1
|
Kudaravalli S, den Hollander P, Mani SA. Role of p38 MAP kinase in cancer stem cells and metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:3177-3185. [PMID: 35501462 PMCID: PMC9166676 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance and metastatic progression are responsible for the majority of cancer mortalities. In particular, the development of resistance is a significant barrier to the efficacy of cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) underlie treatment resistance and metastasis. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) is downstream of several CSC-specific signaling pathways, and it plays an important role in CSC development and maintenance and contributes to metastasis and chemoresistance. Therefore, the development of therapeutic approaches targeting p38 can sensitize tumors to chemotherapy and prevent metastatic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Kudaravalli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stress Relief Techniques: p38 MAPK Determines the Balance of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101444. [PMID: 34680077 PMCID: PMC8533283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein signaling networks are formed from diverse and inter-connected cell signaling pathways converging into webs of function and regulation. These signaling pathways both receive and conduct molecular messages, often by a series of post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation or through protein-protein interactions via intrinsic motifs. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of kinase cascades that transmit signals through phosphorylation. There are several MAPK subfamilies, and one subfamily is the stress-activated protein kinases, which in mammals is the p38 family. The p38 enzymes mediate a variety of cellular outcomes including DNA repair, cell survival/cell fate decisions, and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle is itself a signaling system that precisely controls DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cellular division. Another indispensable cell function influenced by the p38 stress response is programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the regulators of cell survival, the BCL2 family of proteins and their dynamics are exquisitely sensitive to cell stress. The BCL2 family forms a protein-protein interaction network divided into anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, and the balance of binding between these two sides determines cell survival. Here, we discuss the intersections among the p38 MAPK, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schisanhenol improves early porcine embryo development by regulating the phosphorylation level of MAPK. Theriogenology 2021; 175:34-43. [PMID: 34481228 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schisanhenol (SAL), a biphenyl cyclooctene-type lignin compound which can be extracted and isolated from many plants of the Schisandra family, exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti chronic cough, night sweating, thirst, diabetes, and obesity. However, its effects on the female reproductive system are unclear. Previous studies showed that SAL had potential antioxidant activity in heart, liver, and brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that SAL could improve porcine early development by reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SAL on preimplantation porcine embryos and the potential mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the effects of SAL on embryo quality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial function, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the activation of MAPK pathway. The results showed that 10 μM SAL significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate, proliferation ability, and mitochondrial activity while reducing ROS accumulation and apoptosis level. During this process, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3, and p38 were decreased. In summary, 10 μM SAL improves porcine preimplantation embryo development by reducing ROS accumulation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Natani S, Dhople VM, Parveen A, Sruthi KK, Khilar P, Bhukya S, Ummanni R. AMPK/SIRT1 signaling through p38MAPK mediates Interleukin-6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119085. [PMID: 34171447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC), correlated with therapeutic resistance. Interleukin (IL)-6 promotes proliferation and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of androgen dependent LNCaP cells. We treated LNCaP cells with IL-6 and observed for in vitro NED of cells and also expression of NE markers βIII tubulin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (ChA). Here we investigated the proteins and/or pathways involved in NED of LNCaP cells induced by IL-6 and characterized their role in NED of PCa cells. We found that the altered proteins modulated AMPK signaling pathway in NE cells. Remarkably, IL-6 induces NED of LNCaP cells through activation of AMPK and SIRT1 and also both of these are co-regulated while playing a predominant role in NED of LNCaP cells. Of the few requirements of AMPK-SIRT1 activation, increased eNOS is essential for NED by elevating Nitric oxide (NO) levels. Pleiotropic effects of NO ultimately regulate p38MAPK in IL-6 induced NED. Hence, IL-6 induced AMPK-SIRT1 activation eventually transfers its activation signals through p38MAPK for advancing NED of LNCaP cells. Moreover, inactivation of p38MAPK with specific inhibitor (SB203580) attenuated IL-6 induced NED of LNCaP cells. Therefore, IL-6 promotes NED of PCa cells via AMPK/SIRT1/p38MAPK signaling. Finally, targeting AMPK-SIRT1 or p38MAPK in androgen independent PC3 cells with neuroendocrine features reversed their neuroendocrine characteristics. Taken together these novel findings reveal that targeting p38MAPK mitigated NED of PCa cells, and thus it can be a favorable target to overcome progression of NEPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Natani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishnu M Dhople
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Asha Parveen
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K K Sruthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Khilar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Supriya Bhukya
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aquino Perez C, Burocziova M, Jenikova G, Macurek L. CK1-mediated phosphorylation of FAM110A promotes its interaction with mitotic spindle and controls chromosomal alignment. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51847. [PMID: 34080749 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases that control gene expression, orchestration of mitotic spindle, and cell division. To identify new regulators of the cell cycle, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human non-transformed cells expressing a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator and identified 701 transcripts differentially expressed in G1 and G2 cells. Family with sequence similarity 110 member A (FAM110A) protein is highly expressed in G2 cells and localized at mitotic spindle and spindle poles during mitosis. Depletion of FAM110A impairs chromosomal alignment, delays metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and affects spindle positioning. Using mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation, we identified casein kinase I (CK1) in complex with FAM110A during mitosis. CK1 phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of FAM110A in vitro, and inhibition of CK1 reduces phosphorylation of mitotic FAM110A. Wild-type FAM110A, but not the FAM110A-S252-S255A mutant deficient in CK1 phosphorylation, rescues the chromosomal alignment, duration of mitosis, and orientation of the mitotic spindle after depletion of endogenous FAM110A. We propose that CK1 regulates chromosomal alignment by phosphorylating FAM110A and promoting its interaction with mitotic spindle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Aquino Perez
