1
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Rössler EA, Becher M. Glass spectrum, excess wing phenomenon, and master curves in molecular glass formers: A multi-method approach. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074501. [PMID: 38364007 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The relaxation spectra of glass formers solely displaying an α-peak and excess wing contribution collected by various methods are reanalyzed to pin down their different spectral evolution. We show that master curve construction encompassing both α-peak and emerging excess wing works for depolarized light scattering (DLS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. It reveals the self-part of the slow dynamics' spectrum. Master curves are to be understood as a result of a more extensive scaling covering all temperatures instead of strict frequency-temperature superposition. DLS and NMR display identical relaxation spectra; yet, comparing different systems, we do not find a generic structural relaxation at variance with recent claims. Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) spectra show particularities, which render master curve construction obsolete. The DS α-peak is enhanced or suppressed with respect to that of DLS or NMR, yet, not correlated to the polarity of the liquid. Attempting to single out the excess wing from the overall spectrum discloses a stronger exponential temperature dependence of its amplitude compared to that below Tg and a link between its exponent and that of the fast dynamics' spectrum. Yet, such a decomposition of α-peak and excess wing appears to be unphysical. Among many different glasses, the amplitude of the excess wing power-law spectrum is found to be identical at Tg, interpreted as a relaxation analog to the Lindemann criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst A Rössler
- Nordbayerisches NMR Zentrum, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Manuel Becher
- Nordbayerisches NMR Zentrum, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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Dyre JC. Solid-that-Flows Picture of Glass-Forming Liquids. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1603-1617. [PMID: 38306474 PMCID: PMC10875679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews arguments that glass-forming liquids are different from those of standard liquid-state theory, which typically have a viscosity in the mPa·s range and relaxation times on the order of picoseconds. These numbers grow dramatically and become 1012 - 1015 times larger for liquids cooled toward the glass transition. This translates into a qualitative difference, and below the "solidity length" which is roughly one micron at the glass transition, a glass-forming liquid behaves much like a solid. Recent numerical evidence for the solidity of ultraviscous liquids is reviewed, and experimental consequences are discussed in relation to dynamic heterogeneity, frequency-dependent linear-response functions, and the temperature dependence of the average relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Dept. of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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3
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Keith AD, Sawyer EB, Choy DCY, Xie Y, Biggs GS, Klein OJ, Brear PD, Wales DJ, Barker PD. Combining experiment and energy landscapes to explore anaerobic heme breakdown in multifunctional hemoproteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:695-712. [PMID: 38053511 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
To survive, many pathogens extract heme from their host organism and break down the porphyrin scaffold to sequester the Fe2+ ion via a heme oxygenase. Recent studies have revealed that certain pathogens can anaerobically degrade heme. Our own research has shown that one such pathway proceeds via NADH-dependent heme degradation, which has been identified in a family of hemoproteins from a range of bacteria. HemS, from Yersinia enterocolitica, is the main focus of this work, along with HmuS (Yersinia pestis), ChuS (Escherichia coli) and ShuS (Shigella dysenteriae). We combine experiments, Energy Landscape Theory, and a bioinformatic investigation to place these homologues within a wider phylogenetic context. A subset of these hemoproteins are known to bind certain DNA promoter regions, suggesting not only that they can catalytically degrade heme, but that they are also involved in transcriptional modulation responding to heme flux. Many of the bacterial species responsible for these hemoproteins (including those that produce HemS, ChuS and ShuS) are known to specifically target oxygen-depleted regions of the gastrointestinal tract. A deeper understanding of anaerobic heme breakdown processes exploited by these pathogens could therefore prove useful in the development of future strategies for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair D Keith
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Elizabeth B Sawyer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Desmond C Y Choy
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Yuhang Xie
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - George S Biggs
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Oskar James Klein
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Paul D Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - David J Wales
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Paul D Barker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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4
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Mossa S, Bryk T, Ruocco G, Schirmacher W. Heterogeneous-elasticity theory of instantaneous normal modes in liquids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21442. [PMID: 38052816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since decades, the concept of vibrational density of states in glasses has been mirrored in liquids by the instantaneous-normal-mode spectrum. In glasses instantaneous configurations are believed to be situated close to minima of the potential-energy hypersurface and all eigenvalues of the associated Hessian matrix are positive. In liquids this is no longer true, and modes corresponding to both positive and negative eigenvalues exist. The instantaneous-normal-mode spectrum has been numerically investigated in the past, and it has been demonstrated to bring important information on the liquid dynamics and transport properties. A systematic deeper theoretical understanding is now needed. Heterogeneous-elasticity theory has proven to be particularly successful in explaining many details of the low-frequency excitations in glasses, ranging from the thoroughly studied boson peak, to other anomalies related to the crossover between wave-like and random-matrix-like excitations. Here we present an extension of heterogeneous-elasticity theory to the liquid state, and show that the outcome of the theory agrees well to the results of extensive molecular-dynamics simulations of a model liquid at different temperatures. We find that the spectrum of eigenvalues [Formula: see text] has a sharp maximum close to (but not at) [Formula: see text], and decreases monotonically with [Formula: see text] on both its stable and unstable side. We show that the spectral shape strongly depends on temperature, being symmetric at high temperatures and becoming rather asymmetric at low temperatures, close to the dynamical critical temperature. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the theory naturally reproduces a surprising phenomenon, a zero-energy spectral singularity with a cusp-like character developing in the vibrational spectra upon cooling. This feature, known from a few previous numerical studies, has been generally overlooked in the past due to a misleading representation of the data. We provide a thorough analysis of this issue, based on both very accurate predictions of our theory, and computational studies of model liquid systems with extended size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mossa
- CEA, IRIG-MEM-LSim, University Grenoble Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France.
