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Liu M, Zhang Y, Jian Y, Gu L, Zhang D, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu ZX. The regulations of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:90. [PMID: 38278800 PMCID: PMC10817947 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of telomerase occurs in most cancer types, which facilitates escaping from cell senescence. As the key component of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is regulated by various regulation pathways. TERT gene changing in its promoter and phosphorylation respectively leads to TERT ectopic expression at the transcription and protein levels. The co-interacting factors play an important role in the regulation of TERT in different cancer types. In this review, we focus on the regulators of TERT and these downstream functions in cancer regulation. Determining the specific regulatory mechanism will help to facilitate the development of a cancer treatment strategy that targets telomerase and cancer cell senescence. As the most important catalytic subunit component of telomerase, TERT is rapidly regulated by transcriptional factors and PTM-related activation. These changes directly influence TERT-related telomere maintenance by regulating telomerase activity in telomerase-positive cancer cells, telomerase assembly with telomere-binding proteins, and recruiting telomerase to the telomere. Besides, there are also non-canonical functions that are influenced by TERT, including the basic biological functions of cancer cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, initiating cell formation, EMT, and cell invasion. Other downstream effects are the results of the influence of transcriptional factors by TERT. Currently, some small molecular inhibitors of TERT and TERT vaccine are under research as a clinical therapeutic target. Purposeful work is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yongping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Fahim SA, ElZohairy YA, Moustafa RI. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, in combination with tamoxifen exerts synergistic effect in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells via hTERT inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1844. [PMID: 38246945 PMCID: PMC10800350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most successful treatments for breast cancer; however, TAM resistance continues to be a significant barrier. TAM resistance has been reported to be associated with increased expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). This enzyme shares structural similarity with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme of RNA viruses, suggesting that RdRp inhibitors may also inhibit hTERT. Favipiravir (FAV) is an antiviral drug that inhibits RdRp of RNA viruses. Thus, we propose that FAV may also elicit an antitumor effect by suppressing hTERT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FAV and TAM on TAM-resistant breast cancer (TAMR-1). The cell viabilities were determined. The levels of CDK1/ hTERT, in addition to regulators of hTERT-targeted signaling pathways were measured. Apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle distribution were also determined. Our data revealed that the combination of TAM and FAV suppressed cell proliferation synergistically (CI < 1) and resulted in a significant change in cell migration and apoptosis. Indeed, this was associated with reduced levels of hTERT and CDK1 and shift in the cell cycle distribution. Our findings suggest that the TAM/FAV combination exhibits synergistic effects against TAMR-1 human breast cancer cells by targeting hTERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Fahim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, 6th of October, P.O. Box 12577, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yehia A ElZohairy
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, P.O. Box 12577, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab I Moustafa
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Microbiology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, P.O. Box 12577, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Zhan K, Yang X, Li S, Bai Y. Correlation of endoplasmic reticulum stress patterns with the immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: a prognostic signature analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270774. [PMID: 38143739 PMCID: PMC10748430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The extended duration of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can impact the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the efficacy of immunotherapies by interacting with immune cells that have infiltrated the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods and results The study utilized a training cohort of 364 HCC patients with complete information from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database, and a validation cohort of 231 HCC patients from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. The genes related to ERS exhibiting a strong correlation with overall survival (OS) were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. A 13-gene predictive signature was then produced through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach. The data revealed that the ERS-associated gene signature effectively stratified patients into high- or low-risk groups regarding OS in both the training and validation cohorts (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.00029, respectively). Using the multivariate method, it is still an independent prognostic factor in both the training and validation cohorts (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). Moreover, several metabolic pathways were identified to be enriched among the 13 genes in the predictive signature. When the ERS-associated gene signature was combined with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, the ERS nomogram performed better than either the gene signature or the TNM stage alone (C-index values: 0.731, 0.729, and 0.573, respectively). Further analysis revealed that patients in the high-risk group exhibited increased infiltration of immune cells. Additionally, GP6 was downregulated in HCC tissues among these signature genes (P < 0.05), which was related to poor OS. Conclusions The data suggest that this novel ERS-associated gene signature could contribute to personalized cancer management for HCC. Moreover, targeting GP6 inhibition might be a potential method for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nemtsova MV, Kuznetsova EB, Bure IV. Chromosomal Instability in Gastric Cancer: Role in Tumor Development, Progression, and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16961. [PMID: 38069284 PMCID: PMC10707305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gastric cancers are classified into four molecular subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+), tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), tumors with chromosomal instability (CIN), and genomically stable (GS) tumors. However, the gastric cancer (GC) with chromosomal instability remains insufficiently described and does not have effective markers for molecular and histological verification and diagnosis. The CIN subtype of GC is characterized by chromosomal instability, which is manifested by an increased frequency of aneuploidies and/or structural chromosomal rearrangements in tumor cells. Structural rearrangements in the CIN subtype of GC are not accidental and are commonly detected in chromosomal loci, being abnormal because of specific structural organization. The causes of CIN are still being discussed; however, according to recent data, aberrations in the TP53 gene may cause CIN development or worsen its phenotype. Clinically, patients with the CIN subtype of GC demonstrate poor survival, but receive the maximum benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the review, we consider the molecular mechanisms and possible causes of chromosomal instability in GC, the common rearrangements of chromosomal loci and their impact on the development and clinical course of the disease, as well as the driver genes, their functions, and perspectives on their targeting in the CIN subtype of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Nemtsova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.N.); (E.B.K.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina B. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.N.); (E.B.K.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Bure
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.N.); (E.B.K.)