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Jenikova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Ecological fitness is the ability of individuals in a population to survive and reproduce. Individuals with increased fitness are better equipped to withstand the selective pressures of their environments. This paradigm pertains to all organismal life as we know it; however, it is also becoming increasingly clear that within multicellular organisms exist highly complex, competitive, and cooperative populations of cells under many of the same ecological and evolutionary constraints as populations of individuals in nature. In this review I discuss the parallels between populations of cancer cells and populations of individuals in the wild, highlighting how individuals in either context are constrained by their environments to converge on a small number of critical phenotypes to ensure survival and future reproductive success. I argue that the hallmarks of cancer can be distilled into key phenotypes necessary for cancer cell fitness: survival and reproduction. I posit that for therapeutic strategies to be maximally beneficial, they should seek to subvert these ecologically driven phenotypic responses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pancione M, Cerulo L, Remo A, Giordano G, Gutierrez-Uzquiza Á, Bragado P, Porras A. Centrosome Dynamics and Its Role in Inflammatory Response and Metastatic Process. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050629. [PMID: 33922633 PMCID: PMC8146599 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells escape from the location of the primary tumor invading normal tissues at distant organs. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of human cancer, associated with metastasis and therapeutic resistance. The centrosome plays a major role in organizing the microtubule cytoskeleton in animal cells regulating cellular architecture and cell division. Loss of centrosome integrity activates the p38-p53-p21 pathway, which results in cell-cycle arrest or senescence and acts as a cell-cycle checkpoint pathway. Structural and numerical centrosome abnormalities can lead to aneuploidy and CIN. New findings derived from studies on cancer and rare genetic disorders suggest that centrosome dysfunction alters the cellular microenvironment through Rho GTPases, p38, and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal Kinase)-dependent signaling in a way that is favorable for pro-invasive secretory phenotypes and aneuploidy tolerance. We here review recent data on how centrosomes act as complex molecular platforms for Rho GTPases and p38 MAPK (Mitogen activated kinase) signaling at the crossroads of CIN, cytoskeleton remodeling, and immune evasion via both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0824305116
| | - Luigi Cerulo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital AULSS9, “Scaligera”, 37122 Verona, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Department of Medical Oncology Unit, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Álvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-U.); (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-U.); (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-U.); (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han J, Wu J, Silke J. An overview of mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, central regulators of cell stress and receptor signaling. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32612808 PMCID: PMC7324945 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22092.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 family is a highly evolutionarily conserved group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that is involved in and helps co-ordinate cellular responses to nearly all stressful stimuli. This review provides a succinct summary of multiple aspects of the biology, role, and substrates of the mammalian family of p38 kinases. Since p38 activity is implicated in inflammatory and other diseases, we also discuss the clinical implications and pharmaceutical approaches to inhibit p38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pei XD, He SQ, Shen LQ, Wei JC, Li XS, Wei YY, Zhang YM, Wang XY, Lin F, He ZL, Jiang LH. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation and migration through p38MAPK pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1165-1175. [PMID: 32419149 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) is commonly distributed in the Southeast Asia and Indo China, which has been shown to possess antianxiety, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and antioxidant biological activities. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone is a diterpene isolated from E. longifolia Jack, which is cytotoxic against human lung cancer and human breast cancer cell lines. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone on hepatocellular carcinoma remain unknown. METHODS Cell viability assay and colony formation assay were used to measure HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle and apoptosis. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to observe cells migration. RNA sequencing and the enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to find and determine underlying pathways. KEY FINDINGS We found that 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibited the growth and migration of HepG2 cells but did not induce cell apoptosis. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone induced S cell cycle arrest by downregulating the expression levels of cyclin A, p-CDK2, cyclin B1, p21, E2F-1 and PCNA. In addition, RNA sequencing showed that 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone regulated MAPK pathway by increasing the expression levels of phosphor-p38. Downregulating of p38 via both p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and p38-siRNA could antagonize the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and reverse the changes in p-p38, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and PCNA expression induced by 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone treatment. CONCLUSIONS 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibited cell proliferation and migration through regulating p38 MAPK pathway in HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Pei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Song-Qing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Qun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Long He
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-He Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yasukawa M, Ando Y, Yamashita T, Matsuda Y, Shoji S, Morioka MS, Kawaji H, Shiozawa K, Machitani M, Abe T, Yamada S, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Furuta Y, Kondo T, Shirouzu M, Hayashizaki Y, Kaneko S, Masutomi K. CDK1 dependent phosphorylation of hTERT contributes to cancer progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1557. [PMID: 32214089 PMCID: PMC7096428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomerase reverse transcriptase is upregulated in the majority of human cancers and contributes directly to cell transformation. Here we report that hTERT is phosphorylated at threonine 249 during mitosis by the serine/threonine kinase CDK1. Clinicopathological analyses reveal that phosphorylation of hTERT at threonine 249 occurs more frequently in aggressive cancers. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we introduce substitution mutations at threonine 249 in the endogenous hTERT locus and find that phosphorylation of threonine 249 is necessary for hTERT-mediated RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity but dispensable for reverse transcriptase and terminal transferase activities. Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) demonstrates that hTERT phosphorylation at 249 regulates the expression of specific genes that are necessary for cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. These observations indicate that phosphorylation at threonine 249 regulates hTERT RdRP and contributes to cancer progression in a telomere independent manner. Regulated telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) activity is common in human tumors. Here, the authors show that hTERT is phosphorylated by CDK1 and that this event is necessary for hTERT-mediated RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity but not for reverse transcriptase and terminal transferase activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yasukawa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Ando
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shisako Shoji
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaki Suimye Morioka
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kumiko Shiozawa
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majumdar S, Rinaldi JC, Malhotra NR, Xie L, Hu DP, Gauntner TD, Grewal HS, Hu WY, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Kasper S, Prins GS. Differential Actions of Estrogen Receptor α and β via Nongenomic Signaling in Human Prostate Stem and Progenitor Cells. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2692-2708. [PMID: 31433456 PMCID: PMC6804489 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate stem and progenitor cells express estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ and exhibit proliferative responses to estrogens. In this study, membrane-initiated estrogen signaling was interrogated in human prostate stem/progenitor cells enriched from primary epithelial cultures and stem-like cell lines from benign and cancerous prostates. Subcellular fractionation and proximity ligation assays localized ERα and ERβ to the cell membrane with caveolin-1 interactions. Exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) for 15 to 60 minutes led to sequential phosphorylation of signaling molecules in MAPK and AKT pathways, IGF1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and ERα, thus documenting an intact membrane signalosome that activates diverse downstream cascades. Treatment with an E2-dendrimer conjugate or ICI 182,870 validated E2-mediated actions through membrane ERs. Overexpression and knockdown of ERα or ERβ in stem/progenitor cells identified pathway selectivity; ERα preferentially activated AKT, whereas ERβ selectively activated MAPK cascades. Furthermore, prostate cancer stem-like cells expressed only ERβ, and brief E2 exposure activated MAPK but not AKT cascades. A gene subset selectively regulated by nongenomic E2 signaling was identified in normal prostate progenitor cells that includes BGN, FOSB, FOXQ1, and MAF. Membrane-initiated E2 signaling rapidly modified histone methyltransferases, with MLL1 cleavage observed downstream of phosphorylated AKT and EZH2 phosphorylation downstream of MAPK signaling, which may jointly modify histones to permit rapid gene transcription. Taken together, the present findings document ERα and ERβ membrane-initiated signaling in normal and cancerous human prostate stem/progenitor cells with differential engagement of downstream effectors. These signaling pathways influence normal prostate stem/progenitor cell homeostasis and provide novel therapeutic sites to target the elusive prostate cancer stem cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Majumdar
