1
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Marshall WF, Fung JC. Modeling homologous chromosome recognition via nonspecific interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317373121. [PMID: 38722810 PMCID: PMC11098084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317373121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In many organisms, most notably Drosophila, homologous chromosomes associate in somatic cells, a phenomenon known as somatic pairing, which takes place without double strand breaks or strand invasion, thus requiring some other mechanism for homologs to recognize each other. Several studies have suggested a "specific button" model, in which a series of distinct regions in the genome, known as buttons, can associate with each other, mediated by different proteins that bind to these different regions. Here, we use computational modeling to evaluate an alternative "button barcode" model, in which there is only one type of recognition site or adhesion button, present in many copies in the genome, each of which can associate with any of the others with equal affinity. In this model, buttons are nonuniformly distributed, such that alignment of a chromosome with its correct homolog, compared with a nonhomolog, is energetically favored; since to achieve nonhomologous alignment, chromosomes would be required to mechanically deform in order to bring their buttons into mutual register. By simulating randomly generated nonuniform button distributions, many highly effective button barcodes can be easily found, some of which achieve virtually perfect pairing fidelity. This model is consistent with existing literature on the effect of translocations of different sizes on homolog pairing. We conclude that a button barcode model can attain highly specific homolog recognition, comparable to that seen in actual cells undergoing somatic homolog pairing, without the need for specific interactions. This model may have implications for how meiotic pairing is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace F. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Jennifer C. Fung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
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2
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Keller D, Stinus S, Umlauf D, Gourbeyre E, Biot E, Olivier N, Mahou P, Beaurepaire E, Andrey P, Crabbe L. Non-random spatial organization of telomeres varies during the cell cycle and requires LAP2 and BAF. iScience 2024; 27:109343. [PMID: 38510147 PMCID: PMC10951912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial genome organization within the nucleus influences major biological processes and is impacted by the configuration of linear chromosomes. Here, we applied 3D spatial statistics and modeling on high-resolution telomere and centromere 3D-structured illumination microscopy images in cancer cells. We found a multi-scale organization of telomeres that dynamically evolved from a mixed clustered-and-regular distribution in early G1 to a purely regular distribution as cells progressed through the cell cycle. In parallel, our analysis revealed two pools of peripheral and internal telomeres, the proportions of which were inverted during the cell cycle. We then conducted a targeted screen using MadID to identify the molecular pathways driving or maintaining telomere anchoring to the nuclear envelope observed in early G1. Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP) proteins were found transiently localized to telomeres in anaphase, a stage where LAP2α initiates the reformation of the nuclear envelope, and impacted telomere redistribution in the next interphase together with their partner barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Keller
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sonia Stinus
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - David Umlauf
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Edith Gourbeyre
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Biot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Olivier
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Andrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laure Crabbe
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
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3
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Wang M, Meng G, Yang Y, Wang X, Xie R, Dong C. Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly of Tibetan Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma leucocontextum and the First Copia Centromeric Retrotransposon in Macro-Fungi Genome. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:15. [PMID: 38248925 PMCID: PMC10817607 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome has been a longstanding goal in the field of genomic research. By integrating high-coverage and precise long-read sequencing data using multiple assembly strategies, we present here the first T2T gap-free genome assembly of Ganoderma leucocontextum strain GL72, a Tibetan medicinal mushroom. The T2T genome, with a size of 46.69 Mb, consists 13 complete nuclear chromosomes and typical telomeric repeats (CCCTAA)n were detected at both ends of 13 chromosomes. The high mapping rate, uniform genome coverage, a complete BUSCOs of 99.7%, and base accuracy exceeding 99.999% indicate that this assembly represents the highest level of completeness and quality. Regions characterized by distinct structural attributes, including highest Hi-C interaction intensity, high repeat content, decreased gene density, low GC content, and minimal or no transcription levels across all chromosomes may represent potential centromeres. Sequence analysis revealed the first Copia centromeric retrotransposon in macro-fungi genome. Phylogenomic analysis identified that G. leucocontextum and G. tsugae diverged from the other Ganoderma species approximately 9.8-17.9 MYA. The prediction of secondary metabolic clusters confirmed the capability of this fungus to produce a substantial quantity of metabolites. This T2T gap-free genome will contribute to the genomic 'dark matter' elucidation and server as a great reference for genetics, genomics, and evolutionary studies of G. leucocontextum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.W.); (G.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.W.); (G.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.W.); (G.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.W.); (G.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Rong Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China;
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.W.); (G.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.)
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4
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Fernández-Álvarez A. Beyond tradition: exploring the non-canonical functions of telomeres in meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1278571. [PMID: 38020928 PMCID: PMC10679444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The telomere bouquet is a specific chromosomal configuration that forms during meiosis at the zygotene stage, when telomeres cluster together at the nuclear envelope. This clustering allows cytoskeleton-induced movements to be transmitted to the chromosomes, thereby facilitating homologous chromosome search and pairing. However, loss of the bouquet results in more severe meiotic defects than can be attributed solely to recombination problems, suggesting that the bouquet's full function remains elusive. Despite its transient nature and the challenges in performing in vivo analyses, information is emerging that points to a remarkable suite of non-canonical functions carried out by the bouquet. Here, we describe how new approaches in quantitative cell biology can contribute to establishing the molecular basis of the full function and plasticity of the bouquet, and thus generate a comprehensive picture of the telomeric control of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Kanoh J. Subtelomeres: hotspots of genome variation. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:155-160. [PMID: 37648502 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain multiple types of duplicated sequences. Typical examples are tandem repeat sequences including telomeres, centromeres, rDNA genes and transposable elements. Most of these sequences are unstable; thus, their copy numbers or sequences change rapidly in the course of evolution. In this review, I will describe roles of subtelomere regions, which are located adjacent to telomeres at chromosome ends, and recent discoveries about their sequence variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kanoh
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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6
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Marshall WF, Fung JC. Homologous chromosome recognition via nonspecific interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.09.544427. [PMID: 37333079 PMCID: PMC10274854 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In many organisms, most notably Drosophila, homologous chromosomes in somatic cells associate with each other, a phenomenon known as somatic homolog pairing. Unlike in meiosis, where homology is read out at the level of DNA sequence complementarity, somatic homolog pairing takes place without double strand breaks or strand invasion, thus requiring some other mechanism for homologs to recognize each other. Several studies have suggested a "specific button" model, in which a series of distinct regions in the genome, known as buttons, can associate with each other, presumably mediated by different proteins that bind to these different regions. Here we consider an alternative model, which we term the "button barcode" model, in which there is only one type of recognition site or adhesion button, present in many copies in the genome, each of which can associate with any of the others with equal affinity. An important component of this model is that the buttons are non-uniformly distributed, such that alignment of a chromosome with its correct homolog, compared with a non-homolog, is energetically favored; since to achieve nonhomologous alignment, chromosomes would be required to mechanically deform in order to bring their buttons into mutual register. We investigated several types of barcodes and examined their effect on pairing fidelity. We found that high fidelity homolog recognition can be achieved by arranging chromosome pairing buttons according to an actual industrial barcode used for warehouse sorting. By simulating randomly generated non-uniform button distributions, many highly effective button barcodes can be easily found, some of which achieve virtually perfect pairing fidelity. This model is consistent with existing literature on the effect of translocations of different sizes on homolog pairing. We conclude that a button barcode model can attain highly specific homolog recognition, comparable to that seen in actual cells undergoing somatic homolog pairing, without the need for specific interactions. This model may have implications for how meiotic pairing is achieved.