| | - Taras Bryk
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, 79011, Ukraine
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Fundamental Sciences, Lviv National Polytechnic University, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 295 Viale Regina Elena, 00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Walter Schirmacher
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 295 Viale Regina Elena, 00161, Roma, Italy
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Yoon H, Heinzman J, Smith SE, Gopinadhan M, Edmond KV, Clingenpeel AC, Alvarez NJ. Highly stable petroleum pitches provide access to the deep glassy state. SOFT MATTER 2023. [PMID: 38037425 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the fast aging behavior of two petroleum pitch materials despite being only three to five years old. We observe that these highly aromatic pitches with broad distributions of both molecular weight and aromaticity exhibit large enthalpic relaxation endotherms in initial DSC heating scans, and 20-32 °C reductions in the fictive temperature and 0.35-0.87 of θK, which are indicative of aged glasses similar to ultrastable glasses and 20 MA aged amber. Quantifying the degree of thermodynamic stability relative to the Kauzmann temperature vs. the aging time demonstrates that these materials age just as quickly as low fragility metallic glasses. Additionally, we observe that pitches age faster than polymers reported in the literature when compared using down-jump experiments. We hypothesize that the fraction of higher aromaticity of pitch molecules plays a crucial role in faster dynamics. The unique aging behavior and the ability to produce pitches in bulk quantities using pilot-scale equipment, while being possible to tailor their molecular composition, make them a useful material for studying complex aging dynamics in the deep glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedong Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - James Heinzman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stuart E Smith
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Manesh Gopinadhan
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Kazem V Edmond
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Amy C Clingenpeel
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Nicolas J Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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6
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Charbonneau P, Morse PK. Jamming, relaxation, and memory in a minimally structured glass former. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054102. [PMID: 38115479 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural glasses form through various out-of-equilibrium processes, including temperature quenches, rapid compression (crunches), and shear. Although each of these processes should be formally understandable within the recently formulated dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) of glasses, the numerical tools needed to solve the DMFT equations up to the relevant physical regime do not yet exist. In this context, numerical simulations of minimally structured (and therefore mean-field-like) model glass formers can aid the search for and understanding of such solutions, thanks to their ability to disentangle structural from dimensional effects. We study here the infinite-range Mari-Kurchan model under simple out-of-equilibrium processes, and we compare results with the random Lorentz gas [J. Phys. A 55, 334001 (2022)10.1088/1751-8121/ac7f06]. Because both models are mean-field-like and formally equivalent in the limit of infinite spatial dimensions, robust features are expected to appear in the DMFT as well. The comparison provides insight into temperature and density onsets, memory, as well as anomalous relaxation. This work also further enriches the algorithmic understanding of the jamming density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Charbonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Peter K Morse
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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7
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Chen Q, Guo L, Di H, Qi Z, Wang Z, Song Z, Zhang L, Hu L, Wang W. Nanoscale Oxygenous Heterogeneity in FePC Glass for Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalytic Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304045. [PMID: 37736679 PMCID: PMC10625099 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Metallic glass, with its unique disordered atomic structure and high density of low-coordination sites, is regarded as the most competitive new catalyst for environmental catalysis. However, the efficiency and stability of metallic glass catalysts are often affected by their atomic configuration. Thus, the design and regulation of the nanoscale structure of metallic glasses to improve their catalytic efficiency and stability remains a challenge. Herein, a non-noble component, Fe75 P15 C10 amorphous ribbon, is used as a precursor to fabricate a hierarchical gradient catalyst with nanoscale heterogeneous and oxygenous amorphous structure by simple annealing and acid-immersing. The resulting catalyst offers an ultrahigh catalytic ability of kSA• C0 = 3101 mg m-2 min-1 and excellent reusability of 39 times without efficiency decay in dye wastewater degradation. Theoretical calculations indicate that the excellent catalytic performance of the catalyst can be attributed to its unique heterogeneous nanoglass structure, which induces oxygen atoms. Compared to the FePC structure, the FeP/FePCO structure exhibits strong charge transferability, and the energy barrier of the rate-determining steps of the conversion of S2 O8 2- to SO4 -• is reduced from 2.52 to 0.97 eV. This study reveals that a heterogeneous nanoglass structure is a new strategy for obtaining high catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Lingyu Guo
- School of Transportation and Logistics EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430063China
| | - Haoxiang Di
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Ziqi Song
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Laichang Zhang
- School of EngineeringEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup Drive, JoondalupPerthWA6027Australia
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China
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8
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Wu S, Cai C, Wang X, Zhang Q, Tan Z, Li F, Dong S. Bulk and transparent supramolecular glass from evaporation-induced noncovalent polymerization of nucleosides. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5152-5160. [PMID: 37700633 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of glass is one of the most important challenges in chemistry, physics, and materials science. In this study, transparent bulk supramolecular glasses with excellent optical behaviors and good mechanical properties were fabricated via the non-covalent polymerization of nucleosides. Hydrogen bonding is the main driving force in the formation of bulk supramolecular glasses. The directional and saturated character of hydrogen bonding enables the formation of a short-range ordered structure, while the weak nature and reversibility of hydrogen bonds allow for the asymmetric and random connections of the short-range ordered structure into a long-range disordered network. Various relaxations, including β, γ, and δ relaxations, are observed at temperatures below the glass transition temperature, demonstrating the metastable nature of bulk supramolecular glasses. This investigation offers supramolecular insights into the nature of glass materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanggen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Changyong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Xunqiu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
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9
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Xu H, Baggioli M, Keyes T. A fresh look at the vibrational and thermodynamic properties of liquids within the soft potential model. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154501. [PMID: 37846955 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the case of solids and gases, where Debye theory and kinetic theory offer a good description for most of the physical properties, a complete theoretical understanding of the vibrational and thermodynamic properties of liquids is still missing. Liquids exhibit a vibrational density of states (VDOS) which does not obey Debye law, and a heat capacity which decreases monotonically with temperature, rather than growing as in solids. Despite many attempts, a simple, complete and widely accepted theoretical framework able to formally derive the aforementioned properties has not been found yet. Here, we revisit one of the theoretical proposals, and in particular we re-analyze the properties of liquids within the soft-potential model, originally formulated for glasses. We confirm that, at least at a qualitative level, many characteristic properties of liquids can be rationalized within this model. We discuss the validity of several phenomenological expressions proposed in the literature for the density of unstable modes, and in particular for its temperature and frequency dependence. We discuss the role of negative curvature regions and unstable modes as fundamental ingredients to have a linear in frequency VDOS. Finally, we compute the heat capacity within the soft potential model for liquids and we show that it decreases with temperature, in agreement with experimental and simulation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Xu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Tom Keyes