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Neha R Malhotra
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lishi Xie
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dan-Ping Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy D Gauntner
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harinder S Grewal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Susan Kasper
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Simões-Sousa S, Littler S, Thompson SL, Minshall P, Whalley H, Bakker B, Belkot K, Moralli D, Bronder D, Tighe A, Spierings DCJ, Bah N, Graham J, Nelson L, Green CM, Foijer F, Townsend PA, Taylor SS. The p38α Stress Kinase Suppresses Aneuploidy Tolerance by Inhibiting Hif-1α. Cell Rep 2018; 25:749-760.e6. [PMID: 30332653 PMCID: PMC6205844 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deviating from the normal karyotype dramatically changes gene dosage, in turn decreasing the robustness of biological networks. Consequently, aneuploidy is poorly tolerated by normal somatic cells and acts as a barrier to transformation. Paradoxically, however, karyotype heterogeneity drives tumor evolution and the emergence of therapeutic drug resistance. To better understand how cancer cells tolerate aneuploidy, we focused on the p38 stress response kinase. We show here that p38-deficient cells upregulate glycolysis and avoid post-mitotic apoptosis, leading to the emergence of aneuploid subclones. We also show that p38 deficiency upregulates the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor Hif-1α and that inhibiting Hif-1α restores apoptosis in p38-deficent cells. Because hypoxia and aneuploidy are both barriers to tumor progression, the ability of Hif-1α to promote cell survival following chromosome missegregation raises the possibility that aneuploidy tolerance coevolves with adaptation to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Simões-Sousa
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Sarah L Thompson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Paul Minshall
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Helen Whalley
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Belkot
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel Bronder
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Joshua Graham
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zong W, Wang Q, Zhang S, Teng Y, Du Y. Regulation on the toxicity of microcystin-LR target to protein phosphatase 1 by biotransformation pathway: effectiveness and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26020-26029. [PMID: 29968216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation was an important pathway to regulate the toxicity of microcystins (MCs) targeted to protein phosphatases (PPs). To explore the regulation effectiveness and mechanism, several typical biothiol transformation products originated from MCLR were prepared by nucleophilic addition reaction. The reduced inhibition effect of MCLR transformation products on PP1 was evaluated and compared with their original toxin. Though molecular simulation showed the introduced biothiols enhanced the total combination areas and energies for target complexes, the steric hindrance of introduced biothiols inhibited the combination between the key action sites (Mdha7 and Adda5 residues) and PP1. Furthermore, the introduced biothiols also weakened the hydrogen bonds for some key interaction sites and altered the ion bonds between PP1 and the two Mn2+ ions in the catalytic center. The discrepant regulation effect for biothiols on the toxicity of MCLR was closely related to above indexes and influenced by molecular sides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Teng
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Du
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uetake Y, Sluder G. Activation of the apoptotic pathway during prolonged prometaphase blocks daughter cell proliferation. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2632-2643. [PMID: 30133342 PMCID: PMC6249836 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When untransformed human cells spend >1.5 h in prometaphase under standard culture conditions, all daughters arrest in G1 despite normal division of their mothers. We investigate what happens during prolonged prometaphase that leads to daughter cell arrest in the absence of DNA damage. We find that progressive loss of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 activity and oxidative stress act in concert to partially activate the apoptosis pathway, resulting in the delayed death of some daughters and senescence for the rest. At physiological oxygen levels, longer prometaphase durations are needed for all daughters to arrest. Partial activation of apoptosis during prolonged prometaphase leads to persistent caspase activity, which activates the kinase cascade mediating the post–mitotic activation of p38. This in turn activates p53, and the consequent expression of p21stops the cell cycle. This mechanism can prevent cells suffering intractable mitotic defects, which modestly prolong mitosis but allow its completion without DNA damage, from producing future cell generations that are susceptible to the evolution of a transformed phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Uetake
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Greenfield Sluder
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning D, Jin M, Xv T, Sun J, Li M. Homoisoflavanone-1 isolated from Polygonatum odoratum arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3545-3554. [PMID: 30127960 PMCID: PMC6096101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoisoflavanone-1 is a natural compound that may be extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Polygonatum odoratum, which has pronounced antioxidant activities. The present study reports that homoisoflavanone-1 significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and induced apoptosis in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Homoisoflavanone-1 arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M stage, which was associated with an increase in the accumulation of phosphorylated (p-)p38, p38, p53, and p-cyclin dependent kinase (Cdc)2 proteins, as well as a decrease in Cdc2 expression. In addition, treatment with homoisoflavanone-1 increased the levels of active caspase-3 and decreased Poly ADP-ribose polymerase, which was accompanied by a reduction in the B-cell lymphoma-2/Bak ratio and consequently, apoptosis. Furthermore, homoisoflavanone-1 increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, including PERK, ATF4 and GADD34 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, homoisoflavanone-1 induced apoptosis in A549 cells by regulating the mitochondria-caspase-dependent and ER stress pathways and resulted in G2/M arrest by activating the p38/p53 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that homoisoflavanone-1 extracted from Polygonatum odoratum may function as a cancer-suppressing agent and has potential as a novel therapeutic method against NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deli Ning
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jikai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xia P, He H, Kristine MS, Guan W, Gao J, Wang Z, Hu J, Han L, Li J, Han W, Yu Y. Therapeutic effects of recombinant human S100A6 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE) on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:86-93. [PMID: 29800549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological process in which extracellular matrix excessively aggregates in an injured liver. Research on hepatic fibrosis is expanding, however, much information in this process is still unclear. Here, we examined the gene expression changes within the process of liver fibrosis, providing the first evidence that secreted S100A6 is a critical contributor. We discovered that expression of the S100 family is highly correlated with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and post self-recovery in mice. Recombinant human S100A6 (rhS100A6) introduced to CCl4-induced mice was found to enhance liver fibrosis through the promotion of activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation. More importantly, we showed that rhS100A6 can induce cell cycle transition from S to G2 stage and significantly elevate the level of ERK phosphorylation in the MARK pathway. In contrast to rhS100A6, recombinant human and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a natural antagonist of the S100/RAGE pathway, was found to have a preventative effect on liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced mice. In conclusion, our study supports that S100A6 could be a novel therapeutic in liver fibrosis and its receptor antagonist, sRAGE, proofed to be effective for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, PBS 323, 205 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - Honglin He
