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Yu X, Catanescu CO, Bird RE, Satagopan S, Baum ZJ, Lotti Diaz LM, Zhou QA. Trends in Research and Development for CO 2 Capture and Sequestration. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11643-11664. [PMID: 37033841 PMCID: PMC10077574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Technological and medical advances over the past few decades epitomize human capabilities. However, the increased life expectancies and concomitant land-use changes have significantly contributed to the release of ∼830 gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere over the last three decades, an amount comparable to the prior two and a half centuries of CO2 emissions. The United Nations has adopted a pledge to achieve "net zero", i.e., yearly removing as much CO2 from the atmosphere as the amount emitted due to human activities, by the year 2050. Attaining this goal will require a concerted effort by scientists, policy makers, and industries all around the globe. The development of novel materials on industrial scales to selectively remove CO2 from mixtures of gases makes it possible to mitigate CO2 emissions using a multipronged approach. Broadly, the CO2 present in the atmosphere can be captured using materials and processes for biological, chemical, and geological technologies that can sequester CO2 while also reducing our dependence on fossil-fuel reserves. In this review, we used the curated literature available in the CAS Content Collection to present a systematic analysis of the various approaches taken by scientists and industrialists to restore carbon balance in the environment. Our analysis highlights the latest trends alongside the associated challenges.
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Hanssen SV, Steinmann ZJN, Daioglou V, Čengić M, Van Vuuren DP, Huijbregts MAJ. Global implications of crop‐based bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity. GCB BIOENERGY 2022; 14:307-321. [PMID: 35875590 PMCID: PMC9299942 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) based on purpose‐grown lignocellulosic crops can provide negative CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change, but its land requirements present a threat to biodiversity. Here, we analyse the implications of crop‐based BECCS for global terrestrial vertebrate species richness, considering both the land‐use change (LUC) required for BECCS and the climate change prevented by BECCS. LUC impacts are determined using global‐equivalent, species–area relationship‐based loss factors. We find that sequestering 0.5–5 Gtonne of CO2 per year with lignocellulosic crop‐based BECCS would require hundreds of Mha of land, and commit tens of terrestrial vertebrate species to extinction. Species loss per unit of negative emissions decreases with: (i) longer lifetimes of BECCS systems, (ii) less overall deployment of crop‐based BECCS and (iii) optimal land allocation, that is prioritizing locations with the lowest species loss per negative emission potential, rather than minimizing overall land use or prioritizing locations with the lowest biodiversity. The consequences of prevented climate change for biodiversity are based on existing climate response relationships. Our tentative comparison shows that for crop‐based BECCS considered over 30 years, LUC impacts on vertebrate species richness may outweigh the positive effects of prevented climate change. Conversely, for BECCS considered over 80 years, the positive effects of climate change mitigation on biodiversity may outweigh the negative effects of LUC. However, both effects and their interaction are highly uncertain and require further understanding, along with the analysis of additional species groups and biodiversity metrics. We conclude that factoring in biodiversity means lignocellulosic crop‐based BECCS should be used early to achieve the required mitigation over longer time periods, on optimal biomass cultivation locations, and most importantly, as little as possible where conversion of natural land is involved, looking instead to sustainably grown or residual biomass‐based feedstocks and alternative strategies for carbon dioxide removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steef V. Hanssen
- Department of Environmental Science Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Zoran J. N. Steinmann
- Department of Environmental Science Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Vassilis Daioglou
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague The Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Mirza Čengić
- Department of Environmental Science Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Detlef P. Van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague The Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental Science Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Diniz Oliveira T, Brunelle T, Guenet B, Ciais P, Leblanc F, Guivarch C. A mixed-effect model approach for assessing land-based mitigation in integrated assessment models: A regional perspective. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4671-4685. [PMID: 34089552 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the prospects of low short-term emissions reduction, carbon removals (CDRs) are expected to play an important role in achieving ambitious mitigation targets in future scenarios of integrated assessment models (IAMs), particularly Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). In this paper, we explore the IAMC 1.5℃ database to depict the characteristics of the two main CDR options present in mitigation scenarios: BECCS and afforestation/reforestation. We apply a linear mixed-effect model to capture the specific regional and cross-IAM effects. Results reveal that the distribution of BECCS and afforestation deployment differs across IAMs and regions and, to a second extent, time. BECCS is preferred in the scenarios not for its ability to expand energy use but actually because it appears as an alternative to afforestation, which is associated with a decrease in energy use. However, the regional distribution of CDR deployment does not show a common pattern across scenarios and IAMs. Therefore, a more comprehensive investigation is needed before it can support policy proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Diniz Oliveira