- Chemistry Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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10
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Silva JC, Pereira Silva PS, Ramos Silva M, Fantechi E, Chelazzi L, Ciattini S, Eusébio MES, Rosado MTS. Amorphous Solid Forms of Ranolazine and Tryptophan and Their Relaxation to Metastable Polymorphs. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6679-6691. [PMID: 37692331 PMCID: PMC10486308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Different methods were explored for the amorphization of ranolazine, a sparingly soluble anti-anginal drug, such as mechanochemistry, quench-cooling, and solvent evaporation from solutions. Amorphous phases, with Tg values lower than room temperature, were obtained by cryo-milling and quench-cooling. New forms of ranolazine, named II and III, were identified from the relaxation of the ranolazine amorphous phase produced by cryo-milling, which takes place within several hours after grinding. At room temperature, these metastable polymorphs relax to the lower energy polymorph I, whose crystal structure was solved in this work for the first time. A binary co-amorphous mixture of ranolazine and tryptophan was produced, with three important advantages: higher glass transition temperature, increased kinetic stability preventing relaxation of the amorphous to crystalline phases for at least two months, and improved aqueous solubility. Concomitantly, the thermal behavior of amorphous tryptophan obtained by cryo-milling was studied by DSC. Depending on experimental conditions, it was possible to observe relaxation directly to the lower energy form or by an intermediate metastable crystalline phase and the serendipitous production of the neutral form of this amino acid in the pure solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana
F. C. Silva
- CQC-IMS,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro S. Pereira Silva
- CFisUC,
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ramos Silva
- CFisUC,
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fantechi
- Centro
di Cristallografia Strutturale (CRIST), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Chelazzi
- Centro
di Cristallografia Strutturale (CRIST), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Ciattini
- Centro
di Cristallografia Strutturale (CRIST), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - M. Ermelinda S. Eusébio
- CQC-IMS,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário T. S. Rosado
- CQC-IMS,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Nguyen V, Song X. Automated characterization of spatial and dynamical heterogeneity in supercooled liquids via implementation of machine learning. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:465401. [PMID: 37531967 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acecef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
A computational approach by an implementation of the principle component analysis (PCA) withK-means and Gaussian mixture (GM) clustering methods from machine learning algorithms to identify structural and dynamical heterogeneities of supercooled liquids is developed. In this method, a collection of the average weighted coordination numbers (WCNs‾) of particles calculated from particles' positions are used as an order parameter to build a low-dimensional representation of feature (structural) space forK-means clustering to sort the particles in the system into few meso-states using PCA. Nano-domains or aggregated clusters are also formed in configurational (real) space from a direct mapping using associated meso-states' particle identities with some misclassified interfacial particles. These classification uncertainties can be improved by a co-learning strategy which utilizes the probabilistic GM clustering and the information transfer between the structural space and configurational space iteratively until convergence. A final classification of meso-states in structural space and domains in configurational space are stable over long times and measured to have dynamical heterogeneities. Armed with such a classification protocol, various studies over the thermodynamic and dynamical properties of these domains indicate that the observed heterogeneity is the result of liquid-liquid phase separation after quenching to a supercooled state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Nguyen
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Xueyu Song
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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12
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Yerezhep D, Akylbayeva A, Golikov O, Sokolov DY, Shinbayeva A, Aldiyarov AU. Analysis of Vibrational Spectra of Tetrafluoroethane Glasses Deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19567-19574. [PMID: 37305244 PMCID: PMC10249381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained in the study of structural phase transitions in thin films of R134A. The samples were condensed on a substrate by physical deposition of R134A molecules from the gas phase. Structural phase transformations in samples were investigated by observing the changes in characteristic frequencies of Freon molecules in the mid-infrared range with the help of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range from 12 to 90 K. A number of structural phase states, including glassy forms, were detected. The changes in thermogram curves at fixed frequencies of half-widths of absorption bands of R134A molecules were revealed. These changes indicate a large bathochromic shift of these bands at frequencies of ν = 842 cm-1, ν = 965 cm-1, and ν = 958 cm-1 and a hypsochromic shift of the bands at frequencies of ν = 1055 cm-1, ν = 1170 cm-1, and ν = 1280 cm-1 at temperatures from T = 80 K to T = 84 K. These shifts are related to the structural phase transformations in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darkhan Yerezhep
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Satbayev
University, 22 Satbayev
str., 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Institute
of Physics and Technology, Satbayev University, Ibragimov str., 11, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Akylbayeva
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Kazakhstan
Institute of Standardization and Metrology Committee of Technical
Regulation and Metrology Ministry of Trade and Integration of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, Mangilik El Avenue, 11, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg Golikov
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Yurievich Sokolov
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Almaty
Technological University, Tole Bi Avenue, 100, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainura Shinbayeva
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
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13
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Kringle L, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Dynamic Heterogeneity and Kovacs' Memory Effects in Supercooled Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3919-3930. [PMID: 37097190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the properties of supercooled water is important for developing a comprehensive theory for liquid water and amorphous ices. Because of rapid crystallization for deeply supercooled water, experiments on it are typically carried out under conditions in which the temperature and/or pressure are rapidly changing. As a result, information on the structural relaxation kinetics of supercooled water as it approaches (metastable) equilibrium is useful for interpreting results obtained in this experimentally challenging region of phase space. We used infrared spectroscopy and the fast time resolution obtained by transiently heating nanoscale water films to investigate relaxation kinetics (aging) in supercooled water. When the structural relaxation of the water films was followed using a temperature jump protocol analogous to the classic experiments of Kovacs, similar memory effects were observed. In particular, after suitable aging at one temperature, water's structure displayed an extremum versus the number of heat pulses upon changing to a second temperature before eventually relaxing to a steady-state structure characteristic of that temperature. A random double well model based on the idea of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled water accounts for the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Kringle
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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14