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Modrak Samantha Kristine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, PBS 323, 205 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - Wen Guan
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gao
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olsen CE, Weyergang A, Edwards VT, Berg K, Brech A, Weisheit S, Høgset A, Selbo PK. Development of resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human breast cancer cells is photosensitizer-dependent: Possible mechanisms and approaches for overcoming PDT-resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Uski O, Torvela T, Sippula O, Karhunen T, Koponen H, Peräniemi S, Jalava P, Happo M, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR, Lähde A. In vitro toxicological effects of zinc containing nanoparticles with different physico-chemical properties. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Kang N, Jian JF, Cao SJ, Zhang Q, Mao YW, Huang YY, Peng YF, Qiu F, Gao XM. Physalin A induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: involvement of the p38 MAPK/ROS pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:145-55. [PMID: 27000859 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physalin A (PA) is an active withanolide isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine named Jindenglong, which has long been used for the treatment of sore throat, hepatitis, and tumors in China. In the present study, we firstly investigated the effects of PA on proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell line, and the potential mechanisms involved. Here, PA inhibited cell growth in dose- and time-dependent manners. Treatment of A549 cells with 28.4 μM PA for 24 h resulted in approximately 50 % cell death. PA increased the amount of intracellular ROS and the proportion of cells in G2/M. G2/M arrest was attenuated by the addition of ROS scavenger NAC. ERK and P38 were triggered by PA through phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of ERK and P38 were not attenuated by the addition of NAC, but the use of the p38 inhibitor could reduce, at least in part, PA-induced ROS and the proportion of cells in G2/M. PA induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in A549 cells involving in the p38 MAPK/ROS pathway. This study suggests that PA might be a promising therapeutic agent against NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Jian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gururaj S, Fleites J, Bhattacharjee A. Slack sodium-activated potassium channel membrane expression requires p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Neuropharmacology 2015; 103:279-89. [PMID: 26721627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
p38 MAPK has long been understood as an inducible kinase under conditions of cellular stress, but there is now increasing evidence to support its role in the regulation of neuronal function. Several phosphorylation targets have been identified, an appreciable number of which are ion channels, implicating the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in neuronal excitability. The KNa channel Slack is an important protein to be studied as it is highly and ubiquitously expressed in DRG neurons and is important in the maintenance of their firing accommodation. We sought to examine if the Slack channel could be a substrate of p38 MAPK activity. First, we found that the Slack C-terminus contains two putative p38 MAPK phosphorylation sites that are highly conserved across species. Second, we show via electrophysiology experiments that KNa currents and further, Slack currents, are subject to tonic modulation by p38 MAPK. Third, biochemical approaches revealed that Slack channel regulation by p38 MAPK occurs through direct phosphorylation at the two putative sites of interaction, and mutating both sites prevented surface expression of Slack channels. Based on these results, we conclude that p38 MAPK is an obligate regulator of Slack channel function via the trafficking of channels into the membrane. The present study identifies Slack KNa channels as p38 MAPK substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Gururaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - John Fleites
- Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Arin Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA; Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ustyugov A, Shevtsova E, Bachurin S. Novel Sites of Neuroprotective Action of Dimebon (Latrepirdine). Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:970-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
22
|
Koeberle A, Pergola C, Shindou H, Koeberle SC, Shimizu T, Laufer SA, Werz O. Role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in linking stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 activity with endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. FASEB J 2015; 29:2439-49. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Institute of PharmacyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Institute of PharmacyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical InstituteUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of PharmacyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rizzardi LF, Coleman KE, Varma D, Matson JP, Oh S, Cook JG. CDK1-dependent inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4CDT2 ensures robust transition from S Phase to Mitosis. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:556-67. [PMID: 25411249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication-coupled destruction of a cohort of cell cycle proteins ensures efficient and precise genome duplication. Three proteins destroyed during replication via the CRL4(CDT2) ubiquitin E3 ligase, CDT1, p21, and SET8 (PR-SET7), are also essential or important during mitosis, making their reaccumulation after S phase a critical cell cycle event. During early and mid-S phase and during DNA repair, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) loading onto DNA (PCNA(DNA)) triggers the interaction between CRL4(CDT2) and its substrates, resulting in their degradation. We have discovered that, beginning in late S phase, PCNA(DNA) is no longer sufficient to trigger CRL4(CDT2)-mediated degradation. A CDK1-dependent mechanism that blocks CRL4(CDT2) activity by interfering with CDT2 recruitment to chromatin actively protects CRL4(CDT2) substrates. We postulate that deliberate override of replication-coupled destruction allows anticipatory accumulation in late S phase. We further show that (as for CDT1) de novo SET8 reaccumulation is important for normal mitotic progression. In this manner, CDK1-dependent CRL4(CDT2) inactivation contributes to efficient transition from S phase to mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate E Coleman
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology and
| | - Dileep Varma
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jacob P Matson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Seeun Oh
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li L, Zheng BB, Ma LS, Sun X, Chang JJ, Xie WD, Li X. Telekin suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by inducing G2/M phase arrest via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1311-22. [PMID: 25176399 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Telekin, isolated from the Chinese herb Carpesium divaricatum, has shown anti-proliferation effects against various cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferation mechanisms of telekin in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with telekin. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle profiles, ROS level and apoptosis. The protein expression levels were analyzed with Western blotting. RESULTS Telekin (3.75-30 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells and induced l apoptosis. Furthermore, the treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, accompanied by significantly increased the phosphorylation of Cdc25A and Cdc2, and decreased Cyclin B1 level. Moreover, the treatment significantly stimulated ROS production, and increased the phosphorylation of p38 and MAPKAPK-2 in the cells. Pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC (2.5, 5, and 10 mmol/L), or the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (2.5 and 5 μmol/L) dose-dependently attenuated these telekin-induced effects in the cells. CONCLUSION Telekin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by inducing G2/M phase arrest via activating the p38 MAPK pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:352371. [PMID: 24771982 PMCID: PMC3977509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defensive process that is largely regulated by macrophages during the innate immune response. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are proline-directed serine and threonine protein kinases that regulate many physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of p38 signaling in macrophage-mediated inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of using inhibitors targeting p38 expression in macrophages to treat inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou L, Cai X, Han X, Xu N, Chang DC. CDK1 switches mitotic arrest to apoptosis by phosphorylating Bcl-2/Bax family proteins during treatment with microtubule interfering agents. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:737-46. [PMID: 24677263 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Naihan Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Donald C. Chang
