton dynamics in large enclosure experiments and comprehensive observational data. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17013. [PMID: 37994377 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Lakes worldwide are affected by multiple stressors, including climate change. This includes massive loading of both nutrients and humic substances to lakes during extreme weather events, which also may disrupt thermal stratification. Since multi-stressor effects vary widely in space and time, their combined ecological impacts remain difficult to predict. Therefore, we combined two consecutive large enclosure experiments with a comprehensive time-series and a broad-scale field survey to unravel the combined effects of storm-induced lake browning, nutrient enrichment and deep mixing on phytoplankton communities, focusing particularly on potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The experimental results revealed that browning counteracted the stimulating effect of nutrients on phytoplankton and caused a shift from phototrophic cyanobacteria and chlorophytes to mixotrophic cryptophytes. Light limitation by browning was identified as the likely mechanism underlying this response. Deep-mixing increased microcystin concentrations in clear nutrient-enriched enclosures, caused by upwelling of a metalimnetic Planktothrix rubescens population. Monitoring data from a 25-year time-series of a eutrophic lake and from 588 northern European lakes corroborate the experimental results: Browning suppresses cyanobacteria in terms of both biovolume and proportion of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Both the experimental and observational results indicated a lower total phosphorus threshold for cyanobacterial bloom development in clearwater lakes (10-20 μg P L-1 ) than in humic lakes (20-30 μg P L-1 ). This finding provides management guidance for lakes receiving more nutrients and humic substances due to more frequent extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Mischke
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jens C Nejstgaard
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexis L N Guislain
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Sperfeld
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Darren P Giling
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Haande
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Ballot
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Tim J W Walles
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Jechow
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Laetitia Minguez
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Lars Ganzert
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hornick
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Truls Hveem Hansson
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Cleo N Stratmann
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | | | - Stina Drakare
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technlology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stella A Berger
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Li Y, Gundersen H, Poulsen RN, Xie L, Ge Z, Hancke K. Quantifying seaweed and seagrass beach deposits using high-resolution UAV imagery. J Environ Manage 2023; 331:117171. [PMID: 36623360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae and seagrass wash ashore by tidal waters and episodic events and create an ocean-to-land transport of carbon and nutrients. On land, these deposits (beach wrack) are consumed by macrofauna, remineralized by microorganisms, or washed back to the sea, during which recycling of carbon and nitrogen affect the biochemical cycles in coastal zones. Manual quantification of beach wracks is time-consuming and often difficult due to complex topography and remote locations. Here, we present a novel method using Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry combined with in situ measurements of carbon and nitrogen contents of wrack to quantify marine carbon and nutrient deposits in beach zones. The UAV method was tested against placed cubes ranging from 125 to 88,218 cm3 and demonstrated a high accuracy (R2 > 0.99) for volume acquisition when compared to manual measurements. Also, the UAV-based assessments of the cross-sectional area of beach deposits demonstrated a high accuracy when compared to manual and high-precision GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurements without significant differences between the methods. This demonstrated that UAVs can provide detailed spatial maps, three-dimensional (3D) surface models, and accurate volumetric assessments of beach wrack deposits. In three case studies, combined with carbon and nitrogen measures, total organic carbon and nitrogen deposits in beach wracks were quantified ranging from 4.3 to 9.7 and from 0.3 to 0.5 kg per meter coastline, respectively. In conclusion, this UAV method demonstrated an effective tool to quantify ecosystem carbon and nitrogen deposits relevant to ecosystem assessments and quantification of blue carbon stocks. The method is optimal when the terrain below beach wrack deposits is known, as in the case with before-and-after or repeated surveys. Further, UAVs display strong time- and cost-effective advantages over manual methods which is amplified with increasing project scale. We propose it as a valuable method for multiple scientific and commercial applications related to environmental monitoring and management, including marine resource exploration and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Li
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Lina Xie
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kasper Hancke
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