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Shiraishi K, Mizuno H, Ikeda A. Johari-Goldstein β relaxation in glassy dynamics originates from two-scale energy landscape. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215153120. [PMID: 36989301 PMCID: PMC10083593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215153120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercooled liquids undergo complicated structural relaxation processes, which have been a long-standing problem in both experimental and theoretical aspects of condensed matter physics. In particular, past experiments widely observed for many types of molecular liquids that relaxation dynamics separated into two distinct processes at low temperatures. One of the possible interpretations is that this separation originates from the two-scale hierarchical topography of the potential energy landscape; however, it has never been verified. Molecular dynamics simulations are a promising approach to tackle this issue, but we must overcome laborious difficulties. First, we must handle a model of molecular liquids that is computationally demanding compared to simple spherical models, which have been intensively studied but show only a slower process: α relaxation. Second, we must reach a sufficiently low-temperature regime where the two processes become well-separated. Here, we handle an asymmetric dimer system that exhibits a faster process: Johari-Goldstein β relaxation. Then, we employ the parallel tempering method to access the low-temperature regime. These laborious efforts enable us to investigate the potential energy landscape in detail and unveil the first direct evidence of the topographic hierarchy that induces the β relaxation. We also successfully characterize the microscopic motions of particles during each relaxation process. Finally, we study the correlation between low-frequency modes and two relaxation processes. Our results establish a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of experimentally observed relaxation dynamics in supercooled liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Shiraishi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo153-8902, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo153-8902, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo153-8902, Japan
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15
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Shafqat N, Alegría A, Malicki N, Dronet S, Natali F, Mangin-Thro L, Porcar L, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Microscopic versus Macroscopic Glass Transitions and Relevant Length Scales in Mixtures of Industrial Interest. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2149-2163. [PMID: 36938513 PMCID: PMC10019463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We have combined X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction with polarization analysis, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), neutron elastic fixed window scans (EFWS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate polymeric blends of industrial interest composed by isotopically labeled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and polystyrene (PS) oligomers of size smaller than the Kuhn length. The EFWS are sensitive to the onset of liquid-like motions across the calorimetric glass transition, allowing the selective determination of the "microscopic" effective glass transitions of the components. These are compared with the "macroscopic" counterparts disentangled by the analysis of the DSC results in terms of a model based on the effects of thermally driven concentration fluctuations and self-concentration. At the microscopic level, the mixtures are dynamically heterogeneous for blends with intermediate concentrations or rich in PS, while the sample with highest content of the fast SBR component looks as dynamically homogeneous. Moreover, the combination of SANS and DSC has allowed determining the relevant length scale for the α-relaxation through its loss of equilibrium to be ≈30 Å. This is compared with the different characteristic length scales that can be identified in these complex mixtures from structural, thermodynamical, and dynamical points of view because of the combined approach followed. We also discuss the sources of the non-Gaussian effects observed for the atomic displacements and the applicability of a Lindemann-like criterion in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numera Shafqat
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Manufacture
Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes
Déchaux, F-63040 Cedex 9, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angel Alegría
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nicolas Malicki
- Manufacture
Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes
Déchaux, F-63040 Cedex 9, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Séverin Dronet
- Manufacture
Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes
Déchaux, F-63040 Cedex 9, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Francesca Natali
- CNR-IOM,
OGG, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucile Mangin-Thro
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Cedex
9, Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Cedex
9, Grenoble, France
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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16
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Liu M, Slavney AH, Tao S, McGillicuddy RD, Lee CC, Wenny MB, Billinge SJL, Mason JA. Designing Glass and Crystalline Phases of Metal-Bis(acetamide) Networks to Promote High Optical Contrast. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22262-22271. [PMID: 36441167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their high tunability and predictable structures, metal-organic materials offer a powerful platform to study glass formation and crystallization processes and to design glasses with unique properties. Here, we report a novel series of glass-forming metal-ethylenebis(acetamide) networks that undergo reversible glass and crystallization transitions below 200 °C. The glass-transition temperatures, crystallization kinetics, and glass stability of these materials are readily tunable, either by synthetic modification or by liquid-phase blending, to form binary glasses. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis reveals extended structural correlations in both single and binary metal-bis(acetamide) glasses and highlights the important role of metal-metal correlations during structural evolution across glass-crystal transitions. Notably, the glass and crystalline phases of a Co-ethylenebis(acetamide) binary network feature a large reflectivity contrast ratio of 4.8 that results from changes in the local coordination environment around Co centers. These results provide new insights into glass-crystal transitions in metal-organic materials and have exciting implications for optical switching, rewritable data storage, and functional glass ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtan Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Adam H Slavney
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Songsheng Tao
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Ryan D McGillicuddy
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Cassia C Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Malia B Wenny
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States.,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Jarad A Mason
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
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17
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Zhang DM, Sun DY, Gong XG. Angell plot from the potential energy landscape perspective. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064129. [PMID: 36671189 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the scenario of the potential energy landscape (PEL), a thermodynamic model has been developed to uncover the physics behind the Angell plot. In our model, by separating the barrier distribution in PELs into a Gaussian-like and a power-law form, we obtain a general relationship between the relaxation time and the temperature. The wide range of the experimental data in the Angell plot, as well as the molecular-dynamics data, can be excellently fitted by two characteristic parameters, the effective barrier (ω) and the effective width (σ) of a Gaussian-like distribution. More importantly, the fitted ω and σ^{2} for all glasses are found to have a simple linear relationship within a very narrow band, and fragile and strong glasses are well separated in the ω-σ^{2} plot, which indicates that glassy states appear only in a specific region of the PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - D Y Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (MOE), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - X G Gong
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution, Shanghai 200030, China
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18
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Highly tunable β-relaxation enables the tailoring of crystallization in phase-change materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7352. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn glasses, secondary (β-) relaxations are the predominant source of atomic dynamics. Recently, they have been discovered in covalently bonded glasses, i.e., amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs). However, it is unclear what the mechanism of β-relaxations is in covalent systems and how they are related to crystallization behaviors of PCMs that are crucial properties for non-volatile memories and neuromorphic applications. Here we show direct evidence that crystallization is strongly linked to β-relaxations. We find that the β-relaxation in Ge15Sb85 possesses a high tunability, which enables a manipulation of crystallization kinetics by an order of magnitude. In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, dielectric functions, and ab-initio calculations indicate that the weakened β-relaxation intensity stems from a local reinforcement of Peierls-like distortions, which increases the rigidity of the bonding network and decreases the dynamic heterogeneity. Our findings offer a conceptually new approach to tuning the crystallization of PCMs based on manipulating the β-relaxations.