- Division of Life Science; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Beauchemin M, Bertrand R. Phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) influences spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1313-26. [PMID: 24621501 PMCID: PMC4014433 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of a series of phosphorylation mutants reveals that Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) influences cell entry into anaphase and mitotic exit in taxol-exposed cells compared with cells expressing wild-type Bcl-xL or a series of other phosphorylation mutants, an effect that appears to be independent of its anti-apoptotic activity. During normal mitosis progression, Bcl-xL(Ser62) is strongly phosphorylated by PLK1 and MAPK14/SAPKp38α at the prometaphase, metaphase, and the anaphase boundaries, while it is de-phosphorylated at telophase and cytokinesis. Phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) localizes in centrosomes with γ-tubulin and in the mitotic cytosol with some spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling components, including PLK1, BubR1, and Mad2. In taxol- and nocodazole-exposed cells, phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) also binds to Cdc20- Mad2-, BubR1-, and Bub3-bound complexes, while Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) does not. Silencing Bcl-xL expression and expressing the phosphorylation mutant Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) lead to an increased number of cells harboring mitotic spindle defects including multipolar spindle, chromosome lagging and bridging, aneuploidy with micro-, bi-, or multi-nucleated cells, and cells that fail to resolve undergo mitosis within 6 h. Together, the data indicate that during mitosis, Bcl-xL(Ser62) phosphorylation impacts on spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, influencing chromosome stability. Observations of mitotic cells harboring aneuploidy with micro-, bi-, or multi-nucleated cells, and cells that fail to resolve undergo mitosis within 6 h were also made with cells expressing the phosphorylation mutant Bcl-xL(Ser49Ala) and dual mutant Bcl-xL(Ser49/62Ala).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- Centre de recherche; Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Myriam Beauchemin
- Centre de recherche; Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Bertrand
- Centre de recherche; Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine; Université de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of unscheduled cell division and many anticancer drugs target the cell cycle to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. We conducted a screen for new anticancer drugs that induce cell cycle arrest using a small compound library. From this screen, we identified 2-(3-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-4-(3,4-dioxybenzene) thiazole (MTBT), which causes accumulation of cancer cells with 4N DNA content and inhibits colony formation of several cancer cell lines. We further showed that the treatment of cancer cells with this compound for a longer time period leads to apoptosis, as indicated by the presence of cells with a sub-G1 peak and the appearance apoptotic markers. The increased phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 in MTBT-treated cancer cells suggests cell cycle arrest in the M-phase. Strikingly, MTBT-induced cell cycle arrest and enhanced H3 (Ser10) phosphorylation are abrogated by the pretreatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. Moreover, treatment of cancer cells with MTBT induces the phosphorylation of p38, indicative of p38 activation. Together, we have identified a new compound that inhibits cancer cell proliferation, which is likely a consequence of p38 activation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Avivar-Valderas A, Wen HC, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. Stress signaling and the shaping of the mammary tissue in development and cancer. Oncogene 2014; 33:5483-90. [PMID: 24413078 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The postnatal mammary gland develops extensively through cycles of proliferation, branching, involution and remodeling. We review recent advances made in the field of stress signaling pathways and its roles in mammary gland organogenesis, how they contribute to normal organ specification and homeostasis and how its subversion by oncogenes leads to cancer. We analyze stress signaling in mammary gland biology taking into account the interrelationship with the extracellular matrix and adhesion signaling during morphogenesis. By integrating the information gathered from in vivo and three dimensional in vitro organogenesis studies, we review the novel contribution of p38(SAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathways to the timely activation of cell death, correct establishment of polarity and growth arrest and autophagy, respectively. We also review the evidence supporting that the activation of the aforementioned stress kinases maintain breast acinar structures as part of a tumor suppressive program and that its deregulation is commonplace during breast cancer initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Avivar-Valderas
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA [3] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - H C Wen
- 1] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Aguirre-Ghiso
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA [3] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA [4] Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mailhes JB, Marchetti F. Advances in understanding the genetic causes and mechanisms of female germ cell aneuploidy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
31
|
Ghosh SK, McCormick TS, Eapen BL, Yohannes E, Chance MR, Weinberg A. Comparison of epigenetic profiles of human oral epithelial cells from HIV-positive (on HAART) and HIV-negative subjects. Epigenetics 2013; 8:703-9. [PMID: 23804146 PMCID: PMC3781189 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are susceptible to comorbid microbial infections in the oral cavity. We observed that primary oral epithelial cells (POECs) isolated from HIV+ subjects on HAART grow more slowly and are less innate immune responsive to microbial challenge when compared with POECs from normal subjects. These aberrant cells also demonstrate epigenetic differences that include reduction in histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC-1) levels and reduced total DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity specific to enzymes DNMT1 and DNMT3A. The DNMT activity correlates well with global DNA methylation, indicating that aberrant DNMT activity in HIV+ (on HAART) POECs leads to an aberrantly methylated epithelial cell phenotype. Overall, our results lead us to hypothesize that, in patients with chronic HIV infection on HAART, epigenetic changes in key genes result in increased vulnerability to microbial infection in the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang CY, Liu LN, Zhao ZB. The role of ROS toxicity in spontaneous aneuploidy in cultured cells. Tissue Cell 2012; 45:47-53. [PMID: 23107981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the karyotype of animal cells cultured in vitro tends to become aneuploid as the culture ages. Aneuploidy can cause genetic instability, alter the biological properties of cells, and affect their application in genetic studies and cell engineering. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of aneuploidy is primary to control its occurrence in cultured cells, and is also helpful to understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis because aneuploidy is a hallmark of tumor cells. This review underscores the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity in spontaneous aneuploidy of cultured cells. The underlying mechanisms and possible sources of ROS are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xie G, Chen N, Soromou LW, Liu F, Xiong Y, Wu Q, Li H, Feng H, Liu G. p-Cymene protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammatory cell activation. Molecules 2012; 17:8159-73. [PMID: 22772811 PMCID: PMC6268614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that p-cymene can attenuate acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. In the mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, intraperitoneal preconditioning with p-cymene resulted in a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), lung water gain, inflammatory cell infiltration, lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, p-cymene blocked the phosphorylation of IκBα protein and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway activation. Histopathologic examination of lung tissue indicated that p-cymene treatment markedly decreased focal thickening, congestion, pulmonary edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration. The results showed that p-cymene had a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haihua Feng