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Ramirez-Llodra E, Trannum HC, Andersen GS, Baeten NJ, Brooks SJ, Escudero-Oñate C, Gundersen H, Kleiv RA, Ibragimova O, Lepland A, Nepstad R, Sandøy R, Schaanning MT, Shimmield T, Yakushev E, Ferrando-Climent L, Høgaas PH. New insights into submarine tailing disposal for a reduced environmental footprint: Lessons learnt from Norwegian fjords. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113150. [PMID: 34847414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Submarine tailing disposal (STD) in fjords from land-based mines is common practice in Norway and takes place in other regions worldwide. We synthesize the results of a multidisciplinary programme on environmental impacts of STDs in Norwegian fjords, providing new knowledge that can be applied to assess and mitigate impact of tailing disposal globally, both for submarine and deep-sea activities. Detailed geological seafloor mapping provided data on natural sedimentation to monitor depositional processes on the seafloor. Modelling and analytical techniques were used to assess the behaviour of tailing particles and process-chemicals in the environment, providing novel tools for monitoring. Toxicity tests showed biological impacts on test species due to particulate and chemical exposure. Hypersedimentation mesocosm and field experiments showed a varying response on the benthos, allowing to determine the transition zone in the STD impact area. Recolonisation studies indicate that full community recovery and normalisation of metal leakage rates may take several decades due to bioturbation and slow burial of sulfidic tailings. The results are synthesised to provide guidelines for the development of best available techniques for STDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Agder, Center for Coastal Research, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Hilde Cecilie Trannum
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; REV Ocean, Oksenøyveien 10, NO-1366 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Guri S Andersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicole J Baeten
- Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Postal Box 6315, Torgarden, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven J Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos Escudero-Oñate
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Instituttveien 18, NO-2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Arne Kleiv
- NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept. of Geoscience and Petroleum, S.P. Andersens veg 15a, NO-7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olga Ibragimova
- NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept. of Geoscience and Petroleum, S.P. Andersens veg 15a, NO-7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aivo Lepland
- Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Postal Box 6315, Torgarden, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Raymond Nepstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Postboks 4762 Torgard, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roar Sandøy
- Sibelco Nordic AS, Løkketangen 20A, NO-1337 Sandvika, Norway
| | | | - Tracy Shimmield
- British geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeniy Yakushev
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Bryn A, Bekkby T, Rinde E, Gundersen H, Halvorsen R. Reliability in Distribution Modeling—A Synthesis and Step-by-Step Guidelines for Improved Practice. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.658713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Information about the distribution of a study object (e.g., species or habitat) is essential in face of increasing pressure from land or sea use, and climate change. Distribution models are instrumental for acquiring such information, but also encumbered by uncertainties caused by different sources of error, bias and inaccuracy that need to be dealt with. In this paper we identify the most common sources of uncertainties and link them to different phases in the modeling process. Our aim is to outline the implications of these uncertainties for the reliability of distribution models and to summarize the precautions needed to be taken. We performed a step-by-step assessment of errors, biases and inaccuracies related to the five main steps in a standard distribution modeling process: (1) ecological understanding, assumptions and problem formulation; (2) data collection and preparation; (3) choice of modeling method, model tuning and parameterization; (4) evaluation of models; and, finally, (5) implementation and use. Our synthesis highlights the need to consider the entire distribution modeling process when the reliability and applicability of the models are assessed. A key recommendation is to evaluate the model properly by use of a dataset that is collected independently of the training data. We support initiatives to establish international protocols and open geodatabases for distribution models.
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Trannum HC, Næss R, Gundersen H. Macrofaunal colonization of mine tailings impacted sediments. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:134866. [PMID: 31785908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study and compare macrofaunal colonization of thin layers of mine tailings. Experimental boxes filled with marine sediments capped with mine tailings were placed on the seabed and subject to colonization for six and twelve months. Three Norwegian mine tailings, representative of major production processes, were used. In addition, one set of boxes served as control and was not treated with tailings. The layer thickness of the tailings was supposed to represent the thickness in the transition zone between the sea deposit itself and unaffected sediments. The most fine-grained tailings, which also contained flotation chemicals, showed a significantly lower colonization than the control and the other treatments. At the same time, all sediments were successfully colonized and rich in species. In general, the abundance of annelids was lower, while the abundance of mollusks was higher in the tailings-treatments than the controls. There were larger differences in faunal densities between the controls and tailings-treatments after six than twelve months, probably due to coverage by natural sedimentation and mixing of the thin tailings layer with the sediment underneath throughout the experiment. As the tailings initiated varying degree of effects on the benthos, there is expected to be a difference in how far the effects will extend outside the sea deposit. This is the first study where the colonization potential is systematically compared between various tailings, and as colonization is assumed a frequent and important mechanism for faunal restitution after disturbance events, the results are important for the management of tailings placements as well as with regard to other forms of disturbances associated with defaunated areas, like dredging and disposal of contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde C Trannum