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19
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Stoppleman JP, McDaniel JG, Cicerone MT. Excitations follow (or lead?) density scaling in propylene carbonate. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:204506. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0123444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural excitations that enable interbasin (IB) barrier crossings on a potential energy landscape are thought to play a facilitating role in the relaxation of liquids. Here, we show that the population of these excitations exhibits the same density scaling observed for α relaxation in propylene carbonate, even though they are heavily influenced by intramolecular modes. We also find that IB crossing modes exhibit a Gr[Formula: see text]neisen parameter ( γ G) that is approximately equivalent to the density scaling parameter γ TS. These observations suggest that the well-documented relationship between γ G and γ TS may be a direct result of the pressure dependence of the frequency of unstable (relaxation) modes associated with IB motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Stoppleman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA,
| | - Jesse G. McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA,
| | - Marcus T. Cicerone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA,
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20
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Weigle AT, Feng J, Shukla D. Thirty years of molecular dynamics simulations on posttranslational modifications of proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26371-26397. [PMID: 36285789 PMCID: PMC9704509 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02883b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are an integral component to how cells respond to perturbation. While experimental advances have enabled improved PTM identification capabilities, the same throughput for characterizing how structural changes caused by PTMs equate to altered physiological function has not been maintained. In this Perspective, we cover the history of computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations which have characterized the structural implications of PTMs. We distinguish results from different molecular dynamics studies based upon the timescales simulated and analysis approaches used for PTM characterization. Lastly, we offer insights into how opportunities for modern research efforts on in silico PTM characterization may proceed given current state-of-the-art computing capabilities and methodological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Weigle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jiangyan Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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21
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Jin T, Hilburg SL, Alexander-Katz A. Glass transition of random heteropolymers: A molecular dynamics simulation study in melt, in water, and in vacuum. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Dicks L, Wales DJ. Exploiting Sequence-Dependent Rotamer Information in Global Optimization of Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8381-8390. [PMID: 36257022 PMCID: PMC9623586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rotamers, namely amino acid side chain conformations common to many different peptides, can be compiled into libraries. These rotamer libraries are used in protein modeling, where the limited conformational space occupied by amino acid side chains is exploited. Here, we construct a sequence-dependent rotamer library from simulations of all possible tripeptides, which provides rotameric states dependent on adjacent amino acids. We observe significant sensitivity of rotamer populations to sequence and find that the library is successful in locating side chain conformations present in crystal structures. The library is designed for applications with basin-hopping global optimization, where we use it to propose moves in conformational space. The addition of rotamer moves significantly increases the efficiency of protein structure prediction within this framework, and we determine parameters to optimize efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dicks
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom,IBM
Research, The Hartree Centre STFC Laboratory,
Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - D. J. Wales
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom,
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23
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Kim S, Hilgenfeldt S. Structural Measures as Guides to Ultrastable States in Overjammed Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:168001. [PMID: 36306772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.168001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jammed, disordered packings of given sets of particles possess a multitude of equilibrium states with different mechanical properties. Identifying and constructing desired states, e.g., of superior stability, is a complex task. Here, we show that in two-dimensional particle packings the energy of all metastable states (inherent structures) is reliably classified by simple scalar measures of local steric packing. These structural measures are insensitive to the particle interaction potential and so robust that they can be used to guide a modified swap algorithm that anneals polydisperse packings toward low-energy metastable states exceptionally fast. The low-energy states are extraordinarily stable against applied shear, so that the approach also efficiently identifies ultrastable packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, USA
| | - Sascha Hilgenfeldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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24
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Jin J, Pak AJ, Durumeric AEP, Loose TD, Voth GA. Bottom-up Coarse-Graining: Principles and Perspectives. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5759-5791. [PMID: 36070494 PMCID: PMC9558379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale computational molecular models provide scientists a means to investigate the effect of microscopic details on emergent mesoscopic behavior. Elucidating the relationship between variations on the molecular scale and macroscopic observable properties facilitates an understanding of the molecular interactions driving the properties of real world materials and complex systems (e.g., those found in biology, chemistry, and materials science). As a result, discovering an explicit, systematic connection between microscopic nature and emergent mesoscopic behavior is a fundamental goal for this type of investigation. The molecular forces critical to driving the behavior of complex heterogeneous systems are often unclear. More problematically, simulations of representative model systems are often prohibitively expensive from both spatial and temporal perspectives, impeding straightforward investigations over possible hypotheses characterizing molecular behavior. While the reduction in resolution of a study, such as moving from an atomistic simulation to that of the resolution of large coarse-grained (CG) groups of atoms, can partially ameliorate the cost of individual simulations, the relationship between the proposed microscopic details and this intermediate resolution is nontrivial and presents new obstacles to study. Small portions of these complex systems can be realistically simulated. Alone, these smaller simulations likely do not provide insight into collectively emergent behavior. However, by proposing that the driving forces in both smaller and larger systems (containing many related copies of the smaller system) have an explicit connection, systematic bottom-up CG techniques can be used to transfer CG hypotheses discovered using a smaller scale system to a larger system of primary interest. The proposed connection between different CG systems is prescribed by (i) the CG representation (mapping) and (ii) the functional form and parameters used to represent the CG energetics, which approximate potentials of mean force (PMFs). As a result, the design of CG methods that facilitate a variety of physically relevant representations, approximations, and force fields is critical to moving the frontier of systematic CG forward. Crucially, the proposed connection between the system used for parametrization and the system of interest is orthogonal to the optimization used to approximate the potential of mean force present in all systematic CG methods. The empirical efficacy of machine learning techniques on a variety of tasks provides strong motivation to consider these approaches for approximating the PMF and analyzing these approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeok Jin
- Department of Chemistry,
Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical
Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander J. Pak
- Department of Chemistry,
Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical
Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aleksander E. P. Durumeric
- Department of Chemistry,
Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical
Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Timothy D. Loose
- Department of Chemistry,
Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical
Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry,
Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical
Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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25
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Jin T, Coley CW, Alexander-Katz A. Molecular signatures of the glass transition in polymers. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014506. [PMID: 35974655 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature (T_{g}) is one of the most fundamental properties of polymers. T_{g} is predicted by some theories as a sudden change in a "macroscopic" quantity (e.g., compressibility). However, for systems with "soft" glass transitions where the change is gradual it becomes hard to pinpoint precisely the transition temperature as well as the set of molecular changes occurring during this transition. Here, we introduce two new molecular signatures for the glass transition of polymers that exhibit clear changes as one approaches T_{g}: (i) differential change of the probability distribution of dihedral angles as a function of temperature and (ii) the distribution of fractional of the time spent in the different torsional states. These new signatures provide insights into the glass transition in polymers by directly exhibiting the concept of spatial heterogeneity and dynamical ergodicity breaking in such systems, as well as provide a key step to quantitatively obtain the transition temperature from molecular characteristics of the polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Resolution and characterization of contributions of select protein and coupled solvent configurational fluctuations to radical rearrangement catalysis in coenzyme B 12-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase. Methods Enzymol 2022; 669:229-259. [PMID: 35644173 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme B12 (adenosylcobalamin) -dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) is the signature enzyme in ethanolamine utilization metabolism associated with microbiome homeostasis and disease conditions in the human gut. The enzyme conducts a complex choreography of bond-making/bond-breaking steps that rearrange substrate to products through a radical mechanism, with themes common to other coenzyme B12-dependent and radical enzymes. The methods presented are targeted to test the hypothesis that particular, select protein and coupled solvent configurational fluctuations contribute to enzyme function. The general approach is to correlate enzyme function with an introduced perturbation that alters the properties (for example, degree of concertedness, or collectiveness) of protein and coupled solvent dynamics. Methods for sample preparation and low-temperature kinetic measurements by using temperature-step reaction initiation and time-resolved, full-spectrum electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy are detailed. A framework for interpretation of results obtained in ensemble systems under conditions of statistical equilibrium within the reacting, globally unstable state is presented. The temperature-dependence of the first-order rate constants for decay of the cryotrapped paramagnetic substrate radical state in EAL, through the chemical step of radical rearrangement, displays a piecewise-continuous Arrhenius dependence from 203 to 295K, punctuated by a kinetic bifurcation over 219-220K. The results reveal the obligatory contribution of a class of select collective protein and coupled solvent fluctuations to the interconversion of two resolved, sequential configurational substates, on the decay time scale. The select class of collective fluctuations also contributes to the chemical step. The methods and analysis are generally applicable to other coenzyme B12-dependent and related radical enzymes.