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of kinetochore-associated protein 1 (KNTC1) in hepatocellular carcinoma. To query the TCGA database for KNTC1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection of protein and mRNA levels of KNTC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SK-Hep-1, Huh7, HepG2 and SNU449. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability were examined after KNTC1 knockdown in SK-Hep-1 and Huh7. Proteins related to KNTC1 were identified through protein interregulation, and their role in hepatocellular carcinoma was investigated. Our results showed that KNTC1 was significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and was associated with poorer prognostic survival. The expression of KNTC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SK-Hep-1, Huh7, HepG2 and SNU449 was significantly higher than that in normal hepatocyte line L02. Knockdown of KNTC1 in SK-Hep-1 and Huh7 significantly inhibited cell viability, migration ability and invasion ability. KNTC1 is involved in the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma through its interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Knockdown of KNTC1 inhibited CDK1 expression, while CDK1 overexpression was able to rescue the regulation of KNTC1 on the viability, migration and invasive ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Knockdown of KNTC1 was found to resulted a cell cycle arrest at the S-phase, potentially through the modulation of CDK1, leading to decreased migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, knockdown of KNTC1 in mouse transplanted tumors significantly inhibits tumor growth. Inhibition of high expression of KNTC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma was effective in suppressing the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells after knockdown. It may be a potential target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.26 Shengli Street, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014 Hubei China
| | - Changjin Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.26 Shengli Street, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014 Hubei China
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Feng Y, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Yu X, Song X, Mao Q, Xia W, Chen B, Xu L, Dong G, Jiang F. The super-enhancer-driven lncRNA LINC00880 acts as a scaffold between CDK1 and PRDX1 to sustain the malignance of lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:551. [PMID: 37620336 PMCID: PMC10449921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) are regulatory element clusters related to cell identity and disease. While the studies illustrating the function of SE-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains few. In our research, a SE-driven lncRNA, LINC00880, was identified, which showed higher expression in LUAD compared to normal tissues and indicated worse outcomes in stage I LUADs. We found that the transcription factor (TF) FOXP3 could simultaneously occupy the promoter and SE regions of LINC00880 to promote its transcription. The oncogenic function of LINC00880 was validated both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, LINC00880 binds to the protein CDK1 to increase its kinase activity, which rely on the phosphorylation state of pT161 in CDK1. LINC00880 also promotes the interaction between CDK1 and PRDX1. Moreover, LINC00880 interacts with PRDX1, which indicates that LINC00880 acts as a protein scaffold between CDK1 and PRDX1 to form a ternary complex, thereby resulting in the activation of PI3K/AKT to promote malignancy. Our results reveal that the SE-associated lncRNA LINC00880 regulates the CDK1/PRDX1 axis to sustain the malignancy of LUAD, providing a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingkuang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinnian Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuming Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qixing Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Dey P, Biswas S, Das R, Chatterjee S, Ghosh U. p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 enhances anticancer activity of PARP inhibitor olaparib in a synergistic way on non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 670:55-62. [PMID: 37276791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib gives promising results against various types of cancers in clinical trials. The combination of drugs always increases therapeutic efficacy because of targeting multiple pathways of cancer progression. Our objective was to explore the potential synergistic anticancer activities of olaparib combined with p38 MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) SB203580 on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells. The effects of the individual compound and their combination on cell survival, DNA damage as detected by γH2AX foci, expression of key proteins in Homologous Recombination (HR) and Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) repair, caspase 3 activation, nuclear fragmentation and telomerase regulation were studied in A549 cells. The results showed that olaparib and SB203580 individually reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner but combined treatment synergistically reduced cell viability. Olaparib combined with SB203580 significantly reduced error-free HR repair via reducing MRE11-RAD50 and promoted error-prone NHEJ repair by increasing Ku70-Ku80 leading to increased DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Notably, the alteration of proteins in HR/NHEJ pathways, DNA damage and induction of apoptosis was significant by combined treatment but not by 1 μM olaparib treatment alone. In addition, combined treatment reduced telomerase activity more than single treatment via reducing telomerase subunits. These data implicated that the anticancer potential of olaparib was significantly increased by combining SB203580 through increasing DNA damage-induced apoptosis and inhibiting telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Dey
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Soumyajit Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Rima Das
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Sandipan Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Utpal Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India.
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Guan T, Li M, Song Y, Chen J, Tang J, Zhang C, Wen Y, Yang X, Huang L, Zhu Y, Wang H, Ding K, Zheng J, Zhang H, Liu T. Phosphorylation of USP29 by CDK1 Governs TWIST1 Stability and Oncogenic Functions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205873. [PMID: 36782089 PMCID: PMC10104637 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly lethal malignancy with limited therapy options. TWIST1, a key transcriptional factor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributes to self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), chemo-resistance, metastasis, and TNBC-related death. However, the mechanism by which TWIST1 is deregulated in TNBC remains elusive. Here, USP29 is identified as a bona fide deubiquitinase of TWIST1. The deubiquitination of TWIST1 catalyzed by USP29 is required for its stabilization and subsequent EMT and CSC functions in TNBC, thereby conferring chemotherapeutic resistance and metastasis. Furthermore, the results unexpectedly reveal that CDK1 functions as the direct USP29 activator. Mechanistically, CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of USP29 is essential for its deubiquitinase activity toward TWIST1 and TWIST1 driven-malignant phenotypes in TNBC, which could be markedly mitigated by the genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of CDK1. Moreover, the histological analyses show that CDK1 and USP29 are highly upregulated in TNBC samples, which positively correlate with the expression of TWIST1. Taken together, the findings reveal a previously unrecognized tumor-promoting function and clinical significance of the CDK1-USP29 axis through stabilizing TWIST1 and provide the preclinical evidence that targeting this axis is an appealing therapeutic strategy to conquer chemo-resistance and metastasis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangming Guan
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of PathologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease PreventionCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Caishi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yalei Wen
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Hongxian Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryShenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital & The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518052China
| | - Ke Ding
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Nature Product ChemistryShanghai Institute of organic chemistryShanghai200032China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Haoxing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease PreventionCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of ChinaJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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10
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da Mota THA, Camargo R, Biojone ER, Guimarães AFR, Pittella-Silva F, de Oliveira DM. The Relevance of Telomerase and Telomere-Associated Proteins in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030691. [PMID: 36980962 PMCID: PMC10048576 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase are closely linked to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, immortalization and carcinogenesis. Telomerase has been largely studied in the context of cancer, including leukemias. Deregulation of human telomerase gene hTERT is a well-established step in leukemia development. B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) recovery rates exceed 90% in children; however, the relapse rate is around 20% among treated patients, and 10% of these are still incurable. This review highlights the biological and clinical relevance of telomerase for B-ALL and the implications of its canonical and non-canonical action on signaling pathways in the context of disease and treatment. The physiological role of telomerase in lymphocytes makes the study of its biomarker potential a great challenge. Nevertheless, many works have demonstrated that high telomerase activity or hTERT expression, as well as short telomeres, correlate with poor prognosis in B-ALL. Telomerase and related proteins have been proven to be promising pharmacological targets. Likewise, combined therapy with telomerase inhibitors may turn out to be an alternative strategy for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Henrique Andrade da Mota
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Camargo
- Brasília Children’s Hospital José Alencar, Brasilia 70684-831, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Reis Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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11
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Shepelev N, Dontsova O, Rubtsova M. Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications in Telomerase Biogenesis and Recruitment to Telomeres. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length is associated with the proliferative potential of cells. Telomerase is an enzyme that elongates telomeres throughout the entire lifespan of an organism in stem cells, germ cells, and cells of constantly renewed tissues. It is activated during cellular division, including regeneration and immune responses. The biogenesis of telomerase components and their assembly and functional localization to the telomere is a complex system regulated at multiple levels, where each step must be tuned to the cellular requirements. Any defect in the function or localization of the components of the telomerase biogenesis and functional system will affect the maintenance of telomere length, which is critical to the processes of regeneration, immune response, embryonic development, and cancer progression. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of telomerase biogenesis and activity is necessary for the development of approaches toward manipulating telomerase to influence these processes. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the major steps of telomerase regulation and the role of post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications in telomerase biogenesis and function in yeast and vertebrates.