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7
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Solé M, Pascual Á, Anton E, Blanco J, Sarrate Z. The courtship choreography of homologous chromosomes: timing and mechanisms of DSB-independent pairing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1191156. [PMID: 37377734 PMCID: PMC10291267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1191156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis involves deep changes in the spatial organisation and interactions of chromosomes enabling the two primary functions of this process: increasing genetic diversity and reducing ploidy level. These two functions are ensured by crucial events such as homologous chromosomal pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation. In most sexually reproducing eukaryotes, homologous chromosome pairing depends on a set of mechanisms, some of them associated with the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced at the onset of prophase I, and others that operate before DSBs formation. In this article, we will review various strategies utilised by model organisms for DSB-independent pairing. Specifically, we will focus on mechanisms such as chromosome clustering, nuclear and chromosome movements, as well as the involvement of specific proteins, non-coding RNA, and DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joan Blanco
- *Correspondence: Joan Blanco, ; Zaida Sarrate,
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8
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Fujita I, Kimura A, Yamashita A. A force balance model for a cell size-dependent meiotic nuclear oscillation in fission yeast. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55770. [PMID: 36622644 PMCID: PMC9986818 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast undergoes premeiotic nuclear oscillation, which is dependent on microtubules and is driven by cytoplasmic dynein. Although the molecular mechanisms have been analyzed, how a robust oscillation is generated despite the dynamic behaviors of microtubules has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the oscillation exhibits cell length-dependent frequency and requires a balance between microtubule and viscous drag forces, as well as proper microtubule dynamics. Comparison of the oscillations observed in living cells with a simulation model based on microtubule dynamic instability reveals that the period of oscillation correlates with cell length. Genetic alterations that reduce cargo size suggest that the nuclear movement depends on viscous drag forces. Deletion of a gene encoding Kinesin-8 inhibits microtubule catastrophe at the cell cortex and results in perturbation of oscillation, indicating that nuclear movement also depends on microtubule dynamic instability. Our findings link numerical parameters from the simulation model with cellular functions required for generating the oscillation and provide a basis for understanding the physical properties of microtubule-dependent nuclear movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchRIKENKobeJapan
| | - Akatsuki Kimura
- Cell Architecture LaboratoryNational Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life ScienceSOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)MishimaJapan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Interdisciplinary Research UnitNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Center for Low‐temperature Plasma SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
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9
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Yang HJ, Asakawa H, Li FA, Haraguchi T, Shih HM, Hiraoka Y. A nuclear pore complex-associated regulation of SUMOylation in meiosis. Genes Cells 2023; 28:188-201. [PMID: 36562208 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) provides a permeable barrier between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. In a subset of NPC constituents that regulate meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we found that nucleoporin Nup132 (homolog of human Nup133) deficiency resulted in transient leakage of nuclear proteins during meiosis I, as observed in the nup132 gene-deleted mutant. The nuclear protein leakage accompanied the liberation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific ubiquitin-like protease 1 (Ulp1) from the NPC. Ulp1 retention at the nuclear pore prevented nuclear protein leakage and restored normal meiosis in a mutant lacking Nup132. Furthermore, using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified DNA topoisomerase 2 (Top2) and RCC1-related protein (Pim1) as the target proteins for SUMOylation. SUMOylation levels of Top2 and Pim1 were altered in meiotic cells lacking Nup132. HyperSUMOylated Top2 increased the binding affinity at the centromeres of nup132 gene-deleted meiotic cells. The Top2-12KR sumoylation mutant was less localized to the centromeric regions. Our results suggest that SUMOylation of chromatin-binding proteins is regulated by the NPC-bound SUMO-specific protease and is important for the progression of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Haruhiko Asakawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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10
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Kim HJ, Liu C, Zhang L, Dernburg AF. MJL-1 is a nuclear envelope protein required for homologous chromosome pairing and regulation of synapsis during meiosis in C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1453. [PMID: 36753547 PMCID: PMC9908027 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between chromosomes and LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes in the nuclear envelope (NE) promote homolog pairing and synapsis during meiosis. By tethering chromosomes to cytoskeletal motors, these connections lead to processive chromosome movements along the NE. This activity is usually mediated by telomeres, but in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, special chromosome regions called "pairing centers" (PCs) have acquired this meiotic function. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized meiosis-specific NE protein, MJL-1 (MAJIN-Like-1), that is essential for interactions between PCs and LINC complexes in C. elegans. Mutations in MJL-1 eliminate active chromosome movements during meiosis, resulting in nonhomologous synapsis and impaired homolog pairing. Fission yeast and mice also require NE proteins to connect chromosomes to LINC complexes. Extensive similarities in the molecular architecture of meiotic chromosome-NE attachments across eukaryotes suggest a common origin and/or functions of this architecture during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Biological Sciences and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Kuzdere T, Flury V, Schalch T, Iesmantavicius V, Hess D, Bühler M. Differential phosphorylation of Clr4 SUV39H by Cdk1 accompanies a histone H3 methylation switch that is essential for gametogenesis. EMBO Rep 2022; 24:e55928. [PMID: 36408846 PMCID: PMC9827552 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) is a hallmark of heterochromatin that plays crucial roles in gene silencing, genome stability, and chromosome segregation. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Clr4 mediates both di- and tri-methylation of H3K9. Although H3K9 methylation has been intensely studied in mitotic cells, its role during sexual differentiation remains unclear. Here, we map H3K9 methylation genome-wide during meiosis and show that constitutive heterochromatin temporarily loses H3K9me2 and becomes H3K9me3 when cells commit to meiosis. Cells lacking the ability to tri-methylate H3K9 exhibit meiotic chromosome segregation defects. Finally, the H3K9 methylation switch is accompanied by differential phosphorylation of Clr4 by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Our results suggest that a conserved master regulator of the cell cycle controls the specificity of an H3K9 methyltransferase to prevent ectopic H3K9 methylation and to ensure faithful gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Kuzdere
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland,University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Valentin Flury
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland,University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Schalch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marc Bühler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland,University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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12
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Impact of Chromosomal Context on Origin Selection and the Replication Program. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071244. [PMID: 35886027 PMCID: PMC9318681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated by conserved mechanisms that bring about a spatial and temporal organization in which distinct genomic domains are copied at characteristic times during S phase. Although this replication program has been closely linked with genome architecture, we still do not understand key aspects of how chromosomal context modulates the activity of replication origins. To address this question, we have exploited models that combine engineered genomic rearrangements with the unique replication programs of post-quiescence and pre-meiotic S phases. Our results demonstrate that large-scale inversions surprisingly do not affect cell proliferation and meiotic progression, despite inducing a restructuring of replication domains on each rearranged chromosome. Remarkably, these alterations in the organization of DNA replication are entirely due to changes in the positions of existing origins along the chromosome, as their efficiencies remain virtually unaffected genome wide. However, we identified striking alterations in origin firing proximal to the fusion points of each inversion, suggesting that the immediate chromosomal neighborhood of an origin is a crucial determinant of its activity. Interestingly, the impact of genome reorganization on replication initiation is highly comparable in the post-quiescent and pre-meiotic S phases, despite the differences in DNA metabolism in these two physiological states. Our findings therefore shed new light on how origin selection and the replication program are governed by chromosomal architecture.