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Brunelle
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie de I'ENS, CNRS UMR 8538 - École normale supérieure, PSL University - IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de I'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Leblanc
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- École des Ponts, Nogent-sur-Marne, France
| | - Céline Guivarch
- Centre International de Recherche sur I'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Nogent-sur-Marne, France
- École des Ponts, Nogent-sur-Marne, France
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4
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Rastandeh A, Carnes M, Jarchow M. Spatial analysis of landscape social values in multifunctional landscapes of the Upper Missouri River Basin. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Rastandeh
- Department of Sustainability & Environment University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota57069USA
| | - Morgan Carnes
- Department of Sustainability & Environment University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota57069USA
| | - Meghann Jarchow
- Department of Sustainability & Environment University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota57069USA
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5
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Alternative carbon price trajectories can avoid excessive carbon removal. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2264. [PMID: 33859170 PMCID: PMC8050196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The large majority of climate change mitigation scenarios that hold warming below 2 °C show high deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), resulting in a peak-and-decline behavior in global temperature. This is driven by the assumption of an exponentially increasing carbon price trajectory which is perceived to be economically optimal for meeting a carbon budget. However, this optimality relies on the assumption that a finite carbon budget associated with a temperature target is filled up steadily over time. The availability of net carbon removals invalidates this assumption and therefore a different carbon price trajectory should be chosen. We show how the optimal carbon price path for remaining well below 2 °C limits CDR demand and analyze requirements for constructing alternatives, which may be easier to implement in reality. We show that warming can be held at well below 2 °C at much lower long-term economic effort and lower CDR deployment and therefore lower risks if carbon prices are high enough in the beginning to ensure target compliance, but increase at a lower rate after carbon neutrality has been reached.
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Pires JCM. Negative emissions technologies: A complementary solution for climate change mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:502-514. [PMID: 30965264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas (GHG) and its atmospheric concentration is currently 50% higher than pre-industrial levels. The continuous GHGs emissions may lead to severe and irreversible consequences in the climate system. The reduction of GHG emissions may be not enough to mitigate climate change. Consequently, besides carbon capture from large emission sources, atmospheric CO2 capture may be also required. To meet the target defined for climate change mitigation, the removal of 10 Gt·yr-1 of CO2 globally by mid-century and 20 Gt·yr-1 of CO2 globally by the end of century. The technologies applied with this aim are known as negative emission technologies (NETs), as they lead to achieve a negative balance of carbon in atmosphere. This paper aims to present the recent research works regarding NETs, focusing the research findings achieved by academic groups and projects. Besides several advantages, NETs present high operational cost and its scale-up should be tested to know the real effect on climate change mitigation. With current knowledge, no single process should be seen as a solution. Research efforts should be performed to evaluate and reduce NETs costs and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C M Pires
- LEPABE - Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Abstract
Climate mitigation will have significant impacts on government spending necessary to finance large-scale deployment of Negative Emission Technologies (NETs). The required expenditure might consume up to a third of general government expenditure in advanced economies. Recent publications have raised concerns regarding the actual feasibility Negative Emission Technologies (NETs). Here the authors commented on the financial viability of large-scale late century NETs and suggested that expenditure peak will occur in the end of the century, which would require massive global subsidy program.