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12
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Wang J, Xia S, Chen Y, Qin X, Liu S, Ren H. Screening and validation of prognostic indicator genes in the progression of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedical Technology 2023; 1:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
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13
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Matsuda Y, Ye J, Yamakawa K, Mukai Y, Azuma K, Wu L, Masutomi K, Yamashita T, Daigo Y, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Oshima T, Ito H, Morinaga S, Kishida T, Minamoto T, Kojima M, Kaneko S, Haba R, Kontani K, Kanaji N, Okano K, Muto-Ishizuka M, Yokohira M, Saoo K, Imaida K, Suizu F. Association of longer telomere length in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts with worse prognosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:208-218. [PMID: 36567450 PMCID: PMC9905972 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere dysfunction has been reported to be directly involved in carcinogenesis owing to chromosomal instability and immortalization; however, the clinicopathological significance of telomeres remains controversial. We have shown that telomere shortening occurs in normal-appearing duct cells at initiation and then continues during the progression of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we determined the clinicopathological and prognostic value of telomere length (TL) in cancer progression. METHODS TL in both cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was analyzed by high-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization using a previously reported cohort comprising 1434 cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenosquamous carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which are known cancers with a statistically significantly low incidence of alternative lengthening of telomeres. Cases were divided into 2 groups as follows: longer and shorter telomeres, according to the median TL of cancer cells and CAFs. The statistical significance of TL in cancer cells and CAFs on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS There was a close association between TL in cancer cells and CAFs. Longer telomeres in cancer cells and CAFs were associated with aggressive features such as advanced stage, high mitosis score and nuclear score, poorly differentiated cancer, and desmoplastic stroma in ADC. Furthermore, a longer TL was an independent prognostic factor for ADC, SCC, and RCC. CONCLUSIONS Longer telomeres are associated with worse prognosis in ADC, SCC, and RCC. Thus, TL is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of aggressive cancers with poor prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Juanjuan Ye
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Mukai
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Azuma
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Linxuan Wu
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center
- Center for Advanced Medicine Against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Morinaga
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Divison of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Reiji Haba
- Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kontani
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mariko Muto-Ishizuka
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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Xu P, Wang L, Mo B, Xie X, Hu R, Jiang L, Hu F, Ding F, Xiao H. Identification of NLE1/CDK1 axis as key regulator in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:985827. [PMID: 36818671 PMCID: PMC9931185 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, which is a severer threaten to human health because of its extremely high morbidity and mortality. In this study, the role of Notchless homolog 1 (NLE1) in the development of NSCLC was investigated and the underlying mechanism was explored. The outcomes showed that NLE1 expression is significantly higher in tumor tissues than normal tissues, and is correlated with the pathological stage. The regulation of NSCLC development by NLE1 was also visualized by the in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function studies, which indicated the inhibition of cell growth and migration, as well as enhancement of cell apoptosis on condition of NLE1 knockdown. As for the mechanism, it was demonstrated that NLE1 may execute its tumor-regulating function through activating E2F1-mediated transcription of CDK1, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was also supposed as a downstream of NLE1 in the regulation of NSCLC. Both CDK1 overexpression and treatment of Akt pathway activator could reverse the NLE1 knockdown induced NSCLC inhibition to some extent. In conclusion, this study identified NLE1 as a novel tumor promotor in the development and progression of NSCLC, which may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haibo Xiao
- *Correspondence: Haibo Xiao, ; Fangbao Ding,
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15
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Hu X, Chen Z, Wu X, Ding Z, Huang Y, Fu Q, Chen Z, Wu H. Phosphorylation of VP1 Mediated by CDK1-Cyclin B1 Facilitates Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0194122. [PMID: 36602364 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01941-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus belonging to the genus Avibirnavirus in the family Birnaviridae. It can cause serious failure of vaccination in young poultry birds with impaired immune systems. Post-translational modifications of the VP1 protein are essential for viral RNA transcription, genome replication, and viral multiplication. Little information is available so far regarding the exact mechanism of phosphorylation of IBDV VP1 and its significance in the viral life cycle. Here, we provide several lines of evidence that the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-cyclin B1 complex phosphorylates VP1, which facilitates viral replication. We show that the CDK1-cyclin B1 specifically interacts with VP1 and phosphorylates VP1 on the serine 7 residue, located in the N-terminal 7SPAQ10 region, which follows the optimal phosphorylation motif of CDK1, p-S/T-P. Additionally, IBDV infection drives the cytoplasmic accumulation of CDK1-cyclin B1, which co-localizes with VP1, supporting the kinase activity of CDK1-cyclin B1. Treatment with CDK1 inhibitor RO3306 and knockdown of CDK1-cyclin B1 severely disrupts the polymerase activity of VP1, resulting in diminished viral replication. Moreover, the replication of S7A mutant recombinant IBDV was significantly decreased compared to that of wild-type (WT) IBDV. Thus, CDK1-cyclin B1 is a crucial enzyme which phosphorylates IBDV VP1 on serine 7, which is necessary both for the polymerase activity of VP1 and for viral replication. IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease virus still poses a great economic threat to the global poultry farming industry. Detailed information on the steps of viral genome replication is essential for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification in several viral proteins. There is a lack of information regarding the significance of VP1 phosphorylation and its role in modulating the viral life cycle. In this study, we found that CDK1-cyclin B1 accumulates in the cytoplasm and phosphorylates VP1 on serine 7. The presence of a CDK1 inhibitor and the silencing of CDK1-cyclin B1 decrease IBDV replication. The mutation of VP1 serine 7 to alanine reduces VP1 polymerase activity, disrupting the viral life cycle, which suggests that this residue serves an essential function. Our study offers novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of VP1 phosphorylation.