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27
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Heyes DM, Dini D. Intrinsic viscuit probability distribution functions for transport coefficients of liquids and solids. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A reformulation of the Green–Kubo expressions for the transport coefficients of liquids in terms of a probability distribution function (PDF) of short trajectory contributions, which were named “viscuits,” has been explored in a number of recent publications. The viscuit PDF, P, is asymmetric on the two sides of the distribution. It is shown here using equilibrium 3D and 2D molecular dynamics simulations that the viscuit PDF of a range of simple molecular single component and mixture liquid and solid systems can be expressed in terms of the same intrinsic PDF ( P0), which is derived from P with the viscuit normalized by the standard deviation separately on each side of the distribution. P0 is symmetric between the two sides and can be represented for not very small viscuit values by the same gamma distribution formulated in terms of a single disposable parameter. P0 tends to an exponential in the large viscuit wings. Scattergrams of the viscuits and their associated single trajectory correlation functions are shown to distinguish effectively between liquids, solids, and glassy systems. The so-called viscuit square root method for obtaining the transport coefficients is shown to be a useful probe of small and statistically zero self-diffusion coefficients of molecules in the liquid and solid states, respectively. The results of this work suggest that the transport coefficients have a common underlying physical origin, reflecting at a coarse-grained level the traversal statistics of the system through its high-dimensioned potential energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Heyes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D. Dini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Jiang M, Dai L. 非晶态固体力学. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Meerson B. Negative autocorrelations of disorder strongly suppress thermally activated particle motion in short-correlated quenched Gaussian disorder potentials. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034106. [PMID: 35428118 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the mean escape time of overdamped particles over potential barriers in short-correlated quenched Gaussian disorder potentials in one dimension at low temperature. The thermally activated escape is very sensitive to the form of the tail of the potential barrier probability distribution. We evaluate this tail by using the optimal fluctuation method. For monotone decreasing autocovariances, we reproduce the tail obtained by Lopatin and Vinokur (2001). However, for nonmonotonic autocovariances of the disorder potential which exhibit negative autocorrelations, we show that the tail is higher. This leads to an exponential increase of the mean escape time. The transition between the two regimes has the character of a first-order transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Meerson
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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30
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de Almeida Ribeiro I, de Koning M, Molinero V. Is It Possible to Follow the Structural Evolution of Water in "No-Man's Land" Using a Pulsed-Heating Procedure? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1085-1089. [PMID: 35080178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous increase in compressibility and heat capacity of supercooled water has been attributed to its structural transformation of into a four-coordinated liquid. Experiments revealed that κT and Cp peak at TWthermo ≈ 229 K [Kim et al. Science 2017, 358, 1589; Pathak et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2021, 118, e2018379118]. Recently, a pulsed heating procedure (PHP) was employed to interrogate the structure of water, reporting a steep increase in tetrahedrality around TWPHP = 210 ± 3 K [Kringle et al. Science 2020, 369, 1490]. This discrepancy questions whether water structure and thermodynamics are decoupled, or if the shift in TW is an artifact of PHP. Here we implement PHP in molecular simulations. We find that the stationary states captured at the bottom of the pulse are not representative of the thermalized liquid or its inherent structure. Our analysis reveals a temperature-dependent distortion that shifts TWPHP to ∼20 K below TWthermo. We conclude that 2 orders of magnitude faster rates are required to sample water's inherent structure with PHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-861, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapol Ma
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horike
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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32
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Endo T, Sunada K, Sumida H, Kimura Y. Origin of low melting point of ionic liquids: dominant role of entropy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7560-7565. [PMID: 35872823 PMCID: PMC9241968 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02342c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large structural entropy makes salts liquid at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Endo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kouki Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sumida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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33
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Han X, Wu G, Du J, Pi J, Yan M, Hong X. Metal and metal oxide amorphous nanomaterials towards electrochemical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:223-237. [PMID: 34878467 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04141j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous nanomaterials have aroused extensive interest due to their unique properties. Their performance is highly related with their distinct atomic arrangements, which have no long-range order but possess short- to medium-range order. Herein, an overview of state-of-the-art synthesis methods of amorphous nanomaterials, structural characteristics and their electrochemical properties is presented. Advanced characterization methods for analyzing and proving the local order of amorphous structures, such as X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, atomic electron tomography and nanobeam electron diffraction, are introduced. Various synthesis strategies for amorphous nanomaterials are covered, especially the salt-assisted metal organic decomposition method to prepare ultrathin amorphous nanosheets. Furthermore, the design and structure-activity relationship of amorphous nanomaterials towards electrochemical applications, including electrocatalysts and battery anode/cathode materials, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Geng Wu
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Junyi Du
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jinglin Pi
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Muyu Yan
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xun Hong
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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34
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Liu C, Fan Y. Emergent Fractal Energy Landscape as the Origin of Stress-Accelerated Dynamics in Amorphous Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:215502. [PMID: 34860096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.215502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ageing dynamics in a multiplicity of metastable glasses are investigated at various thermomechanical conditions. By using data analytics to deconvolute the integral effects of environmental factors (e.g., energy level, temperature, stress), and by directly scrutinizing the minimum energy pathways for local excitations, we demonstrate external shear would make the system's energy landscape surprisingly fractal and create an emergent low-barrier mode with highly tortuous pathways, leading to an accelerated relaxation. This finding marks a departure from the classic picture of shear-induced simple bias of energy landscape. The insights and implications of this study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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35
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Saliou A, Jarry P, Jakse N. Excess entropy scaling law: A potential energy landscape view. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044128. [PMID: 34781503 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between excess entropy and diffusion is revisited by means of large-scale computer simulation combined to supervised learning approach to determine the excess entropy for the Lennard-Jones potential. Results reveal a strong correlation with the properties of the potential energy landscape (PEL). In particular the exponential law holding in the liquid is seen to be linked with the landscape-influenced regime of the PEL whereas the fluidlike power-law corresponds to the free diffusion regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Saliou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Jarry
- C-TEC, Parc Economique Centr'alp, 725 rue Aristide Bergès, CS10027, Voreppe 38341 cedex, France
| | - Noel Jakse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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36
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Dhamankar S, Webb MA. Chemically specific coarse‐graining of polymers: Methods and prospects. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyen Dhamankar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
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37
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Establishing a unified framework for ion solvation and transport in liquid and solid electrolytes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Ionic liquid facilitated melting of the metal-organic framework ZIF-8. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5703. [PMID: 34588462 PMCID: PMC8481281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid glasses from melt-quenched metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been emerging as a new class of materials, which combine the functional properties of crystalline MOFs with the processability of glasses. However, only a handful of the crystalline MOFs are meltable. Porosity and metal-linker interaction strength have both been identified as crucial parameters in the trade-off between thermal decomposition of the organic linker and, more desirably, melting. For example, the inability of the prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) ZIF-8 to melt, is ascribed to the instability of the organic linker upon dissociation from the metal center. Here, we demonstrate that the incorporation of an ionic liquid (IL) into the porous interior of ZIF-8 provides a means to reduce its melting temperature to below its thermal decomposition temperature. Our structural studies show that the prevention of decomposition, and successful melting, is due to the IL interactions stabilizing the rapidly dissociating ZIF-8 linkers upon heating. This understanding may act as a general guide for extending the range of meltable MOF materials and, hence, the chemical and structural variety of MOF-derived glasses.