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13
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Navarro EJ, Marshall WF, Fung JC. Modeling cell biological features of meiotic chromosome pairing to study interlock resolution. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010252. [PMID: 35696428 PMCID: PMC9232156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become associated side by side in a process known as homologous chromosome pairing. Pairing requires long range chromosome motion through a nucleus that is full of other chromosomes. It remains unclear how the cell manages to align each pair of chromosomes quickly while mitigating and resolving interlocks. Here, we use a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model to investigate how specific features of meiosis, including motor-driven telomere motion, nuclear envelope interactions, and increased nuclear size, affect the rate of pairing and the mitigation/resolution of interlocks. By creating in silico versions of three yeast strains and comparing the results of our model to experimental data, we find that a more distributed placement of pairing sites along the chromosome is necessary to replicate experimental findings. Active motion of the telomeric ends speeds up pairing only if binding sites are spread along the chromosome length. Adding a meiotic bouquet significantly speeds up pairing but does not significantly change the number of interlocks. An increase in nuclear size slows down pairing while greatly reducing the number of interlocks. Interestingly, active forces increase the number of interlocks, which raises the question: How do these interlocks resolve? Our model gives us detailed movies of interlock resolution events which we then analyze to build a step-by-step recipe for interlock resolution. In our model, interlocks must first translocate to the ends, where they are held in a quasi-stable state by a large number of paired sites on one side. To completely resolve an interlock, the telomeres of the involved chromosomes must come in close proximity so that the cooperativity of pairing coupled with random motion causes the telomeres to unwind. Together our results indicate that computational modeling of homolog pairing provides insight into the specific cell biological changes that occur during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Center of Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wallace F. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. Fung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Center of Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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14
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Kim HJ, Liu C, Dernburg AF. How and Why Chromosomes Interact with the Cytoskeleton during Meiosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050901. [PMID: 35627285 PMCID: PMC9140367 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early meiotic prophase, connections are established between chromosomes and cytoplasmic motors via a nuclear envelope bridge, known as a LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. These widely conserved links can promote both chromosome and nuclear motions. Studies in diverse organisms have illuminated the molecular architecture of these connections, but important questions remain regarding how they contribute to meiotic processes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in the field, outline the challenges in studying these chromosome dynamics, and highlight distinctive features that have been characterized in major model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA;
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Shen S, Jian Y, Cai Z, Li F, Lv M, Liu Y, Wu J, Fu C, Shi Y. Structural insights reveal the specific recognition of meiRNA by the Mei2 protein. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6581319. [PMID: 35512546 PMCID: PMC9486875 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Mei2, an RNA-binding protein essential for entry into meiosis, regulates meiosis initiation. Mei2 binds to a specific non-coding RNA species, meiRNA, and accumulates at sme2 gene locus, which encodes meiRNA. Previous research has shown that the Mei2 C-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM3) physically interacts with meiRNA 5' region in vitro and stimulates meiosis in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism still remains elusive. We first employed an in vitro crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-seq) assay and demonstrated a preference for U-rich motifs of meiRNA by Mei2 RRM3. We then solved the crystal structures of Mei2 RRM3 in the apo form and complex with an 8mer RNA fragment, derived from meiRNA, as detected by in vitro CLIP-seq. These results provide structural insights into Mei2 RRM3-meiRNA complex and reveal that Mei2 RRM3 binds specifically to the UUC(U) sequence. Furthermore, a structure-based Mei2 mutation, Mei2F644A causes defective karyogamy, suggesting an essential role of the RNA-binding ability of Mei2 in regulating meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanze Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhaokui Cai
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fudong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jihui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,MOE key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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16
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Sakuno T, Tashiro S, Tanizawa H, Iwasaki O, Ding DQ, Haraguchi T, Noma KI, Hiraoka Y. Rec8 Cohesin-mediated Axis-loop chromatin architecture is required for meiotic recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3799-3816. [PMID: 35333350 PMCID: PMC9023276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, cohesin-dependent axial structures are formed in the synaptonemal complex (SC). However, the functional correlation between these structures and cohesion remains elusive. Here, we examined the formation of cohesin-dependent axial structures in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This organism forms atypical SCs composed of linear elements (LinEs) resembling the lateral elements of SC but lacking the transverse filaments. Hi-C analysis using a highly synchronous population of meiotic S. pombe cells revealed that the axis-loop chromatin structure formed in meiotic prophase was dependent on the Rec8 cohesin complex. In contrast, the Rec8-mediated formation of the axis-loop structure occurred in cells lacking components of LinEs. To dissect the functions of Rec8, we identified a rec8-F204S mutant that lost the ability to assemble the axis-loop structure without losing cohesion of sister chromatids. This mutant showed defects in the formation of the axis-loop structure and LinE assembly and thus exhibited reduced meiotic recombination. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the Rec8-dependent axis-loop structure provides a structural platform essential for LinE assembly, facilitating meiotic recombination of homologous chromosomes, independently of its role in sister chromatid cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakuno
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sanki Tashiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Hideki Tanizawa
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Osamu Iwasaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Da-Qiao Ding
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Noma
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Jiménez-Martín A, Pineda-Santaella A, Pinto-Cruz J, León-Periñán D, García-Sánchez S, Delgado-Gestoso D, Marín-Toral L, Fernández-Álvarez A. The Rabl chromosome configuration masks a kinetochore reassembly mechanism in yeast mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br8. [PMID: 35274979 PMCID: PMC9282007 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell cycle progression in metazoans, the kinetochore is assembled at mitotic onset and disassembled during mitotic exit. Once assembled, the kinetochore complex attached to centromeres interacts directly with the spindle microtubules, the vehicle of chromosome segregation. This reassembly program is assumed to be absent in budding and fission yeast, because most kinetochore proteins are stably maintained at the centromeres throughout the entire cell cycle. Here, we show that the reassembly program of the outer kinetochore at mitotic onset is unexpectedly conserved in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We identified this behavior by removing the Rabl chromosome configuration, in which centromeres are permanently associated with the nuclear envelope beneath the spindle pole body during interphase. In addition to having evolutionary implications for kinetochore reassembly, our results aid the understanding of the molecular processes responsible for kinetochore disassembly and assembly during mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Martín
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain).,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Salamanca). Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca (Spain)
| | - Alberto Pineda-Santaella
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
| | - Jesús Pinto-Cruz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
| | - Daniel León-Periñán
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
| | - Sabas García-Sánchez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
| | - David Delgado-Gestoso
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
| | - Laura Marín-Toral
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain)
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Junta de Andalucía). Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville (Spain).,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Salamanca). Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca (Spain)
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18
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Sakuno T, Hiraoka Y. Rec8 Cohesin: A Structural Platform for Shaping the Meiotic Chromosomes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:200. [PMID: 35205245 PMCID: PMC8871791 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is critically different from mitosis in that during meiosis, pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes occur. During meiosis, the morphology of sister chromatids changes drastically, forming a prominent axial structure in the synaptonemal complex. The meiosis-specific cohesin complex plays a central role in the regulation of the processes required for recombination. In particular, the Rec8 subunit of the meiotic cohesin complex, which is conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, has been analyzed for its function in modulating chromosomal architecture during the pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes in meiosis. Here, we review the current understanding of Rec8 cohesin as a structural platform for meiotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
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19