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Agder, Center for Coastal Research, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Rita Næss
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Christie H, Gundersen H, Rinde E, Filbee‐Dexter K, Norderhaug KM, Pedersen T, Bekkby T, Gitmark JK, Fagerli CW. Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large-scale kelp recovery? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2847-2862. [PMID: 30891221 PMCID: PMC6405503 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing changes along the northeastern Atlantic coastline provide an opportunity to explore the influence of climate change and multitrophic interactions on the recovery of kelp. Here, vast areas of sea urchin-dominated barren grounds have shifted back to kelp forests, in parallel with changes in sea temperature and predator abundances. We have compiled data from studies covering more than 1,500-km coastline in northern Norway. The dataset has been used to identify regional patterns in kelp recovery and sea urchin recruitment, and to relate these to abiotic and biotic factors, including structurally complex substrates functioning as refuge for sea urchins. The study area covers a latitudinal gradient of temperature and different levels of predator pressure from the edible crab (Cancer pagurus) and the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus). The population development of these two sea urchin predators and a possible predator on crabs, the coastal cod (Gadus morhua), were analyzed. In the southernmost and warmest region, kelp forests recovery and sea urchin recruitment are mainly low, although sea urchins might also be locally abundant. Further north, sea urchin barrens still dominate, and juvenile sea urchin densities are high. In the northernmost and cold region, kelp forests are recovering, despite high recruitment and densities of sea urchins. Here, sea urchins were found only in refuge habitats, whereas kelp recovery occurred mainly on open bedrock. The ocean warming, the increase in the abundance of edible crab in the south, and the increase in invasive red king crab in the north may explain the observed changes in kelp recovery and sea urchin distribution. The expansion of both crab species coincided with a population decline in the top-predator coastal cod. The role of key species (sea urchins, kelp, cod, and crabs) and processes involved in structuring the community are hypothesized in a conceptual model, and the knowledge behind the suggested links and interactions is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eli Rinde
- Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
| | | | - Kjell Magnus Norderhaug
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Institute of Marine Research, FlødevigenHisNorway
| | - Torstein Pedersen
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyArctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Trine Bekkby
- Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
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Trannum HC, Gundersen H, Escudero-Oñate C, Johansen JT, Schaanning MT. Effects of submarine mine tailings on macrobenthic community structure and ecosystem processes. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:189-202. [PMID: 29477818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment with intact benthic communities was conducted to evaluate the effects of mine tailings on benthic community structure and biogeochemical processes. Two types of tailings were supplied from process plants using flotation and flocculation chemicals, while a third type was absent of added chemicals. All tailings impacted the sediment community at thin layers, and through more mechanisms than merely hypersedimentation. In general, the strongest impact was observed in a very fine-grained tailings containing flotation chemicals. The second strongest occurred in tailings with no process chemicals. The tailings with flocculation chemicals initiated the weakest response. Fluxes of oxygen, nitrate and ammonium provided some indications on biodegradation of organic phases. Release of phosphate and silicate decreased with increasing layer thickness of all three tailings. A threshold level of 2cm was identified both for faunal responses and for fluxes of phosphate and silicate. The particular impact mechanisms should receive more attention in future studies in order to minimize the environmental risk associated with tailings disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde C Trannum
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joachim T Johansen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten T Schaanning