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (H.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Guowen Liu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (H.F.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ito M, Imai M, Muraki M, Miyado K, Qin J, Kyuwa S, Yoshikawa Y, Hosoi Y, Saito H, Takahashi Y. GSTT1 is upregulated by oxidative stress through p38-MK2 signaling pathway in human granulosa cells: possible association with mitochondrial activity. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 3:1213-23. [PMID: 22207314 PMCID: PMC3273902 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that GSTT1 was upregulated in human granulosa cells during aging and that activation and localization of p38 MAPK was changed in parallel. Although oxidative stress is responsible for these changes, the age-associated expression of GSTT1 regulated by MAPKs and the role of GSTT1 in aged granulosa cells remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the expression of GSTT1 and MAPK signaling pathways using human granulosa-like KGN cells stimulated with H2O2 in the presence or absence of various MAPK inhibitors. Interestingly, H2O2-induced GSTT1 was only inhibited by a p38 inhibitor. An inhibitor of MK2, a downstream regulator of p38, also diminished H2O2-induced GSTT1 upregulation. Notably, both p38 and MK2 were significantly inactivated in cells carrying an shRNA construct of GSTT1 (ΔGSTT1 cells), suggesting that the p38-MK2 pathway is essential for age-associated upregulation of GSTT1. The relevance of GSTT1 in mitochondrial activity was then determined. ΔGSTT1 cells displayed enhanced polarization of mitochondrial membrane potential without increasing the apoptosis, suggesting that the age-associated upregulation of GSTT1 may influence the mitochondrial activity of granulosa cells. Collectively, it appears that the age-associated expression of GSTT1 is induced through the p38 signaling pathway and GSTT1 influences homeostatic activities in granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumu Ito
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Perinatal Medicine and Maternal Care, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nishiyama A, Dey A, Tamura T, Ko M, Ozato K. Activation of JNK triggers release of Brd4 from mitotic chromosomes and mediates protection from drug-induced mitotic stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34719. [PMID: 22567088 PMCID: PMC3342290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some anti-cancer drugs, including those that alter microtubule dynamics target mitotic cells and induce apoptosis in some cell types. However, such drugs elicit protective responses in other cell types allowing cells to escape from drug-induced mitotic inhibition. Cells with a faulty protective mechanism undergo defective mitosis, leading to genome instability. Brd4 is a double bromodomain protein that remains on chromosomes during mitosis. However, Brd4 is released from mitotic chromosomes when cells are exposed to anti-mitotic drugs including nocodazole. Neither the mechanisms, nor the biological significance of drug-induced Brd4 release has been fully understood. We found that deletion of the internal C-terminal region abolished nocodazole induced Brd4 release from mouse P19 cells. Furthermore, cells expressing truncated Brd4, unable to dissociate from chromosomes were blocked from mitotic progression and failed to complete cell division. We also found that pharmacological and peptide inhibitors of the c-jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway, but not inhibitors of other MAP kinases, prevented release of Brd4 from chromosomes. The JNK inhibitor that blocked Brd4 release also blocked mitotic progression. Further supporting the role of JNK in Brd4 release, JNK2-/- embryonic fibroblasts were defective in Brd4 release and sustained greater inhibition of cell growth after nocodazole treatment. In sum, activation of JNK pathway triggers release of Brd4 from chromosomes upon nocodazole treatment, which mediates a protective response designed to minimize drug-induced mitotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishiyama
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Section on Developmental Genomics and Aging, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anup Dey
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Ko
- Section on Developmental Genomics and Aging, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kook SH, Lee JC. Tensile force inhibits the proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through Ras-p38 MAPK up-regulation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:1098-106. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
37
|
Kook SH, Jang YS, Lee JC. Involvement of JNK-AP-1 and ERK-NF-κB signaling in tension-stimulated expression of Type I collagen and MMP-1 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1575-83. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00348.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen (COL I) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) are the predominant matrix proteins in the extracellular matrix of the human periodontal ligament (PDL). The expression of these proteins in PDL fibroblasts (PLF) is sensitive to physiological and mechanical stress and is critical for PDL remodeling accompanied by alveolar bone remodeling. This study examined how dose tensile force regulates the expression of COL I and MMP-1 and explored the possible roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors, such as activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Tensile force stimulated the mRNA expression of COL I and MMP-1 in the cells and also activated MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. A pharmacological inhibitor of ERK or JNK prevented the expression of matrix genes and the nuclear translocation of c-Jun proteins in the force-applied PLF. The knockdown of c-Jun by transfecting the cells with its antisense oligonucleotides reduced the force-induced increase in matrix gene expression. In particular, the ERK inhibitor but not JNK or p38 MAPK inhibitor attenuated the force-mediated stimulation of NF-κB-DNA binding and MMP-1 expression. Overall, these results highlight the mechanotransduction pathways involved in matrix gene expression in PLF, where the tension-stimulated expression of COL I and MMP-1 is controlled by the ERK/JNK-AP-1 and ERK-NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kook
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry (BK21 Program), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stress-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinases control the stability and activity of the Cdt1 DNA replication licensing factor. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:4405-16. [PMID: 21930785 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06163-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is tightly coordinated both with cell cycle cues and with responses to extracellular signals to maintain genome stability. We discovered that human Cdt1, an essential origin licensing protein whose activity must be restricted to G(1) phase, is a substrate of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These MAP kinases phosphorylate Cdt1 both during unperturbed G(2) phase and during an acute stress response. Phosphorylation renders Cdt1 resistant to ubiquitin-mediated degradation during S phase and after DNA damage by blocking Cdt1 binding to the Cul4 adaptor, Cdt2. Mutations that block normal cell cycle-regulated MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation interfere with rapid Cdt1 reaccumulation at the end of S phase. Phosphomimetic mutations recapitulate the stabilizing effects of Cdt1 phosphorylation but also reduce the ability of Cdt1 to support origin licensing. Two other CRL4(Cdt2) targets, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 and the methyltransferase PR-Set7/Set8, are similarly stabilized by MAP kinase activity. These findings support a model in which MAP kinase activity in G(2) promotes reaccumulation of a low-activity Cdt1 isoform after replication is complete.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mitosis in vertebrates: the G2/M and M/A transitions and their associated checkpoints. Chromosome Res 2011; 19:291-306. [PMID: 21194009 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, I stress the importance of direct data and accurate terminology when formulating and communicating conclusions on how the G2/M and metaphase/anaphase transitions are regulated. I argue that entry into mitosis (i.e., the G2/M transition) is guarded by several checkpoint control pathways that lose their ability to delay or stop further cell cycle progression once the cell becomes committed to divide, which in vertebrates occurs in the late stages of chromosome condensation. After this commitment, progress through mitosis is then mediated by a single Mad/Bub-based checkpoint that delays chromatid separation, and exit from mitosis (i.e., completion of the cell cycle) in the presence of unattached kinetochores. When cells cannot satisfy the mitotic checkpoint, e.g., when in concentrations of spindle poisons that prohibit the stable attachment of all kinetochores, they are delayed in mitosis for many hours. In normal cells, the duration of this delay depends on the organism and ranges from ∼4 h in rodents to ∼22 h in humans. Recent live cell studies reveal that under this condition, many cancer cells (including HeLa and U2OS) die in mitosis by apoptosis within ∼24 h, which implies that biochemical studies on cancer cell populations harvested in mitosis after a prolonged mitotic arrest are contaminated with dead or dying cells.