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Prusicki MA, Balboni M, Sofroni K, Hamamura Y, Schnittger A. Caught in the Act: Live-Cell Imaging of Plant Meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718346. [PMID: 34992616 PMCID: PMC8724559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging is a powerful method to obtain insights into cellular processes, particularly with respect to their dynamics. This is especially true for meiosis, where chromosomes and other cellular components such as the cytoskeleton follow an elaborate choreography over a relatively short period of time. Making these dynamics visible expands understanding of the regulation of meiosis and its underlying molecular forces. However, the analysis of meiosis by live-cell imaging is challenging; specifically in plants, a temporally resolved understanding of chromosome segregation and recombination events is lacking. Recent advances in live-cell imaging now allow the analysis of meiotic events in plants in real time. These new microscopy methods rely on the generation of reporter lines for meiotic regulators and on the establishment of ex vivo culture and imaging conditions, which stabilize the specimen and keep it alive for several hours or even days. In this review, we combine an overview of the technical aspects of live-cell imaging in plants with a summary of outstanding questions that can now be addressed to promote live-cell imaging in Arabidopsis and other plant species and stimulate ideas on the topics that can be addressed in the context of plant meiotic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Nozaki T, Chang F, Weiner B, Kleckner N. High Temporal Resolution 3D Live-Cell Imaging of Budding Yeast Meiosis Defines Discontinuous Actin/Telomere-Mediated Chromosome Motion, Correlated Nuclear Envelope Deformation and Actin Filament Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687132. [PMID: 34900979 PMCID: PMC8656277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome movement is prominent at mid-meiotic prophase and is proposed to enhance the efficiency and/or stringency of homolog pairing and/or to help prevent or resolve topological entanglements. Here, we combine fluorescent repressor operator system (FROS) labeling with three-dimensional (3D) live-cell imaging at high spatio-temporal resolution to define the detailed kinetics of mid-meiotic prophase motion for a single telomere-proximal locus in budding yeast. Telomere motions can be grouped into three general categories: (i) pauses, in which the telomere “jiggles in place”; (ii) rapid, straight/curvilinear motion which reflects Myo2/actin-mediated transport of the monitored telomere; and (iii) slower directional motions, most of which likely reflect indirectly promoted motion of the monitored telomere in coordination with actin-mediated motion of an unmarked telomere. These and other findings highlight the importance of dynamic assembly/disassembly of telomere/LINC/actin ensembles and also suggest important roles for nuclear envelope deformations promoted by actin-mediated telomere/LINC movement. The presented low-SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) imaging methodology provides opportunities for future exploration of homolog pairing and related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Nozaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Frederick Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Beth Weiner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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21
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Zuo W, Chen G, Gao Z, Li S, Chen Y, Huang C, Chen J, Chen Z, Lei M, Bian Q. Stage-resolved Hi-C analyses reveal meiotic chromosome organizational features influencing homolog alignment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5827. [PMID: 34625553 PMCID: PMC8501046 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, chromosomes exhibit dramatic changes in morphology and intranuclear positioning. How these changes influence homolog pairing, alignment, and recombination remain elusive. Using Hi-C, we systematically mapped 3D genome architecture throughout all meiotic prophase substages during mouse spermatogenesis. Our data uncover two major chromosome organizational features varying along the chromosome axis during early meiotic prophase, when homolog alignment occurs. First, transcriptionally active and inactive genomic regions form alternating domains consisting of shorter and longer chromatin loops, respectively. Second, the force-transmitting LINC complex promotes the alignment of ends of different chromosomes over a range of up to 20% of chromosome length. Both features correlate with the pattern of homolog interactions and the distribution of recombination events. Collectively, our data reveal the influences of transcription and force on meiotic chromosome structure and suggest chromosome organization may provide an infrastructure for the modulation of meiotic recombination in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Chen
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Gao
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhui Huang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Bian
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 200125, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Prasada Rao HB, Sato T, Challa K, Fujita Y, Shinohara M, Shinohara A. Phosphorylation of luminal region of the SUN-domain protein Mps3 promotes nuclear envelope localization during meiosis. eLife 2021; 10:63119. [PMID: 34586062 PMCID: PMC8570693 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, protein ensembles in the nuclear envelope (NE) containing SUN- and KASH-domain proteins, called linker nucleocytoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, promote the chromosome motion. Yeast SUN-domain protein, Mps3, forms multiple meiosis-specific ensembles on NE, which show dynamic localisation for chromosome motion; however, the mechanism by which these Mps3 ensembles are formed during meiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 protein kinase (DDK) regulate meiosis-specific dynamics of Mps3 on NE, particularly by mediating the resolution of Mps3 clusters and telomere clustering. We also found that the luminal region of Mps3 juxtaposed to the inner nuclear membrane is required for meiosis-specific localisation of Mps3 on NE. Negative charges introduced by meiosis-specific phosphorylation in the luminal region of Mps3 alter its interaction with negatively charged lipids by electric repulsion in reconstituted liposomes. Phospho-mimetic substitution in the luminal region suppresses the localisation of Mps3 via the inactivation of CDK or DDK. Our study revealed multi-layered phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the localisation of Mps3 on NE for meiotic chromosome motion and NE remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Challa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yurika Fujita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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23
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ChroMo, an Application for Unsupervised Analysis of Chromosome Movements in Meiosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082013. [PMID: 34440781 PMCID: PMC8392469 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear movements during meiotic prophase, driven by cytoskeleton forces, are a broadly conserved mechanism in opisthokonts and plants to promote pairing between homologous chromosomes. These forces are transmitted to the chromosomes by specific associations between telomeres and the nuclear envelope during meiotic prophase. Defective chromosome movements (CMs) harm pairing and recombination dynamics between homologues, thereby affecting faithful gametogenesis. For this reason, modelling the behaviour of CMs and their possible microvariations as a result of mutations or physico-chemical stress is important to understand this crucial stage of meiosis. Current developments in high-throughput imaging and image processing are yielding large CM datasets that are suitable for data mining approaches. To facilitate adoption of data mining pipelines, we present ChroMo, an interactive, unsupervised cloud application specifically designed for exploring CM datasets from live imaging. ChroMo contains a wide selection of algorithms and visualizations for time-series segmentation, motif discovery, and assessment of causality networks. Using ChroMo to analyse meiotic CMs in fission yeast, we found previously undiscovered features of CMs and causality relationships between chromosome morphology and trajectory. ChroMo will be a useful tool for understanding the behaviour of meiotic CMs in yeast and other model organisms.
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24
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Andric V, Rougemaille M. Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Control of Gametogenesis: Lessons from Fission Yeast. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7020034. [PMID: 34208016 PMCID: PMC8293462 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to cell fate decisions by modulating genome expression and stability. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the transition from mitosis to meiosis results in a marked remodeling of gene expression profiles, which ultimately ensures gamete production and inheritance of genetic information to the offspring. This key developmental process involves a set of dedicated lncRNAs that shape cell cycle-dependent transcriptomes through a variety of mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications and the modulation of transcription, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations, and that contribute to meiosis-specific chromosomal events. In this review, we summarize the biology of these lncRNAs, from their identification to mechanism of action, and discuss their regulatory role in the control of gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Andric
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Mathieu Rougemaille
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence:
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25
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Bustamante-Jaramillo LF, Ramos C, Martín-Castellanos C. The Meiosis-Specific Crs1 Cyclin Is Required for Efficient S-Phase Progression and Stable Nuclear Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115483. [PMID: 34067465 PMCID: PMC8196990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins and CDKs (Cyclin Dependent Kinases) are key players in the biology of eukaryotic cells, representing hubs for the orchestration of physiological conditions with cell cycle progression. Furthermore, as in the case of meiosis, cyclins and CDKs have acquired novel functions unrelated to this primal role in driving the division cycle. Meiosis is a specialized developmental program that ensures proper propagation of the genetic information to the next generation by the production of gametes with accurate chromosome content, and meiosis-specific cyclins are widespread in evolution. We have explored the diversification of CDK functions studying the meiosis-specific Crs1 cyclin in fission yeast. In addition to the reported role in DSB (Double Strand Break) formation, this cyclin is required for meiotic S-phase progression, a canonical role, and to maintain the architecture of the meiotic chromosomes. Crs1 localizes at the SPB (Spindle Pole Body) and is required to stabilize the cluster of telomeres at this location (bouquet configuration), as well as for normal SPB motion. In addition, Crs1 exhibits CDK(Cdc2)-dependent kinase activity in a biphasic manner during meiosis, in contrast to a single wave of protein expression, suggesting a post-translational control of its activity. Thus, Crs1 displays multiple functions, acting both in cell cycle progression and in several key meiosis-specific events.