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Gundersen H, Hufton A, Trafford R, Walshaw MJ, Ledson M. P82 Outcomes for patients with negative scans on the ‘straight to CT’ pathway. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ramirez-Llodra E, Rinde E, Gundersen H, Christie H, Fagerli CW, Fredriksen S, Gitmark JK, Norling K, Walday MG, Norderhaug KM. A snap shot of the short-term response of crustaceans to macrophyte detritus in the deep Oslofjord. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23800. [PMID: 27025314 PMCID: PMC4824494 DOI: 10.1038/srep23800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A test deployment of a time-lapse camera lander in the deep Oslofjord (431 m) was used to obtain initial information on the response of benthic fauna to macroalgal debris. Three macroalgal species were used on the lander baited plate: Fucus serratus, Saccharina latissima and Laminaria hyperborea and observed during 41.5 hours. The deep-water shrimp Pandalus borealis were attracted to the macroalgae rapidly (3 min after the lander reached the seafloor), followed by amphipods. Shrimp abundances were significantly higher in areas covered by macroalgae compared to the adjacent seafloor and the number of shrimp visiting the macroalgae increased with time. Amphipods arrived 13 hours later and were observed mainly on decaying L. hyperborea. The abundance of amphipods on L. hyperborea increased rapidly, reaching a peak at 31 h after deployment. These initial observations suggest that debris from kelp forests and other macroalgal beds may play an important role in fuelling deep benthic communities in the outer Oslofjord and, potentially, enhance secondary production of commercial species such as P. borealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eli Rinde
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hartvig Christie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla With Fagerli
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Fredriksen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Kim Gitmark
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Norling
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Gunnar Walday
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell Magnus Norderhaug
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Norderhaug KM, Anglès d’Auriac MB, Fagerli CW, Gundersen H, Christie H, Dahl K, Hobæk A. Genetic diversity of the NE Atlantic sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis unveils chaotic genetic patchiness possibly linked to local selective pressure. Mar Biol 2016; 163:36. [PMID: 26843658 PMCID: PMC4722066 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-015-2801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We compared the genetic differentiation in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis from discrete populations on the NE Atlantic coast. By using eight recently developed microsatellite markers, genetic structure was compared between populations from the Danish Strait in the south to the Barents Sea in the north (56-79°N). Urchins are spread by pelagic larvae and may be transported long distances by northwards-going ocean currents. Two main superimposed patterns were identified. The first showed a subtle but significant genetic differentiation from the southernmost to the northernmost of the studied populations and could be explained by an isolation by distance model. The second pattern included two coastal populations in mid-Norway (65°N), NH and NS, as well as the northernmost population of continental Norway (71°N) FV. They showed a high degree of differentiation from all other populations. The explanation to the second pattern is most likely chaotic genetic patchiness caused by introgression from another species, S. pallidus, into S. droebachiensis resulting from selective pressure. Ongoing sea urchin collapse and kelp forests recovery are observed in the area of NH, NS and FV populations. High gene flow between populations spanning more than 22° in latitude suggests a high risk of new grazing events to occur rapidly in the future if conditions for sea urchins are favourable. On the other hand, the possibility of hybridization in association with collapsing populations may be used as an early warning indicator for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Norderhaug
- />Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1066, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - M. B. Anglès d’Auriac
- />Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - C. W. Fagerli
- />Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - H. Gundersen
- />Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - H. Christie
- />Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - K. Dahl
- />Department of Bioscience, Marine Diversity and Experimental Ecology, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - A. Hobæk
- />Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Region West, Thormøhlensgt. 53D, 5006 Bergen, Norway
- />Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Anglès d'Auriac MB, Hobæk A, Christie H, Gundersen H, Fagerli CW, Haugstetter J, Norderhaug KM. New microsatellite loci for the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis using universal M13 labelled markers. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:699. [PMID: 25291990 PMCID: PMC4283130 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis has a wide circumpolar distribution and plays a key role in coastal ecosystems worldwide by destructively grazing macroalgae beds and turn them into marine deserts, so-called barren grounds. In the past decades, large established kelp forests have been overgrazed and transformed to such barren grounds on the Norwegian coast. This has important repercussions for the coastal diversity and production, including reproduction of several fish species relying on the kelp forests as nurseries. Genetic diversity is an important parameter for the study and further anticipation of this large scale phenomenon. FINDINGS Microsatellites were developed using a Norwegian S. droebachiensis individual primarily for the study of Northeast Atlantic populations. The 10 new microsatellite loci were amplified using M13 forward tails, enabling the use of M13 fluorescent tagged primers for multiplex reading. Among these loci, 2 acted polysomic and should therefore not be considered useful for population genetic analysis. We screened 96 individuals sampled from 4 different sites along the Norwegian coast which have shown unexpected diversity. CONCLUSIONS The new microsatellite loci should be a useful resource for further research into connectivity among S. droebachiensis populations, and assessing the risks for spreading and new overgrazing events.