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Striving towards the Deployment of Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): A Review of Research Priorities and Assessment Needs. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10072206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kriegler E, Luderer G, Bauer N, Baumstark L, Fujimori S, Popp A, Rogelj J, Strefler J, van Vuuren DP. Pathways limiting warming to 1.5°C: a tale of turning around in no time? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2016.0457. [PMID: 29610367 PMCID: PMC5897828 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore the feasibility of limiting global warming to 1.5°C without overshoot and without the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. For this purpose, we perform a sensitivity analysis of four generic emissions reduction measures to identify a lower bound on future CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes. Final energy demand reductions and electrification of energy end uses as well as decarbonization of electricity and non-electric energy supply are all considered. We find the lower bound of cumulative fossil fuel and industry CO2 emissions to be 570 GtCO2 for the period 2016-2100, around 250 GtCO2 lower than the lower end of available 1.5°C mitigation pathways generated with integrated assessment models. Estimates of 1.5°C-consistent CO2 budgets are highly uncertain and range between 100 and 900 GtCO2 from 2016 onwards. Based on our sensitivity analysis, limiting warming to 1.5°C will require CDR or terrestrial net carbon uptake if 1.5°C-consistent budgets are smaller than 650 GtCO2 The earlier CDR is deployed, the more it neutralizes post-2020 emissions rather than producing net negative emissions. Nevertheless, if the 1.5°C budget is smaller than 550 GtCO2, temporary overshoot of the 1.5°C limit becomes unavoidable if CDR cannot be ramped up faster than to 4 GtCO2 in 2040 and 10 GtCO2 in 2050.This article is part of the theme issue 'The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Kriegler
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gunnar Luderer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nico Bauer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lavinia Baumstark
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joeri Rogelj
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Strefler
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Detlef P van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Smith P, Price J, Molotoks A, Warren R, Malhi Y. Impacts on terrestrial biodiversity of moving from a 2°C to a 1.5°C target. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20160456. [PMID: 29610386 PMCID: PMC5897827 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We applied a recently developed tool to examine the reduction in climate risk to biodiversity in moving from a 2°C to a 1.5°C target. We then reviewed the recent literature examining the impact of (a) land-based mitigation options and (b) land-based greenhouse gas removal options on biodiversity. We show that holding warming to 1.5°C versus 2°C can significantly reduce the number of species facing a potential loss of 50% of their climatic range. Further, there would be an increase of 5.5-14% of the globe that could potentially act as climatic refugia for plants and animals, an area equivalent to the current global protected area network. Efforts to meet the 1.5°C target through mitigation could largely be consistent with biodiversity protection/enhancement. For impacts of land-based greenhouse gas removal technologies on biodiversity, some (e.g. soil carbon sequestration) could be neutral or positive, others (e.g. bioenergy with carbon capture and storage) are likely to lead to conflicts, while still others (e.g. afforestation/reforestation) are context-specific, when applied at scales necessary for meaningful greenhouse gas removal. Additional effort to meet the 1.5°C target presents some risks, particularly if inappropriately managed, but it also presents opportunities.This article is part of the theme issue 'The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jeff Price
- Tyndall centre, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Amy Molotoks
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Rachel Warren
- Tyndall centre, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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12
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Smith P, Haszeldine RS, Smith SM. Preliminary assessment of the potential for, and limitations to, terrestrial negative emission technologies in the UK. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1400-1405. [PMID: 27731875 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aggregate technical potential for land-based negative emissions technologies (NETs) in the UK is estimated to be 12-49 Mt C eq. per year, representing around 8-32% of current emissions. The proportion of this potential that could be realized is limited by a number of cost, energy and environmental constraints which vary greatly between NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Scottish Food Security Alliance-Crops & ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK.
| | - R Stuart Haszeldine
- Grant Institute, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Committee on Climate Change, 7 Holbein Place, London SW1W 8NR, UK
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Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 °C. Nature 2016; 534:631-9. [PMID: 27357792 DOI: 10.1038/nature18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Paris climate agreement aims at holding global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and to "pursue efforts" to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. To accomplish this, countries have submitted Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) outlining their post-2020 climate action. Here we assess the effect of current INDCs on reducing aggregate greenhouse gas emissions, its implications for achieving the temperature objective of the Paris climate agreement, and potential options for overachievement. The INDCs collectively lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to where current policies stand, but still imply a median warming of 2.6-3.1 degrees Celsius by 2100. More can be achieved, because the agreement stipulates that targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are strengthened over time, both in ambition and scope. Substantial enhancement or over-delivery on current INDCs by additional national, sub-national and non-state actions is required to maintain a reasonable chance of meeting the target of keeping warming well below 2 degrees Celsius.