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26
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Sato M, Kakui Y, Toya M. Tell the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis: Interplay Between Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660322. [PMID: 33898463 PMCID: PMC8060462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Medical-Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kakui
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Toya
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Major in Bioscience, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Ding DQ, Matsuda A, Okamasa K, Hiraoka Y. Linear elements are stable structures along the chromosome axis in fission yeast meiosis. Chromosoma 2021; 130:149-162. [PMID: 33825974 PMCID: PMC8426239 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-021-00757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure of chromosomes dramatically changes upon entering meiosis to ensure the successful progression of meiosis-specific events. During this process, a multilayer proteinaceous structure called a synaptonemal complex (SC) is formed in many eukaryotes. However, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, linear elements (LinEs), which are structures related to axial elements of the SC, form on the meiotic cohesin-based chromosome axis. The structure of LinEs has been observed using silver-stained electron micrographs or in immunofluorescence-stained spread nuclei. However, the fine structure of LinEs and their dynamics in intact living cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, we performed live cell imaging with wide-field fluorescence microscopy as well as 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) of the core components of LinEs (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, Mug20) and a linE-binding protein Hop1. We found that LinEs form along the chromosome axis and elongate during meiotic prophase. 3D-SIM microscopy revealed that Rec10 localized to meiotic chromosomes in the absence of other LinE proteins, but shaped into LinEs only in the presence of all three other components, the Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20. Elongation of LinEs was impaired in double-strand break-defective rec12− cells. The structure of LinEs persisted after treatment with 1,6-hexanediol and showed slow fluorescence recovery from photobleaching. These results indicate that LinEs are stable structures resembling axial elements of the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qiao Ding
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kasumi Okamasa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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28
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Hou H, Kyriacou E, Thadani R, Klutstein M, Chapman JH, Cooper JP. Centromeres are dismantled by foundational meiotic proteins Spo11 and Rec8. Nature 2021; 591:671-676. [PMID: 33658710 PMCID: PMC8843027 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic processes are potentially dangerous to genome stability and could be disastrous if activated in proliferative cells. Here we show that two key meiosis-defining proteins, the topoisomerase Spo11 (which forms double-strand breaks) and the meiotic cohesin Rec8, can dismantle centromeres. This dismantlement is normally observable only in mutant cells that lack the telomere bouquet, which provides a nuclear microdomain conducive to centromere reassembly1; however, overexpression of Spo11 or Rec8 leads to levels of centromere dismantlement that cannot be countered by the bouquet. Specific nucleosome remodelling factors mediate centromere dismantlement by Spo11 and Rec8. Ectopic expression of either protein in proliferating cells leads to the loss of mitotic kinetochores in both fission yeast and human cells. Hence, while centromeric chromatin has been characterized as extraordinarily stable, Spo11 and Rec8 challenge this stability and may jeopardize kinetochores in cancers that express meiotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone 303-724-3203,Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Co-corresponding authors: ;
| | - Eftychia Kyriacou
- Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Current address: Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rahul Thadani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone 303-724-3203,Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Chromatin and Aging Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem PO 12272, Israel 91120
| | - Joseph H. Chapman
- Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Current address: Single Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH
| | - Julia Promisel Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone 303-724-3203,Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Co-corresponding authors: ;
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29
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TOR targets an RNA processing network to regulate facultative heterochromatin, developmental gene expression and cell proliferation. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:243-256. [PMID: 33574613 PMCID: PMC9260697 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and differentiation require signalling pathways that enforce appropriate and timely gene expression. We find that Tor2, the catalytic subunit of the TORC1 complex in fission yeast, targets a conserved nuclear RNA elimination network, particularly the serine and proline-rich protein Pir1, to control gene expression through RNA decay and facultative heterochromatin assembly. Phosphorylation by Tor2 protects Pir1 from degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system involving the polyubiquitin Ubi4 stress-response protein and the Cul4-Ddb1 E3 ligase. This pathway suppresses widespread and untimely gene expression and is critical for sustaining cell proliferation. Moreover, we find that the dynamic nature of Tor2-mediated control of RNA elimination machinery defines gene expression patterns that coordinate fundamental chromosomal events during gametogenesis, such as meiotic double-strand-break formation and chromosome segregation. These findings have important implications for understanding how the TOR signalling pathway reprogrammes gene expression patterns and contributes to diseases such as cancer.
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30
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Wintrebert M, Nguyen MC, Smith GR. Activation of meiotic recombination by nuclear import of the DNA break hotspot-determining complex in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs253518. [PMID: 33526714 PMCID: PMC7929924 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination forms crossovers important for proper chromosome segregation and offspring viability. This complex process involves many proteins acting at each of the multiple steps of recombination. Recombination initiates by formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which in the several species examined occur with high frequency at special sites (DSB hotspots). In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, DSB hotspots are bound with high specificity and strongly activated by linear element (LinE) proteins Rec25, Rec27 and Mug20, which form colocalized nuclear foci with Rec10, essential for all DSB formation and recombination. Here, we test the hypothesis that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of Rec10 is crucial for coordinated nuclear entry after forming a complex with other LinE proteins. In NLS mutants, all LinE proteins were abundant in the cytoplasm, not the nucleus; DSB formation and recombination were much reduced but not eliminated. Nuclear entry of limited amounts of Rec10, apparently small enough for passive nuclear entry, can account for residual recombination. LinE proteins are related to synaptonemal complex proteins of other species, suggesting that they also share an NLS, not yet identified, and undergo protein complex formation before nuclear entry.This article has an associated First Person interview with Mélody Wintrebert, joint first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélody Wintrebert
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mai-Chi Nguyen
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gerald R Smith
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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31
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Osman K, Algopishi U, Higgins JD, Henderson IR, Edwards KJ, Franklin FCH, Sanchez-Moran E. Distal Bias of Meiotic Crossovers in Hexaploid Bread Wheat Reflects Spatio-Temporal Asymmetry of the Meiotic Program. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631323. [PMID: 33679846 DOI: 10.33892/ffpls.2021.631323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination generates genetic variation and provides physical links between homologous chromosomes (crossovers) essential for accurate segregation. In cereals the distribution of crossovers, cytologically evident as chiasmata, is biased toward the distal regions of chromosomes. This creates a bottleneck for plant breeders in the development of varieties with improved agronomic traits, as genes situated in the interstitial and centromere proximal regions of chromosomes rarely recombine. Recent advances in wheat genomics and genome engineering combined with well-developed wheat cytogenetics offer new opportunities to manipulate recombination and unlock genetic variation. As a basis for these investigations we have carried out a detailed analysis of meiotic progression in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) using immunolocalization of chromosome axis, synaptonemal complex and recombination proteins. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling was used to determine the chronology of key events in relation to DNA replication. Axis morphogenesis, synapsis and recombination initiation were found to be spatio-temporally coordinated, beginning in the gene-dense distal chromosomal regions and later occurring in the interstitial/proximal regions. Moreover, meiotic progression in the distal regions was coordinated with the conserved chromatin cycles that are a feature of meiosis. This mirroring of the chiasma bias was also evident in the distribution of the gene-associated histone marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3; the repeat-associated mark, H3K27me1; and H3K9me3. We believe that this study provides a cytogenetic framework for functional studies and ongoing initiatives to manipulate recombination in the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Osman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Uthman Algopishi
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James D Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith J Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - F Chris H Franklin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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32