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39
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Vogiatzis GG, van Breemen LCA, Hütter M. Structural Transitions in Glassy Atactic Polystyrene Using Transition-State Theory. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7273-7289. [PMID: 34161106 PMCID: PMC8279558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transition pathways
on the energy landscape of atactic polystyrene
(aPS) glassy specimens are probed below its glass-transition temperature.
Each of these transitions is considered an elementary structural relaxation
event, whose corresponding rate constant is calculated by applying
multidimensional transition-state theory. Initially, a wide spectrum
of first-order saddle points surrounding local minima on the energy
landscape is discovered by a stabilized hybrid eigenmode-following
method. Then, (minimal-energy) “reaction paths” to the
adjacent minima are constructed by a quadratic descent method. The
heights of the free energy, the potential energy, and the entropy
barriers are estimated for every connected triplet of transition state
and minima. The resulting distribution of free energy barriers is
asymmetric and extremely broad, extending to very high barrier heights
(over 50 kBT); the corresponding
distribution of rate constants extends over 30 orders of magnitude,
with well-defined peaks at the time scales corresponding to the subglass
relaxations of polystyrene. Analysis of the curvature along the reaction
paths reveals a multitude of different rearrangement mechanisms; some
of them bearing multiple distinct phases. Finally, connections to
theoretical models of the glass phenomenology allows for the prediction,
based on first-principles, of the “ideal” glass-transition
temperature entering the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT)
equation describing the super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of
glassy dynamics. Our predictions of the time scales of the subglass
relaxations and the VFT temperature are in favorable agreement with
available experimental literature data for systems of similar molecular
weight under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios G Vogiatzis
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lambèrt C A van Breemen
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Hütter
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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40
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Suzuki Y, Tsuji N, Miyata K, Kano T, Fukao K, Matsumoto A. Characteristic Features of
α
and
β
Relaxations of Poly(diethyl fumarate) as the Poly(substituted methylene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
| | - Nagisa Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
| | - Kairi Miyata
- Department of Physics Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Noji‐higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525‐8577 Japan
| | - Takahito Kano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Noji‐higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525‐8577 Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
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41
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Exploring energy landscapes at the DFTB quantum level using the threshold algorithm: the case of the anionic metal cluster Au$$_{20}^{-}$$. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Padhye N, Vallabh A. Deformation‐induced
bonding of polymer films below the glass transition temperature. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Mols RHM, Vogiatzis GG, van Breemen LCA, Hütter M. Microscopic Carriers of Plasticity in Glassy Polystyrene. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy H. M. Mols
- Polymer Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute PO Box 902 Eindhoven 5600 AX The Netherlands
| | - Georgios G. Vogiatzis
- Dutch Polymer Institute PO Box 902 Eindhoven 5600 AX The Netherlands
- School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus Athens GR‐15780 Greece
| | - Lambèrt C. A. van Breemen
- Polymer Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Markus Hütter
- Polymer Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
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44
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Kinugawa K, Takemoto A. Quantum polyamorphism in compressed distinguishable helium-4. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224503. [PMID: 34241222 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that two amorphous solid states can exist in 4He consisting of distinguishable Boltzmann atoms under compressed conditions. The isothermal compression of normal or supercritical fluid 4He was conducted at 3-25 K using the isobaric-isothermal path integral centroid molecular dynamics simulation. The compression of fluid first produced the low-dispersion amorphous (LDA) state possessing modest extension of atomic necklaces. Further isothermal compression up to the order of 10 kbar to 1 Mbar or an isobaric cooling of LDA induced the transition to the high-dispersion amorphous (HDA) state. The HDA was characterized by long quantum wavelengths of atoms extended over several Angstroms and the promotion of atomic residual diffusion. They were related to the quantum tunneling of atoms bestriding the potential saddle points in this glass. The change in pressure or temperature induced the LDA-HDA transition reversibly with hysteresis, while it resembled the coil-globule transition of classical polymers. The HDA had lower kinetic and higher Gibbs free energies than the LDA at close temperature. The HDA was absent at T ≥ 13 K, while the LDA-HDA transition pressure significantly decreased with lowering temperature. The LDA and HDA correspond to the trapped and tunneling regimes proposed by Markland et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 074511 (2012)], respectively. The same reentrant behavior as they found was observed for the expansion factor of the quantum wavelength as well as for atomic diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kinugawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ayumi Takemoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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45
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Demmel F, Hennet L, Jakse N. The intimate relationship between structural relaxation and the energy landscape of monatomic liquid metals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11815. [PMID: 34083591 PMCID: PMC8175717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristic property of a liquid, discriminating it from a solid, is its fluidity, which can be expressed by a velocity field. The reaction of the velocity field on forces is enshrined in the transport parameter viscosity. In contrast, a solid reacts to forces elastically through a displacement field, the particles are trapped in their potential minimum. The flow in a liquid needs enough thermal energy to overcome the changing potential barriers, which is supported through a continuous rearrangement of surrounding particles. Cooling a liquid will decrease the fluidity of a particle and the mobility of the neighbouring particles, resulting in an increase of the viscosity until the system comes to an arrest. This process with a concomitant slowing down of collective particle rearrangements might already start deep inside the liquid state. The idea of the potential energy landscape provides an attractive picture for these dramatic changes. However, despite the appealing idea there is a scarcity of quantitative assessments, in particular, when it comes to experimental studies. Here we present results on a monatomic liquid metal through a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics, neutron spectroscopy and inelastic x-ray scattering. We investigated the collective dynamics of liquid aluminium to reveal the changes in dynamics when the high temperature liquid is cooled towards solidification. The results demonstrate the main signatures of the energy landscape picture, a reduction in the internal atomic structural energy, a transition to a stretched relaxation process and a deviation from the high-temperature Arrhenius behavior of the relaxation time. All changes occur in the same temperature range at about [Formula: see text], which can be regarded as the temperature when the liquid aluminium enters the landscape influenced phase and enters a more viscous liquid state towards solidification. The similarity in dynamics with other monatomic liquid metals suggests a universal dynamic crossover above the melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Demmel