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sosa MS, Avivar-Valderas A, Bragado P, Wen HC, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. ERK1/2 and p38α/β signaling in tumor cell quiescence: opportunities to control dormant residual disease. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5850-7. [PMID: 21673068 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic minimal residual disease after primary tumor treatment can remain asymptomatic for decades. This is thought to be due to the presence of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTC) or micrometastases in different organs. DTCs lodged in brain, lungs, livers, and/or bone are a major clinical problem because they are the founders of metastasis, which ultimately kill cancer patients. The problem is further aggravated by our lack of understanding of DTC biology. In consequence, there are almost no rational therapies to prevent dormant DTCs from surviving and expanding. Several cancers, including melanoma as well as breast, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas, undergo dormant periods before metastatic recurrences develop. Here we review our experience in studying the cross-talk between ERK1/2 and p38α/β signaling in models of early cancer progression, dissemination, and DTC dormancy. We also provide some potential translational and clinical applications of these findings and describe how some currently used therapies might be useful to control dormant disease. Finally, we draw caution on the use of p38 inhibitors currently in clinical trials for different diseases as these may accelerate metastasis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wen HC, Avivar-Valderas A, Sosa MS, Girnius N, Farias EF, Davis RJ, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. p38α Signaling Induces Anoikis and Lumen Formation During Mammary Morphogenesis. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra34. [PMID: 21610252 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) p38 can induce apoptosis, and its inhibition facilitates mammary tumorigenesis. We found that during mammary acinar morphogenesis in MCF-10A cells grown in three-dimensional culture, detachment of luminal cells from the basement membrane stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases 3 and 6 (MKK3/6) and p38α signaling to promote anoikis. p38α signaling increased transcription of the death-promoting protein BimEL by phosphorylating the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and increasing c-Jun protein abundance, leading to cell death by anoikis and acinar lumen formation. Inhibition of p38α or ATF-2 caused luminal filling reminiscent of that observed in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The mammary glands of MKK3/6 knockout mice (MKK3(-/-)/MKK6(+/- )) showed accelerated branching morphogenesis relative to those of wild-type mice, as well as ductal lumen occlusion due to reduced anoikis. This phenotype was recapitulated by systemic pharmacological inhibition of p38α and β (p38α/β) in wild-type mice. Moreover, the development of DCIS-like lesions showing marked ductal occlusion was accelerated in MMTV-Neu transgenic mice treated with inhibitors of p38α and p38β. We conclude that p38α is crucial for the development of hollow ducts during mammary gland development, a function that may be crucial to its ability to suppress breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Chi Wen
- Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Acetylation of a conserved lysine residue in the ATP binding pocket of p38 augments its kinase activity during hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:2349-63. [PMID: 21444723 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01205-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Like phosphorylation, acetylation of lysine residues within a protein is considered a biologically relevant modification that controls the activity of target proteins. During stress of cells, massive protein acetylation takes place. Here, we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which controls many biological functions during stress, is reversibly acetylated by PCAF/p300 and HDAC3. We identified two acetylated lysine residues, K152 and K53, located in the substrate binding domain and in the ATP-binding pocket of p38, respectively. Acetylation of lysine 53 enhanced the activity of p38 by increasing its affinity for ATP binding. The enhanced acetylation and activation of p38 were found to be in parallel with reduced intracellular ATP levels in cardiomyocytes under stress, as well as in vivo models of cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, our data show, for the first time, that p38 activity is critically regulated by, in addition to phosphorylation, reversible acetylation of a lysine residue, which is conserved in other kinases, implying the possibility of a similar mechanism regulating their activity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kukkonen-Macchi A, Sicora O, Kaczynska K, Oetken-Lindholm C, Pouwels J, Laine L, Kallio MJ. Loss of p38gamma MAPK induces pleiotropic mitotic defects and massive cell death. J Cell Sci 2010; 124:216-27. [PMID: 21172807 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.068254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) family, which is comprised of four protein isoforms, p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ, forms one of the key MAPK pathways. The p38 MAPKs are implicated in many cellular processes including inflammation, differentiation, cell growth, cell cycle and cell death. The function of p38 MAPKs in mitotic entry has been well established, but their role in mitotic progression has remained controversial. We identify p38γ MAPK as a modulator of mitotic progression and mitotic cell death. In HeLa cells, loss of p38γ results in multipolar spindle formation and chromosome misalignment, which induce a transient M phase arrest. The majority of p38γ-depleted cells die at mitotic arrest or soon after abnormal exit from M-phase. We show that p38 MAPKs are activated at the kinetochores and spindle poles throughout mitosis by kinase(s) that are stably bound to these structures. Finally, p38γ is required for the normal kinetochore localization of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), and this contributes to the activity of the p38 MAPK pathway. Our data suggest a link between mitotic regulation and the p38 MAPK pathway, in which p38γ prevents chromosomal instability and supports mitotic cell viability.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ou XH, Li S, Xu BZ, Wang ZB, Quan S, Li M, Zhang QH, Ouyang YC, Schatten H, Xing FQ, Sun QY. p38α MAPK is a MTOC-associated protein regulating spindle assembly, spindle length and accurate chromosome segregation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4130-43. [PMID: 20948319 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.20.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
P38αMAPK (p38α) is usually activated in response to various stresses and plays a role in the inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor progression, but little is known about its roles in meiotic spindle assembly. In this study, we characterized the dynamic localization of p38α and explored its function in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. P38α specifically colocalized with γ-tubulin and Plk1 at the center of MTOCs and spindle poles. Depletion of p38α by specific morpholino injection resulted in severely defective spindles and misaligned chromosomes probably via MK2 dephosphorylation. Notably, depletion of p38α led to significant spindle pole defects, spindle elongation, non-tethered kinetochore microtubules and increased microtubule tension. The disruption of spindle stability was coupled with decreased γ-tubulin and Plk1 at MTOCs. Overexpression of Eg5, a conserved motor protein, also caused spindle elongation and its morpholino injection almost completely rescued spindle elongation caused by p38α depletion. In addition, p38α-depletion decreased BubR1 and interfered with spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which resulted in aneuploid oocytes. Together, these data indicate that p38α is an important component of MTOCs, which regulates spindle assembly and spindle length, as well as stabilizes the spindle and spindle poles. Perturbed SAC and abnormal microtubule tension may be responsible for the misaligned chromosomes and high aneuploidy in p38α-depleted mouse oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Ou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