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Oizumi Y, Kaji T, Tashiro S, Takeshita Y, Date Y, Kanoh J. Complete sequences of Schizosaccharomyces pombe subtelomeres reveal multiple patterns of genome variation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:611. [PMID: 33504776 PMCID: PMC7840980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome sequences have been determined for many model organisms; however, repetitive regions such as centromeres, telomeres, and subtelomeres have not yet been sequenced completely. Here, we report the complete sequences of subtelomeric homologous (SH) regions of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We overcame technical difficulties to obtain subtelomeric repetitive sequences by constructing strains that possess single SH regions of a standard laboratory strain. In addition, some natural isolates of S. pombe were analyzed using previous sequencing data. Whole sequences of SH regions revealed that each SH region consists of two distinct parts with mosaics of multiple common segments or blocks showing high variation among subtelomeres and strains. Subtelomere regions show relatively high frequency of nucleotide variations among strains compared with the other chromosomal regions. Furthermore, we identified subtelomeric RecQ-type helicase genes, tlh3 and tlh4, which add to the already known tlh1 and tlh2, and found that the tlh1-4 genes show high sequence variation with missense mutations, insertions, and deletions but no severe effects on their RNA expression. Our results indicate that SH sequences are highly polymorphic and hot spots for genome variation. These features of subtelomeres may have contributed to genome diversity and, conversely, various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oizumi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuto Kaji
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sanki Tashiro
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Yumiko Takeshita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuko Date
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Junko Kanoh
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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33
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Osman K, Algopishi U, Higgins JD, Henderson IR, Edwards KJ, Franklin FCH, Sanchez-Moran E. Distal Bias of Meiotic Crossovers in Hexaploid Bread Wheat Reflects Spatio-Temporal Asymmetry of the Meiotic Program. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631323. [PMID: 33679846 PMCID: PMC7928317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination generates genetic variation and provides physical links between homologous chromosomes (crossovers) essential for accurate segregation. In cereals the distribution of crossovers, cytologically evident as chiasmata, is biased toward the distal regions of chromosomes. This creates a bottleneck for plant breeders in the development of varieties with improved agronomic traits, as genes situated in the interstitial and centromere proximal regions of chromosomes rarely recombine. Recent advances in wheat genomics and genome engineering combined with well-developed wheat cytogenetics offer new opportunities to manipulate recombination and unlock genetic variation. As a basis for these investigations we have carried out a detailed analysis of meiotic progression in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) using immunolocalization of chromosome axis, synaptonemal complex and recombination proteins. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling was used to determine the chronology of key events in relation to DNA replication. Axis morphogenesis, synapsis and recombination initiation were found to be spatio-temporally coordinated, beginning in the gene-dense distal chromosomal regions and later occurring in the interstitial/proximal regions. Moreover, meiotic progression in the distal regions was coordinated with the conserved chromatin cycles that are a feature of meiosis. This mirroring of the chiasma bias was also evident in the distribution of the gene-associated histone marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3; the repeat-associated mark, H3K27me1; and H3K9me3. We believe that this study provides a cytogenetic framework for functional studies and ongoing initiatives to manipulate recombination in the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Osman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kim Osman
| | - Uthman Algopishi
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith J. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eugenio Sanchez-Moran
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Eugenio Sanchez-Moran
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34
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Lee CY, Bisig CG, Conrad MN, Ditamo Y, Previato de Almeida L, Dresser ME, Pezza RJ. Telomere-led meiotic chromosome movements: recent update in structure and function. Nucleus 2020; 11:111-116. [PMID: 32412326 PMCID: PMC7781623 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1769456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In S. cerevisiae prophase meiotic chromosomes move by forces generated in the cytoplasm and transduced to the telomere via a protein complex located in the nuclear membrane. We know that chromosome movements require actin cytoskeleton [13,31] and the proteins Ndj1, Mps3, and Csm4. Until recently, the identity of the protein connecting Ndj1-Mps3 with the cytoskeleton components was missing. It was also not known the identity of a cytoplasmic motor responsible for interacting with the actin cytoskeleton and a protein at the outer nuclear envelope. Our recent work [36] identified Mps2 as the protein connecting Ndj1-Mps3 with cytoskeleton components; Myo2 as the cytoplasmic motor that interacts with Mps2; and Cms4 as a regulator of Mps2 and Myo2 interaction and activities (Figure 1). Below we present a model for how Mps2, Csm4, and Myo2 promote chromosome movements by providing the primary connections joining telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton through the LINC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C G Bisig
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto-CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M N Conrad
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Y Ditamo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto-CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Previato de Almeida
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M E Dresser
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R J Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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35
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Muhtadi R, Lorenz A, Mpaulo SJ, Siebenwirth C, Scherthan H. Catalase T-Deficient Fission Yeast Meiocytes Show Resistance to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090881. [PMID: 32957622 PMCID: PMC7555645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or ionizing radiation (IR) can induce adverse effects in organisms and their cells, including mutations and premature aging. DNA damage and its faulty repair can lead to cell death or promote cancer through the accumulation of mutations. Misrepair in germ cells is particularly dangerous as it may lead to alterations in developmental programs and genetic disease in the offspring. DNA damage pathways and radical defense mechanisms mediate resistance to genotoxic stresses. Here, we investigated, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the role of the H2O2-detoxifying enzyme cytosolic catalase T (Ctt1) and the Fe2+/Mn2+ symporter Pcl1 in protecting meiotic chromosome dynamics and gamete formation from radicals generated by ROS and IR. We found that wild-type and pcl1-deficient cells respond similarly to X ray doses of up to 300 Gy, while ctt1∆ meiocytes showed a moderate sensitivity to IR but a hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide with cells dying at >0.4 mM H2O2. Meiocytes deficient for pcl1, on the other hand, showed a resistance to hydrogen peroxide similar to that of the wild type, surviving doses >40 mM. In all, it appears that in the absence of the main H2O2-detoxifying pathway S. pombe meiocytes are able to survive significant doses of IR-induced radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Muhtadi
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Samantha J. Mpaulo
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Christian Siebenwirth
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-992692-2272
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36
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Nuclear Envelope Proteins Modulating the Heterochromatin Formation and Functions in Fission Yeast. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081908. [PMID: 32824370 PMCID: PMC7464478 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) consists of the inner and outer nuclear membranes (INM and ONM), and the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which penetrates the double membrane. ONM continues with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). INM and NPC can interact with chromatin to regulate the genetic activities of the chromosome. Studies in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterochromatin formation by the RNAi-mediated and histone deacetylase machineries. Recent studies have demonstrated that NE proteins modulate heterochromatin formation and functions through interactions with heterochromatic regions, including the pericentromeric and the sub-telomeric regions. In this review, we first introduce the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterochromatin formation and functions in fission yeast, and then summarize the NE proteins that play a role in anchoring heterochromatic regions and in modulating heterochromatin formation and functions, highlighting roles for a conserved INM protein, Lem2.
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37
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CDK Regulation of Meiosis: Lessons from S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070723. [PMID: 32610611 PMCID: PMC7397238 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic progression requires precise orchestration, such that one round of DNA replication is followed by two meiotic divisions. The order and timing of meiotic events is controlled through the modulation of the phosphorylation state of proteins. Key components of this phospho-regulatory system include cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and its cyclin regulatory subunits. Over the past two decades, studies in budding and fission yeast have greatly informed our understanding of the role of CDK in meiotic regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of how CDK controls meiotic events in both budding and fission yeast. We discuss mechanisms of CDK regulation through post-translational modifications and changes in the levels of cyclins. Finally, we highlight the similarities and differences in CDK regulation between the two yeast species. Since CDK and many meiotic regulators are highly conserved, the findings in budding and fission yeasts have revealed conserved mechanisms of meiotic regulation among eukaryotes.