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16
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Saxena R, Sharma P, Kumar S, Agrawal N, Sharma SK, Awasthi A. Modulation of mitochondria by viral proteins. Life Sci 2023; 313:121271. [PMID: 36526048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles with diverse functions including energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, host innate immune signaling, and disease progression. Several viral proteins specifically target mitochondria to subvert host defense as mitochondria stand out as the most suitable target for the invading viruses. They have acquired the capability to control apoptosis, metabolic state, and evade immune responses in host cells, by targeting mitochondria. In this way, the viruses successfully allow the spread of viral progeny and thus the infection. Viruses employ their proteins to alter mitochondrial dynamics and their specific functions by a modulation of membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial bioenergetics to help them achieve a state of persistent infection. A better understanding of such viral proteins and their impact on mitochondrial forms and functions is the main focus of this review. We also attempt to emphasize the importance of exploring the role of mitochondria in the context of SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis and identify host-virus protein interactions.
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17
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Miller KJ, Henry I, Maylin Z, Smith C, Arunachalam E, Pandha H, Asim M. A compendium of Androgen Receptor Variant 7 target genes and their role in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129140. [PMID: 36937454 PMCID: PMC10014620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signalling is the main driver of prostate cancer (PCa). Truncated isoforms of the AR called androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) lacking the ligand binding domain often emerge during treatment resistance against AR pathway inhibitors such as Enzalutamide. This review discusses how AR-Vs drive a more aggressive form of PCa through the regulation of some of their target genes involved in oncogenic pathways, enabling disease progression. There is a pressing need for the development of a new generation of AR inhibitors which can repress the activity of both the full-length AR and AR-Vs, for which the knowledge of differentially expressed target genes will allow evaluation of inhibition efficacy. This review provides a detailed account of the most common variant, AR-V7, the AR-V7 regulated genes which have been experimentally validated, endeavours to understand their relevance in aggressive AR-V driven PCa and discusses the utility of the downstream protein products as potential drug targets for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoe Maylin
- *Correspondence: Zoe Maylin, ; Mohammad Asim,
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18
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Zhang X, Hong S, Yang J, Liu J, Wang Y, Peng J, Wang H, Hong L. Purvalanol A induces apoptosis and reverses cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:29-43. [PMID: 35946506 PMCID: PMC9760476 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) resistance limits therapeutic efficacy in patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Purvalanol A (Pur) is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. The present study investigated the effect of the combination treatment of Pur and DDP, and the potential anticancer mechanisms in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells in vitro and in vivo . We found that Pur enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin in EOC cells. The combination of Pur and DDP had more significant effects on apoptosis induction in EOC cells compared with the individual-treatment groups and the control group. We further demonstrated that the combination of Pur and DDP may trigger apoptosis and autophagy in EOC cells by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). And the ROS/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway as a potential mechanism for the initiation of autophagy induced by combination therapy. Similar results were observed in vivo . These results demonstrated that Pur sensitized the response of EOC cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo , reversing the resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Jiaxin Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
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Uno Y, Tanaka H, Miyakawa K, Akiyama N, Kamikokura Y, Yuzawa S, Kitada M, Takei H, Tanino M. Subcellular localization of hTERT in breast cancer: insights into its tumorigenesis and drug resistance mechanisms in HER2-immunopositive breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2022; 134:74-84. [PMID: 36549600 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in various cancers, including breast cancer. Although telomere elongation is an essential role for hTERT, the nuclear export after oxdative stress has also been shown in several cancer cell lines and is associated with drug-resistance in vitro. As only a few reports focused on the subcellular localization of hTERT in clinical specimens, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed the correlation between intracellular hTERT expression and the clinicopathological characteristics to identify the clinical significance of hTERT subcellular expression in breast cancers. 144 invasive breast cancers classified by IHC subtype without primary systemic therapy (PST), were selected from a surgical resection cohort and were immunostained for hTERT, p-STAT3, p-AKT and p-ERK. The nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining intensity and proportion of hTERT were scored and compared with clinicopathological parameters. The nuclear hTERT expression was significantly correlated with HER2 expression (p = 0.00156), and the scores were significantly correlated with p-STAT3 and p-AKT expression scores (r = 0.532, p = 0.000587 and r = 0.345, p = 0.0339, respectively) in the HER2-immunopositive breast cancer including luminal-HER2 and HER2 subtypes. Furthermore, hTERT was expressed more in cytoplasm in the specimens after PST than those before PST, and the score tended to be negatively correlated with tumor shrinkage rate in HER2 subtype (r = -0.593, p = 0.0705). These results suggest that nuclear and/or cytoplasmic hTERT may play a different role before and after PST including the tumorigenesis and drug-resistance in breast cancer. Suppression of cytoplasmic hTERT expression may lead to more effective strategy for drug-resistant HER2 subtype in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Uno
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Keita Miyakawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Naoko Akiyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamikokura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yuzawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitada
- Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Takei
- Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport-Academic Medical Center, 1541 Kings Highway Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 0788510, Japan.