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14
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Smith P. Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1315-24. [PMID: 26732128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite 20 years of effort to curb emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions grew faster during the 2000s than in the 1990s, which presents a major challenge for meeting the international goal of limiting warming to <2 °C relative to the preindustrial era. Most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) to reach the 2 °C target. A recent analysis of NETs, including direct air capture, enhanced weathering, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation/deforestation, showed that all NETs have significant limits to implementation, including economic cost, energy requirements, land use, and water use. In this paper, I assess the potential for negative emissions from soil carbon sequestration and biochar addition to land, and also the potential global impacts on land use, water, nutrients, albedo, energy and cost. Results indicate that soil carbon sequestration and biochar have useful negative emission potential (each 0.7 GtCeq. yr(-1) ) and that they potentially have lower impact on land, water use, nutrients, albedo, energy requirement and cost, so have fewer disadvantages than many NETs. Limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a NET centre around issues of sink saturation and reversibility. Biochar could be implemented in combination with bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Current integrated assessment models do not represent soil carbon sequestration or biochar. Given the negative emission potential of SCS and biochar and their potential advantages compared to other NETs, efforts should be made to include these options within IAMs, so that their potential can be explored further in comparison with other NETs for climate stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Scottish Food Security Alliance-Crops & ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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15
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16
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Gasser T, Guivarch C, Tachiiri K, Jones CD, Ciais P. Negative emissions physically needed to keep global warming below 2 °C. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26237242 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8958.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To limit global warming to <2 °C we must reduce the net amount of CO2 we release into the atmosphere, either by producing less CO2 (conventional mitigation) or by capturing more CO2 (negative emissions). Here, using state-of-the-art carbon-climate models, we quantify the trade-off between these two options in RCP2.6: an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario likely to limit global warming below 2 °C. In our best-case illustrative assumption of conventional mitigation, negative emissions of 0.5-3 Gt C (gigatonnes of carbon) per year and storage capacity of 50-250 Gt C are required. In our worst case, those requirements are 7-11 Gt C per year and 1,000-1,600 Gt C, respectively. Because these figures have not been shown to be feasible, we conclude that development of negative emission technologies should be accelerated, but also that conventional mitigation must remain a substantial part of any climate policy aiming at the 2-°C target.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gasser
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), CEA - CNRS - UVSQ, CEA l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), CNRS - Ecole des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - AgroParisTech - CIRAD, Campus du Jardin Tropical, 45 bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France
| | - C Guivarch
- Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), CNRS - Ecole des Ponts ParisTech - EHESS - AgroParisTech - CIRAD, Campus du Jardin Tropical, 45 bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France
| | - K Tachiiri
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
| | - C D Jones
- Met Office, Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), CEA - CNRS - UVSQ, CEA l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Negative emissions physically needed to keep global warming below 2 °C. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7958. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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18
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Carbon Capture and Storage Development Trends from a Techno-Paradigm Perspective. ENERGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/en7085221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ana GR, Ojelabi P, Shendell DG. Spatial-temporal variations in carbon dioxide levels in Ibadan, Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:229-240. [PMID: 25075546 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.938024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests how global background levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are increasing and this impacts environmental quality and human and ecological health. Data from less developed countries are sparse. We determined spatial and temporal variations in concentrations of CO2 in selected locations in Ibadan, Nigeria with identifiable prominent outdoor sources. Activity driven areas in north and south-west areas were identified and marked with a global positioning system. Waste management practices and activities generating CO2 were documented and described using a technician observation checklist. CO2 levels were measured using a portable TELAIRE 7001 attached to HOBO U12 data loggers across seasons. Mean CO2 levels were compared over seasons, i.e. rainy season months and the dry season months. While CO2 levels recorded outdoors in study areas were comparable to available international data, routine monitoring is recommended to further characterize concurrent pollutants in fossil fuel combustion emissions with known deleterious health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godson R Ana
- a Environmental Health Sciences , University of Ibadan, Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
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20
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Ozcan DC, Alonso M, Ahn H, Abanades JC, Brandani S. Process and Cost Analysis of a Biomass Power Plant with in Situ Calcium Looping CO2 Capture Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500606v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Can Ozcan
- Scottish
Carbon Capture and Storage, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, U.K
| | - Mónica Alonso
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hyungwoong Ahn
- Scottish
Carbon Capture and Storage, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, U.K
| | - Juan C. Abanades
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Stefano Brandani
- Scottish
Carbon Capture and Storage, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, U.K
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21
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Kraxner F, Leduc S, Fuss S, Aoki K, Kindermann G, Yamagata Y. Energy Resilient Solutions for Japan - a BECCS Case Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Ooi REH, Foo DCY, Tan RR, Ng DKS, Smith R. Carbon Constrained Energy Planning (CCEP) for Sustainable Power Generation Sector with Automated Targeting Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E. H. Ooi