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38
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Loncar A, Rincon SA, Lera Ramirez M, Paoletti A, Tran PT. Kinesin-14 family proteins and microtubule dynamics define S. pombe mitotic and meiotic spindle assembly, and elongation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240234. [PMID: 32327557 PMCID: PMC7295595 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To segregate the chromosomes faithfully during cell division, cells assemble a spindle that captures the kinetochores and pulls them towards opposite poles. Proper spindle function requires correct interplay between microtubule motors and non-motor proteins. Defects in spindle assembly or changes in spindle dynamics are associated with diseases, such as cancer or developmental disorders. Here, we compared mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast. We show that, even though mitotic and meiotic spindles underwent the typical three phases of spindle elongation, they have distinct features. We found that the relative concentration of the kinesin-14 family protein Pkl1 is decreased in meiosis I compared to mitosis, while the concentration of the kinesin-5 family protein Cut7 remains constant. We identified the second kinesin-14 family protein Klp2 and microtubule dynamics as factors necessary for proper meiotic spindle assembly. This work defines the differences between mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and provides prospect for future comparative studies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Loncar
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergio A Rincon
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica/Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Manuel Lera Ramirez
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Paoletti
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Phong T Tran
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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39
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Hiraoka Y. Phase separation drives pairing of homologous chromosomes. Curr Genet 2020; 66:881-887. [PMID: 32285141 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pairing of homologous chromosomes is crucial for ensuring accurate segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Molecular mechanisms of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis have been extensively studied in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this organism, meiosis-specific noncoding RNA transcribed from specific genes accumulates at the respective gene loci, and chromosome-associated RNA-protein complexes mediate meiotic pairing of homologous loci through phase separation. Pairing of homologous chromosomes also occurs in somatic diploid cells in certain situations. For example, somatic pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs during the early embryogenesis in diptera, and relies on the transcription-associated chromatin architecture. Earlier models also suggest that transcription factories along the chromosome mediate pairing of homologous chromosomes in plants. These studies suggest that RNA bodies formed on chromosomes mediate the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This review summarizes lessons from S. pombe to provide general insights into mechanisms of homologous chromosome pairing mediated by phase separation of chromosome-associated RNA-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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40
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Mixing and Matching Chromosomes during Female Meiosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030696. [PMID: 32178277 PMCID: PMC7140621 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a key event in the manufacturing of an oocyte. During this process, the oocyte creates a set of unique chromosomes by recombining paternal and maternal copies of homologous chromosomes, and by eliminating one set of chromosomes to become haploid. While meiosis is conserved among sexually reproducing eukaryotes, there is a bewildering diversity of strategies among species, and sometimes within sexes of the same species, to achieve proper segregation of chromosomes. Here, we review the very first steps of meiosis in females, when the maternal and paternal copies of each homologous chromosomes have to move, find each other and pair. We explore the similarities and differences observed in C. elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse females.
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41
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Yuzurihara H, Aizawa Y, Saotome M, Ichikawa Y, Yokoyama H, Chikashige Y, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y, Kurumizaka H, Kagawa W. Improved Methods for Preparing the Telomere Tethering Complex Bqt1-Bqt2 for Structural Studies. Protein J 2020; 39:174-181. [PMID: 32140970 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, chromosome ends (telomeres) are tethered to the inner nuclear membrane. During the early stages of meiosis, telomeres move along the nuclear membrane and gather near the spindle-pole body, resulting in a bouquet-like arrangement of chromosomes. This chromosomal configuration appears to be widely conserved among eukaryotes, and is assumed to play an important role in the normal progression of meiosis, by mediating the proper pairing of homologous chromosomes. In fission yeast, the Bqt1-Bqt2 protein complex plays a key role in tethering the telomere to the inner nuclear membrane. However, the structural details of the complex required to clarify how telomeres are gathered near the spindle-pole body remain enigmatic. Previously, we devised a preparation procedure for the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus Bqt1-Bqt2 complex, in which a SUMO tag was fused to the N-terminus of the Bqt1 protein. This allowed us to purify the Bqt1-Bqt2 complex from the soluble fraction. In the present study, we found that a maltose-binding protein homolog, Athe_0614, served as a better fusion partner than the SUMO protein, resulting in the marked increase in the solubility of the Bqt1-Bqt2 complex. The Athe_0614 fusion partner may open up new avenues for X-ray crystallographic analyses of the structure of the Bqt1-Bqt2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yuzurihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8506, Japan
| | - Yuuki Aizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8506, Japan
| | - Mika Saotome
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8506, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ichikawa
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Cancer Institute of JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Animal Waste Management and Environment Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Yuji Chikashige
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8506, Japan.
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42
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Krapp A, Hamelin R, Armand F, Chiappe D, Krapp L, Cano E, Moniatte M, Simanis V. Analysis of the S. pombe Meiotic Proteome Reveals a Switch from Anabolic to Catabolic Processes and Extensive Post-transcriptional Regulation. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1044-1058.e5. [PMID: 30673600 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic progression in S. pombe is regulated by stage-specific gene expression and translation, changes in RNA stability, expression of anti-sense transcripts, and targeted proteolysis of regulatory proteins. We have used SILAC labeling to examine the relative levels of proteins in diploid S. pombe cells during meiosis. Among the 3,268 proteins quantified at all time points, the levels of 880 proteins changed at least 2-fold; the majority of proteins showed stepwise increases or decreases during the meiotic divisions, while some changed transiently. Overall, we observed reductions in proteins involved in anabolism and increases in proteins involved in catabolism. We also observed increases in the levels of proteins of the ESCRT-III complex and revealed a role for ESCRT-III components in chromosome segregation and spore formation. Correlation with studies of meiotic gene expression and ribosome occupancy reveals that many of the changes in steady-state protein levels are post-transcriptional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krapp
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM, SV2.1830, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Hamelin
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Armand
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego Chiappe
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Krapp
- EPFL SV IBI-SV UPDALPE, AAB 1 17, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cano
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM, SV2.1830, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- EPFL Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, AI 0149, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viesturs Simanis
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM, SV2.1830, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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43
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Berthezene J, Reyes C, Li T, Coulon S, Bernard P, Gachet Y, Tournier S. Aurora B and condensin are dispensable for chromosome arm and telomere separation during meiosis II. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:889-905. [PMID: 32101485 PMCID: PMC7185977 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitosis, while the importance of kinetochore (KT)-microtubule (MT) attachment has been known for many years, increasing evidence suggests that telomere dysfunctions also perturb chromosome segregation by contributing to the formation of chromatin bridges at anaphase. Recent evidence suggests that Aurora B kinase ensures proper chromosome segregation during mitosis not only by controlling KT-MT attachment but also by regulating telomere and chromosome arm separation. However, whether and how Aurora B governs telomere separation during meiosis has remained unknown. Here, we show that fission yeast Aurora B localizes at telomeres during meiosis I and promotes telomere separation independently of the meiotic cohesin Rec8. In meiosis II, Aurora B controls KT-MT attachment but appears dispensable for telomere and chromosome arm separation. Likewise, condensin activity is nonessential in meiosis II for telomere and chromosome arm separation. Thus, in meiosis, the requirements for Aurora B are distinct at centromeres and telomeres, illustrating the critical differences in the control of chromosome segregation between mitosis and meiosis II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Berthezene
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Reyes
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tong Li
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Coulon
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Bernard
- CNRS-Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR 5239, 69364 Lyon, France.,ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yannick Gachet
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Tournier
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
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44
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Extranuclear Structural Components that Mediate Dynamic Chromosome Movements in Yeast Meiosis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1207-1216.e4. [PMID: 32059771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomere-led rapid chromosome movements or rapid prophase movements direct fundamental meiotic processes required for successful haploidization of the genome. Critical components of the machinery that generates rapid prophase movements are unknown, and the mechanism underlying rapid prophase movements remains poorly understood. We identified S. cerevisiae Mps2 as the outer nuclear membrane protein that connects the LINC complex with the cytoskeleton. We also demonstrate that the motor Myo2 works together with Mps2 to couple the telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton. Further, we show that Csm4 interacts with Mps2 and is required for perinuclear localization of Myo2, implicating Csm4 as a regulator of the Mps2-Myo2 interaction. We propose a model in which the newly identified functions of Mps2 and Myo2 cooperate with Csm4 to drive chromosome movements in meiotic prophase by coupling telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton.