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Machitani M, Takei J, Kaneko MK, Ueki S, Ohashi H, Watashi K, Kato Y, Masutomi K. Development of novel monoclonal antibodies against nsp12 of SARS-CoV-2. Virol J 2022; 19:213. [PMID: 36496472 PMCID: PMC9736705 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 19. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, use RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) for viral replication and transcription. Since RdRP is a promising therapeutic target for infection of SARS-CoV-2, it would be beneficial to develop new experimental tools for analysis of the RdRP reaction of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we succeeded to develop novel mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, catalytic subunit of the RdRP. These anti-nsp12 mAbs, RdMab-2, -13, and -20, specifically recognize SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 by western blotting analysis, while they exhibit less or no cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV nsp12. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 was successfully immunoprecipitated using RdMab-2 from lysates of cells overexpressing SARS-CoV-2 nsp12. RdMab-2 was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 transiently expressed in established culture cells such as HEK293T cells by indirect immunofluorescence technique. These novel mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 are useful to elucidate the RdRP reaction of SARS-CoV-2 and biological cell response against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Machitani
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Saori Ueki
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- grid.410795.e0000 0001 2220 1880Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan ,grid.410795.e0000 0001 2220 1880Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- grid.410795.e0000 0001 2220 1880Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan ,grid.410795.e0000 0001 2220 1880Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
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Suzuki K, Tange M, Yamagishi R, Hanada H, Mukai S, Sato T, Tanaka T, Akashi T, Kadomatsu K, Maeda T, Miida T, Takeuchi I, Murakami H, Sekido Y, Murakami-Tonami Y. SMG6 regulates DNA damage and cell survival in Hippo pathway kinase LATS2-inactivated malignant mesothelioma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:446. [PMID: 36335095 PMCID: PMC9637146 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many genes responsible for Malignant mesothelioma (MM) have been identified as tumor suppressor genes and it is difficult to target these genes directly at a molecular level. We searched for the gene which showed synthetic lethal phenotype with LATS2, one of the MM causative genes and one of the kinases in the Hippo pathway. Here we showed that knockdown of SMG6 results in synthetic lethality in LATS2-inactivated cells. We found that this synthetic lethality required the nuclear translocation of YAP1 and TAZ. Both are downstream factors of the Hippo pathway. We also demonstrated that this synthetic lethality did not require SMG6 in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) but in regulating telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity. In addition, the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RdDP) activity of TERT was required for this synthetic lethal phenotype. We confirmed the inhibitory effects of LATS2 and SMG6 on cell proliferation in vivo. The result suggests an interaction between the Hippo and TERT signaling pathways. We also propose that SMG6 and TERT are novel molecular target candidates for LATS2-inactivated cancers such as MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Suzuki
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.412788.00000 0001 0536 8427Cancer Molecular Genetics Lab, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tange
- grid.412788.00000 0001 0536 8427Cancer Molecular Genetics Lab, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamagishi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanada
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Mukai
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sato
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Akashi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Integrative Cellular Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tohru Maeda
- grid.411042.20000 0004 0371 5415College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XGraduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- grid.443595.a0000 0001 2323 0843Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDivision of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.412788.00000 0001 0536 8427Cancer Molecular Genetics Lab, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang SY, Huang YH, Liang YJ, Wu JC. Gene coexpression network analysis identifies hubs in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:972-980. [PMID: 35801949 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC involves multiple signaling pathways. This study utilizes systems and bioinformatic approaches to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC. METHODS Gene expression microarray data were obtained from 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B and HCC. There were 1649 differentially expressed genes inferred from tumorous and nontumorous datasets. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to construct clustered coexpressed gene modules. Statistical analysis was used to study the correlation between gene coexpression networks and demographic features of patients. Functional annotation and pathway inference were explored for each coexpression network. Network analysis identified hub genes of the prognostic gene coexpression network. The hub genes were further validated with a public database. RESULT Five distinct gene coexpression networks were identified by WGCNA. A distinct coexpressed gene network was significantly correlated with HCC prognosis. Pathway analysis of this network revealed extensive integration with cell cycle regulation. Ten hub genes of this gene network were inferred from protein-protein interaction network analysis and further validated in an external validation dataset. Survival analysis showed that lower expression of the 10-gene signature had better overall survival and recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION This study identified a crucial gene coexpression network associated with the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related HCC. The identified hub genes may provide insights for HCC pathogenesis and may be potential prognostic markers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yung Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh-Jin Liang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu X, Wu H, Liu Z. An Integrative Human Pan-Cancer Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112658. [PMID: 35681641 PMCID: PMC9179585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), one of the key regulators of the G2/M checkpoint, is expressed in many cells and plays an important role in cell cycle control. However, CDK1 expression is substantially increased in many tumors of diverse origins and is associated with tumorigenesis. Targeting CDK1 shows promising results for several tumors. However, a systematic and integrative analysis of CDK1 in cancer has not been conducted. The present study aims to use pan-cancer analysis to investigate the relationship, similarities, and differences in genetic and cellular changes associated with CDK1 in various tumors and tumor microenvironments. Our findings elucidate that CDK1 expression increases in more than 20 human tumors and is highly correlated with oncogenic signature gene sets, biological pathways, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and lower survival rate across multiple tumors. Targeting CDK1 may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is essential for cell division by regulating the G2/M phase and mitosis. CDK1 overexpression can also promote the development and progression of a variety of cancers. However, the significance of CDK1 in the formation, progression, and prognosis of human pan-cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas database, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, Human Protein Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and other well-established databases to comprehensively examine CDK1 genetic alterations and gene/protein expression in various cancers and their relationships with the prognosis, immune reactivities, and clinical outcomes for 33 tumor types. Gene set enrichment analysis was also conducted to examine the potential mechanisms of CDK1 in tumorigenesis. The data showed that CDK1 mutation was frequently present in multiple tumors. CDK1 expression was significantly increased in various types of tumors as compared with normal tissues and was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. In addition, CDK1 expression was significantly correlated with oncogenic genes, proteins, cellular components, myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration, ESTMATEScore, and signaling pathways associated with tumor development and progression and tumor microenvironments. These data indicate that CDK1 could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis and a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-884-3278
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24