This paper presents evidence that chromatin condensation, like nuclear envelope breakdown, is brought about through the combined effects of cyclins A2 and B1, and that cyclins B1 and B2 are largely responsible for maintenance of a spindle assembly checkpoint arrest. Here we have used siRNAs and time-lapse epifluorescence microscopy to examine the roles of various candidate mitotic cyclins in chromatin condensation in HeLa cells. Knocking down cyclin A2 resulted in a substantial (∼7 h) delay in chromatin condensation and histone H3 phosphorylation, and expressing an siRNA-resistant form of cyclin A2 partially rescued chromatin condensation. There was no detectable delay in DNA replication in the cyclin A2 knockdowns, arguing that the delay in chromatin condensation is not secondary to a delay in S-phase completion. Cyclin A2 is required for the activation and nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1-Cdk1, raising the possibility that cyclin B1-Cdk1 mediates the effects of cyclin A2. Consistent with this possibility, we found that chromatin condensation was tightly associated temporally with the redistribution of cyclin B1 to the nucleus. Moreover, a constitutively nuclear cyclin B1 rescued chromatin condensation in cyclin A2 knockdown cells. On the other hand, knocking down cyclin B1 delayed chromatin condensation by only about one hour. Our working hypothesis is that active, nuclear cyclin B1-Cdk1 normally cooperates with cyclin A2 to bring about early mitotic events. Because cyclin A2 is present only during the early stages of mitosis, we asked whether cyclin B knockdown might have more dramatic defects on late mitotic events. Consistent with this possibility, we found that cyclin B1- and cyclin B1/B2-knockdown cells had difficulty in maintaining a mitotic arrest in the presence of nocodazole. Taken together, these data suggest that cyclin A2 helps initiate mitosis, in part through its effects on cyclin B1, and that cyclins B1 and B2 are particularly critical for the maintenance of the mitotic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delquin Gong
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pérez-Losada J, Sanchez-Garcia I. New functions for the Snail family of transcription factors: Two-faced proteins. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:2706-8. [PMID: 20676033 PMCID: PMC3233522 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.14.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
47
|
Lee K, Kenny AE, Rieder CL. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity is required during mitosis for timely satisfaction of the mitotic checkpoint but not for the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2150-60. [PMID: 20462950 PMCID: PMC2893980 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We find that in the absence of p38 activity, human cells form longer spindles on which mitotic checkpoint satisfaction is transiently delayed. However, the cells ultimately divide normally. We conclude that normal p38 activity is required for the timely attachment of kinetochores to the spindle, but not for the fidelity of mitosis. Although p38 activity is reported to be required as cells enter mitosis for proper spindle assembly and checkpoint function, its role during the division process remains controversial in lieu of direct data. We therefore conducted live cell studies to determine the effect on mitosis of inhibiting or depleting p38. We found that in the absence of p38 activity the duration of mitosis is prolonged by ∼40% in nontransformed human RPE-1, ∼80% in PtK2 (rat kangaroo), and ∼25% in mouse cells, and this prolongation leads to an elevated mitotic index. However, under this condition chromatid segregation and cytokinesis are normal. Using Mad2/YFP-expressing cells, we show the prolongation of mitosis in the absence of p38 activity is directly due to a delay in satisfying the mitotic checkpoint. Inhibiting p38 did not affect the rate of chromosome motion; however, it did lead to the formation of significantly (10%) longer metaphase spindles. From these data we conclude that normal p38 activity is required for the timely stable attachment of all kinetochores to spindle microtubules, but not for the fidelity of the mitotic process. We speculate that p38 activity promotes timely checkpoint satisfaction by indirectly influencing those motor proteins (e.g., Klp10, Klp67A) involved in regulating the dynamics of kinetochore microtubule ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yen AH, Yang JL. Cdc20 proteolysis requires p38 MAPK signaling and Cdh1-independent APC/C ubiquitination during spindle assembly checkpoint activation by cadmium. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:327-34. [PMID: 20054826 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cdc20, an activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase, initiates the destruction of key mitotic regulators to facilitate mitosis, while it is negatively regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to prevent premature anaphase entry. Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase could contribute to mitotic arrest, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we report a novel pathway in which the p38 signaling triggers Cdc20 destruction under SAC elicited by cadmium, a human carcinogen. We found that the cadmium-induced prometaphase arrest was linked to decreased Cdc20 and accumulated cyclin A protein levels in human cells, whereas the activity of cyclin B1-Cdk1 was unaffected. The Cdc20 half-life was markedly shortened along with its ubiquitination and degradation via 26S proteasome in cadmium-treated asynchronous or G(2)-enriched cells. Depletion of APC3 markedly suppressed the cadmium-induced Cdc20 ubiquitination and proteolysis, while depletion of Cdh1, another activator of APC/C, did not. Intriguingly, blockage of p38 activity restored the Cdc20 levels for continuing mitosis under cadmium, while inhibition of JNK activity had no effect. The cadmium-induced Cdc20 proteolysis was also suppressed during transient depletion of p38alpha or stable expression a dominant negative form of p38. Inhibition of p38 abolished the induction of Mad2-Cdc20-APC3 complex by cadmium. Moreover, forced expression of MKK6-p38 signaling could promote Cdc20 degradation in a Cdh1-independent APC/C pathway. In summary, accelerated ubiquitination and proteolysis of Cdc20 is essential for prometaphase arrest that is mediated via the p38 signaling during SAC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hsin Yen
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Disrupting ovarian cancer metastatic colonization: insights from metastasis suppressor studies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:286925. [PMID: 20300552 PMCID: PMC2838371 DOI: 10.1155/2010/286925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer affects approximately 25,000 women in the United States each year and remains one of the most lethal female malignancies. A standard approach to therapy is surgical cytoreduction, after which the remaining microscopic residual disease is treated with chemotherapy. The vast majority of patients have disease recurrence, underscoring the crucial need for approaches to control the regrowth, or colonization, of tissues after local treatment. Improved therapies require mechanistic information about the process of metastatic colonization, the final step in metastasis, in which cancer cells undergo progressive growth at secondary sites. Studies of metastasis suppressors are providing insights into events controlling metastatic colonization. This paper reviews our laboratory's approach to the identification, characterization, and functional testing of the JNKK1/MKK4 metastasis suppressor in ovarian cancer metastatic colonization. Specifically, we demonstrate that interaction of ovarian caner cells with the omental microenvironment activates JNKK1/MKK4 resulting in decreased proliferation without affecting apoptosis. The potential role of the omental microenvironment, specifically milky spot structures, is also described. It is our goal to provide this work as a usable paradigm that will enable others to study metastasis suppressors in clinical and experimental ovarian cancer metastases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Rodriguez MCS, Petersen M, Mundy J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 61:621-49. [PMID: 20441529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK cascades relay and amplify signals via three types of reversibly phosphorylated kinases leading to the phosphorylation of substrate proteins, whose altered activities mediate a wide array of responses, including changes in gene expression. Cascades may share kinase components, but their signaling specificity is maintained by spaciotemporal constraints and dynamic protein-protein interactions and by mechanisms that include crossinhibition, feedback control, and scaffolding. Plant MAPK cascades regulate numerous processes, including stress and hormonal responses, innate immunity, and developmental programs. Genetic analyses have uncovered several predominant MAPK components shared by several of these processes including the Arabidopsis thaliana MAPKs MPK3, 4, and 6 and MAP2Ks MKK1, 2, 4, and 5. Future work needs to focus on identifying substrates of MAPKs, and on understanding how specificity is achieved among MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
|