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45
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Nagaoka SI, Nakaki F, Miyauchi H, Nosaka Y, Ohta H, Yabuta Y, Kurimoto K, Hayashi K, Nakamura T, Yamamoto T, Saitou M. ZGLP1 is a determinant for the oogenic fate in mice. Science 2020; 367:science.aaw4115. [PMID: 32054698 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination of germ cells is vital to creating the sexual dichotomy of germ cell development, thereby ensuring sexual reproduction. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that ZGLP1, a conserved transcriptional regulator with GATA-like zinc fingers, determines the oogenic fate in mice. ZGLP1 acts downstream of bone morphogenetic protein, but not retinoic acid (RA), and is essential for the oogenic program and meiotic entry. ZGLP1 overexpression induces differentiation of in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) into fetal oocytes by activating the oogenic programs repressed by Polycomb activities, whereas RA signaling contributes to oogenic program maturation and PGC program repression. Our findings elucidate the mechanism for mammalian oogenic fate determination, providing a foundation for promoting in vitro gametogenesis and reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- So I Nagaoka
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Miyauchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nosaka
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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46
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Ding DQ, Okamasa K, Katou Y, Oya E, Nakayama JI, Chikashige Y, Shirahige K, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y. Chromosome-associated RNA-protein complexes promote pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5598. [PMID: 31811152 PMCID: PMC6898681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pairing of homologous chromosomes in meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction. We have previously demonstrated that the fission yeast sme2 RNA, a meiosis-specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), accumulates at the sme2 chromosomal loci and mediates their robust pairing in meiosis. However, the mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated homologous pairing have remained elusive. In this study, we identify conserved RNA-binding proteins that are required for robust pairing of homologous chromosomes. These proteins accumulate mainly at the sme2 and two other chromosomal loci together with meiosis-specific lncRNAs transcribed from these loci. Remarkably, the chromosomal accumulation of these lncRNA–protein complexes is required for robust pairing. Moreover, the lncRNA–protein complexes exhibit phase separation properties, since 1,6-hexanediol treatment reversibly disassembled these complexes and disrupted the pairing of associated loci. We propose that lncRNA–protein complexes assembled at specific chromosomal loci mediate recognition and subsequent pairing of homologous chromosomes. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes is critical for sexual reproduction. Here the authors reveal in S. pombe the role of lncRNA–protein complexes during the pairing of homologues chromosomes that assemble at specific chromosomal loci to mediate recognition of the pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qiao Ding
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Okamasa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yuki Katou
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Eriko Oya
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan.,Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Chikashige
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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47
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Gallardo P, Barrales RR, Daga RR, Salas-Pino S. Nuclear Mechanics in the Fission Yeast. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101285. [PMID: 31635174 PMCID: PMC6829894 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the organization of the genome within the nucleus requires the nuclear envelope (NE) and its associated proteins. The nucleus is subjected to mechanical forces produced by the cytoskeleton. The physical properties of the NE and the linkage of chromatin in compacted conformation at sites of cytoskeleton contacts seem to be key for withstanding nuclear mechanical stress. Mechanical perturbations of the nucleus normally occur during nuclear positioning and migration. In addition, cell contraction or expansion occurring for instance during cell migration or upon changes in osmotic conditions also result innuclear mechanical stress. Recent studies in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) have revealed unexpected functions of cytoplasmic microtubules in nuclear architecture and chromosome behavior, and have pointed to NE-chromatin tethers as protective elements during nuclear mechanics. Here, we review and discuss how fission yeast cells can be used to understand principles underlying the dynamic interplay between genome organization and function and the effect of forces applied to the nucleus by the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallardo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucia, 41010 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ramón R Barrales
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucia, 41010 Seville, Spain.
| | - Rafael R Daga
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucia, 41010 Seville, Spain.
| | - Silvia Salas-Pino
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucia, 41010 Seville, Spain.
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48
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Zhurinsky J, Salas-Pino S, Iglesias-Romero AB, Torres-Mendez A, Knapp B, Flor-Parra I, Wang J, Bao K, Jia S, Chang F, Daga RR. Effects of the microtubule nucleator Mto1 on chromosomal movement, DNA repair, and sister chromatid cohesion in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2695-2708. [PMID: 31483748 PMCID: PMC6761766 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-05-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the function of microtubules (MTs) in chromosomal segregation during mitosis is well characterized, much less is known about the role of MTs in chromosomal functions during interphase. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, dynamic cytoplasmic MT bundles move chromosomes in an oscillatory manner during interphase via linkages through the nuclear envelope (NE) at the spindle pole body (SPB) and other sites. Mto1 is a cytoplasmic factor that mediates the nucleation and attachment of cytoplasmic MTs to the nucleus. Here, we test the function of these cytoplasmic MTs and Mto1 on DNA repair and recombination during interphase. We find that mto1Δ cells exhibit defects in DNA repair and homologous recombination (HR) and abnormal DNA repair factory dynamics. In these cells, sister chromatids are not properly paired, and binding of Rad21 cohesin subunit along chromosomal arms is reduced. Our findings suggest a model in which cytoplasmic MTs and Mto1 facilitate efficient DNA repair and HR by promoting dynamic chromosomal organization and cohesion in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Zhurinsky
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Silvia Salas-Pino
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Ana B. Iglesias-Romero
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Antonio Torres-Mendez
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Benjamin Knapp
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ignacio Flor-Parra
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Jiyong Wang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kehan Bao
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Songtao Jia
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Fred Chang
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Rafael R. Daga
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain
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49
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Shirasugi Y, Sato M. Kinetochore-mediated outward force promotes spindle pole separation in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2802-2813. [PMID: 31532702 PMCID: PMC6789161 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar spindles are organized by motor proteins that generate microtubule-dependent forces to separate the two spindle poles. The fission yeast Cut7 (kinesin-5) is a plus-end-directed motor that generates the outward force to separate the two spindle poles, whereas the minus-end-directed motor Pkl1 (kinesin-14) generates the inward force. Balanced forces by these antagonizing kinesins are essential for bipolar spindle organization in mitosis. Here, we demonstrate that chromosomes generate another outward force that contributes to the bipolar spindle assembly. First, it was noted that the cut7 pkl1 double knockout failed to separate spindle poles in meiosis I, although the mutant is known to succeed it in mitosis. It was assumed that this might be because meiotic kinetochores of bivalent chromosomes joined by cross-overs generate weaker tensions in meiosis I than the strong tensions in mitosis generated by tightly tethered sister kinetochores. In line with this idea, when meiotic mono-oriented kinetochores were artificially converted to a mitotic bioriented layout, the cut7 pkl1 mutant successfully separated spindle poles in meiosis I. Therefore, we propose that spindle pole separation is promoted by outward forces transmitted from kinetochores to spindle poles through microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shirasugi
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience
| | - Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience.,Institute for Medical--Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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meiRNA, A Polyvalent Player in Fission Yeast Meiosis. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5030045. [PMID: 31533287 PMCID: PMC6789587 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs play a wide variety of roles beyond expectation. A lot of non-coding RNAs have been shown to function by forming intracellular structures either in the nucleus or the cytoplasm. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a non-coding RNA termed meiRNA has been shown to play multiple vital roles in the course of meiosis. meiRNA is tethered to its genetic locus after transcription and forms a peculiar intranuclear dot structure. It ensures stable expression of meiotic genes in cooperation with an RNA-binding protein Mei2. Chromosome-associated meiRNA also facilitates recognition of homologous chromosome loci and induces robust pairing. In this review, the quarter-century history of meiRNA, from its identification to functional characterization, will be outlined.
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