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Deng Y, Wen H, Yang H, Zhu Z, Huang Q, Bi Y, Wang P, Zhou M, Guan J, Zhang W, Li M. Identification of PBK as a hub gene and potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:125. [PMID: 35593307 PMCID: PMC9164263 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in pediatrics. Since the current standard of care for MB consisting of surgery, cranio-spinal irradiation and chemotherapy often leads to a high morbidity rate, a number of patients suffer from long-term sequelae following treatment. Targeted therapies hold the promise of being more effective and less toxic. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify hub genes with an upregulated expression in MB and to search for potential therapeutic targets from these genes. For this purpose, gene expression profile datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed using R 3.6.0 software to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MB samples and normal brain tissues. A total of 282 upregulated and 436 downregulated DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were predominantly enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication and cell division. The top 10 hub genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction network of upregulated genes, and one identified hub gene [PDZ binding kinase (PBK)] was selected for further investigation due to its possible role in the pathogenesis of MB. The aberrant expression of PBK in MB was verified in additional independent gene expression datasets. Survival analysis demonstrated that a higher expression level of PBK was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes in non-Wingless MBs. Furthermore, targeting PBK with its inhibitor, HI-TOPK-032, impaired the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of two MB cell lines, with the diminished phosphorylation of downstream effectors of PBK, including ERK1/2 and Akt, and the activation of caspase-3. Hence, these results suggest that PBK may be a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel candidate of targeted therapy for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Deng
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Huantao Wen
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Hanjie Yang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqiang Zhu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Qiongzhen Huang
- Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yuewei Bi
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Guan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wangming Zhang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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Li J, Li Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Du L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang C. Exosome detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:1-14. [PMID: 35358734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As nanoscale extracellular vesicles, exosomes are secreted by various cell types, and they are widely distributed in multiple biological fluids. Studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes can carry a variety of primary tumor-specific molecules, which may represent a novel tool for the early detection of cancer. However, the clinical translation of exosomes remains a challenge due to the requirement of large quantities of samples when enriching the cancer-related exosomes in biological fluids, the insufficiency of traditional techniques for exosome subpopulations, and the complex exosome isolation of the current commercially available exosome phenotype profiling approaches. The evolving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, with properties of unique optoelectronics, easy functionalization, and the particular interaction between light and nanoscale metallic materials, can achieve sensitive detection of exosomes without large quantities of samples and multiplexed phenotype profiling, providing a new mode of real-time and noninvasive analysis for cancer patients. In the present review, we mainly discussed exosome detection based on SERS, especially SERS immunoassay. The basic structure and function of exosomes were firstly introduced. Then, recent studies using the SERS technique for cancer detection were critically reviewed, which mainly included various SERS substrates, biological modification of SERS substrates, SERS-based exosome detection, and the combination of SERS and other technologies for cancer diagnosis. This review systematically discussed the essential aspects, limitations, and considerations of applying SERS technology in the detection and analysis of cancer-derived exosomes, which could provide a valuable reference for the early diagnosis of cancer through SERS technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been applied to exosomes detection to obtain better diagnostic results. In past three years, several reviews have been published in exosome detection, which were narrowly focus on methods of exosome detection. Selection and surface functionalization of the substrate and the combination detection with different methods based on SERS will provide new strategies for the detection of exosomes. This review will focus on the above aspects. This emerging detection method is constantly evolving and contributing to the early discovery of diseases in the future.
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Low ZY, Yip AJW, Lal SK. Repositioning anticancer drugs as novel COVID-19 antivirals: targeting structural and functional similarities between viral proteins and cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:1-23. [PMID: 35450545 PMCID: PMC9114731 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic contributed by the SARS-CoV-2 has put in place an urgent need for new and promising antiviral therapeutics. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme plays a vital role in viral replication for all RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, thereby making it a prime and promising candidate for novel antiviral targeting. Interestingly, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a common catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme in many cancers, has also been identified with structural and functional similarities to the viral RdRp. Therefore, it becomes essential to evaluate and consider anticancer drugs that target hTERT towards antiviral RdRp activity, and vice versa. For instance, Floxuridine, an hTERT inhibitor, and VX-222, a hepatitis C virus RdRp inhibitor, are now gaining recognition as a potential antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and anti-hTERT for cancer, simultaneously. While limited studies on hTERT inhibitors for use as viral RdRp, and anti-RdRp inhibitors as hTERT inhibitors are available, in this review, we aim at bringing to light this close structural and functional relationship between both these enzymes. We punctuate this idea with specific examples on how potential anticancer inhibitors can effectively be brought to use as inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a relatively new pathogen, compared to the very well-studied field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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Hanselmann RG, Welter C. Origin of Cancer: Cell work is the Key to Understanding Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:787995. [PMID: 35300431 PMCID: PMC8921603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.787995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell is the smallest unit of life. It is a structure that maintains order through self-organization, characterized by a high level of dynamism, which in turn is characterized by work. For this work to take place, a continuous high flow of energy is necessary. However, a focused view of the physical relationship between energy and work is inadequate for describing complex biological/medical mechanisms or systems. In this review, we try to make a connection between the fundamental laws of physics and the mechanisms and functions of biology, which are characterized by self-organization. Many different physical work processes (work) in human cells are called cell work and can be grouped into five forms: synthetic, mechanical, electrical, concentration, and heat generation cell work. In addition to the flow of energy, these cell functions are based on fundamental processes of self-organization that we summarize with the term Entirety of molecular interaction (EoMI). This illustrates that cell work is caused by numerous molecular reactions, flow equilibrium, and mechanisms. Their number and interactions are so complex that they elude our perception in their entirety. To be able to describe cell functions in a biological/medical context, the parameters influencing cell work should be summarized in overarching influencing variables. These are “biological” energy, information, matter, and cell mechanics (EMIM). This makes it possible to describe and characterize the cell work involved in cell systems (e.g., respiratory chain, signal transmission, cell structure, or inheritance processes) and to demonstrate changes. If cell work and the different influencing parameters (EMIM influencing variables) are taken as the central property of the cell, specific gene mutations cannot be regarded as the sole cause for the initiation and progression of cancer. This reductionistic monocausal view does not do justice to the dynamic and highly complex system of a cell. Therefore, we postulate that each of the EMIM influencing variables described above is capable of changing the cell work and thus the order of a cell in such a way that it can develop into a cancer cell.