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering/Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies, University
of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dominic C. Y. Foo
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering/Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies, University
of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raymond R. Tan
- Chemical Engineering Department/Center
for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle
University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines
| | - Denny K. S. Ng
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering/Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies, University
of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Robin Smith
- Centre for Process Integration,
School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University
of Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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Abanades JC, Alonso M, Rodríguez N. Biomass Combustion with in Situ CO2 Capture with CaO. I. Process Description and Economics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102353s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Abanades
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Mónica Alonso
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain
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24
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Capture of CO2 during low temperature biomass combustion in a fluidized bed using CaO. Process description, experimental results and economics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Naqvi M, Yan J, Fröling M. Bio-refinery system of DME or CH4 production from black liquor gasification in pulp mills. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:937-944. [PMID: 19767203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing black liquor gasification technology over recent years for efficient recovery of bio-based residues in chemical pulp mills. Two potential technologies of producing dimethyl ether (DME) and methane (CH(4)) as alternative fuels from black liquor gasification integrated with the pulp mill have been studied and compared in this paper. System performance is evaluated based on: (i) comparison with the reference pulp mill, (ii) fuel to product efficiency (FTPE) and (iii) biofuel production potential (BPP). The comparison with the reference mill shows that black liquor to biofuel route will add a highly significant new revenue stream to the pulp industry. The results indicate a large potential of DME and CH(4) production globally in terms of black liquor availability. BPP and FTPE of CH(4) production is higher than DME due to more optimized integration with the pulping process and elimination of evaporation unit in the pulp mill.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naqvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Energy Processes, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Alexandrov GA. Carbon stock growth in a forest stand: the power of age. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2007; 2:4. [PMID: 17459169 PMCID: PMC1865535 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationship between the age of a forest stand and its biomass is essential for managing the forest component of the global carbon cycle. Since biomass increases with stand age, postponing harvesting to the age of biological maturity may result in the formation of a large carbon sink. This article quantifies the carbon sequestration capacity of forests by suggesting a default rule to link carbon stock and stand age. RESULTS The age dependence of forest biomass is shown to be a power-law monomial where the power of age is theoretically estimated to be 4/5. This theoretical estimate is close to the known empirical estimate; therefore, it provides a scientific basis for a quick and transparent assessment of the benefits of postponing the harvest, suggesting that the annual magnitude of the sink induced by delayed harvest lies in the range of 1-2% of the baseline carbon stock. CONCLUSION The results of this study imply that forest age could be used as an easily understood and scientifically sound measure of the progress in complying with national targets on the protection and enhancement of forest carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii A Alexandrov
- Office for Global Environmental Database, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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27
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Abanades JC, Anthony EJ, Wang J, Oakey JE. Fluidized bed combustion systems integrating CO2 capture with CaO. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:2861-6. [PMID: 15884387 DOI: 10.1021/es0496221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Capturing CO2 from large-scale power generation combustion systems such as fluidized bed combustors (FBCs) may become important in a CO2-constrained world. Using previous experience in capturing pollutants such as SO2 in these systems, we discuss a range of options that incorporate capture of CO2 with CaO in FBC systems. Natural limestones emerge from this study as suitable high-temperature sorbents for these systems because of their low price and availability. This is despite their limited performance as regenerable sorbents. We have found a range of process options that allow the sorbent utilization to maintain a given level of CO2 separation efficiency, appropriate operating conditions, and sufficiently high power generation efficiencies. A set of reference case examples has been chosen to discuss the critical scientific and technical issues of sorbent performance and reactor design for these novel CO2 capture concepts.
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28
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Robinson AL, Rhodes JS, Keith DW. Assessment of potential carbon dioxide reductions due to biomass-coal cofiring in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:5081-5089. [PMID: 14655692 DOI: 10.1021/es034367q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cofiring biomass with coal in existing power plants offers a relatively inexpensive and efficient option for increasing near-term biomass energy utilization. Potential benefits include reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides and development of biomass energy markets. To understand the economics of this strategy, we develop a model to calculate electricity and pollutant mitigation costs with explicit characterization of uncertainty in fuel and technology costs and variability in fuel properties. The model is first used to evaluate the plant-level economics of cofiring as a function of biomass cost. It is then integrated with state-specific coal consumption and biomass supply estimates to develop national supply curves for cofire electricity and carbon mitigation. A delivered cost of biomass below 15 dollars per ton is required for cofire to be competitive with existing coal-based generation. Except at low biomass prices (less than 15 dollars per ton), cofiring is unlikely to be competitive for NOx or SOx control, but it can provide comparatively inexpensive control of CO2 emissions: we estimate that emissions reductions of 100 Mt-CO2/year (a 5% reduction in electric-sector emissions) can be achieved at 25 +/- 20 dollars/tC. The 2-3 year time horizon for deployment--compared with 10-20 years for other CO2 mitigation options--makes cofiring particularly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890, USA.
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