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Louis Hennet
- ICMN, CNRS and University of Orleans, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Noel Jakse
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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46
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Goswami A, Dalal IS, Singh JK. Universal Nucleation Behavior of Sheared Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:195702. [PMID: 34047572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.195702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular simulations and a modified classical nucleation theory, we study the nucleation, under flow, of a variety of liquids: different water models, Lennard-Jones, and hard sphere colloids. Our approach enables us to analyze a wide range of shear rates inaccessible to brute-force simulations. Our results reveal that the variation of the nucleation rate with shear is universal. A simplified version of the theory successfully captures the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the nucleation behavior, which is shown to originate from the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Indranil Saha Dalal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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47
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Liu Y, Sun G, Xu L. Glass polyamorphism in gallium: Two amorphous solid states and their transformation on the potential energy landscape. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134503. [PMID: 33832248 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the potential energy landscape (PEL) formalism and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate a phase transformation between two amorphous solid states of gallium, namely, a low-density amorphous solid (LDA) and a high-density amorphous solid (HDA), and compare with its equilibrium counterpart, the liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT). It is found that on the PEL, the signatures of the out-of-equilibrium LDA-HDA transition are reminiscent of those of the equilibrium LLPT in terms of pressure, inherent structure pressure, inherent structure energy, and shape function, indicating that the LDA-HDA transformation is a first-order-like transition. However, differences are also found between the out-of-equilibrium phase transition and the equilibrium one, for example, the path from LDA to HDA on the PEL cannot be accessed by the path from LDL to HDL. Our results also suggest that the signatures of the out-of-equilibrium transition in gallium are rather general features of systems with an accessible LLPT-not only systems with pairwise interactions but also those with many-body interactions. This finding is of crucial importance for obtaining a deeper understanding of the nature of transitions in the polyamorphic family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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48
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Structural relaxation and crystallization in supercooled water from 170 to 260 K. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022884118. [PMID: 33790015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022884118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of water's anomalous properties has been debated for decades. Resolution of the problem is hindered by a lack of experimental data in a crucial region of temperatures, T, and pressures where supercooled water rapidly crystallizes-a region often referred to as "no man's land." A recently developed technique where water is heated and cooled at rates greater than 109 K/s now enables experiments in this region. Here, it is used to investigate the structural relaxation and crystallization of deeply supercooled water for 170 K < T < 260 K. Water's relaxation toward a new equilibrium structure depends on its initial structure with hyperquenched glassy water (HQW) typically relaxing more quickly than low-density amorphous solid water (LDA). For HQW and T > 230 K, simple exponential relaxation kinetics is observed. For HQW at lower temperatures, increasingly nonexponential relaxation is observed, which is consistent with the dynamics expected on a rough potential energy landscape. For LDA, approximately exponential relaxation is observed for T > 230 K and T < 200 K, with nonexponential relaxation only at intermediate temperatures. At all temperatures, water's structure can be reproduced by a linear combination of two, local structural motifs, and we show that a simple model accounts for the complex kinetics within this context. The relaxation time, τ rel , is always shorter than the crystallization time, τ xtal For HQW, the ratio, τ xtal /τ rel , goes through a minimum at ∼198 K where the ratio is about 60.
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Investigation of the Structural Heterogeneity and Corrosion Performance of the Annealed Fe-Based Metallic Glasses. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040929. [PMID: 33669234 PMCID: PMC7919831 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the structural heterogeneity, mechanical property, electrochemical behavior, and passive film characteristics of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-C-B-Y metallic glasses (MGs), which were modified through annealing at different temperatures. Results showed that annealing MGs below the glass transition temperature enhanced corrosion resistance in HCl solution owing to a highly protective passive film formed, originating from the decreased free volume and the shrinkage of the first coordination shell, which was found by pair distribution function analysis. In contrast, the enlarged first coordination shell and nanoscale crystal-like clusters were identified for MGs annealed in the supercooled liquid region, which led to a destabilized passive film and thereby deteriorated corrosion resistance. This finding reveals the crucial role of structural heterogeneity in tuning the corrosion performance of MGs.
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Ge T, Wei Z, Zheng X, Xu Q. CO 2-Assisted Synthesis of 2D Amorphous MoO 3-x Nanosheets: From Top-Down to Bottom-Up. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1554-1559. [PMID: 33534582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical CO2 has shown great potential in the top-down fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) amorphous nanomaterials. However, a few works focus on the SC CO2-assisted synthesis of 2D amorphous nanomaterials by a bottom-up approach. Here we report the facile bottom-up synthesis of 2D amorphous MoO3-x nanosheets, using SC CO2 as a surface confining agent. Moreover, the morphology of the MoO3-x can be tailored by simply adjusting the pressure of the SC CO2. The as-prepared 2D amorphous MoO3-x nanosheets exhibit enhanced surface plasma resonance in the visible and near-infrared regions, showing outstanding photothermal conversion performance. This work constructs a new approach for the preparation of 2D amorphous nanosheets, throwing light on the amorphization mechanism of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpei Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobo Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
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