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28
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Hong X, Wang L, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu JP. Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Epithelial Stem Cell Senescence and Senescence-Associated Differentiation Disorders in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050877. [PMID: 35269498 PMCID: PMC8909789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary senescence is accelerated by unresolved DNA damage response, underpinning susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. Recently it was reported that the SARS-Cov-2 viral infection induces acute pulmonary epithelial senescence followed by fibrosis, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examine roles of alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence and senescence-associated differentiation disorders in pulmonary fibrosis, exploring the mechanisms mediating and preventing pulmonary fibrogenic crisis. Notably, the TGF-β signalling pathway mediates alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence by mechanisms involving suppression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in pulmonary fibrosis. Alternatively, telomere uncapping caused by stress-induced telomeric shelterin protein TPP1 degradation mediates DNA damage response, pulmonary senescence and fibrosis. However, targeted intervention of cellular senescence disrupts pulmonary remodelling and fibrosis by clearing senescent cells using senolytics or preventing senescence using telomere dysfunction inhibitor (TELODIN). Studies indicate that the development of senescence-associated differentiation disorders is reprogrammable and reversible by inhibiting stem cell replicative senescence in pulmonary fibrosis, providing a framework for targeted intervention of the molecular mechanisms of alveolar stem cell senescence and pulmonary fibrosis. Abbreviations: DPS, developmental programmed senescence; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; OIS, oncogene-induced replicative senescence; SADD, senescence-associated differentiation disorder; SALI, senescence-associated low-grade inflammation; SIPS, stress-induced premature senescence; TERC, telomerase RNA component; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; TIFs, telomere dysfunction-induced foci; TIS, therapy-induced senescence; VIS, virus-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Kexiong Zhang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
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29
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Matsuda Y, Yamashita T, Ye J, Yasukawa M, Yamakawa K, Mukai Y, Machitani M, Daigo Y, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Oshima T, Ito H, Morinaga S, Kishida T, Minamoto T, Yamada S, Takei J, Kaneko MK, Kojima M, Kaneko S, Masaki T, Hirata M, Haba R, Kontani K, Kanaji N, Miyatake N, Okano K, Kato Y, Masutomi K. Phosphorylation of
hTERT
at threonine 249 is a novel tumor biomarker of aggressive cancer with poor prognosis in multiple organs. J Pathol 2022; 257:172-185. [PMID: 35094384 PMCID: PMC9315154 DOI: 10.1002/path.5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulates expression of target genes and is directly involved in tumor formation in a telomere‐independent manner. Non‐canonical function of hTERT has been considered as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. We have previously shown that hTERT phosphorylation at threonine 249 (p‐hTERT), which promotes RdRP activity, is an indicator of an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in liver and pancreatic cancers, using two cohorts with small sample sizes with polyclonal p‐hTERT antibody. To clarify the clinical relevance of p‐hTERT, we developed a specific monoclonal antibody and determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of p‐hTERT in cancer specimens using a large cohort. A monoclonal antibody for phosphorylated hTERT (p‐hTERT) at threonine 249 was developed and validated. The antibody was used for the immunohistochemical staining of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens from 1523 cases of lung, colon, stomach, pancreatic, liver, breast, and kidney cancers. We detected elevated p‐hTERT expression levels in cases with a high mitotic activity, high pathological grade, and high nuclear pleomorphism. Elevated p‐hTERT expression was an independent prognostic factor for lung, pancreatic, and liver cancers. Furthermore, p‐hTERT expression was associated with immature and aggressive features, such as adenosquamous carcinoma (lung and pancreas), invasive type of cancer (lung), high serum alpha‐fetoprotein level (liver), and triple‐negative status (breast). In conclusion, RdRP activity indicated by p‐hTERT expression predicts aggressive cancer phenotypes in various types of cancer. Thus, p‐hTERT is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host‐Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University, 1750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho Kita‐gun Kagawa 761‐0793 Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 13‐1 Takara‐machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920‐8641 Japan
| | - Juanjuan Ye
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host‐Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University, 1750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho Kita‐gun Kagawa 761‐0793 Japan
| | - Mami Yasukawa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell National Cancer Center Research Institute 5‐1‐1 Tsukiji, Chuo‐ku Tokyo 104‐0045 Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host‐Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University, 1750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho Kita‐gun Kagawa 761‐0793 Japan
| | - Yuri Mukai
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host‐Defense, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University, 1750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho Kita‐gun Kagawa 761‐0793 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell National Cancer Center Research Institute 5‐1‐1 Tsukiji, Chuo‐ku Tokyo 104‐0045 Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center
- Center for Advanced Medicine against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Shiga 520‐2192 Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 108‐8639 Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2‐3‐2 Nakao, Asahi‐ku Yokohama 241‐8515 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2‐3‐2 Nakao, Asahi‐ku Yokohama 241‐8515 Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Divison of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13‐1 Takara‐machi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6‐5‐1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa‐shi Chiba 277‐0882 Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 13‐1 Takara‐machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920‐8641 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine
| | | | - Keiichi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University, 1750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho Kita‐gun Kagawa 761‐0793 Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8575 Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell National Cancer Center Research Institute 5‐1‐1 Tsukiji, Chuo‐ku Tokyo 104‐0045 Japan
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Nakano T, Fujimoto K, Tomiyama A, Takahashi M, Achiha T, Arita H, Kawauchi D, Yasukawa M, Masutomi K, Kondo A, Narita Y, Maehara T, Ichimura K. Eribulin prolongs survival in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of malignant meningioma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:697-708. [PMID: 34839570 PMCID: PMC8819309 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor, with generally favorable patient prognosis. However, patients with malignant meningioma typically experience recurrence, undergo multiple surgical resections, and ultimately have a poor prognosis. Thus far, effective chemotherapy for malignant meningiomas has not been established. We recently reported the efficacy of eribulin (Halaven) for glioblastoma with a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation. This study investigated the anti–tumor effect of eribulin against TERT promoter mutation‐harboring human malignant meningioma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Two meningioma cell lines, IOMM‐Lee and HKBMM, were used in this study. The strong inhibition of cell proliferation by eribulin via cell cycle arrest was demonstrated through viability assay and flow cytometry. Apoptotic cell death in malignant meningioma cell lines was determined through vital dye assay and immunoblotting. Moreover, a wound healing assay revealed the suppression of tumor cell migration after eribulin exposure. Intraperitoneal administration of eribulin significantly prolonged the survival of orthotopic xenograft mouse models of both malignant meningioma cell lines implanted in the subdural space (P < .0001). Immunohistochemistry confirmed apoptosis in brain tumor tissue treated with eribulin. Overall, these results suggest that eribulin is a potential therapeutic agent for malignant meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakano
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujimoto