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Rinde E, Christie H, Fagerli CW, Bekkby T, Gundersen H, Norderhaug KM, Hjermann DØ. The influence of physical factors on kelp and sea urchin distribution in previously and still grazed areas in the NE Atlantic. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100222. [PMID: 24949954 PMCID: PMC4064999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) and sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in the NE Atlantic are highly related to physical factors and to temporal changes in temperature. On a large scale, we identified borders for kelp recovery and sea urchin persistence along the north-south gradient. Sea urchin persistence was also related to the coast-ocean gradient. The southern border corresponds to summer temperatures exceeding about 10°C, a threshold value known to be critical for sea urchin recruitment and development. The outer border along the coast-ocean gradient is related to temperature, wave exposure and salinity. On a finer scale, kelp recovery occurs mainly at ridges in outer, wave exposed, saline and warm areas whereas sea urchins still dominate in inner, shallow and cold areas, particularly in areas with optimal current speed for sea urchin foraging. In contrast to other studies in Europe, we here show a positive influence of climate change to presence of a long-lived climax canopy-forming kelp. The extent of the coast-ocean gradient varies within the study area, and is especially wide in the southern part where the presence of islands and skerries increases the area of the shallow coastal zone. This creates a large area with intermediate physical conditions for the two species and a mosaic of kelp and sea urchin dominated patches. The statistical models (GAM and BRT) show high performance and indicate recovery of kelp in 45-60% of the study area. The study shows the value of combining a traditional (GAM) and a more complex (BRT) modeling approach to gain insight into complex spatial patterns of species or habitats. The results, methods and approaches are of general ecological relevance regardless of ecosystems and species, although they are particularly relevant for understanding and exploring the corresponding changes between algae and grazers in different coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Rinde
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hartvig Christie
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla W. Fagerli
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Bekkby
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell Magnus Norderhaug
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ø. Hjermann
- Section for Marine Biology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
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Eriksen A, Wabakken P, Zimmermann B, Andreassen HP, Arnemo JM, Gundersen H, Milner JM, Liberg O, Linnell J, Pedersen HC, Sand H, Solberg EJ, Storaas T. Encounter frequencies between GPS-collared wolves (Canis lupus) and moose (Alces alces) in a Scandinavian wolf territory. Ecol Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-008-0525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gundersen H, Solberg EJ, Wabakken P, Storaas T, Zimmermann B, Andreassen HP. Three approaches to estimate wolf Canis lupus predation rates on moose Alces alces populations. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-007-0155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Michl V, Voswinckel R, Fehrenbach A, Seeger W, Nyengaard J, Gundersen H, Fehrenbach H. Kompensatorisches Lungenwachstum nach Pneumonektomie bei der Maus wird partiell durch die Neubildung von Alveolen erzielt. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gundersen H, Andreassen HP, Storaas TS. Supplemental feeding of migratory mooseAlces alces: forest damage at two spatial scales. Wildlife Biology 2004. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.2004.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hege Gundersen
- Hege Gundersen, Harry P. Andreassen & Torstein Storaas, Hedmark University College, Evenstad, N-2480 Koppang, Norway - e-mail addresses: (Hege Gundersen); (Harry P. Andreassen); (Torstein Storaas)
| | - Harry P. Andreassen
- Hege Gundersen, Harry P. Andreassen & Torstein Storaas, Hedmark University College, Evenstad, N-2480 Koppang, Norway - e-mail addresses: (Hege Gundersen); (Harry P. Andreassen); (Torstein Storaas)
| | - Tor stein Storaas
- Hege Gundersen, Harry P. Andreassen & Torstein Storaas, Hedmark University College, Evenstad, N-2480 Koppang, Norway - e-mail addresses: (Hege Gundersen); (Harry P. Andreassen); (Torstein Storaas)
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Gundersen G, Moe JA, Andreassen HP, Carlsen RG, Gundersen H. Intersexual attraction in natal dispersing root voles Microtus oeconomu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.4098/at.arch.99-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Andreassen HP, Bjørnbom E, Carlsen RG, Gundersen G, Gundersen H. Visual cues as determinants of perceptual range in root voles Microtus oeconomus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.4098/at.arch.98-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gundersen H, Andreassen HP. The risk of mooseAlces alcescollision: A predictive logistic model for moose-train accidents. Wildlife Biology 1998. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.1998.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hege Gundersen
- Hege Gundersen, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Xu
- National Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Oslo, Norway
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Gjerde H, Fongen U, Gundersen H, Christophersen AS. Evaluation of a method for simultaneous quantification of codeine, ethylmorphine and morphine in blood. Forensic Sci Int 1991; 51:105-10. [PMID: 1752586 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(91)90210-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Codeine, ethylmorphine and morphine are the most commonly detected opiates in forensic blood samples in Norway. A method for the simultaneous quantification of these opiates utilizing solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been evaluated. The detection limits were 0.026 mumol/l for codeine, 0.025 mumol/l for ethylmorphine and 0.032 mumol/l for morphine (corresponding to 7.8, 7.8 and 9.1 micrograms/l, respectively). The analytical variations at concentrations of 1.0 mumol/l codeine, 1.0 mumol/l ethylmorphine and 0.5 mumol/l morphine were less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gjerde
- National Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Oslo, Norway
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Odegaard K, Gundersen H, Gundersen T. [Rectal gonorrhea in women]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1971; 91:1474-6. [PMID: 4998821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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