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takahashi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamune Achiha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mami Yasukawa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ma Y, Xia R, Ma X, Judson-Torres RL, Zeng H. Mucosal Melanoma: Pathological Evolution, Pathway Dependency and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:702287. [PMID: 34350118 PMCID: PMC8327265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.702287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare melanoma subtype that originates from melanocytes within sun-protected mucous membranes. Compared with cutaneous melanoma (CM), MM has worse prognosis and lacks effective treatment options. Moreover, the endogenous or exogenous risk factors that influence mucosal melanocyte transformation, as well as the identity of MM precursor lesions, are ambiguous. Consequently, there remains a lack of molecular markers that can be used for early diagnosis, and therefore better management, of MM. In this review, we first summarize the main functions of mucosal melanocytes. Then, using oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) as a model, we discuss the distinct pathologic stages from benign mucosal melanocytes to metastatic MM, mapping the possible evolutionary trajectories that correspond to MM initiation and progression. We highlight key areas of ambiguity during the genetic evolution of MM from its benign lesions, and the resolution of which could aid in the discovery of new biomarkers for MM detection and diagnosis. We outline the key pathways that are altered in MM, including the MAPK pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway, cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, and the RNA maturation process, and discuss targeted therapy strategies for MM currently in use or under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Ma
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert L Judson-Torres
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hanlin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gong C, Yang H, Wang S, Liu J, Li Z, Hu Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Luo Q, Wu Y, Liu E, Xiao Y. hTERT Promotes CRC Proliferation and Migration by Recruiting YBX1 to Increase NRF2 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658101. [PMID: 34079797 PMCID: PMC8165255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression is related to severe Colorectal Cancer (CRC) progression and negatively related to CRC patient survival. Previous studies have revealed that hTERT can reduce cancer cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and accelerate cancer progression; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a molecule that plays a significant role in regulating cellular ROS homeostasis, but whether there is a correlation between hTERT and NRF2 remains unclear. Here, we showed that hTERT increases CRC proliferation and migration by inducing NRF2 upregulation. We further found that hTERT increases NRF2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Our data also revealed that hTERT primarily upregulates NRF2 by increasing NRF2 promoter activity rather than by regulating NRF2 mRNA or protein stability. Using DNA pull-down/MS analysis, we found that hTERT can recruit YBX1 to upregulate NRF2 promoter activity. We also found that hTERT/YBX1 may localize to the P2 region of the NRF2 promoter. Taken together, our results demonstrate that hTERT facilitates CRC proliferation and migration by upregulating NRF2 expression through the recruitment of the transcription factor YBX1 to activate the NRF2 promoter. These results provide a new theoretical basis for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Endoscope, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - En Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kawashima AT, Wong C, Lordén G, King CC, Lara-Gonzalez P, Desai A, Gingras AC, Newton AC. The PHLPP1 N-Terminal Extension Is a Mitotic Cdk1 Substrate and Controls an Interactome Switch. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0033320. [PMID: 33397691 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00333-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) is a tumor suppressor that directly dephosphorylates a wide array of substrates, most notably the prosurvival kinase Akt. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing PHLPP1 itself. Here, we report that PHLPP1 is dynamically regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner and deletion of PHLPP1 results in mitotic delays and increased rates of chromosomal segregation errors. We show that PHLPP1 is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis by Cdk1 in a functionally uncharacterized region known as the PHLPP1 N-terminal extension (NTE). A proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) interaction screen revealed that during mitosis, PHLPP1 dissociates from plasma membrane scaffolds, such as Scribble, by a mechanism that depends on its NTE and gains proximity to kinetochore and mitotic spindle proteins such as KNL1 and TPX2. Our data are consistent with a model in which phosphorylation of PHLPP1 during mitosis regulates binding to its mitotic partners and allows accurate progression through mitosis. The finding that PHLPP1 binds mitotic proteins in a cell cycle- and phosphorylation-dependent manner may have relevance to its tumor-suppressive function.
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Shi Q, Meng Z, Tian XX, Wang YF, Wang WH. Identification and validation of a hub gene prognostic index for hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2193-2208. [PMID: 33620260 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aim to provide new insights into the mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify key genes as biomarkers for the prognosis of HCC. Materials & methods: Differentially expressed genes between HCC tissues and normal tissues were identified via the Gene Expression Omnibus tool. The top ten hub genes screened by the degree of the protein nodes in the protein-protein interaction network also showed significant associations with overall survival in HCC patients. Results: A prognostic model containing a five-gene signature was constructed to predict the prognosis of HCC via multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion: This study identified a novel five-gene signature (CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, BUB1 and KIF11) as a significant independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Z Meng
- The People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - X X Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Y F Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - W H Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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Machitani M, Yasukawa M, Nakashima J, Furuichi Y, Masutomi K. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRP, a promising therapeutic target for cancer and potentially COVID-19. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3976-3984. [PMID: 32805774 PMCID: PMC7461281 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has driven a global pandemic with catastrophic consequences. The rapid development of promising therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 is keenly anticipated. Family Coronaviridae comprises positive, single-stranded RNA viruses that use RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) for viral replication and transcription. As the RdRP of viruses in this family and others plays a pivotal role in infection, it is a promising therapeutic target for developing antiviral agents against them. A critical genetic driver for many cancers is the catalytic subunit of telomerase: human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), identified initially as an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. However, even though hTERT is a DNA polymerase, it has phylogenetic and structural similarities to viral RdRPs. Researchers worldwide, including the authors of this review, are engaged in developing therapeutic strategies targeting hTERT. We have published a series of papers reporting that hTERT has RdRP activity and that this RdRP activity in hTERT is essential for tumor formation. Here, we review the enzymatic function of RdRP in virus proliferation and tumor development, reminding us of how the study of the novel coronavirus has brought us to the unexpected intersection of cancer research and RNA virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Division of Cancer Stem CellNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Mami Yasukawa
- Division of Cancer Stem CellNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Jotaro Nakashima
- Division of Cancer Stem CellNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem CellNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
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Abstract
The telomere is the specialized nucleoprotein complex at the end of the chromosome. Its highly conserved 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats and shelterin protein complexes form a protective loop structure to maintain the integrity and stability of linear chromosomes. Although human somatic cells gradually shorten telomeres to undergo senescence or crisis, cancer cells activate telomerase, or the recombination-based mechanism to maintain telomeres and exhibit immortality. As the most frequent non-coding mutations in cancer, gain-of-function mutations in the promoter region of the telomerase catalytic subunit, TERT, trigger telomerase activation. Promoter methylation and copy number gain are also associated with the enhanced TERT expression. Although telomerase inhibitors were pioneered from telomere-directed therapeutics, their efficacies are limited to cancer with short telomeres and some hematological malignancies. Other therapeutic approaches include a nucleoside analog incorporated to telomeres and TERT promoter-driven oncolytic adenoviruses. Tankyrase poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a positive regulator of telomerase, has been rediscovered as a target for Wnt-driven cancer. Meanwhile, telomeric nucleic acids form a higher-order structure called a G-quadruplex (G4). G4s are formed genome-wide and their dynamics affect various events, including replication, transcription, and translation. G4-stabilizing compounds (G4 ligands) exert anticancer effects and are in clinical investigations. Collectively, telomere biology has provided clues for deeper understanding of cancer, which expands opportunities to discover innovative anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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